WO2015013885A1 - 确定核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法 - Google Patents

确定核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法 Download PDF

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WO2015013885A1
WO2015013885A1 PCT/CN2013/080419 CN2013080419W WO2015013885A1 WO 2015013885 A1 WO2015013885 A1 WO 2015013885A1 CN 2013080419 W CN2013080419 W CN 2013080419W WO 2015013885 A1 WO2015013885 A1 WO 2015013885A1
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nucleic acid
methylation
dna
predetermined
fragment
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PCT/CN2013/080419
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English (en)
French (fr)
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潘小瑜
郭靖
蒋慧
陈芳
陈盛培
朱师达
樊帆
朱家楼
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深圳华大基因科技有限公司
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Priority to US14/908,695 priority Critical patent/US10017824B2/en
Priority to ES13890841.3T priority patent/ES2685893T3/es
Priority to CN201380078941.0A priority patent/CN105555965B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2013/080419 priority patent/WO2015013885A1/zh
Priority to EP13890841.3A priority patent/EP3029148B1/en
Publication of WO2015013885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015013885A1/zh
Priority to HK16111580.5A priority patent/HK1223403A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, and in particular to a method for determining the composition of a nucleic acid in a mixture of nucleic acids, and more particularly to a method for determining the content of a first nucleic acid in a total nucleic acid mixture comprising a first nucleic acid and a second nucleic acid.
  • Prenatal diagnosis refers to the use of multiple detection methods, such as imaging, biochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular biology, to diagnose fetal congenital defects or hereditary diseases before birth.
  • multiple detection methods such as imaging, biochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular biology
  • the method for detecting fetal chromosome aneuploidy by using maternal plasma sequencing is usually carried out by sequencing the total free DNA in the plasma of pregnant women, without distinguishing between fetal and maternal DNA, and based on the principle of significance test to determine whether the fetus is Chromosomal aneuploidy variation.
  • This method has certain advantages in non-invasive three-body screening, but under the condition of low fetal DNA concentration, false negative results may occur due to the low significance of chromosomal abnormalities.
  • DNA Methylation refers to the chemical modification process of adding a methyl group to the fifth carbon atom of cytosine under the catalysis of DNA methyltransferase to become methylcytosine.
  • This DNA methylation modification can be specific to an individual, tissue or cell, and thus can distinguish DNA from different sources (such as fetal and maternal DNA, or tumor and normal DNA) depending on the methylation status of a particular gene, and Quantify DNA from one of these sources.
  • colorectal cancer For early detection of cancer, methylation of specific genes is closely related to the development of cancer and can be used as a potential early diagnostic marker.
  • colorectal cancer it is also called colorectal cancer, including the proliferation of tumors in the large intestine, rectum and appendix. In the Western world, this is the third most common cancer, and the second cancer that causes death. It is generally believed that many colorectal cancers are caused by polypoid polyps (Polyp) in the large intestine. These tumors, which are similar in shape to mushrooms, are generally benign, but some of these tumors will evolve into cancer after a certain period of time. When colon cancer has not metastasized early, it can be effectively treated by surgery and prolonged survival.
  • colorectal cancer early detection of colorectal cancer is a key link in determining success and complete cure.
  • Highly specific and highly sensitive markers are critical for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, such as qualitative and quantitative detection of abnormally hypermethylated DNA in serum and excreta, and is an emerging non-invasive colorectal with high potential. Cancer screening method. Summary of the invention
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid mixture capable of efficiently determining nucleic acids containing a plurality of sources.
  • the present invention provides a method of determining a nucleic acid composition in a total nucleic acid mixture comprising a first nucleic acid and a second nucleic acid, wherein the first nucleic acid and the second nucleic acid are of different origins, which may be, but are not limited to, different individual sources, Different tissue sources or different cell sources.
  • the method comprises: 1) treating the total nucleic acid mixture with bisulfite to convert unmethylated cytosine in the total nucleic acid mixture to uracil and obtaining Converting the total nucleic acid mixture; 2) performing multiplex quantitative PCR on the transformed total nucleic acid mixture using the first amplification primer set and the second amplification primer set to capture and amplify the predetermined nucleic acid fragment to obtain the predetermined a ratio R of a methylated amplification product of the nucleic acid fragment and a non-methylated amplification product, wherein the first nucleic acid and the second nucleic acid each contain the predetermined nucleic acid fragment, and the predetermined one in the first nucleic acid There is a difference in the methylation level of the nucleic acid fragment and the predetermined nucleic acid fragment in the second nucleic acid, the first amplification primer set specifically recognizing the transformed predetermined nucleic acid fragment, and the second amplification primer set specifically recognizes a predetermined
  • the treatment of DNA by bisulfite can de-aminolate unmethylated cytosine into uracil, and the methylation-protected cytosine does not change, thereby distinguishing A cytosine cytosine site and an unmethylated cytosine site. Further, after PCR, the original methylated cytosine remains unchanged, and the urethane obtained by the bisulfite treatment is completely converted into thymine. Therefore, the trans-sulfite-treated DNA can specifically amplify its methylated or unmethylated fragments by designing primers for methylation-specific or non-methylation-specific PCR.
  • the composition of the nucleic acid molecules of different origins in the nucleic acid composition can be effectively determined by the method of the present invention, for example, The content of the nucleic acid or the second nucleic acid.
  • the above method may also have the following additional technical features:
  • the first nucleic acid is fetal DNA and the second nucleic acid is pregnant DNA.
  • the total nucleic acid mixture is maternal plasma DNA.
  • the concentration of fetal DNA in the fetal fetal DNA mixture can be effectively determined.
  • the first nucleic acid is cancer cell DNA
  • the second nucleic acid is non-cancer DNA.
  • the total nucleic acid mixture is tumor patient tissue, plasma or fecal DNA. Thereby, the methylation level of the cancerous tissue of the tumor patient can be analyzed.
  • M 1 is at least 10 times, preferably at least 50 times, more preferably at least 90 times, further preferably at least 100 times more than M 2 .
  • the first nucleic acid content ⁇ in the total nucleic acid mixture is determined based on the formula ⁇ R / tMiR + Mi].
  • the composition of the nucleic acid molecules in the total nucleic acid mixture can be further simplified and The method of the content and the efficiency of determining the composition and content of the nucleic acid molecules in the total nucleic acid mixture.
  • the predetermined nucleic acid fragment comprises one or more nucleic acid fragments located on different chromosomes.
  • the predetermined nucleic acid fragment comprises one or more nucleic acid fragments located on different genes.
  • the predetermined nucleic acid fragment is at least a portion selected from the group consisting of: RASSF1A, SERPINB5, C21orf63, OLIG2, CBR1, SIM2, DSC AM TRPM2, C21orf29, COL18AK AIRE, ERG, CD48, FAIM3, ARHGAP25 , BMP3, VIM, NDRG4, TFPI2, SFRP2, SEPT9, SELPLG.
  • the predetermined nucleic acid fragment comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of nucleic acid sequences shown in the following table:
  • the concentration of fetal DNA in the fetal DNA mixture of the pregnant woman or the concentration of the cancer DNA in the mixture of the cancer cells and the non-cancer DNA in the tumor tissue of the tumor patient can be effectively determined.
  • the first amplification primer set comprises: a nucleic acid molecule having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the concentration of fetal DNA in the fetal DNA mixture of the pregnant woman or the concentration of the cancer DNA in the mixture of the cancer cells and the non-cancer DNA in the tumor tissue can be effectively determined.
  • the second amplification primer set comprises: having SEQ
  • nucleic acid molecule of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 A nucleic acid molecule of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the multiplex quantitative PCR further employs a methylation-specific probe and a non-methylation-specific probe.
  • the methylation-specific probe and the non-methylation-specific probe respectively carry a label selected from at least one of FAR, JOE and TAMRA.
