WO2015010630A1 - 推瘤油缸以及使用其的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机 - Google Patents
推瘤油缸以及使用其的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015010630A1 WO2015010630A1 PCT/CN2014/082893 CN2014082893W WO2015010630A1 WO 2015010630 A1 WO2015010630 A1 WO 2015010630A1 CN 2014082893 W CN2014082893 W CN 2014082893W WO 2015010630 A1 WO2015010630 A1 WO 2015010630A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rail
- chamber
- jaw
- flash welder
- sub
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/04—Flash butt welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/04—Flash butt welding
- B23K11/046—Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/028—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force
- F15B11/036—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force by means of servomotors having a plurality of working chambers
- F15B11/0365—Tandem constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/26—Railway- or like rails
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of track flash welding, and relates to a pusher cylinder and an asymmetric cross section groove type rail flash welder using the pusher cylinder. Background technique
- flash welding has been used in the field of orbital welding to achieve seamless welding of rails, especially in the welding of I-beams, flash welding and flash welding machines (especially mobile flash welding machines). Continuous development and progress and more and more mature.
- a push-to-tumor cutting step is introduced to perform a tumor-inducing treatment on the relatively convex welded tumor. Accordingly, accordingly, a pusher blade device and a pusher cylinder for providing thrust to the knob are provided in the flash welder, and the pusher cylinder outputs thrust to the pusher blade through the piston rod.
- the push-cylinder cylinder designed in the flash welder is prone to insufficient thrust output, which seriously affects the efficiency of the tumor-injection treatment, especially in the field of flash welding of asymmetric-section grooved rails, for the traditional I-shaped rail.
- the design of the push-cylinder cylinder can not meet the flash welding projection treatment requirements of the asymmetric section groove rail.
- increasing the thrust output of the push cylinder is generally achieved by increasing the diameter of the cylinder or increasing the pressure of the hydraulic system, but the excessive diameter of the cylinder causes difficulty in layout design of the flash welder, and requires the cutting force and the tumor resistance.
- the increase in the cantilever between the pusher and the larger bending moment causes the pusher blade to be easily deformed and the life is reduced.
- the increase in the hydraulic system pressure increases the production cost and increases the risk of loop leakage.
- the increased thrust of the cylinder is also likely to cause an increase in the impact force on both ends of the cylinder when the piston moves back and forth, and the vibration and kinetic energy loss are large. Summary of the invention
- One of the objects of the present invention is to increase the thrust output of the push-on cylinder without increasing the cylinder diameter of the push-on cylinder.
- the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
- a tumor pushing cylinder (19) is provided, the pusher cylinder (19) provided with a dual chamber cylinder structure including a first chamber and a second chamber, the piston rod (196) of the pusher cylinder (19) passing through the first chamber and the second chamber,
- the first chamber is separated by a first piston (194) fixedly disposed on a piston rod of the pusher cylinder (19) to form a first sub-chamber (C1) and a second sub-chamber (C2).
- the second chamber is partitioned to form a third sub-chamber (C3) and a fourth sub-chamber (C4) by a second piston (195) fixedly disposed on the piston rod; and, the first sub-chamber (C1) and the third sub-chamber (C3) have parallel inlet/outlet ports, and the second sub-chamber (C2) and the fourth sub-chamber (C4) have parallel oil outlets/intakes Oil port.
- a flash welder (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flash welder (10) is provided with a first clamping mechanism for clamping and fixing the rail (G) during flash welding (13) And a second clamp mechanism (14); the first clamp mechanism (13) and the second clamp mechanism (14) are hinged by a central hinge shaft (15) of the flash welder (10), A first jaw (131) and a second jaw (141) are respectively disposed at a lower end of the first jaw mechanism (13) and the second jaw mechanism (14), and, in the first jaw mechanism (13) And a clamp driving device (16) disposed between the upper end of the second clamp mechanism (14), the clamp driving device (16) simultaneously driving the said rail (G) during clamping and fixing The first jaw mechanism (13) and the second jaw mechanism (14) are rotated relative to the central hinge shaft (15) such that the first jaw (131) and the second jaw (141) are oppositely Close or open;
- a sleeve (17) is disposed on the central hinge shaft (15), and a positioning block (21) is fixedly disposed at a lower portion of the sleeve (17);
- the lower clamping positioning surface (210, 310) of the positioning block (21, 31) comprises a medium pressure surface corresponding to the rail head surface (G6) of the rail (G) and the medium pressure surface a side pressure surface provided on at least one side of the two sides opposite to the protrusion and corresponding to the rail lip surface (G4) of the rail (G), the height difference of the side pressure surface protruding from the medium pressure surface (H) is equal to a height difference between the rail head tread (G6) and the rail lip tread (G4); wherein, the first jaw (131) and the second jaw (141) are respectively The shape of the narrow waist (G2) of the rail (G) at least partially coincides.
