WO2015011879A1 - Système d'alimentation électrique - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015011879A1
WO2015011879A1 PCT/JP2014/003542 JP2014003542W WO2015011879A1 WO 2015011879 A1 WO2015011879 A1 WO 2015011879A1 JP 2014003542 W JP2014003542 W JP 2014003542W WO 2015011879 A1 WO2015011879 A1 WO 2015011879A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power supply
voltage
switching elements
control
precharge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/003542
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Masanori Ishigaki
Shuji Tomura
Naoki YANAGIZAWA
Masaki Okamura
Original Assignee
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha filed Critical Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Publication of WO2015011879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015011879A1/fr

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply system, and more particularly to control at the time of startup of a power supply system configured to include a power converter connected across a plurality of DC power supplies and electric power lines.
  • Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2012-70514 (PTL 1) describes a configuration of a power converter capable of, by means of control of a plurality of switching elements, switching between an operation mode of carrying out DC/DC conversion with two DC power supplies connected in series (series connection mode) and an operation mode of carrying out DC/DC conversion with two DC power supplies used in parallel (parallel connection mode).
  • a smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC power supply. Therefore, at the startup of the power supply system, an operation is required in which the smoothing capacitor is charged to the voltage of the DC power supply.
  • control is generally exerted to charge (precharge) the smoothing capacitor by way of a current limiting circuit.
  • the current limiting circuit is configured by connecting a current limiting resistor and a switch connected in series to each other, in parallel to a main switch connected across the DC power supply and the smoothing capacitor.
  • the present invention was made to solve these problems, and an object of the present invention is, in a power supply system including a plurality of DC power supplies, to eliminate the need to provide a current limiting circuit for part of the DC power supplies by precharge control at the system startup.
  • a power supply system in an aspect of the present invention is a power supply system for outputting a DC voltage (VH) across first and second electric power lines connected to a load.
  • the power supply system includes a first DC power supply, a second DC power supply, a first switch corresponding to the first DC power supply, a second switch corresponding to the second DC power supply, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, first to fourth switching elements sequentially connected in series across the first and second electric power lines, a first reactor, a second reactor, a current limiting circuit, and a control device configured to control on/off of the first to fourth switching elements and on/off of the first to third switches.
  • the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the first DC power supply by way of the first switch.
  • the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second DC power supply by way of the second switch.
  • the third capacitor is electrically connected across the first and second electric power lines.
  • the first reactor is electrically connected across a connection node of the second and third switching elements and a positive electrode terminal of the first DC power supply.
  • the second reactor is electrically connected across a connection node of the first and second switching elements and a positive electrode terminal of the second DC power supply.
  • the first DC power supply has a negative electrode terminal electrically connected to the second electric power line
  • the second DC power supply has a negative electrode terminal electrically connected to a connection node of the third and fourth switching elements.
  • the current limiting circuit is provided in correspondence with only one DC power supply of the first and second DC power supplies, and is connected in parallel with a corresponding switch of the first and second switches.
  • the current limiting circuit has a third switch and a current limiting resistor connected in series.
  • the control device performs (i) first precharge control for precharging one capacitor of the first and second capacitors that is connected to the third switch and the third capacitor to an output voltage of the one DC power supply by turning on the third switch with the first and second switches turned off at startup of the power supply system, (ii) turns off the third switch and turns on the one switch of the first and second switches in accordance with completion of precharge of the one capacitor, (iii) performs second precharge control for precharging the other capacitor of the first and second capacitors to an output voltage of the other DC power supply of the first and second DC power supplies accompanied by periodic on/off control of the first and fourth switching elements with the one switch turned on and the other switch of the first and second switches and the third switch turned off, (iv) and turns on the other switch in accordance with completion of precharge of the other capacitor.
  • the second precharge control has first switching control and second switching control.
  • the first switching control performs periodic on/off control of the first to fourth switching elements such that a voltage of the other capacitor and the third capacitor rises to a lower voltage of respective output voltages of the first and second DC power supplies.
  • the second switching control performs periodic on/off control of the first to fourth switching elements such that the voltage of the other capacitor and the third capacitor rises to an output voltage of the other DC power supply after the voltage of the other capacitor rises to the lower voltage.
  • the first switching control performs periodic on/off control of the first to fourth switching elements so as to periodically repeat a first operation and a second operation until the voltage of the other capacitor rises to the lower voltage.
  • the first to fourth switching elements are controlled to connect the other capacitor in parallel with the one DC power supply by way of the first and second reactors.
  • the first to fourth switching elements are controlled to electrically connect the one DC power supply and the other capacitor in series across the first and second electric power lines by way of the first and second reactors.
  • the second switching control performs periodic on/off control of the first to fourth switching elements so as to periodically repeat a third operation and a fourth operation until the voltage of the other capacitor rises to the output voltage of the other DC power supply.
  • on/off of the first to fourth switching elements is controlled to form a current circulating path by the one DC power supply and one of the first and second reactors.
  • the first to fourth switching elements are controlled to electrically connect the one DC power supply and one of the first and second reactors in series across the first and second electric power lines.