  • the methylation-specific probe has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6
  • the non-methylation-specific probe has The sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
  • the methylation specific probe is labeled with FAM and TAMRA. Thereby, the efficiency of the fluorescent quantitative PCR can be further improved.
  • the non-methylation specific probe is labeled with JOE and TAMRA. Thereby, the efficiency of the fluorescent quantitative PCR can be further improved.
  • the method according to the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
  • a methylation-specific multiplex QPCR method can be used to analyze a specific DNA content in a sample DNA of a subject
  • the method according to an embodiment of the invention is fast and simple. Methods according to embodiments of the present invention, fewer steps The actual operations involved include only DNA extraction, bisulfite treatment, and quantitative PCR (QPCR).
  • QPCR quantitative PCR
  • the ease of operation makes it suitable for a variety of clinical tests (such as detecting the amount of fetal DNA in maternal plasma, or the DNA content of tumor cells in tumor patient samples); rapid operation makes it possible to become a variety of clinical tests (such as non-invasive production) Pre-diagnosis) quality control link.
  • a method according to an embodiment of the invention has a high throughput.
  • the present invention relates to a method for quantification using, but not limited to, QPCR, which has the advantage of high throughput. For example, up to 96 samples can be manipulated in a single QPCR experiment using Applied Biosystems® StepOneTM or StepOnePlusTM Real-Time PCR Systems.
  • the method according to an embodiment of the invention is scalable.
  • the method of the invention involves the use of a methylation-specific multiplex QPCR method to analyze a particular DNA content in a subject sample DNA.
  • the present invention can detect the copy number variation of certain chromosomes of the particular DNA (such as T21) while analyzing the specific DNA content in the sample DNA of the subject.
  • methylation marker refers to a nucleic acid fragment whose methylation level is significantly different in nucleic acids of different origins.
  • VIM chrl0 17270431-17272617
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for analyzing a total nucleic acid mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed description of the invention
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality” means two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the nucleic acid mixture analysis method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
  • the present invention provides a method for determining the nucleic acid composition of a total nucleic acid mixture. Wherein the first nucleic acid and the second nucleic acid are included in the total nucleic acid mixture. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:
  • the total nucleic acid mixture is treated with bisulfite to convert the unmethylated cytosine in the total nucleic acid mixture to uracil and to obtain a transformed total nucleic acid mixture.
  • the target region/fragment in the total nucleic acid mixture can also be captured in advance, and the target region/fragment can be subjected to bisulfite treatment.
  • the type of the total nucleic acid mixture which can be used for the treatment and analysis of the method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains different levels of methylation of nucleic acid molecules of various origins, especially for The same sequence may have different levels of methylation.
  • it may be a mixture of fetal DNA and maternal DNA, or a mixture of cancer DNA and non-cancer DNA, thereby being plasma DNA of pregnant women, tissue of tumor patients, plasma Or fecal DNA.
  • the first nucleic acid is fetal DNA
  • the second nucleic acid is pregnant DNA.
  • the total nucleic acid mixture is maternal plasma DNA.
  • the concentration of fetal DNA in the fetal DNA mixture of the pregnant woman can be effectively determined.
  • the first nucleic acid is cancer cell DNA
  • the second nucleic acid is non-cancer DNA
  • the total nucleic acid mixture is tumor patient tissue, plasma or fecal DNA.
  • the method of extracting the DNA mixture from the relevant biological sample is not particularly limited.
  • DNA extraction may be carried out by a conventional DNA extraction method such as salting out, column chromatography, magnetic bead method, SDS method or the like.
  • the magnetic bead method in short, comprises: the blood, the tissue or the cell is subjected to the action of the cell lysate and the proteinase K to obtain a naked DNA molecule, and the specific magnetic beads are used for reversible affinity adsorption of the DNA molecule. After washing with a rinse solution to remove impurities such as proteins and lipids, the DNA molecules are eluted from the magnetic beads with a purification solution.
  • the resulting mixture can be directly subjected to sulfite treatment using sulfite or the target region/fragment in the total nucleic acid mixture can be captured in advance, and the target region/fragment is subjected to heavy sulfite treatment.
  • the treatment of DNA by bisulfite can de-aminolate unmethylated cytosine into uracil, and the methylation-protected cytosine does not change, thereby distinguishing A cytosine cytosine site and an unmethylated cytosine site.
  • it can be effectively used for subsequent analysis of a region containing a methylation site or a non-methylation site.
  • the heavy sulfite treatment can be carried out by any known method. As long as the unmethylated cytosine can be deaminated to be converted into uracil, the methylated cytosine does not change.
  • the relative proportions of the methylated fragment and the unmethylated fragment in the total nucleic acid mixture subjected to the transformation can be analyzed by multiplex PCR. Specifically, multiplex PCR can be performed on the transformed total nucleic acid mixture by using the first amplification primer set and the second amplification primer set to determine methylation amplification products and non-methyl groups for predetermined nucleic acid fragments. The ratio R of the amplified product.
  • predetermined nucleic acid fragment is a nucleic acid fragment which has a difference in methylation level between the first nucleic acid and the second nucleic acid.
  • the first amplification primer set specifically recognizes the transformed predetermined nucleic acid fragment
  • the second amplification primer set specifically recognizes the untransformed predetermined nucleic acid fragment.
  • the predetermined nucleic acid fragment comprises one or more nucleic acid molecules on different chromosomes.
  • the predetermined nucleic acid fragment comprises one or more nucleic acid fragments located on different genes.
  • the predetermined nucleic acid fragment may be at least a part selected from the group consisting of: RASSF1A, SERPINB5, C21orf63, OLIG2, CBR1, SIM2, DSC AM TRPM2, C21orf29, COL18AK AIRE, ERG, CD48, FAIM3, ARHGAP25, BMP3, VIM, NDRG4, TFPI2, SFRP2, SEPT9, SELPLG.
  • the nucleic acid sequence of the predetermined nucleic acid comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of the nucleic acid sequences shown in the following table:
  • nucleic acid sequence described in the above table is described in terms of the position of each chromosome in the genome, for example, the chr3:50378097-50378226 nucleic acid sequence of the RASSF 1A gene, which is represented in the human genome.
  • the nucleic acid sequence of position 50378097 to 50378226 that is, the nucleic acid sequence Li: accagctgccgtgtggggtgcacgcgggccccgcgcgatgcgggggcgttggcacgctccagccgggt gcggcccttcccagcgcccccgggggtgccagctccccgcagcacagagctcaggct (SEQ ID NO: 1) shown below.
  • multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR may be referred to as methylation-specific multiplex QPCR, which is a DNA fragment that simultaneously amplifies methylated and unmethylated methylation markers, and An experimental method for real-time fluorescence quantification of both.
  • QPCR the principle of real-time fluorescence quantification is the probe method.
  • the probe is an oligonucleotide probe with a reporter fluorophore and a quenching fluorophore respectively labeled at both ends.
  • a specific fluorescent probe is added while a pair of primers are added.
  • the fluorescent signal emitted by the reporter group is absorbed by the quenching group; when PCR is amplified, the 5'-3' exonuclease activity of the Taq enzyme degrades the probe, allowing the reporter to fluoresce and quench The fluorophore is separated so that the fluorescence monitoring system can receive the fluorescent signal.
  • each amplification A DNA strand is formed by a fluorescent molecule, and the intensity of the fluorescent signal is proportional to the number of DNA molecules that bind to the probe.
  • two pairs of primers are designed to simultaneously amplify methylated and unmethylated DNA fragments in a methylation marker, and specifically utilize a methylation probe.
  • methylated fragment binds, specifically binds to the unmethylated fragment using a non-methylated probe, thereby allowing relative quantification of the two DNAs.
  • multiplex quantitative PCR further employs methylation-specific probes and non-methylation-specific probes.
  • the efficiency of the real-time PCR can be further improved.