- the first blade body (181) has a blade shape corresponding to the outer contour shape of the rail (G9) of the rail (G);
- a second cutter body (182) having a knife edge shape corresponding to at least a contour shape of a rail groove (G5) of the rail (G);
- a third blade body (183) whose blade shape corresponds to the outer contour shape of the narrow waist (G2) of the rail (G);
- a fourth cutter body (184) having a knife edge shape corresponding to at least a bottom shape of a rail bottom (G1) of the rail (G);
- first blade body (181) and the second blade body (182) are hinged by a first hinge axis (XI), and the second blade body (182) and the third blade body (183) Hinged by the second hinge shaft (X2), the third cutter body (183) and the fourth cutter body (184) are hinged by the third hinge shaft (X3);
- the first blade body (181), the second blade body (182), the third blade body (183), and the fourth blade body (184) are surrounded and locked by a locking mechanism (185), the first The inner contour formed by the enveloping of the blade edge of the blade body (181), the second blade body (182), the third blade body (183) and the fourth blade body (184) and the outer contour of the cross section of the rail (G) are basically Match
- the second hinge shaft (X2) is disposed to be positioned after the second cutter body (182) is engaged in the rail groove (G5) of the rail (G) to enable the third cutter body ( 183) Freely hangs or disengages from the position of the narrow waist (G2) of the rail (G) relative to its rotation.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an asymmetric cross-section groove type rail of an exemplary embodiment.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the asymmetric cross-section groove type rail G shown in Fig. 1 laid left and right.
- Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of an asymmetric cross-section groove type rail flash welder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is an AA cross-sectional view of the asymmetric cross-section groove type rail flash welder of the embodiment of Figure 3.
- Figure 5 is a side elevational view of an asymmetric cross-section channel rail flash welder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a view showing the asymmetric cross-section groove type rail flash welder of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 when the jaws are opened.
- Figure 7 is a front elevational view of the hoisting sleeve of an embodiment.
- Figure 8 is a side elevational view of the hoisting sleeve of the embodiment shown in Figure 7.
- Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a T-shaped guide block of an embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a positioning block according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a positioning block according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the positioning and fixing of the positioning block of the embodiment shown in Figure 11 with respect to the right side rail.
- Figure 13 is a front elevational view of a pusher blade in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 14 is a perspective view showing the structure of a tumor pushing knife according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 15 to 18 are schematic views showing the boring process of the pusher blade of the embodiment shown in Figs. 13 and 14 on the opposite rail.
- Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a push-on cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- the asymmetric cross-section groove rail has the characteristics of asymmetrical and notch with respect to the I-shaped rail
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of the asymmetric cross-section groove rail of the exemplary embodiment, and the following is an embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the rail structure is described for the asymmetric section groove rail. As shown in Fig.
- the lower half of the asymmetric section groove type rail G is the same as the I-shaped rail, and the rail waist G8 is extended upward in the middle of the horizontally relatively wide rail bottom G1, and the rail bottom G1 and the rail waist G8 are
- the center line L 1 of the rail G is symmetrical, and the top of the rail waist G8 is a rail head G7 forming a rail head tread G6 and a rail lip G3 forming a rail lip surface G4, and a relative center line is formed between the rail head G7 and the rail lip G3.
- a rail groove G5 biased by L 1 a rail width G9 is formed between the rail bottom G1 and the rail head G7, and a narrow rail G2 is formed between the rail bottom G1 and the rail lip G3.
- the rail head G7 and the rail lip G3 are obviously asymmetrical about the center line L1, and there is a certain height difference between the rail head tread G6 and the rail lip tread G4, so that the rail waist wide mouth G9 and the rail waist narrow mouth G2
- the relative centerline L 1 is also significantly asymmetrical.