  • control device further turns on the other switch without executing periodic on/off control of the first and fourth switching elements, when the output voltage of the other DC power supply is lower than a predetermined voltage at the startup of the power supply system.
  • the power supply system is configured to control the DC voltage by operating with one of a plurality of operation modes selectively applied in a state where the first and second switches are turned on.
  • the plurality of operation modes includes first to sixth modes.
  • a power converter executes DC voltage conversion in parallel between the first and second DC power supplies and the first and second electric power lines by on/off control of the first to fourth switching elements.
  • the power converter executes DC voltage conversion between the first and second DC power supplies connected in series and the first and second electric power lines by keeping the third switching element on and performing on/off control of the first, second and fourth switching elements.
  • the power converter maintains the state where the first and second DC power supplies are connected in series to the first and second electric power lines by keeping on/off of the first to fourth switching elements.
  • the power converter executes DC voltage conversion between one of the first and second DC power supplies and the first and second electric power lines by on/off control of the first to fourth switching elements.
  • the power converter maintains the state where one of the first and second DC power supplies is electrically connected to the first and second electric power lines and the other one of the first and second DC power supplies is electrically disconnected from the first and second electric power lines by keeping on/off of the first to fourth switching elements.
  • the power converter maintains the state where the first and second DC power supplies are connected in parallel to the first and second electric power lines by keeping on/off of the first to fourth switching elements.
  • a current limiting circuit for part of the DC power supplies can be eliminated by precharge control at the system startup.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a conceptual view for describing an exemplary configuration of a load of the power supply system.
  • Fig. 3 is a chart for describing a plurality of operation modes possessed by a power converter shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a conceptual view showing an example of properties of two DC power supplies shown in Fig. 1 when implemented by power supplies of different types.
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart for describing a procedure of precharge control at the startup of the power supply system according to the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a state transition diagram of Cb precharge.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a conceptual view for describing an exemplary configuration of a load of the power supply system.
  • Fig. 3 is a chart for describing
  • FIG. 7 is a chart for describing circuit operations in first and second precharge modes in Cb precharge.
  • Fig. 8 is a conceptual circuit diagram for describing a circuit operation in the first precharge mode in Cb precharge.
  • Fig. 9 is a conceptual waveform diagram for describing pulse width modulation control for setting a duty ratio in switching control in each precharge mode.
  • Fig. 10 is a conceptual circuit diagram for describing a circuit operation in the second precharge mode in Cb precharge.
  • Fig. 11 is a waveform diagram for describing a first exemplary operation of precharge control in startup processing of the power supply system according to the present embodiment.
  • Fig. 12 is a waveform diagram for describing a second exemplary operation of precharge control.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a flowchart for describing a procedure of precharge control at the startup of the power supply system according to the second embodiment.
  • Fig. 15 is a state transition diagram of Ca precharge.
  • Fig. 16 is a chart for describing circuit operations in first and second precharge modes in Ca precharge.
  • Fig. 17 is a conceptual circuit diagram for describing a circuit operation in the first precharge mode in Ca precharge.
  • Fig. 18 is a conceptual circuit diagram for describing a circuit operation in the second precharge mode in Ca precharge.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system 5 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • power supply system 5 includes a plurality of DC power supplies 10a, 10b and a power converter 50.
  • a load 30 of power supply system 5 is connected across electric power lines 20 and 21.
  • DC power supplies 10a and 10b are each implemented by a secondary battery, such as a lithium-ion secondary battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery, or a DC voltage source element having excellent output characteristics, such as an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium-ion capacitor.
  • a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion secondary battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery
  • a DC voltage source element having excellent output characteristics such as an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium-ion capacitor.
  • Power converter 50 is connected across DC power supplies 10a and 10b and across electric power lines 20 and 21.
  • Power converter 50 controls a DC voltage (hereinafter also referred to as an output voltage VH) across electric power lines 20 and 21 in accordance with a voltage command value VH*. That is, electric power lines 20 and 21 are provided in common for DC power supplies 10a and 10b.
  • Load 30 operates upon receipt of output voltage VH output by power converter 50 across electric power lines 20 and 21.
  • Voltage command value VH* is set at a voltage suitable for the operation of load 30.
  • load 30 may be configured to be capable of generating electric power for charging DC power supplies 10a and 10b by regeneration or the like.
  • Fig. 2 is a conceptual view for describing an exemplary configuration of load 30.
  • load 30 is configured to include a traction motor for an electric powered vehicle, for example.
  • Load 30 includes a smoothing capacitor CH, an inverter 32, a motor-generator 35, a motive power transmission gear 36, and a driving wheel 37.
  • Motor-generator 35 is a traction motor for generating vehicle driving force, and implemented by, for example, a multiple-phase permanent-magnet type synchronous motor. Output torque of motor-generator 35 is transferred to driving wheel 37 by way of motive power transmission gear 36 formed by a reduction gear and a power split device. The electric-powered vehicle runs with the torque transferred to driving wheel 37. Motor-generator 35 generates electric power with rotary force of driving wheel 37 during regenerative braking of the electric powered vehicle. This generated power is subjected to AC/DC conversion by inverter 32. This DC power can be used as electric power for charging DC power supplies 10a and 10b included in power supply system 5.