  • the methylation-specific probe and the non-methylation-specific probe respectively carry a label selected from at least one of FAR, JOE and TAMRA. Thereby, the efficiency of the real-time PCR can be further improved.
  • the methylation-specific probe has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the non-methylation-specific probe has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
  • the efficiency of the real-time PCR can be further improved.
  • the methylation specific probe is labeled with FAM and TAMRA.
  • the efficiency of the real-time PCR can be further improved.
  • the non-methylation specific probe is labeled with JOE and TAMRA. Thereby, the efficiency of the real-time PCR can be further improved.
  • the first amplification primer set for the RASSF1A gene comprises: a nucleic acid molecule having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 B SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the second amplification primer set comprises: a nucleic acid molecule having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 and B SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the relative content analysis between different fragments using multiplex quantitative PCR can be carried out by any known method.
  • a 2- ⁇ method, a relative standard curve method, or the like can be employed.
  • the ratio of the methylated fragment to the unmethylated fragment is preferably calculated by the 2- ⁇ method and corrected according to a standard curve.
  • the first two steps may also be performed in parallel or in advance for a specific nucleic acid, such as the first nucleic acid and the second nucleic acid, in order to predetermine the methylation ratio of the predetermined nucleic acid fragment in the first nucleic acid and predetermined
  • the methylation ratio of the nucleic acid fragment in the second nucleic acid is M 2 .
  • determining a methylation ratio of the predetermined nucleic acid fragment in the first nucleic acid is a methylation ratio of the predetermined nucleic acid fragment in the second nucleic acid to M 2 , and determining the predetermined nucleic acid fragment by multiplex quantitative PCR After the ratio R of the amplified product and the unmethylated amplification product, the nucleic acid molecule composition, such as the content of the first nucleic acid or the second nucleic acid, can be effectively determined by data analysis.
  • this step based on the formula , determining the first nucleic acid content 8 in the total nucleic acid mixture.
  • the composition and content of the nucleic acid molecules in the total nucleic acid mixture can be effectively determined.
  • a significant difference in the level of methylation can be selected exist between the first and second nucleic acids, e.g. Mi is at least 10 times 2 M, preferably at least 50-fold, more preferably at least 90 times, further preferably at least 100 times.
  • the efficiency of determining the composition and content of the nucleic acid molecule can be further improved, and since the value of M 2 is small, it can be ignored without affecting the final result, and therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention,
  • the first nucleic acid content ⁇ in the total nucleic acid mixture can be determined based on the formula ⁇ R ⁇ MiR+Mi].
  • the method of determining the composition and content of the nucleic acid molecule in the total nucleic acid mixture can be further simplified, and the efficiency of determining the composition and content of the nucleic acid molecule in the total nucleic acid mixture can be improved.
  • the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, Those who do not specify the specific conditions in the examples are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products that can be obtained through the market.
  • Example 1 Fetal methylation marker sequencing
  • the fetal methylation marker is one or more differential methylation genomic regions.
  • the level of methylation should be significantly different between fetal DNA and maternal DNA, and the difference is small in the population.
  • the methylation level of candidate markers was determined using the bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) method.
  • BSP I motif ⁇ 'J is: a forward bow I GTTGTTTTTTGGTTGTTTTTTT (SEQ ID NO: 2); a reverse bow
  • the methylation level of the BSP product was determined by TA clone sequencing method. Specifically, 30 clones were picked for each sample for Sanger 3730 sequencing.
  • Table 1 The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below, in which the level of methylation of the candidate marker in placental DNA is indicated; m 2 represents the level of methylation of the candidate marker in the leukocyte DNA of pregnant women.
  • Subject samples were subjected to bisulfite treatment using the EZ DNA Methylation-DirectTM Kit.
  • Two pairs of primers were designed for the labeling described in Example 1 for multiplex QPCR, including a pair of methylation-specific primers and a pair of non-methylation-specific primers, specifically amplifying methylated and non-methyl, respectively. DNA fragments.
  • the primer and probe sequences are shown in Table 2 below:
  • Non-methylated specific primer mixture (both ⁇ ) 2
  • the PCR program is set as follows:
  • the ratio of methylated amplification product to unmethylated amplification product was calculated by the 2- ⁇ method and corrected according to the standard curve.
  • the fetal DNA concentration in maternal plasma samples can be effectively quantified using the method of the present invention.
  • quantitative results of fetal DNA concentrations in maternal plasma samples obtained can be further used to detect abnormal chromosome numbers.
  • the fetal DNA concentration calculated from the difference in RASSF1A methylation between the parent and fetus chr3 is used to detect 3
  • the number of chromosomes is abnormal, and ⁇ ⁇ of the sample to be tested and the normal control sample are calculated .
  • the markers on chr21 are selected to quantify the fetal DNA concentration of the sample to be tested and the normal control sample by the method described above, and calculate ⁇ separately.
  • the sample to be tested contains the fetal chr21 tetrasomy. It should be noted that the term "about” as used herein is 10% up and down.
  • the concentration of cancer cell DNA in a plasma DNA sample of a colorectal cancer patient is determined according to the following procedure. Specific steps are as follows:
  • m methylated cytosine number
  • C total cytosine number
  • m methylated clone number/total number of clones.
  • the level of methylation is the level of methylation of DNA in rectal cancer cells.
  • Plasma DNA samples from patients with colorectal cancer were extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit.
  • AGG SEQ ID NO: 15
  • Methylation specific site M-NDRG4-Probe TTTACGCGGGTA (SEQ ID NO:
  • Methylation-specific multiplex QPCR Multiple QPCR using Sigma JumpStartTM Taq DNA Polymerase, in which QPCR is quantified using a probe method, and probes for methylation-specific PCR are labeled with FAM and TAMRA; The probes for the PCR were labeled using JOE and TAMRA.
  • Quantification of cancer cell DNA concentration The ratio of the methylated amplification product to the unmethylated amplification product was calculated by the 2- ⁇ method and corrected according to the standard curve.
  • the corrected ratio (represented by R in the formula) is used to calculate the content of cancerous cell DNA in a cancer sample, where ⁇ is defined as the total number of sample DNA molecules; ⁇ is the content of cancerous cell DNA; 13 ⁇ 4 is the cancer cell DNA The level of base, mi is close to 1, m 2 is the methylation level of non-cancerous cell DNA in the sample, about 0.
  • the method for determining the nucleic acid composition in the total nucleic acid mixture of the present invention can be effectively applied to determine the concentration of fetal DNA in a fetal DNA mixture of a pregnant woman, or the concentration of cancer DNA in a tumor tissue of a tumor patient, and has high accuracy and good repeatability. And can be applied to multiple samples at the same time.