- a flash welder suitable for welding an asymmetric cross-section channel rail as shown in Fig. 1 is exemplified, and those skilled in the art will understand the flash welding of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the machine is not limited to the flash welder of the asymmetric section groove type rail G of the shape of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and in the case where the shape or the like of the asymmetric section groove type rail is equivalent or small, the person skilled in the art Corresponding equivalent changes can also be made in the teachings or teachings of the following embodiments. Therefore, for the clarity and clarity of the description, the corresponding flash welders of the asymmetric cross-section channel rails specified in the various standards are not enumerated.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the asymmetric cross-section groove type rail G shown in Fig. 1 laid down to the left and right.
- the left rail G and the right rail G which are respectively laid on the left and right sides, are arranged symmetrically in accordance with the center line L2 of their positions, and one of the objects of the present invention is to flash-weld the left rail G or right.
- the other of the left rail G or the right rail G can be continuously welded without turning the flash welder.
- the orientation terms of "left”, “right”, “upper” and “lower” are defined relative to the orientation in which the asymmetric section groove rails are placed in the drawings.
- these directional terms are relative concepts that are used for relative description and clarification, which may vary accordingly depending on the orientation of the asymmetric cross-section channel rail.
- FIG. 3 is a front view of an asymmetric cross-section groove type rail flash welder according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the AA cross-section groove type rail flash welder of the embodiment shown in FIG.
- Figure 5 is a side elevational view of an asymmetric cross-section groove type rail flash welder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 6 is an asymmetrical cutaway view of the embodiment of Figure 5.
- the flash welder 10 of the embodiment of the present invention will be exemplarily described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.
- the flash welder 10 mainly comprises two parts, namely a front box assembly 11 and a rear box assembly 12, the front box assembly consists of a left clamp mechanism 13 and a right clamp mechanism 14, a clamping cylinder 16, a central hinge shaft 15 and The left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 are composed as shown in FIG. 5; the rear box assembly is composed of a left clamp mechanism 13 and a right clamp mechanism 14, a clamping cylinder 16, a central hinge shaft 15, and a left jaw 131 and a right jaw 141.
- the composition is shown in Figure 6.
- the lower ends of the front case assembly 1 1 and the rear case assembly 12 constitute a horizontal movement pair through the cylinder shaft 93, so that the front case assembly 11 and the rear case assembly 12 can be moved relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the rail, the front case The body assembly 11 can be used to hold and secure a rail that requires welding, and the rear box assembly 12 can be used to hold the opposite rail that needs to be welded.
- a top forging cylinder 91 is provided at the outer end of the rear casing assembly 12, and the top forging cylinder 91 provides a driving force for the cylinder shaft 93.
- the flash welder 10 is provided with a central hinge shaft 15 that penetrates the front case assembly 11 and the rear case assembly 12; each of the front case assembly 11 and the rear case assembly 12 is provided with a left clamp mechanism 13 And a right clamp mechanism 14, a left jaw 131 and a right jaw 141 are respectively disposed at the lower ends of each of the pair of left jaw mechanisms 13 and the right jaw mechanism 14, and the upper ends of each pair of left jaw mechanism 13 and right jaw mechanism 14 A clamping cylinder 16 is disposed therebetween.
- the clamping cylinder 16 is disposed substantially horizontally, and the upper ends of the left and right jaw mechanisms 13 and 14 are respectively hinged at both ends thereof, such that the clamping cylinder 16 is
- the left clamp mechanism 13 and the right clamp mechanism 14 are driven to rotate relative to the fixed central hinge shaft 15, so that each pair of the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 can be relatively moved to close or open;
- the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 at least partially press the rail at the rail width G9 and the rail waist narrow G2 of the rail G, respectively.
- the left and right sides of the waist G8 thus achieving the rail in Holding fixed the right direction. Therefore, the clamping cylinder 16 provides a driving force for the clamping action, and the specific type thereof and the telescopic stroke are not limited.
- a welding transformer 91 can be placed in the left and right jaw mechanisms 13 and 14 for providing welding power during flash welding.