  • the electric-powered vehicle collectively represents a vehicle equipped with a traction motor, and includes both of a hybrid vehicle that generates vehicle driving force by an engine and an electric motor, as well as an electric vehicle and a fuel-cell vehicle not equipped with an engine.
  • load 30 (motor-generator 35) is controlled such that necessary vehicle driving force or vehicle breaking force is obtained in accordance with a running condition of the electric powered vehicle (representatively, the vehicular speed) and a driver operation (representatively, the operation of an accelerator pedal and a brake pedal). That is, an operating command for load 30 (e.g., a torque command value for motor-generator 35) is set by running control of the electric-powered vehicle.
  • This running control is preferably executed by a high-order ECU different from a control device 40 (Fig. 1).
  • a smoothing capacitor Ca is connected in parallel with DC power supply 10a by way of a relay 12a.
  • a smoothing capacitor Cb is connected in parallel with DC power supply 10b by way of a relay 12b.
  • Relays 12a and 12b connect DC power supplies 10a and 10b, respectively, to power converter 50 at the startup of power supply system 5.
  • a current limiting circuit 13 is provided only for DC power supply 10a.
  • Current limiting circuit 13 is connected in parallel with relay 12a.
  • Current limiting circuit 13 has a relay 14 and a current limiting resistor 15 connected in series.
  • Relays 12a, 12b and 14 are turned on/off in response to a control signal (not shown) from control device 40. It is noted that any switch whose on/off can be controlled, such as an electromagnetic relay or a semiconductor relay can be employed as relays 12a, 12b and 14.
  • current limiting circuit 13 is provided in correspondence with DC power supply 10a, while no current limiting circuit is provided for DC power supply 10b and smoothing capacitor Cb.
  • the power supply system according to the present embodiment is characterized in that current limiting circuit 13 is not provided in correspondence with every DC power supply, but provision of a current limiting circuit for part of the DC power supplies is eliminated.
  • Power converter 50 includes switching elements S1 to S4 connected in series across electric power lines 20 and 21 as well as reactors L1 and L2.
  • switching elements IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), power MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistors, power bipolar transistors, or the like can be used.
  • IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
  • MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • switching elements S1 to S4 anti-parallel diodes D1 to D4 are arranged, respectively. On/off of switching elements S1 to S4 can be controlled in response to control signals SG1 to SG4, respectively.
  • switching elements S1 to S4 are respectively turned on when control signals SG1 to SG4 are at a high level (hereinafter referred to as an H level), and are turned off when they are at a low level (hereinafter referred to as an L level).
  • Switching element S1 is electrically connected across electric power line 20 and a node N1.
  • Reactor L2 is connected across node N1 and a positive electrode terminal of DC power supply 10b.
  • Switching element S2 is electrically connected across nodes N1 and N2.
  • Reactor L1 is connected across node N2 and a positive electrode terminal of DC power supply 10a.
  • Reactor L2 is connected across node N1 and the positive electrode terminal of DC power supply 10b. That is, node N1 corresponds to a connection mode of switching element S1 and S2, and node N2 corresponds to a connection mode of switching elements S2 and S3.
  • Switching element S3 is electrically connected across nodes N2 and N3.
  • Node N3 is electrically connected to a negative electrode terminal of DC power supply 10b.
  • Switching element S4 is electrically connected across node N3 and electric power line 21.
  • Electric power line 21 is electrically connected to load 30 and a negative electrode terminal of DC power supply 10a. That is, node N3 corresponds to a connection mode of switching elements S3 and S4.
  • power converter 50 is configured to include a step-up chopper circuit in correspondence with each of DC power supplies 10a and 10b. That is, for DC power supply 10a, a bidirectional current first step-up chopper circuit is formed in which switching elements S1 and S2 serve as upper-arm elements and switching elements S3 and S4 serve as lower-arm elements. Similarly, for DC power supply 10b, a bidirectional current second step-up chopper circuit is formed in which switching elements S1 and S4 serve as upper-arm elements and switching elements S2 and S3 serve as lower-arm elements.
  • Switching elements S1 to S4 are included in both of a power conversion path formed across DC power supply 10a and electric power line 20 by the first step-up chopper circuit and a power conversion path formed across DC power supply 10b and electric power line 20 by the second step-up chopper circuit.
  • Control device 40 is implemented by, for example, an electronic control unit (ECU) including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory neither shown, and is configured to perform arithmetic processing through use of a detection value of each sensor based on maps and programs stored in that memory.
  • ECU electronice control unit
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • memory neither shown
  • control device 40 may be configured to execute predetermined numeric/logic operation processing by hardware, such as an electronic circuit.
  • Control device 40 generates control signals SG1 to SG4 for controlling on/off of switching elements S1 to S4, respectively, in order to control output voltage VH to load 30. Furthermore, control device 40 further generates control signals (not shown) for controlling on/off of relays 12a, 12b and 14.
  • a voltage sensor 41 detects a voltage Vca of smoothing capacitor Ca.
  • a voltage sensor 42 detects a voltage Vcb of smoothing capacitor Cb.