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Abstract

本发明提出了一种确定包含第一核酸和第二核酸的总核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法,包括:1)利用重亚硫酸盐对所述总核酸混合物进行处理,以便将所述总核酸混合物中的非甲基化胞嘧啶转化为尿嘧啶,并获得经过转化的总核酸混合物; 2)利用第一扩增引物组和第二扩增引物组,对所述经过转化的总核酸混合物进行多重荧光定量 PCR;以及3)基于所述预定核酸片段的甲基化扩增产物和非甲基化扩增产物的比例 R,所述预定核酸片段在第一核酸中的甲基化比例为 M1 ,所述预定核酸片段在第二核酸中的甲基化比例为 M2 ,确定总核酸混合物中的核酸组成。

Description

确定核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域, 具体的, 涉及确定核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法, 更具 体的, 涉及一种确定包含第一核酸和第二核酸的总核酸混合物中第一核酸含量的方法。 背景技术
产前诊断, 是指在胎儿出生之前, 应用多种检测手段, 如影像学、 生物化学、 细胞 遗传学及分子生物学等技术, 对胎儿先天性缺陷或遗传性疾病进行诊断, 是最为有效的 降低出生缺陷的方式之一。
自从 1997年有研究发现孕妇外周血中存在胎儿游离 DNA,该项发现则为无创性产 前筛查带来新的机遇。
目前利用孕妇血浆测序检测胎儿染色体非整倍体的方法中,通常是通过对孕妇血浆 中总的游离 DNA进行测序分析, 不区分胎儿和母体 DNA, 而基于显著性检验的原理来 判断胎儿是否为染色体非整倍性变异。 该方法在无创性的三体筛查中具有一定优越性, 但在胎儿 DNA浓度较低的条件下, 则可能由于染色体异常的显著性较低而出现假阴性 结果。
因而, 目前需要对孕妇血浆中胎儿 DNA浓度进行定量, 但手段仍有待改进。
DNA甲基化 (DNA Methylation) 是指在 DNA甲基转移酶的催化下, 在胞嘧啶的 第五位碳原子上加一甲基基团, 使之变成甲基胞嘧啶的化学修饰过程。 这种 DNA甲基 化修饰可以是个体、组织或细胞等具有特异性的, 因此可以根据特定基因的甲基化情况 区分不同来源的 DNA (如胎儿和母体 DNA, 或肿瘤和正常 DNA) , 并对其中某个来 源的 DNA进行定量。
对于癌症早期检测, 特定基因的甲基化由于与癌症的发生发展密切相关, 因此可作 为潜在的早期诊断标志物。 以结直肠癌为例, 又称大肠癌, 包括肿瘤在大肠, 直肠及阑 尾的增生。 在西方世界里, 这是第三个最常见的癌症, 并且第二个导致死亡的癌症。 一 般认为, 许多大肠癌是从大肠里的腺瘤性息肉 (Polyp)所引发的。这些形状与蘑菇相似的 肿瘤一般都是良性的, 但过了一定的时间其中的一些肿瘤会演变成癌症。结肠癌早期还 未发生转移时, 能够通过外科手术进行有效治疗并延长生存期。 因此, 结直肠癌的早期 检测是决定能否成功和完全治愈的一个关键环节。高特异性和高敏感性的标志物对于结 直肠癌的诊断至关重要, 比如血清和排泄物等的 DNA异常高甲基化的定性定量检测, 是一种新兴的具有高潜力的非侵袭性结直肠癌筛查方法。 发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一或至少提供一种有用的商业 选择。为此, 本发明的一个目的在于提出一种能够有效确定包含多种来源核酸的核酸混 合物中核酸组成的方法。
本发明提出了一种确定包含第一核酸和第二核酸的总核酸混合物中核酸组成的方 法, 其中, 所述第一核酸和所述第二核酸来源不同, 可以但不限于是不同个体来源、 不 同组织来源或者不同细胞来源。 根据本发明的实施例, 该方法包括: 1 ) 利用重亚硫酸 盐对所述总核酸混合物进行处理,以便将所述总核酸混合物中的非甲基化胞嘧啶转化为 尿嘧啶, 并获得经过转化的总核酸混合物; 2 )利用第一扩增引物组和第二扩增引物组, 对所述经过转化的总核酸混合物进行多重荧光定量 PCR, 以便捕获扩增预定核酸片段, 获得所述预定核酸片段的甲基化扩增产物和非甲基化扩增产物的比例 R, 其中, 所述第 一核酸和所述第二核酸均含有所述预定核酸片段,所述第一核酸中的预定核酸片段和所 述第二核酸中的预定核酸片段的甲基化水平存在差异,所述第一扩增引物组特异性识别 经过转化的预定核酸片段, 所述第二扩增引物组特异性识别未经转化的预定核酸片段, 并且预先确定所述预定核酸片段在第一核酸中的甲基化比例为 所述预定核酸片段 在第二核酸中的甲基化比例为 M2 ; 以及 3 ) 基于所述预定核酸片段的甲基化扩增产物 和非甲基化扩增产物的比例 R, 所述预定核酸片段在第一核酸中的甲基化比例为 所述预定核酸片段在第二核酸中的甲基化比例为 M2,确定总核酸混合物中的核酸组成。
根据本发明的实施例, 重亚硫酸盐对 DNA进行处理, 可以使非甲基化的胞嘧啶脱 氨基而转化成尿嘧啶, 而受甲基化保护的胞嘧啶不发生改变, 从而能够区分甲基化胞嘧 啶位点以及非甲基化胞嘧啶位点。 进一步, 经过 PCR后, 原来的甲基化胞嘧啶保持不 变, 而重亚硫酸盐处理得到的尿嘧啶将全部转化为胸腺嘧啶。 因此, 经过重亚硫酸盐处 理后的 DNA, 可通过设计甲基化特异性或非甲基化特异性 PCR的引物, 特异性地扩增 其甲基化片段或非甲基化片段。由于甲基化片段和非甲基化片段的数目与不同来源核酸 分子的组成比例相关, 因而, 利用本发明的方法, 能够有效地确定核酸组合物中不同来 源的核酸分子的组成, 例如第一核酸或第二核酸的含量。
根据本发明的实施例, 上述方法还可以具有下列附加技术特征:
在本发明的实施例中, 所述第一核酸为胎儿 DNA, 所述第二核酸为孕妇 DNA。 可 选的, 所述总核酸混合物为孕妇血浆 DNA。 由此, 可以有效地确定孕妇胎儿 DNA混合 物中胎儿 DNA的浓度。 在本发明的另一些实施例中, 所述第一核酸为癌细胞 DNA, 所 述第二核酸为非癌细胞 DNA, 可选的, 所述总核酸混合物为肿瘤患者组织、 血浆或粪 便 DNA。 由此, 可以对肿瘤患者癌组织的甲基化水平进行分析。
在本发明的实施例中, 在步骤 3 ) 中, 基于公式 ε = ( M2+RM2-R )
/[R(M2-M1)-(M1-M2)] , 确定总核酸混合物中的第一核酸含量 ε。 由此, 可以有效地确定 总核酸混合物中核酸分子的组成和含量。
在本发明的实施例中, M1为M2的至少 10倍, 优选至少 50倍, 更优选至少 90倍, 进一步优选至少 100倍。 由此, 可以进一步提高确定核酸分子组成和含量的效率。
在本发明的实施例中, 在步骤 3 ) 中, 基于公式 ε R/tMiR+Mi] , 确定总核酸混合 物中的第一核酸含量 ε。 由此, 可以进一步简化确定总核酸混合物中核酸分子的组成和 含量的方法, 并提高确定总核酸混合物中核酸分子的组成和含量的效率。
在本发明的实施例中,所述预定核酸片段包括一个或者多个位于不同染色体上的核 酸片段。
在本发明的实施例中,所述预定核酸片段包括一个或者多个位于不同基因上的核酸 片段。 在本发明的实施例中, 所述预定核酸片段为选自下列基因的至少一部分: RASSF1A、 SERPINB5、 C21orf63、 OLIG2、 CBR1、 SIM2、 DSC AM TRPM2、 C21orf29、 COL18AK AIRE、 ERG、 CD48、 FAIM3、 ARHGAP25、 BMP3、 VIM、 NDRG4、 TFPI2、 SFRP2、 SEPT9、 SELPLG。 由此, 可以有效地应用于产前和肿瘤分析。 根据本发明的 实施例, 针对各基因, 所述预定核酸片段包括选自下表所示核酸序列的至少一种:
Figure imgf000005_0001
由此, 可以有效地确定孕妇胎儿 DNA混合物中胎儿 DNA的浓度, 或肿瘤患者肿 瘤组织中癌细胞与非癌细胞 DNA混合物中癌细胞 DNA的浓度。在本发明的实施例中, 针对 RASSF1A基因, 所述第一扩增引物组包括: 具有 SEQ ID NO:7和 SEQ ID NO: 8 所示序列的核酸分子。 由此, 可以有效地确定孕妇胎儿 DNA混合物中胎儿 DNA的浓 度, 或肿瘤组织中癌细胞与非癌细胞 DNA混合物中癌细胞 DNA的浓度。
在本发明的实施例中, 针对 RASSF1A基因, 所述第二扩增引物组包括: 具有 SEQ