- each pair of the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 are coupled to the welding transformer 91, respectively. It is to be understood that the specific arrangement of the welding power source portion of the flash welding in the present invention is not limitative.
- the inside of the front case assembly 11 of the flash welder 10 is provided with a pusher blade 18 at one end facing the rear case assembly 11, and a pusher is provided at the outer end of the front case assembly 11.
- the cylinder 19 and the piston rod of the push cylinder 19 are connected to the pusher blade 18, and the push cylinder 19 can be
- the pusher blade 18 is provided with the power required for its relatively convex weld bead at the cutting weld location.
- the number of the pusher cylinders 19 can be, but is not limited to, two as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the hoisting sleeve of an embodiment
- Figure 8 is a side view of the hoisting sleeve shown in Figure 7
- Figure 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the T-shaped guide block of an embodiment.
- the central hinge shaft 15 is provided with a hoisting sleeve 17, and the collar of the hoisting sleeve 17 is mounted on the central hinge shaft 15, and is placed on the left clamp mechanism 13 and the right clamp mechanism.
- the key 179 is mainly used to axially and radially restrain the hoisting sleeve 17, so that the hoisting sleeve 17 is fixedly connected to the central hinge shaft 15.
- the upper end of the hoisting sleeve 17 is longitudinally convexly provided with a vertical guide block 173.
- the corresponding guide block 173 is provided with a T-shaped guide block 174.
- the guide block 173 is defined in the vertical direction of the T-shaped guide block 174. Thereby, the guide block 174 and the hoisting sleeve 17 can be relatively moved in the vertical direction.
- the collar of the hoisting boss 17 extends upwardly out of the support plate 176, and is longitudinally projected on the support plate 176 (parallel to the direction of the central hinge shaft 15).
- a rib 175 is provided at the junction of the block 173 and the support block 176.
- the main body of the guiding block 174 is provided with a vertical slot 1741, and the left and right sides of the main body extend out of the hinge arm 1742.
- the hinge arm 1742 is substantially symmetrically disposed to form substantially. T-shaped guide block 174.
- Each hinge arm 1742 is provided with a hinge hole through which the left and right hinge arms 1742 are respectively hinged with the upper ends of the left and right pull rods 171 and 172 (as shown in FIGS.
- the lower ends of the right pull rods 172 are hinged to the inner sides of the left and right gripper mechanisms 13 and 14, respectively, which are located at portions of the left and right gripper mechanisms 13 and 14 that are located above the central hinge shaft 15 .
- a positioning block is fixedly disposed at a lower portion of the hoisting sleeve 17.
- the positioning block 21 can be detachably fixed to the hoisting sleeve 17 by bolts or the like.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional structural view of a positioning block according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the cross section (the cross-sectional direction of the rail) of the positioning block 21 is substantially square, and the mounting surface 215 is formed thereon.
- the mounting surface 215 is as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the positioning surface 177 disposed on the lower end surface of the hoisting sleeve 17 is matched and fixed; the lower surface of the positioning block 21 forms a lower pressing surface 210, and the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 clamp the steel.
- the pressing surface 210 includes a medium pressure surface 211 and a first side pressure surface 212 and a second side pressure surface 213 on both sides of the medium pressure surface 211, and the medium pressure surface 211 corresponds to the rail head surface G6 of the rail G. It is provided that the first side pressing surface 212 and the second side pressing surface 213 are disposed corresponding to the rail lip tread G4 of the rail, and the first side pressing surface 212 and the second side pressing surface 213 protrude from the intermediate pressing surface 211 to form a step-like structure.
- the height difference H of the first side pressing surface 212 and the second side pressing surface 213 protruding from the intermediate pressure surface 211 is equal, and is set equal to the height difference between the rail head tread G6 and the rail lip tread G4. That is, the depth H of the depression of the intermediate pressure surface 211 with respect to the two side pressure surfaces 212 and 213 matches the height difference between the rail head surface G6 and the rail lip tread surface G4 on both sides of the rail groove of the rail G.
- the downward pressure can be distributed substantially evenly in the rail groove.
- the rail G is not easily inclined with respect to the ground, in particular, by providing two side pressing surfaces 212 and 213, as shown in Fig. 10, when welding the left rail, The one side pressing surface 212 acts on the rail lip tread G4 of the left side rail, and the second side pressing surface 213 is suspended, and when the right side rail is welded (as shown by the broken line in FIG.