  • Voltage sensor 43 detects a voltage of smoothing capacitor CH, namely, output voltage VH. Detected values of voltage sensors 41 to 43 are given to control device 40.
  • detectors voltage sensor, current sensor
  • Va voltage
  • Ia current
  • Vb voltage
  • Ib current
  • VH output voltage
  • detectors temperature sensors
  • Ta and Tb temperature sensors
  • switching elements S1 to S4 correspond to "a first switching element” to “a fourth switching element”, respectively
  • reactors L1 and L2 correspond to “a first reactor” and “a second reactor”, respectively.
  • Relays 12a, 12b and 14 correspond to "a first switch", “a second switch” and “a third switches ", respectively.
  • power supply system 5 precharges smoothing capacitors Ca and Cb to voltages Va and Vb, respectively, and then operates with relays 12a and 12b turned on and relay 14 turned off. Details of startup processing will be described later in detail.
  • Power converter 50 has a plurality of operation modes different in the mode of DC power conversion between DC power supplies 10a, 10b and electric power line 20.
  • Fig. 3 shows a plurality of operation modes possessed by power converter 50.
  • the operation modes are roughly divided into a "boosting mode (B)" of boosting output voltage(s) of DC power supply 10a and/or DC power supply 10b following periodic on/off control of switching elements S1 to S4 and a “direct connection mode (D)" of electrically connecting DC power supply 10a and/or DC power supply 10b to electric power line 20 with switching elements S1 to S4 kept on/off.
  • B boosting mode
  • D direct connection mode
  • the boosting mode includes a "parallel boosting mode (hereinafter referred to as a PB mode)" of carrying out parallel DC/DC conversion between DC power supplies 10a and 10b and electric power line 20 and a "series boosting mode (hereinafter referred to as a SB mode)" of carrying out DC/DC conversion between DC power supplies 10a and 10b connected in series and electric power line 20.
  • a PB mode parallel DC/DC conversion between DC power supplies 10a and 10b and electric power line 20
  • SB mode series boosting mode
  • the boosting mode further includes an "independent mode with DC power supply 10a (hereinafter referred to as an aB mode)" of carrying out DC/DC conversion between only DC power supply 10a and electric power line 20 and an “independent mode with DC power supply 10b (hereinafter referred to as a bB mode)" of carrying out DC/DC conversion between only DC power supply 10b and electric power line 20.
  • aB mode DC power supply 10b is unused while being maintained in the state electrically disconnected from electric power line 20 as long as output voltage VH is controlled to be higher than voltage Vb of DC power supply 10b.
  • DC power supply 10a is unused while being maintained in the state electrically disconnected from electric power line 20 as long as output voltage VH is controlled to be higher than voltage Va of DC power supply 10a.
  • output voltage VH of electric power line 20 is controlled in accordance with voltage command value VH*. Control of switching elements S1 to S4 in each of these modes will be described later.
  • the direct connection mode includes a "parallel direct connection mode (hereinafter referred to as a PD mode)" of maintaining the state in which DC power supplies 10a and 10b are connected in parallel to electric power line 20 and a “series direct connection mode (hereinafter referred to as an SD mode)" of maintaining the state in which DC power supplies 10a and 10b are connected in series to electric power line 20.
  • a PD mode parallel direct connection mode
  • SD mode series direct connection mode
  • the direct connection mode includes a "direct connection mode of DC power supply 10a (hereinafter referred to as an aD mode)" of electrically connecting only DC power supply 10a to electric power line 20 and a “direct connection mode of DC power supply 10b (hereinafter referred to as a bD mode)" of electrically connecting only DC power supply 10b to electric power line 20.
  • aD mode direct connection mode of DC power supply 10a
  • a bD mode direct connection mode of DC power supply 10b
  • output voltage VH of electric power line 20 is determined depending on voltages Va and Vb of DC power supplies 10a and 10b, and therefore, cannot be directly controlled.
  • output voltage VH can no longer be set at a voltage suitable for the operation of load 30, so that power loss at load 30 may be increased.
  • the PB mode corresponds to a "first mode”
  • the SB mode corresponds to a "second mode”
  • the SD mode corresponds to a "third mode.”
  • the aB mode and bB mode correspond to a "fourth mode”
  • the aD mode and bD mode correspond to a "fifth mode”
  • the PD mode corresponds to a "sixth mode.”
  • Fig. 4 is a conceptual view showing an example of properties of DC power supplies 10a and 10b when implemented by power supplies of different types.
  • Fig. 4 shows a so-called Ragone plot in which energy is plotted on the horizontal axis and electric power is plotted on the vertical axis.
  • output power and stored energy of a DC power supply have a trade-off relationship. Therefore, a high output is difficult to obtain with a high-capacity type battery, while stored energy is difficult to increase with a high-output type battery.
  • one of DC power supplies 10a and 10b is implemented by a so-called high-capacity type power supply having high stored energy, and the other one of them is implemented by a so-called high-output type power supply providing high output power. Then, energy stored in the high-capacity type power supply is used as a constant supply for a long time, and the high-output type power supply can be used as a buffer to output a deficiency caused by the high-capacity type power supply.