ID NO :4 SEQ ID NO: 5所示序列的核酸分子。 由此, 可以有效地确定孕妇胎儿 DNA 混合物中胎儿 DNA的浓度,或肿瘤组织中癌细胞与非癌细胞 DNA混合物中癌细胞 DNA 的浓度。
在本发明的实施例中, 所述多重荧光定量 PCR进一步采用甲基化特异性探针和非 甲基化特异性探针。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效率。 在本发明的实施例中,所述甲基化特异性探针和非甲基化特异性探针分别携带选自 FAR, JOE和 TAMRA的至少之一的标记。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效 在本发明的实施例中, 所述甲基化特异性探针具有 SEQ ID NO: 6所示的序列, 所 述非甲基化特异性探针具有 SEQ ID NO: 9所示的序列。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定 量 PCR的效率。
在本发明的实施例中, 所述甲基化特异性探针被 FAM和 TAMRA标记。 由此, 可 以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效率。 在本发明的实施例中, 所述非甲基化特异性探针 被 JOE和 TAMRA标记。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效率。
由此, 根据本发明的方法至少具有下列优点之一:
1、 利用根据本发明实施例的方法, 能够用甲基化特异性多重 QPCR方法分析受试 者样本 DNA中特定 DNA含量;
2、 根据本发明实施例的方法快速简便。 根据本发明实施例的方法, 步骤较少 实际涉及的操作仅包括 DNA提取、 重亚硫酸盐处理和定量 PCR ( QPCR) 三种操作。 操作简便性使之适用于各种临床检测 (如检测孕妇血浆中的胎儿 DNA量, 或肿瘤患者 样本中的肿瘤细胞 DNA含量等) ; 操作快速性使之可能成为各种临床检测 (如无创产 前诊断) 的质控环节。
3、 根据本发明实施例的方法具有高通量。 本发明涉及一种利用 (但不限于) QPCR 进行定量的方法, 具有高通量的优点。 例如, 使用 Applied Biosystems® StepOne™或 StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR Systems, 在一次 QPCR实验中可操作高达 96个样品。
4、 根据本发明实施例的方法具有可扩展性。 本发明的方法涉及利用甲基化特异性 多重 QPCR方法分析受试者样本 DNA中特定 DNA含量。 例如, 当使用多个 (不同染 色体上的) 甲基化标记时, 本发明可在分析受试者样本 DNA中特定 DNA含量的同时, 检测该特定 DNA某些染色体的拷贝数变异 (如 T21 ) 。 其中, 需要说明的是, 本文中 所使用的术语 "甲基化标记 "是指其甲基化水平在不同来源的核酸中具有显著性差异的 核酸片段。前面提到的 RASSF1A、 SERPINB5、 C21orf63、 OLIG2、 CBR1、 SIM2、 DSCAM、 TRPM2、 C21orf29、 C0L18A1、 AIRE、 ERG、 CD48、 FAIM3 ARHGAP25、 BMP3、 VIM、 NDRG4、 TFPI2、 SFRP2、 SEPT9和 SELPLG基因的至少一部分, 以及下表中所 列出的核酸片段均可丁以作为 "甲基化标记" 。
基因 核酸序列
RASSF1A chr3:50378097-50378226
AIRE chr21 :45703903-45704111
SIM2 chr21 :38078780-38079213
ERG chr21 :39878777-39879107
CD48 chrl : 160681560-160681732 FAIM3 chrl :207096473-207096654
ARHGAP25 chr2:69001823-69002052
SELPLG chrl2: 109028663-109028901
BMP3 chr4:81951942-81952808
VIM chrl0: 17270431-17272617
NDRG4 chrl6:58497034-58498595
TFPI2 chr7:93519367-93520184
SFRP2 chr4: 154709513-154710827
SEPT9 chrl7:75368689-75370506
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得 明显, 或通过本发明的实践了解到。 附图说明
本发明的上述和 /或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明 显和容易理解, 其中:
图 1是根据本发明的一个实施例的总核酸混合物分析方法的流程示意图。 发明详细描述
下面详细描述本发明的实施例, 所述实施例的示例在附图中示出, 其中自始至终相 同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附 图描述的实施例是示例性的, 旨在用于解释本发明, 而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
术语 "第一" 、 "第二 "仅用于描述目的, 而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或 者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。 由此, 限定有 "第一" 、 "第二" 的特征可以明 示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。 在本发明的描述中, "多个"的含义是两个 或两个以上, 除非另有明确具体的限定。
下面参考图 1, 对本发明的核酸混合物分析方法进行详细描述。
如图 1所示, 本发明提出了一种确定总核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法。 其中, 总核 酸混合物中包括第一核酸和第二核酸。 具体的, 该方法包括下列步骤:
S100 重亚硫酸盐处理
在该步骤中, 利用重亚硫酸盐对总核酸混合物进行处理, 以便将总核酸混合物中的 非甲基化胞嘧啶转化为尿嘧啶, 并获得经过转化的总核酸混合物。 进行该步骤时, 也可 根据需要, 预先对总核酸混合物中目标区域 /片段进行捕获, 再对目标区域 /片段进行重 亚硫酸盐处理。
根据本发明的实施例,可以用于本发明方法进行处理和分析的总核酸混合物的类型 并不受特别限制, 只要其所包含的各种来源的核酸分子的甲基化水平不同, 尤其是针对 相同的序列存在不同的甲基化水平即可。例如,根据本发明的实施例,可以为胎儿 DNA 与孕妇 DNA的混合物, 也可以是癌细胞 DNA与非癌细胞 DNA的混合物, 由此, 可以 为孕妇血浆 DNA, 也可以是肿瘤患者组织、 血浆或粪便 DNA。 具体的, 在本发明的实 施例中, 所述第一核酸为胎儿 DNA, 所述第二核酸为孕妇 DNA。 可选的, 所述总核酸 混合物为孕妇血浆 DNA。 由此, 可以有效地确定孕妇胎儿 DNA混合物中胎儿 DNA的 浓度。 在本发明的另一些实施例中, 所述第一核酸为癌细胞 DNA, 所述第二核酸为非 癌细胞 DNA, 所述总核酸混合物为肿瘤患者组织、 血浆或粪便 DNA。 由此, 可以对肿 瘤患者癌组织的甲基化水平进行分析。
根据本发明的实施例, 从相关生物样品提取 DNA混合物的方法并不受特别限制, 例如, DNA的提取可以采用盐析法、 柱层析法、 磁珠法、 SDS法等常规 DNA提取方 法。 其中, 优选磁珠法, 简言之, 包括: 血液、 组织或细胞经过细胞裂解液和蛋白酶 K 的作用后得到裸露的 DNA分子, 利用特异性的磁珠对 DNA分子进行可逆性的亲和吸 附, 经漂洗液清洗除去蛋白质、 脂质等杂质后, 用纯化液将 DNA分子从磁珠上洗脱下 来。
在获得总核酸混合物之后,可以利用亚硫酸盐对所得到的混合物直接进行亚硫酸盐 处理或预先对总核酸混合物中目标区域 /片段进行捕获, 再对目标区域 /片段进行重亚硫 酸盐处理。 根据本发明的实施例, 重亚硫酸盐对 DNA进行处理, 可以使非甲基化的胞 嘧啶脱氨基而转化成尿嘧啶, 而受甲基化保护的胞嘧啶不发生改变, 从而能够区分甲基 化胞嘧啶位点以及非甲基化胞嘧啶位点。 由此, 可以有效地用于后续分析包含甲基化位 点或非甲基化位点的区域。根据本发明的实施例, 可以采用任何已知的方法进行重亚硫 酸盐处理。只要能够将可以使非甲基化的胞嘧啶脱氨基而转化成尿嘧啶, 而受甲基化保 护的胞嘧啶不发生改变即可。
