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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C217/46—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and unsaturated
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/38—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D223/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D223/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
  • C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D241/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
  • C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D279/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
  • C07D279/12—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines not condensed with other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/004—Surface-active compounds containing F
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
  • C11D7/5018—Halogenated solvents

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to hydrofluoroether compounds and methods of making and using the same. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to olefin-type hydrofluoroether compounds containing nitrogen atoms, and methods of making and using the same.
• hydrofluoroether compound represented by the following general formula (I) is provided.
• Rfi and Rf 2 are independently linear or branched perfluoroalkyl groups having with 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally comprise at least one catenated heteroatom, or Rfi and Rf 2 are bonded together to form a ring structure having 4-6 carbon atoms and optionally comprise one or more catenated heteroatoms.
• Y is CF 2 or a single bond.
• Rh is a linear or a branched alkyl group having with 1-3 carbon atoms and optionally comprises at least one catenated heteroatom. If Rfi and Rf 2 are bonded together to form a ring structure comprising a nitrogen heteroatom, said nitrogen heteroatom is tertiary and is bonded to a perfluoroalkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms.
• a process for transferring heat includes transferring heat between a heat source and a heat sink through the use of a heat transfer agent comprising a hydrofluoroether compound as described above.
• a process for depositing a coating on a substrate includes applying to at least a portion of at least one surface of said substrate a composition that include (a) a solvent composition that includes a
• hydrofluoroether compound as described above; and (b) at least one coating material that is soluble or dispersible in said solvent composition.
• a process for removing a contaminant from an article includes contacting the article with a hydrofluoroether compound as described above.
• the contaminants may include, for example, oils, greases, particulates, water, and other other known contaminants.
• Hydrofluoroether compounds comprise a class of commercially valuable chemical compounds.
• hydrofluoroether as used in the art, commonly refers to those ethers having partial substitution of hydrogen atoms by fluorine atoms.
• Some hydrofluoroethers are commercially available. Examples include those hydrofluoroethers available under the trade designations 3M NovecTM Engineered Fluid 7000, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7500, and 7600 from 3M Company of Saint Paul, Minn.
• Hydrofluoroethers have been used in applications such as cleaning solvents, deposition solvents, battery electrolyte solvents, and heat transfer media. The uses of hydrofluoroethers can be limited by their thermal stability.
• catenated heteroatom means an atom other than carbon (for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur) that is bonded to carbon atoms in a carbon chain so as to form a carbon-heteroatom-carbon chain.
• fluoro- for example, in reference to a group or moiety, such as in the case of "fluoroalkylene” or “fluoroalkyl” or “fluorocarbon" or “fluorinated” means only partially fluorinated such that there is at least one carbon-bonded hydrogen atom.
• perfluoro- for example, in reference to a group or moiety, such as in the case of "perfluoroalkylene” or “perfluoroalkyl” or “perfluorocarbon" or
• perfluorinated means completely fluorinated such that, except as may be otherwise indicated, there are no carbon-bonded hydrogen atoms replaceable with fluorine.
• substituted in reference to a group or moiety means that at least one carbon-bonded hydrogen atom is replaced with an alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl group that optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms.
• the present disclosure is directed to compounds represented by the following general formula (I):
• Rfi and Rf 2 may be bonded together to form ring structure having 4- 6 carbon atoms, 4-5 carbon atoms, or 4 carbon atoms.
• Rfi and Rf 2 may include one or more catenated heteroatoms.
• Y may be CF 2 or a single bond.
• Rh may be a linear or a branched alkyl group having with 1-3 carbon atoms or 1-2 carbon atoms.
• Rh may include one or more catenated heteroatoms.
• the nitrogen heteroatom may be tertiary, and may be bonded to a perfluoroalkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms or 1-2 carbon atoms.
• hydro fluoroether compounds of the present disclosure may include the following:
• the hydrofluoroether compounds of the present disclosure may be hydrophobic, relatively chemically unreactive, thermally stable, water insoluble, and normally liquid (for example, at 20° €) Additionally, the hydrofluoroether compounds of the present disclosure may have a low environmental impact relative to known hydrofluoroether compounds.
• the hydrofluoroether compounds of the present disclosure may have a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 10, less than 5, or even less than 2.
• GWP is a relative measure of the warming potential of a compound based on the structure of the compound.
• the GWP of a compound is calculated as the warming due to the release of 1 kilogram of a compound relative to the warming due to the release of 1 kilogram of C0 2 over a specified integration time horizon (ITH).
• ITH integration time horizon
• a is the radiative forcing per unit mass increase of a compound in the atmosphere (the change in the flux of radiation through the atmosphere due to the IR absorbance of that compound),
• C is the atmospheric concentration of a compound, is the atmospheric lifetime of a compound, t is time, and i is the compound of interest.
• ITH is 100 years representing a compromise between short-term effects (20 years) and longer-term effects (500 years or longer).
• concentration of an organic compound, i, in the atmosphere is assumed to follow pseudo first order kinetics (i.e., exponential decay).
• the concentration of CO2 over that same time interval incorporates a more complex model for the exchange and removal of C0 2 from the atmosphere (the Bern carbon cycle model).
• the hydrofluoroether compounds of the present disclosure can be used in various applications where CFCs, known HFEs, and perfluorcarbons have been used.
• the compounds can be used as solvents for precision or metal cleaning of electronic articles such as disks or circuit boards; as heat transfer agents; as cell size regulators in making foam insulation (for example, polyurethane, phenolic, and thermoplastic foams); as chemical fire extinguishing agents in streaming applications; as carrier fluids or solvents for document preservation materials and for lubricants; as power cycle working fluids such as for heat pumps; as inert media for polymerization reactions; as buffing abrasive agents to remove buffing abrasive compounds from polished surfaces such as metal; as displacement drying agents for removing water, such as from jewelry or metal parts; as resist developers in conventional circuit manufacturing techniques including chlorine-type developing agents; and as strippers for photoresists.