  • DC power supply 10a is implemented by a high-capacity type power supply
  • DC power supply 10b is implemented by a high-output type power supply. Therefore, an active region 110 of DC power supply 10a has a narrower range of electric power that can be output than an active region 120 of DC power supply 10b. On the other hand, active region 120 has a narrower range of energy that can be stored than active region 110.
  • operating point 101 of load 30 high power is requested for a short time.
  • operating point 101 corresponds to abrupt acceleration caused by a user's accelerator operation.
  • relatively low power is requested for a long time.
  • operating point 102 corresponds to continuous high-speed steady running.
  • the output from high-output type DC power supply 10b can mainly be applied.
  • the output from high-capacity type DC power supply 10a can mainly be applied. Accordingly, in an electric-powered vehicle, the running distance with electrical energy can be extended through use of energy stored in the high-capacity type battery for a long time, and acceleration performance in correspondence with a user's accelerator operation can be ensured promptly.
  • DC power supply 10a is implemented by a secondary battery and DC power supply 10b is implemented by a capacitor
  • DC power supply 10b is not limited to this example, but can be implemented by DC power supplies (power storage devices) of the same type and/or the same capacitance.
  • power supply system 5 is capable of operating while selecting from among the plurality of operation modes shown in Fig. 3 in accordance with the operating conditions of DC power supplies 10a and 10b and/or load 30 such that efficiency in power supply system 5 as a whole is optimized.
  • current limiting circuit 13 is provided for only part of the DC power supplies (in the example of Fig. 1, DC power supply 10a). Therefore, to precharge smoothing capacitor Cb not provided with any current limiting circuit, the following precharge control is executed.
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart for describing a procedure of precharge control at the startup of the power supply system according to the first embodiment.
  • Precharge control is achieved by control device 40 controlling on/off of relays 12a, 12b and 14 as well as switching elements S1 to S4 in accordance with a procedure which will be described below.
  • control device 40 first executes precharging of smoothing capacitor Ca (hereinafter also briefly referred to as Ca precharge) by current limiting circuit 13.
  • step S100 In the Ca precharge in step S100, relays 12a and 12b are turned off, while relay 14 is turned on. Accordingly, current limiting circuit 13 operates. Smoothing-capacitor Ca is charged by DC power supply 10a by the current path passing through current limiting resistor 15. An excessive inrush current can thereby be prevented from occurring. When voltage Vca of smoothing capacitor Ca rises to voltage Va of DC power supply 10a, the Ca precharge is completed.
  • control device 40 in step S150 turns off relay 14 and turns on relay 12a. Accordingly, smoothing capacitor Ca having been precharged and DC power supply 10a are electrically connected to each other not by way of current limiting resistor 15.
  • Control device 40 further executes in step S200 precharge of smoothing capacitor Cb (hereinafter also referred to as Cb precharge) accompanied by periodic on/off control (switching control) of switching elements S1 to S4.
  • Cb precharge smoothing capacitor Cb
  • switching control switching control
  • control device 40 completes the Cb precharge in step S250.
  • control device 40 turns on relay 12b in step S300. Accordingly, both of smoothing capacitors Ca and Cb having been precharged are brought into the state connected in parallel to DC power supplies 10a and 10b, respectively, and the startup processing is terminated.
  • Ca precharge corresponds to "first precharge control”
  • Cb precharge corresponds to "second precharge control”.
  • Fig. 6 shows a state transition diagram of the Cb precharge.
  • precharge mode P1 is selected when the Cb precharge is started. Then, when voltage Vcb of smoothing capacitor Cb rises to around voltage min(Va, Vb), which is a lower one of voltages Va and Vb, by precharge mode P1, precharge mode P1 is terminated, and precharge mode P2 is selected. For example, when voltage Vcb becomes higher than min(Va, Vb)-TH0 (TH0: a predetermined value), precharge mode P1 is terminated.
  • precharge mode P2 when voltage Vcb of smoothing capacitor Cb approaches voltage Vb of DC power supply 10b, precharge mode P2 is terminated, and the Cb precharge is completed. Accordingly, relay 12b can be turned on. For example, when voltage Vcb enters the range where Vb-TH1 ⁇ Vcb ⁇ Vb+TH2 (TH1, TH2: predetermined values), precharge mode P2 is terminated. Precharge mode P1 corresponds to "first switching control", and precharge mode P2 corresponds to "second switching control".
  • Fig. 7 is a chart for describing circuit operations in precharge modes P1 and P2 in the Cb precharge.
  • precharge mode P1 the pair of switching elements S1 and S3 and the pair of switching elements S2 and S4 are turned on/off complementarily in response to control pulse signals SDp and /SDp.
  • Vb>Va holds An exemplary operation when Vb>Va holds will be described below.
  • Fig. 8 shows a circuit operation in precharge mode P1.
  • smoothing capacitor Cb is connected in parallel with DC power supply 10a by way of reactors L1 and L2.
  • duty ratio Dp that determines the ratio between the periods shown in Figs. 8(a) and 8(b) is set within the range where Dp equals or is greater than 0 and is less than Dmax (Dmax ⁇ 1) in accordance with Equation (1) below.