- the first side pressing surface 212 is suspended from the rail lip tread G4 of the right rail.
- the medium pressure surface 211 is disposed such that it can interact with the pressing surface 211 when welding the left side rail and the right side rail. Therefore, the positioning block 21 can be applied to the welding of the left rail and the right rail at the same time, and the rail can be clamped and positioned by the same positioning block 21, which is advantageous for avoiding the turning of the flash welder 10.
- the positioning block 21 is arranged in a symmetrical structure.
- the positioning block 21 is symmetrical with respect to the center line L 1 of the rail under which it is pressed, and the first side pressing surface 212 and the second side pressing surface 213 are symmetrically disposed at At the right and left side edges, the intermediate pressure surface 21 1 is respectively connected to the first side pressure surface 212 and the second side pressure surface 213 through the first slope 21 12 and the second slope 21 13 , respectively.
- Two mounting holes for fixing the positioning block 21 may be provided on the intermediate pressure surface 21 1 .
- the width of the intermediate pressure surface 211 is greater than twice the distance from the left edge of the rail head G6 of the rail to the center line L 1 of the rail G, that is, the outer end of the rail head G7 of the rail G to the center line of the rail G
- the distance L 1 is twice as large as this, so as to prevent the first inclined surface 21 12 or the second inclined surface 21 13 from contacting the rail G to cause interference when the intermediate pressure surface 211 is pressed against the rail head surface G6.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a positioning block according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the section of the positioning block 31 (the direction of the cross-section of the rail) is substantially square, and the mounting surface 315 is formed thereon.
- the mounting surface 315 is as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
- the positioning surface 177 disposed on the lower end surface of the hoisting sleeve 17 is matched and fixed; the lower surface of the positioning block 31 forms a lower pressing surface 310, and before the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 clamp the rail of the rail G, the flash welding
- the weight of the apparatus of the machine 10 acts at least on the upper end of the rail G through the pressing surface 310, thereby creating a press-down fixation of the rails on the ground.
- the pressing surface 310 includes a medium pressure surface 31 1 and a side pressure surface 312 of the medium pressure surface 311.
- the medium pressure surface 31 1 is disposed corresponding to the rail head surface G6 of the rail G, and the side pressure surface 312 corresponds to The rail lip tread G4 is disposed, and the side pressing surface 312 protrudes from the intermediate pressing surface 31 1 to form a step-like structure, and the side pressing surface 312 is disposed on the left side of the positioning block 31 (as shown in FIG. 11) or the right side ( As shown in FIG. 11 , the intermediate pressure surface 311 is connected to the side pressure surface 312 through the inclined surface 3112 , respectively.
- the height difference H of the side pressing surface 312 protruding from the intermediate pressure surface 311 is equal, and is set equal to the height difference between the rail head tread G6 and the rail lip tread G4, that is, the intermediate pressure surface 31 1 is opposite to the side pressure.
- the depth H of the recess of the face 312 matches the difference in height between the rail head face G6 and the rail lip face G4 on both sides of the rail groove of the rail G.
- the side pressure surface 312 is pressed down to the rail lip surface G4, and the intermediate pressure surface 211 is pressed down to the rail head surface 06 to make the rail G less inclined with respect to the ground.
- the positioning block 31 lacks a side pressure surface arrangement on one side with respect to the positioning block 21 shown in FIG. 10, it can only apply the welding of the rail on one side, but it is possible to provide a plurality of different ones in the longitudinal direction of the rail.
- the positioning block 31, or by replacing the different positioning blocks 31, applies welding of rails on different sides.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the positioning and fixing of the positioning block of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 with respect to the right side rail.
- the side pressing surface 312 of the positioning block 31 shown in FIG. 11 is disposed on the right side of the intermediate pressure surface 311, and therefore, it is suitable for welding of the left side rail, as shown in FIG.
- the side pressing surface 312 of the positioning block 31 is disposed on the left side of the intermediate pressure surface 311, and therefore, it is suitable for welding of the right side rail.