• the hydrofluoroether compounds can be used alone or in admixture with each other or with other commonly-used solvents (for example, alcohols, ethers, alkanes, alkenes, perfluorocarbons, perfluorinated tertiary amines, perfluoroethers, cycloalkanes, esters, ketones, aromatics, siloxanes, hydrochlorocarbons,
• solvents for example, alcohols, ethers, alkanes, alkenes, perfluorocarbons, perfluorinated tertiary amines, perfluoroethers, cycloalkanes, esters, ketones, aromatics, siloxanes, hydrochlorocarbons,
• co-solvents can be chosen to modify or enhance the properties of a composition for a particular use and can be utilized in ratios (of co-solvent(s) to hydrofluoroether(s)) such that the resulting composition preferably has no flash point.
• compositions can comprise conventional additives such as, for example, surfactants, coloring agents, stabilizers, anti-oxidants, flame retardants, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
• the hydrofluoroether compounds can be useful as solvents for cleaning and drying applications such as, for example, those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,125,089 (Flynn et al.), U.S. Patent No. 3,903,012 (Brandreth), U.S. Patent No. 4,169,807 (Zuber), and U.S. Patent No. 5,925,611 (Flynn et al.), the descriptions of which are incorporated by reference herein.
• Both organic and inorganic substrates can be cleaned by contacting them with a composition comprising an HFE of the present disclosure. Contaminants that can be removed include, for example, hydrocarbon contaminants, fluorocarbon contaminants, particulates, and water.
• the hydrofluoroether compounds can be useful as heat transfer agents, such as that described in, for example, U.S. Reissue Patent No. 37, 119 E (Sherwood) and U.S. Patent No. 6,374,907 Bl (Tousignant et al), which descriptions are incorporated by reference herein.
• heat is transferred between a heat source (for example, a silicon wafer or a component of a flat panel display) and a heat sink through the use of a heat transfer agent comprising a hydrofluoroether compound of the present disclosure.
• the HFEs generally exhibit a wide liquid range, useful viscosity over that range, and relatively high thermal stability at end use temperatures, making them well-suited for use as heat transfer fluids.
• Such processes for depositing a coating on a substrate comprises applying, to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate, a composition comprising (a) a solvent composition comprising a hydrofluoroether compound of the present disclosure; and (b) at least one coating material that is soluble or dispersible in the solvent composition.
• Coating materials that can be deposited by the process include, for example, pigments, lubricants, stabilizers, adhesives, anti-oxidants, dyes, polymers, pharmaceuticals, release agents, inorganic oxides, document preservation materials (for example, alkaline materials used in the
• Materials further include perfluoropolyether, hydrocarbon, and silicone lubricants; amorphous copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene; polytetrafluoroethylene; document preservation materials; and combinations thereof.
• the hydrofluoroether compounds of the present disclosure can be prepared by electrochemically fluorinating a dimethyl ester to produce the perfluorinated di-acyl fluoride.
• the dimethyl esters can be prepared by well known methods in the literature such as the Michael reaction of an amine with an alkene such as dimethyl maleate or dimethyl itaconate. Once prepared these organics can be made to undergo electrochemical fluorination by the method described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 2,713,593 (Brice et al.) and in R.E. Banks, Preparation, Properties and Industrial Applications of Organofluorine Compounds, pages 19-43, Halsted Press, New York
• these difunctional acid fluorides can be reacted with alklylating reagents such as dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate selectively to produce the intermediate hydrofluoroether acyl fluoride.
• alklylating reagents such as dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate selectively to produce the intermediate hydrofluoroether acyl fluoride.
• This intermediate can then undergo a decarboxylation reaction to product the hydrofluoroether compounds of the present disclosure.
• This intermediate product was fractionally distilled to remove the extractant and isolate the product.
• 50g of the intermediate, 2-[[bis(trifluoromethyl)amino]-difluoro-methyl]- 2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-4-methoxy-butanoyl fluoride was combined with anhydrous sodium carbonate (15.4g 0.15mol, Sigma-Aldrich) and lOOmL of diglyme as solvent.
• the reaction mixture was gradually heated to 130°C over several hours. During this time evolution of C0 2 was observed indicating the decarboxylation reaction was taking place.
• Patent No. 2,713,593 (Brice et al.) and in R.E. Banks, Preparation, Properties and Industrial Applications of Organofluorine Compounds, pages 19-43, Halsted Press, New York (1982)) was combined with dimethyl sulfate (57.7g 0.48mol, Sigma-Aldrich), potassium fluoride (27.9g 0.48 mol, Sigma-Aldrich), Adogen 464 (6.37g, 0.014 mol, Sigma-Aldrich) and diglyme (400g, Sigma-Aldrich). The mix was heated to 32°C for 48 hours, after which 300mL of water was added slowly to the reaction mixture to quench the dimethyl sulfate and to start the decarboxylation reaction.
• dimethyl sulfate 107.4 grams, 0.85 moles
• dimethyl sulfate 107.4 grams, 0.85 moles
• 350mL of water and 200 grams of 50%> potassium hydroxide were slowly added to the reaction mixture to quench the dimethyl sulfate and to start the decarboxylation reaction.
• the flask was heated to 65°C and held two hours and then the mixture was distilled.
• the lower fluorochemical phase of the resulting distillate was then separated from the upper phase and washed twice with water to afford 360 grams of material.

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