  • Fig. 9 shows a conceptual waveform diagram for describing pulse width modulation control for setting the duty ratio in switching control in each precharge mode.
  • control pulse signal SDp and its inversion signal /SDp are generated based on voltage comparison between duty ratio Dp and a carrier wave CW of a predetermined frequency.
  • control pulse signal SDp is set at a logic low level (hereinafter also referred to as an L level), and control pulse signal /SDp is set at a logic high level (hereinafter also briefly referred to as an H level).
  • switching elements S2 and S4 are on as shown in Fig. 8(a), while in the period during which control pulse signal /SDp is at the L level, switching elements S1 and S3 are on as shown in Fig. 8(b).
  • precharge mode P1 is terminated when the condition that Vcb>min(Va, Vb)-TH0 (TH0: a predetermined value) holds. Since switching elements S1 and S4 are not turned on simultaneously in precharge mode P1, an inrush current can be prevented from flowing across smoothing capacitors CH and Cb. Therefore, precharge mode P1 is applied while voltage Vcb is low.
  • switching elements S1 and S4 are kept on, and switching elements S2 and S3 are turned on/off complementarily in response to control pulse signals SDp and /SDp.
  • Fig. 10 shows a circuit operation in precharge mode P2.
  • Fig. 10(a) shows a circuit operation in the H level period of control pulse signal /SDp
  • Fig. 10(b) shows a circuit operation in the H level period of control pulse signal SDp.
  • switching elements S1 and S4 are maintained on. Therefore, during precharge mode P2, smoothing capacitors Cb and CH are maintained in the state connected in parallel.
  • output voltage VH is boosted above voltage Va of DC power supply 10a by the circuit operation of a so-called step-up chopper. That is, in precharge mode P2, smoothing capacitors Cb and CH connected in parallel can be precharged to a voltage higher than voltage Va of DC power supply 10a.
  • duty ratio Dp that determines the ratio between the periods shown in Figs. 10(a) and 10(b) is set within the range where Dp equals or is greater than 0 and is less than Dmax (Dmax ⁇ 1) in accordance with Equation (2) below.
  • precharge mode P1 is terminated when the condition that Vb-TH1 ⁇ Vcb ⁇ Vb+TH2 (TH1, TH2: predetermined values) holds, and the Cb precharge is completed.
  • Fig. 11 is a waveform diagram for describing a first exemplary operation of precharge control in startup processing of power supply system 5 according to the present embodiment.
  • Fig. 11 shows an exemplary operation when Vb>Va holds as described above.
  • relay 14 of current limiting circuit 13 is turned on at time t1. Accordingly, precharge of smoothing capacitor Ca corresponding to DC power supply 10a provided with current limiting circuit 13 is started.
  • precharge mode P1 When the Cb precharge is started in accordance with the completion of the Ca precharge, first, precharge mode P1 is started at time t4. In precharge mode P1, smoothing capacitor Cb is charged with a current obtained by switching control by the on/off control of switching elements S1 to S4 described with reference to Figs. 7 and 8, so that voltage Vb rises. Voltage VH also rises in accordance with Va+Vcb.
  • Fig. 12 is a waveform diagram for describing a second exemplary operation of precharge control in the startup processing of power supply system 5 according to the present embodiment.
  • Fig. 12 shows an exemplary operation when Vb ⁇ Va holds as described above in contrast to Fig. 11.
  • smoothing capacitor Cb not provided with any current limiting resistor can be precharged to voltage Vb whether voltages Va and Vb of DC power supplies 10a and 10b are high or low.
  • smoothing capacitor Cb not provided with any current limiting resistor can be charged with the current obtained by switching control of switching elements S1 to S4 even in the configuration where current limiting circuit 13 is provided only for DC power supply 10a.
  • each smoothing capacitor can be precharged without generating an excessive inrush current at the startup of the power supply system. Accordingly, size reduction and cost reduction can be achieved by the reduction of the number of parts of the power supply system.
  • Fig. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system 5# according to the present second embodiment.
  • Fig. 14 is a flowchart for describing a procedure of precharge control at the startup of the power supply system according to the second embodiment.
  • the precharge control is achieved by control device 40 controlling on/off of relays 12a, 12b, 14 and switching elements S1 to S4 in accordance with a procedure which will be described below.
  • control device 40 first executes in step S100# precharge (Cb precharge) of smoothing capacitor Cb by current limiting circuit 13.
  • step S100# In the Cb precharge in step S100#, relays 12a and 12b are turned off, while relay 14 is turned on. Accordingly, current limiting circuit 13 operates. Smoothing capacitor Cb is charged by DC power supply 10b by the current path passing through current limiting resistor 15. This can prevent an excessive inrush current from occurring. When voltage Vcb of smoothing capacitor Cb rises to voltage Vb of DC power supply 10b, the Cb precharge is completed.
  • control device 40 in step S150# turns off relay 14 and turns on relay 12b. Accordingly, smoothing capacitor Cb having been precharged and DC power supply 10b are electrically connected to each other not by way of current limiting resistor 15.