- the different positioning blocks 31 may be selected by replacement to avoid the turning of the flash welder 10;
- a plurality of different types of positioning blocks 31 may be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the hoisting sleeve 17, that is, in the longitudinal direction of the rail (including the positioning block 31 suitable for the left rail as shown in FIG. Figure 12 shows the positioning block 31 for the right rail, so that the steel on the different sides of the weld
- different types of positioning blocks 31 can be selected for pressing down, thereby facilitating avoidance of the turning of the flash welder 10.
- the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 are shaped to at least partially coincide with the shape of the rail waist narrow (G2) of the rail G, respectively.
- the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the center line L1 of the rail G, and the jaw shapes of the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 are set to the rail waist narrow mouth G2 of the rail G.
- the shape is substantially uniform, so that whether the left side rail 131 and the right jaw 141 relatively clamp the right side rail (as shown in FIG.
- the left jaw 131 or the right jaw 141 can be completely It penetrates into the narrow side G2 of the rail G of the rail G, and of course can also completely extend into the rail width G9 of the rail G of the wider opening. Therefore, the design of the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 of the flash welder 10 of the embodiment of the present invention fully considers the asymmetric structural characteristics of the rail G, so that the jaws can completely clamp the left rail. It is also possible to completely clamp the right rail, thereby facilitating the avoidance of the turning of the flash welder 10.
- the left and right jaws can clamp the rail waist of the fixed rail G in the left and right direction, and the positioning block can be pressed down on the rail head tread surface and the rail lip tread surface in the up and down direction.
- the flash welder 10 does not need to be cumbersome in welding the rail G such as the tram line.
- the machine performs the turning and reversing, which greatly improves the welding construction efficiency on site.
- the left gripper In order to apply a relatively long distance from the outer end of the rail lip G4 of the rail G to the center line L1 (which is larger than the distance from the outer end of the rail head G7 of the rail G to the center line L1 of the rail G), the left gripper The vertical distance of the mouth 131 and the right jaw 141 from the center point of the central hinge shaft 15 is lengthened, so that at the same opening angle, the jaw opening between the left jaw 131 and the right jaw 141 is equal to the rail G.
- the length of twice the distance from the outer end of the rail head G7 to the center line L 1 is increased to be greater than or equal to the distance from the outer end of the rail lip G4 of the rail G to the outer end of the rail head G7 (that is, the width of the top of the rail G).
- the length is adapted to accommodate the relatively long distance of the outer end of the rail G of the rail G to the center line L1.
- the distance from the outer end of the rail head G7 of the rail G to the center line L1 is 40 mm, and the distance from the outer end of the rail lip G4 to the center line L1 is 70 mm, at a certain opening angle, through the left jaw 131 and the right clamp
- the lengthening of the vertical distance of the mouth 141 from the center point of the central hinge shaft 15 can increase the jaw opening distance by at least 110 mm (40 mm + 70 mm).
- the side rails can be easily welded freely, making them more suitable for rail (G) welding.
- Figure 13 is a front elevational view of a pusher blade according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 14 is a perspective view of a pusher blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the pusher blade 18 of the flash welder shown in Fig. 4 preferably uses the structure of the embodiment shown in Figs. 13 and 14.
- the tumor pushing blade 18 of the present embodiment includes a left blade body 181, an upper blade body 182, a right blade body 183, a lower blade body 184, and a locking mechanism 185, and a lock.
- the tightening mechanism 185 is disposed on the left cutter body 181.
- the bottom of the left cutter body 181 is provided with the stopper 1811
- the left end of the lower cutter body 184 is provided with a recess 1841 in the middle of the thickness direction.
- the stopper 181 1 is embedded in the recess 1841.
- the contour shape of the network corresponds to the outer contour shape of the cross section of the rail G, that is, the inner contour of the envelope surrounded by the left cutter body 181, the upper cutter body 182, the right cutter body 183, and the lower cutter body 184 and the rail (G)
- the outer contour of the section is basically the same.