S200 多重定量 PCR
在利用重亚硫酸盐完成对核酸混合物的转换处理之后, 可以通过多重 PCR对经过 转化处理的总核酸混合物中甲基化片段和非甲基化片段的相对比例进行分析。 具体的, 可以通过利用第一扩增引物组和第二扩增引物组,对经过转化的总核酸混合物进行多重 荧光定量 PCR, 以便确定针对预定核酸片段, 甲基化扩增产物和非甲基化扩增产物的 比例 R。
在本发明中所使用的术语"预定核酸片段 "是这样的一种核酸片段,其在第一核酸和 第二核酸之间存在甲基化水平差异。根据本发明的实施例, 第一扩增引物组特异性识别 经过转化的预定核酸片段, 第二扩增引物组特异性识别未经转化的预定核酸片段。
在本发明的实施例中,所述预定核酸片段包括一个或者多个位于不同染色体上的核 酸分子。
在本发明的实施例中,所述预定核酸片段包括一个或者多个位于不同基因上的核酸 片段。 根据本发明的实施例, 预定核酸片段可以为选自下列基因的至少一部分: RASSF1A、 SERPINB5、 C21orf63、 OLIG2、 CBR1、 SIM2、 DSC AM TRPM2、 C21orf29、 COL18AK AIRE、 ERG、 CD48、 FAIM3、 ARHGAP25、 BMP3、 VIM、 NDRG4、 TFPI2、 SFRP2、 SEPT9、 SELPLG。 由此, 可以有效地确定孕妇胎儿 DNA混合物中胎儿 DNA 的浓度, 或肿瘤组织中癌细胞与非癌细胞 DNA混合物中癌细胞 DNA的浓度。 根据本 发明的实施例, 针对各基因, 所述预定核酸的核酸序列包括选自下表所示核酸序列的至 少一种:
Figure imgf000009_0001
本领域技术人员能够理解,上表中所采用的核酸序列描述方式是按照序列在基因组 各染色体的位置而描述的, 例如 RASSF 1A基因的 chr3 :50378097-50378226核酸序列, 表示在人基因组第 3条染色体上, 50378097位至 50378226位的核酸序列, 即如下所示 的核酸序歹 Li : accagctgccgtgtggggttgcacgcggtgccccgcgcgatgcgcagcgcgttggcacgctccagccgggt gcggcccttcccagcgcgcccagcgggtgccagctcccgcagctcaatgagctcaggct ( SEQ ID NO : 1 ) 。
在本文中,所使用的术语"多重荧光定量 PCR"可以称为甲基化特异性多重 QPCR, 是一种可同时扩增甲基化标记中甲基化和非甲基化的 DNA片段, 并对两者进行实时荧 光定量的实验方法。 在 QPCR 中, 实时荧光定量原理为探针法, 探针是一种两端分别 标记一个报告荧光基团和一个淬灭荧光基团的寡核苷酸探针。 PCR 扩增时, 在加入一 对引物的同时加入一个该特异性的荧光探针。探针完整时, 报告基团发射的荧光信号被 淬灭基团吸收; PCR扩增时, Taq酶的 5 '-3 '外切酶活性将探针酶切降解, 使报告荧光 基团和淬灭荧光基团分离, 从而荧光监测系统可接收到荧光信号。 经 PCR后, 每扩增 一条 DNA链, 就有一个荧光分子形成, 则荧光信号强度与结合探针的 DNA分子数目 成正比。 如前所述, 在本发明的多重 QPCR 中, 设计两对引物使其同时扩增甲基化标 记中甲基化和非甲基化的 DNA片段, 并利用甲基化探针特异性地与甲基化片段结合、 利用非甲基化探针特异性地与非甲基化片段结合, 从而对两种 DNA进行相对定量。 由 此, 在本发明的实施例中, 多重荧光定量 PCR进一步采用甲基化特异性探针和非甲基 化特异性探针。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效率。 在本发明的实施例中, 所述甲基化特异性探针和非甲基化特异性探针分别携带选自 FAR、 JOE和 TAMRA的 至少之一的标记。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效率。 在本发明的实施例中, 所述甲基化特异性探针具有 SEQ ID NO: 6所示的序列, 所述非甲基化特异性探针具有 SEQ ID NO: 9所示的序列。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效率。 在本发明的 实施例中, 所述甲基化特异性探针被 FAM和 TAMRA标记。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧 光定量 PCR的效率。在本发明的实施例中,所述非甲基化特异性探针被 JOE和 TAMRA 标记。 由此, 可以进一步提高荧光定量 PCR的效率。
在本发明的实施例中, 针对 RASSF1A基因, 优选第一扩增引物组包括: 具有 SEQ ID N0:7 B SEQ ID N0: 8所示序列的核酸分子。 针对 RASSF1A基因, 优选, 第二扩 增引物组包括: 具有 SEQ ID N0:4禾 B SEQ ID N0: 5所示序列的核酸分子。 由此, 可以 有效地确定孕妇胎儿 DNA混合物中胎儿 DNA的浓度。
利用多重定量 PCR进行不同片段之间的相对含量分析,可以采用任何已知的方法。 例如, 可以采用 2- ΔΔα法以及相对标准曲线法等。 在本发明中, 优选利用 2- ΔΔα法计算 甲基化片段和非甲基化片段的比例并根据标准曲线进行校正。
根据本发明的实施例, 还可以针对特定核酸, 例如第一核酸和第二核酸, 平行或者 预先进行前面两个步骤,以便预先确定预定核酸片段在第一核酸中的甲基化比例为 以及预定核酸片段在第二核酸中的甲基化比例为 M2
S300: 核酸分子组成分析
由于甲基化片段和非甲基化片段的数目与不同来源核酸分子的组成比例相关。 由 此, 在确定预定核酸片段在第一核酸中的甲基化比例为 预定核酸片段在第二核酸 中的甲基化比例为 M2,并且通过多重荧光定量 PCR确定所述预定核酸片段的甲基化扩 增产物和非甲基化扩增产物的比例 R之后, 可以有效地通过数据分析, 确定核酸分子 组成, 例如第一核酸或第二核酸的含量。
根据本发明的实施例,在该步骤中,基于公式
Figure imgf000010_0001
, 确定总核酸混合物中的第一核酸含量8。 由此, 可以有效地确定总核酸混合物中核酸分 子的组成和含量。
在本发明的实施例中,可以选用在第一核酸和第二核酸之间存在甲基化水平显著差 异的预定核酸片段, 例如 Mi为 M2的至少 10倍, 优选至少 50倍, 更优选至少 90倍, 进一步优选至少 100倍。 由此, 可以进一步提高确定核酸分子组成和含量的效率, 并且 由于 M2的数值较小, 可以忽略不计, 而不影响最终结果, 因此, 在本发明的实施例中, 在该步骤中, 可以基于公式 ^R^MiR+Mi] , 确定总核酸混合物中的第一核酸含量 ε。 由此, 可以进一步简化确定总核酸混合物中核酸分子的组成和含量的方法, 并提高确定 总核酸混合物中核酸分子的组成和含量的效率。 下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理 解, 下列实施例仅用于说明本发明, 而不应视为限定本发明的范围。 实施例中未注明具 体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者, 均为可以通过市场获得的常规产品。
实施例 1 : 胎儿甲基化标记测序
首先, 需要说明的是, 胎儿甲基化标记是一个或多个差异性甲基化基因组区域
( Differentially Methylated Genomic Regions),其甲基化水平应在胎儿 DNA和母体 DNA 中具有显著差异, 且在人群中差异较小。
本实施例中, 选取 9对胎盘 DNA-孕妇白细胞 DNA样本, 针对候选胎儿甲基化标 记, 即 RASSF1A基因上的一段区域 ( chr3 :50378097-50378226, SEQ ID NO: 1 ) , 测 定其甲基化水平并评估其甲基化水平的个体差异。 具体方法如下:
采用重亚硫酸盐测序 PCR ( BSP) 方法测定候选标记的甲基化水平。 具体地, BSP 弓 I物序歹 'J为: 正向弓 I物 GTTGTTTTTTGGTTGTTTTTTT ( SEQ ID NO: 2) ; 反向弓 |物 CCTACACCCAAATTTCCATTAC ( SEQ ID NO: 3 ) 。 然后, 采用 TA克隆测序方法测 定 BSP产物的甲基化水平。 具体地, 对每个样本挑取 30个克隆进行 Sanger 3730测序。 接着, 按照 m=甲基化胞嘧啶数目 (mC ) /总胞嘧啶数(C )计算该候选标记在胎盘 DNA 和孕妇白细胞 DNA中的甲基化水平。 实验结果如下表 1所示, 其中, 表示该候选标 记在胎盘 DNA中的甲基化水平; m2表示该候选标记在孕妇白细胞 DNA中的甲基化水 平。
表 1 候选标记的甲基化水平
样品 mi m2
1 82.60% 0.90%
2 87.50% 0.20%
3 92.80% 0.40%
4 92.90% 0.20%
5 91.60% 0.00%
6 95.20% 0.40%
7 94.40% 0.80%
8 93.50% 0.20%
9 84.80% 0.20%
平均值 90.59% 0.37% 实施例 2: 胎儿 DNA浓度定量
利用 QIAamp DNA Mini Kit提取 6例孕妇血浆样本, 基于实施例 1中确定的 1¾和 m2的值, 测定样本中胎儿 DNA的浓度。 具体步骤如下:
( 1 ) 重亚硫酸盐处理
利用 EZ DNA Methylation-Direct™ Kit对受试者样本 DNA进行重亚硫酸盐处理。
( 2 ) 甲基化特异性的引物设计
针对实施例 1所述的标记设计两对引物以用于多重 QPCR,包括一对甲基化特异性 引物和一对非甲基化特异性引物, 分别特异地扩增甲基化和非甲基化 DNA片段。 所述 引物和探针序列如下表 2所示:
表 2 引物和探针序列
Figure imgf000012_0002
( 3 ) 甲基化特异性多重 QPCR
利用 Sigma Jump Start™ Taq DNA Polymerase进行多重 QPCR, 其中 QPCR定量使 用探针法, 甲基化特异性 PCR的探针使用 FAM和 TAMRA标记;非甲基化特异性 PCR 的探针使用
Figure imgf000012_0001
甲基化特异性引物混合物 (均为 ΙΟμΜ) 2
非甲基化特异性引物混合物 (均为 ΙΟμΜ) 2
Jump Start 聚合酶 (2.5U/ L) 1
模板 1 1.75
总计 25
注: *表示该组分可加可不加
PCR程序设置如下:
Figure imgf000013_0002
( 4 ) 胎儿 DNA浓度定量
利用 2- ΔΔα法计算甲基化扩增产物和非甲基化扩增产物的比例并根据标准曲线进行 校正。 所得校正后的比例 (公式中以 R代表) 用于计算孕妇血浆样本中的胎儿 DNA的 含量, 其中, 定义 Ν为孕妇血浆样本 DNA中分子总数; ε为胎儿 DNA的含量; mi为 胎儿 DNA的甲基化水平, 1¾=90.59% ; 1¾为孕妇白细胞 DNA的甲基化水平, m2=0.37% 甲基化 DNA数量
则 R
非甲基化 DNA数量
(公式 1 ) 。 特别地, 由于 m2-0, 因此 ε的计算可简化为: ε -- (公式 2) 。 计
Figure imgf000013_0001
算结果如下表 3所示:
表 3 孕妇血浆样本中胎儿 DNA浓度
Figure imgf000013_0003
由此, 利用本发明的方法可以有效定量孕妇血浆样本中胎儿 DNA浓度。 此外, 获 得的孕妇血浆样本中胎儿 DNA浓度定量结果可以进一步用来检测染色体数目异常。 如 以上述母体和胎儿 chr3的 RASSF1A甲基化差异计算得的胎儿 DNA浓度, 用以检测 3 号染色体数目异常, 计算待测样本和正常对照样本的 εεΜ, 当待测样本 对照样本 ε 3=大约 1.5时, 可判断待测样本含有胎儿 chr3三体; 类似地, 当待测样本 sehl3 : 对 照样本 ε 3=大约 2时, 可判断待测样本含有胎儿 chr3四体。
同样的,以 21号染色体数目异常检测为例,选取 chr21上的标记物(如 AIRE、SIM2、 ERG等)利用前面所述的方法对待测样本和正常对照样本进行胎儿 DNA浓度定量, 分 别计算 ε 21, 当待测样本 ε 21 : 对照样本 „21=大约 1.5时, 可判断待测样本含有胎儿 Chr21三体; 类似地, 当待测样本 hr21 : 对照样本 ε 21=大约 2时, 可判断待测样本含 有胎儿 chr21四体。 需要说明的是, 本文中所使用的术语 "大约" 为上下浮动 10%。 实施例 3:
根据本发明的方法, 按照以下步骤, 确定结直肠癌患者的血浆 DNA样本中癌细胞 DNA的浓度。 具体步骤如下:
( 1 )预定核酸片段测序: 采取结直肠癌细胞 DNA和正常细胞 DNA样本, 针对位 于结直肠癌特异甲基化基因 SEPT9、 NDRG4和 TFPI2上的预定核酸片段, 首先, 采用 重亚硫酸盐测序 PCR ( BSP) 方法获得 BSP产物; 然后, 采用 TA克隆测序方法测定 BSP产物的甲基化水平。 具体地, 对每个样本挑取 30个克隆进行 Sanger 3730测序。接 着, 按照 m=甲基化胞嘧啶数目 (mC ) /总胞嘧啶数 (C) 或者 m=甲基化克隆数 /总克隆 数计算该预定核酸片段在直肠癌细胞 DNA和正常细胞 DNA中的甲基化水平。 为直 肠癌细胞 DNA的甲基化水平, m2为正常细胞 DNA的甲基化水平。
( 2 )样本提取: 利用 QIAamp DNA Mini Kit提取结直肠癌患者的血浆 DNA样本。
( 3 ) 重亚硫酸盐处理: 利用 EZ DNA Methylation-Direct™ Kit对受试者血浆 DN A 样本进行重亚硫酸盐处理。
( 4 ) 特异甲基化引物设计: 针对 3 个结直肠癌特异甲基化基因 SEPT9、 NDRG4 和 TFPI2, 分别针对每个基因各设计两对引物以用于多重 QPCR, 包括一对甲基化特异 性引物和一对非甲基化特异性引物, 分别特异地扩增甲基化和非甲基化 DNA 片段。 3 个基因对应的引物和探针序列如下表 4所示: 表 4 引物和探针序列
引物或探针类型 ID 序列
TATTAGTTATTATGTCGGATTTC
甲基化特异性引物 -正向 SEPT9-M-F
GC ( SEQ ID NO: 10)
GCCTAAATTAAAAATCCCGTC
甲基化特异性引物 -反向 SEPT9-M-R
( SEQ ID NO: 1 1 )
TGGAGAGGATTTTGCGGGTGGG
甲基化特异性位点 M-SEPT9-Probe
TTT ( SEQ ID NO: 12) 非甲基化特异性引物-正 ATTAGTTATTATGTTGGATTTTG
SEPT9-U-F
向 TGG ( SEQ ID NO: 13 ) 非甲基化特异性引物-反 AAAACACCTAAATTAAAAATCC
SEPT9-U-R
向 CATC ( SEQ ID NO: 14)
TGTGGTTGTGGATGTGTTGGAG
非甲基化特异性位点 U-SEPT9-Probe
AGG ( SEQ ID NO: 15 )
TTTAGGTTCGGTATCGTTTCGC
甲基化特异性引物 -正向 NDRG4-M-F
G ( SEQ ID NO: 16 )
CGAACTAAAAACGATACGCCG
甲基化特异性引物 -反向 NDRG4-M-R
( SEQ ID NO: 17)
TCGAGCGTTTATATTCGTTAAA
甲基化特异性位点 M-NDRG4-Probe TTTACGCGGGTA ( SEQ ID NO:
18 )
非甲基化特异性引物-正 GATTAGTTTTAGGTTTGGTATT
NDRG4-U-F
向 GTTTTGT ( SEQ ID NO: 19) 非甲基化特异性引物-反 AAAACCAAACTAAAAACAATA
NDRG4-U-R
向 CACCA ( SEQ ID NO: 20)
TTGAGTGTTTATATTTGTTAAAT
非甲基化特异性位点 U-NDRG4-Probe TTATGTGGGTATGTTTTTG ( SEQ
ID NO: 21 )
TCGTTGGGTAAGGCGTTC
甲基化特异性引物 -正向 TFPI2-M-F
( SEQ ID NO: 22)
AAACGAACACCCGAACCG
甲基化特异性引物 -反向 TFPI2-M-R
( SEQ ID NO: 23 )
AAAGCGTTTGGCGGGAGGAGG
甲基化特异性位点 M-TFPI2-Probe
T ( SEQ ID NO: 24) 非甲基化特异性引物-正 TGGTTTGTTGGGTAAGGTGTTT
TFPI2-U-F