  • control device 40 in step S200# executes precharge (Ca precharge) smoothing capacitor Ca accompanied by periodic on/off control (switching control ) of switching elements S1 to S4.
  • precharge Ca precharge
  • switching control switching control
  • control device 40 completes the Ca precharge in step S250#.
  • control device 40 turns on relay 12a in step S300#. Accordingly, both of smoothing capacitors Ca and Cb having been precharged are brought into the state connected in parallel with DC power supplies 10a and 10b, respectively, and the startup processing is terminated.
  • Cb precharge corresponds to "first precharge control”
  • Ca precharge corresponds to "second precharge control”.
  • Fig. 15 shows a state transition diagram of the Ca precharge.
  • precharge mode P1 is selected when the Ca precharge is started. Then, when voltage Vca of smoothing capacitor Ca rises to around voltage min(Va, Vb) which is a lower one of voltages Va and Vb by precharge mode P1, precharge mode P1 is terminated, and precharge mode P2 is selected. For example, when voltage Vca becomes higher than min(Va, Vb)-TH0 (TH0: a predetermined value), precharge mode P1 is terminated.
  • precharge mode P2 is terminated, and the Ca precharge is completed. Accordingly, relay 12a can be turned on. For example, when voltage Vca enters the range where Va-TH1 ⁇ Vca ⁇ Va+TH2 (TH1, TH2: predetermined values), precharge mode P2 is terminated.
  • Fig. 16 is a chart for describing circuit operations in precharge modes P1 and P2 in the Ca precharge.
  • precharge mode P1 the pair of switching elements S1 and S3 and the pair of switching elements S2 and S4 are turned on/off complementarily in response to control pulse signals SDp and /SDp.
  • Vb>Va holds An exemplary operation when Vb>Va holds will be described below.
  • Fig. 17 shows a circuit operation in precharge mode P1 in the Ca precharge.
  • smoothing capacitor Ca is connected in parallel with DC power supply 10b by way of reactors L1 and L2.
  • duty ratio Dp that determines the ratio between the periods shown in Figs. 17(a) and 17(b) is set within the range where Dp equals or is greater than 0 and is less than Dmax (Dmax ⁇ 1) in accordance with Equation (3) below.
  • Fig. 18 shows a circuit operation in precharge mode P2.
  • Fig. 18(a) shows a circuit operation in the H level period of control pulse signal /SDp
  • Fig. 18(b) shows a circuit operation in the H level period of control pulse signal SDp.
  • output voltage VH is boosted above voltage Vb of DC power supply 10b by the circuit operation of a so-called step-up chopper. That is, in precharge mode P2, smoothing capacitors Ca and CH connected in parallel can be precharged to a voltage higher than voltage Vb of DC power supply 10b.
  • duty ratio Dp that determines the ratio between the periods shown in Figs. 18(a) and 18(b) is set within the range where Dp equals or is greater than 0 and is less than Dmax (Dmax ⁇ 1) in accordance with Equation (4) below.
  • precharge mode P2 is terminated when the condition that Va-TH1 ⁇ Vca ⁇ Va+TH2 (TH1, TH2: predetermined values) holds, and the Ca precharge is completed.
  • Vcb can be controlled similarly to the behavior of voltage Vca in the operation waveform diagram of Fig. 12. That is, in Fig. 12, smoothing capacitor Ca can be precharged by exchanging the waveform diagrams of relays 12a and 12b.
  • smoothing capacitor Ca not provided with any current limiting resistor can be charged with the current obtained by switching control of switching elements S1 to S4 even in the configuration where current limiting circuit 13 is provided only for DC power supply 10b.
  • each smoothing capacitor can be precharged without generating an excessive inrush current at the startup of the power supply system. Accordingly, size reduction and cost reduction can be achieved by the reduction of the number of parts of the power supply system.
  • load 30 may be implemented by any apparatus that can operate with a DC voltage controlled by a power converter. That is, although the example in which load 30 is configured to include a traction motor for an electric powered vehicle has been described in the present embodiment, the application of the present invention is not limited to such a load.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des alimentations électriques de courant continu (10a, 10b) connectées électriquement à des condensateurs de filtrage (Ca, Cb) au moyen d'un premier relai et d'un deuxième relai (12a, 12b) respectivement. Un circuit de limitation de courant (13) est connecté en parallèle au premier relai (12a) mais n'est pas fourni au deuxième relai (12b). Au démarrage d'un système d'alimentation électrique (5), le condensateur de filtrage (Ca) est préchargé avec un courant passant par une résistance de limitation de courant (15), le premier relai et le deuxième relai (12a, 12b) étant fermés et un troisième relai (14) étant ouvert. Après l'achèvement de la précharge du condensateur de filtrage (Ca), le condensateur de filtrage (Cb) est préchargé avec un courant provenant de l'alimentation électrique de courant continu (10a) accompagné de commandes de marche/arrêt périodiques d'éléments de commutation (S1-S4), le premier relai (12a) étant ouvert, et le deuxième relai (12b) et le troisième relai (14) étant fermés.
PCT/JP2014/003542 2013-07-25 2014-07-03 Système d'alimentation électrique WO2015011879A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013154470A JP6100640B2 (ja) 2013-07-25 2013-07-25 電源システム
JP2013-154470 2013-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015011879A1 true WO2015011879A1 (fr) 2015-01-29

Family

ID=51261185

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2014/003542 WO2015011879A1 (fr) 2013-07-25 2014-07-03 Système d'alimentation électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP6100640B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015011879A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015141348A1 (fr) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Système de source électrique
EP3062430A3 (fr) * 2015-02-24 2016-12-07 Magneti Marelli S.p.A. Dispositif électronique intégré avec relais à semi-conducteurs et circuit de précharge
EP3258583A4 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2018-10-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif de conversion d'énergie et dispositif à cycle frigorifique
CN111181203A (zh) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-19 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆的电源及电源的控制方法
CN114268220A (zh) * 2022-03-03 2022-04-01 深圳市首航新能源股份有限公司 一种三电平变换电路及其启动方法、电子设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019097746A1 (fr) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-23 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de conversion de courant
JP7308409B2 (ja) * 2019-09-17 2023-07-14 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 負荷制御装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0748035A1 (fr) * 1995-06-08 1996-12-11 STMicroelectronics S.A. Circuit et procédé de commande d'un limiteur d'appel de courant dans un convertisseur de puissance avec correction de facteur de puissance
US20070290658A1 (en) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-20 Tien-Tzu Chen Initial voltage establishing circuit for a switching voltage converter
US20080310198A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-18 Yun-Chi Chiang Apparatus and method for suppressing the input current inrush for a voltage converter in a pre-charge stage
WO2012039131A2 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Système d'alimentation électrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0748035A1 (fr) * 1995-06-08 1996-12-11 STMicroelectronics S.A. Circuit et procédé de commande d'un limiteur d'appel de courant dans un convertisseur de puissance avec correction de facteur de puissance
US20070290658A1 (en) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-20 Tien-Tzu Chen Initial voltage establishing circuit for a switching voltage converter
US20080310198A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-18 Yun-Chi Chiang Apparatus and method for suppressing the input current inrush for a voltage converter in a pre-charge stage
WO2012039131A2 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Système d'alimentation électrique
JP2012070514A (ja) 2010-09-22 2012-04-05 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc 電源システム

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015141348A1 (fr) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Système de source électrique
JP2015180119A (ja) * 2014-03-18 2015-10-08 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電源システム
US9906130B2 (en) 2014-03-18 2018-02-27 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electrical source system
EP3062430A3 (fr) * 2015-02-24 2016-12-07 Magneti Marelli S.p.A. Dispositif électronique intégré avec relais à semi-conducteurs et circuit de précharge
US10046647B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2018-08-14 MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. Integrated electronic device with solid-state relay and pre-charge circuit
EP3582381A1 (fr) * 2015-02-24 2019-12-18 Magneti Marelli S.p.A. Dispositif électronique intégré comportant un relais à semi-conducteurs et un circuit de précharge
US10518646B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2019-12-31 Magnetti Marelli S.P.A. Integrated electronic device with solid-state relay and pre-charge circuit
EP3258583A4 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2018-10-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif de conversion d'énergie et dispositif à cycle frigorifique
CN111181203A (zh) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-19 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆的电源及电源的控制方法
CN111181203B (zh) * 2018-11-09 2023-10-03 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆的电源及电源的控制方法
CN114268220A (zh) * 2022-03-03 2022-04-01 深圳市首航新能源股份有限公司 一种三电平变换电路及其启动方法、电子设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP6100640B2 (ja) 2017-03-22
JP2015027152A (ja) 2015-02-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2015011879A1 (fr) Système d'alimentation électrique
JP6026093B2 (ja) 電源システム
US9555714B2 (en) Power supply system of electric-powered vehicle
JP5605436B2 (ja) 電動車両およびその制御方法
JP5780914B2 (ja) 電力変換器の制御装置および制御方法
US9849789B2 (en) Power supply system
US10170988B2 (en) Power supply system
JP2013038910A (ja) 電源システムおよびそれを備える車両
US9895980B2 (en) Power supply system
JP2013207914A (ja) 電圧変換装置の制御装置
JP5832247B2 (ja) 電源システム
JP2008017661A (ja) 電源システムおよびそれを備えた車両、電源システムの制御方法、ならびに電源システムの制御をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体
US9941694B2 (en) Power supply system
WO2013051152A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de commande de dispositif de conversion de tension
JP6495413B1 (ja) 電源システム
US20170077810A1 (en) Power supply system having two dc power supplies
JP4905204B2 (ja) 負荷駆動装置
JP2009189152A (ja) 電源システム、電動車両、電源システムの制御方法、およびその制御方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体
JP2010136553A (ja) 電源システムおよびそれを搭載した電動車両
JP2016111886A (ja) 車両の電源システム
JP6181475B2 (ja) 電源システム
JP2009284668A (ja) 電源システムおよびそれを備えた車両
JP6531751B2 (ja) 電力システム
JP2010093981A (ja) 電源システム
JP2016015828A (ja) 電源システム

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14745234

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 14745234

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1