向 ( SEQ ID NO: 25 ) 非甲基化特异性引物-反 ATAAACAAACACCCAAACCACC
TFPI2-U-R
向 ( SEQ ID NO: 26)
AAGTGTTTGGTGGGAGGAGGTG
非甲基化特异性位点 U-TFPI2-Probe
TGTGGT ( SEQ ID NO: 27 )
( 5 ) 甲基化特异性多重 QPCR: 利用 Sigma JumpStart™ Taq DNA Polymerase进行 多重 QPCR, 其中 QPCR 定量使用探针法, 甲基化特异性 PCR 的探针使用 FAM 和 TAMRA标记; 非甲基化特异性 PCR的探针使用 JOE和 TAMRA标记。 ( 6 )癌细胞 DNA浓度定量: 利用 2- ΔΔα法计算甲基化扩增产物和非甲基化扩增产 物的比例并根据标准曲线进行校正。 所得校正后的比例 (公式中以 R代表) 用于计算 癌症样本中的癌变细胞 DNA的含量, 其中, 定义 Ν为样本 DNA分子总数; ε为癌变 细胞 DNA的含量; 1¾为癌变细胞 DNA的甲基化水平, mi接近 1, m2为样本中非癌变 细胞 DNA的甲基化水平, 约为 0。
甲基化 DNA数量 _ Νεη^ + Ν - ε)!^
进 一 步 地 R 从 而 非甲基化 DNA数量 + 胞的 DNA含量进行定: 特别地, 由于 m2-0, 因此 ε的计算可简化为: ε (公式 2 ) 。 由此, 可计算
Figure imgf000016_0001
获得结直肠癌患者血浆 DNA样本中癌变细胞的 DNA含量。 工业实用性
本发明的确定总核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法, 能够有效地应用于确定孕妇胎儿 DNA 混合物中胎儿 DNA的浓度, 或肿瘤患者肿瘤组织中癌细胞 DNA的浓度, 并且准确度高、 可重复性好, 且能够同时应用于多个样本。 尽管本发明的具体实施方式已经得到详细的描述, 本领域技术人员将会理解。 根据已 经公开的所有教导, 可以对那些细节进行各种修改和替换, 这些改变均在本发明的保护范 围之内。 本发明的全部范围由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。
在本说明书的描述中, 参考术语"一个实施例"、 "一些实施例"、 "示意性实施例"、 "示 例"、 "具体示例"、 或 "一些示例"等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、 结 构、 材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。 在本说明书中, 对上述术语 的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。 而且, 描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或 者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种确定包含第一核酸和第二核酸的总核酸混合物中核酸组成的方法, 其中, 所述 第一核酸和所述第二核酸来源不同, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
1 ) 利用重亚硫酸盐对所述总核酸混合物进行处理, 以便将所述总核酸混合物中的非甲 基化胞嘧啶转化为尿嘧啶, 并获得经过转化的总核酸混合物;
2) 利用第一扩增引物组和第二扩增引物组, 对所述经过转化的总核酸混合物进行多重 荧光定量 PCR, 以便捕获扩增预定核酸片段, 获得所述预定核酸片段的甲基化扩增产物和 非甲基化扩增产物的比例 R,其中,所述第一核酸和所述第二核酸均含有所述预定核酸片段, 所述第一核酸中的预定核酸片段和所述第二核酸中的预定核酸片段的甲基化水平存在差 异, 所述第一扩增引物组特异性识别经过转化的预定核酸片段, 所述第二扩增引物组特异 性识别未经转化的预定核酸片段, 并且预先确定所述预定核酸片段在第一核酸中的甲基化 比例为 所述预定核酸片段第二核酸中的甲基化比例为 M2 ; 以及
3 ) 基于所述预定核酸片段的甲基化扩增产物和非甲基化扩增产物的比例 R, 所述预定 核酸片段在第一核酸中的甲基化比例为 所述预定核酸片段在第二核酸中的甲基化比例 为 M2, 确定总核酸混合物中的核酸组成。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述总核酸混合物为孕妇血浆 DNA, 所 述第一核酸为胎儿 DNA, 所述第二核酸为孕妇 DNA。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第一核酸为癌细胞 DNA, 所述第二 核酸为非癌细胞 DNA。
4、根据权利要求 1所示的方法,其特征在于,在步骤 3 )中,基于公式 ε = (M2+RM2-R) /[RiMj-M -iMi-Mj)], 确定总核酸混合物中的第一核酸含量 ε。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, M1为M2的至少 10倍, 优选至少 50倍, 更优选至少 90倍, 进一步优选至少 100倍。
6、根据权利要求 5所示的方法,其特征在于,在步骤 3 )中,基于公式 ε Γ^Μ^+Μ 确定总核酸混合物中的第一核酸含量 ε。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述预定核酸片段包括一个或者多个位 于不同染色体上的核酸片段。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述预定核酸片段包括一个或者多个位 于不同基因上的核酸片段。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述预定核酸片段为选自下列基因的至 少一部分:
RASSF1A、 SERPINB5、 C21orf63、 OLIG2、 CBR1、 SIM2、 DSCAM、 TRPM2、 C21or£29、 COL18AK AIRE、 ERG、 CD48、 FAIM3、 ARHGAP25、 BMP3、 VIM、 NDRG4、 TFPI2、 SFRP2、 SEPT9、 SELPLG。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 针对各基因, 所述预定核酸片段包括 选自下表所示核酸序列的至少一种:
Figure imgf000018_0001
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 针对 RASSF1A基因, 所述第一扩增引 物组包括:
具有 SEQ ID NO: 7禾 B SEQ ID NO: 8所示序列的核酸分子。
12、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 针对 RASSF1A基因, 所述第二扩增引 物组包括:
具有 SEQ ID NO: 4禾 B SEQ ID NO: 5所示序列的核酸分子。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述多重荧光定量 PCR进一步采用甲 基化特异性探针和非甲基化特异性探针。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述甲基化特异性探针和非甲基化特 异性探针分别携带选自 FAR、 JOE和 TAMRA的至少之一的标记。
15、根据权利要求 13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述甲基化特异性探针具有 SEQ ID NO: 6所示的序列, 所述非甲基化特异性探针具有 SEQ ID NO: 9所示的序列。
16、 根据权利要求 15 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述甲基化特异性探针被 FAM 和 TAMRA标记。
17、 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述非甲基化特异性探针被 JOE和 TAMRA标记。
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