- the shape of the knife edge of the left cutter body 181 mainly corresponds to the outer contour of the rail waist wide mouth G9 of the rail G, that is, the left cutter body 181 extends deep into the rail waist wide mouth G9;
- the shape of the knife edge of the upper cutter body 182 mainly corresponds to The outer contour of the rail head G6, the rail groove G5 and the rail lip surface G4 of the rail G, that is, the upper cutter body 182 extends downward into the rail groove G;
- the shape of the knife edge of the right cutter body 183 mainly corresponds to the rail waist of the rail G
- the outer contour of the narrow mouth G2, that is, the right cutter body 183 extends deep into the narrow waist G2 of the rail;
- the shape of the knife edge of the lower cutter body 184 mainly corresponds to the bottom surface of the rail G.
- the upper portion of the left blade body 181 and the left portion of the upper blade body 182 are hinged by the pin shaft XI at the upper left of the inner contour of the envelope (that is, the upper left side of the tumor-triggered rail G).
- the right portion of the cutter body 182 and the upper portion of the right cutter body 183 are hinged in the upper right side of the envelope inner contour (that is, the upper right direction of the rail G to be pushed up) by the pin X2, the lower portion and the lower portion of the right cutter body 3
- the right portion of the cutter body 4 is outside the right side of the bottom edge of the inner contour of the envelope (that is, the right side of the rail bottom of the rail G to be pushed up) is hinged by the pin X3, and the locking mechanism 185 and the left cutter body 181
- the hinge point of the pin X4 is substantially uniformly arranged with respect to the height of the hinge point of the axis X4.
- 15 to 18 are schematic views showing the process of hanging the knife of the embodiment shown in Figs. 13 and 14 on the opposite rail.
- the pusher blade 18 is first required to surround the welded rail G and placed on the rail G, that is, the hanging process is performed, and the specific steps are as follows:
- the locking mechanism 185 is opened, and the left cutter body 181, the right cutter body 183 and the lower cutter body 184 are opened, and the upper cutter body 182 is clamped on the rail groove of the rail G;
- the left cutter body 181 is first closed so that the knife edge is close to the inner surface of the rail waist wide mouth G9 of the rail G;
- the lower cutter body 184 is controlled, and the cutter edges of the right cutter body 183 and the lower cutter body 184 are brought close to the corresponding surfaces of the rail G. Specifically, the cutter edge of the right cutter body 183 is close to the rail of the rail G. The waist narrow mouth G2, the knife edge of the lower cutter body 184 is close to the bottom surface of the rail bottom of the rail G;
- the pusher blade 18 is pushed under the driving of the pusher cylinder 19, and after the tumor is pushed, the stripping process is performed. Specifically, the stripping process is completely opposite to the above-described hanging step.
- the inner contour shape formed by the edge envelope of the left cutter body 181, the upper cutter body 182, the right cutter body 183, and the lower cutter body 184 is the rail shape of the tumor-injected rail.
- the size of the gap between G is not restrictive. The smaller the gap, the more protruding the weld bead is removed, the surface of the weld is flatter, and the labor intensity of manual grinding is smaller, but too small a gap is easy to cause difficulty. Push the tumor.
- the Applicant has found that due to the asymmetrical shape of the rail G, the depths of the rail waist width G9 and the rail waist narrow mouth G3 on the left and right sides are inconsistent in the horizontal direction, and the rail waist is narrow.
- the cutting edge of the right cutter body 183 is easily stuck at a certain position, that is, it is not easy to realize the hanging and unscission of the right cutter body 183, and it is also easy to damage the cutting edge and/or The surface of the rail G.
- This problem can be achieved by increasing the gap between the inner contour formed by the envelope of the pusher blade 18 and the rail G, but this makes the tumor inducing effect significantly worse.
- the above problem is avoided by defining the position of the hinge axis X2, that is, the position of the center point 03 of the right blade body 183 that is relatively rotated during the hanging or unscrewing process.
- the position of the hinge axis X2, that is, the point 03 is limited to a square shaded area surrounded by S l, S2, S3, S4 as shown in FIG.
- S 1 is the passing of the rail head tread G6
- S2 is the extension line of the rail waist center line L 1 upward of the rail G
- S3 is the vertical extension line of the right end of the rail bottom G1
- the side length of the square is Half of the width of the rail bottom G1 after the side length of the square is determined
- S4 is a straight line in which S 1 is translated parallel upward by a long distance.
- the hinge axis X2 ie, point 03
- the hinge axis X2 is vertically aligned with a point 01 as shown in FIG. 13, that is, the line connecting 01 and 03 is parallel to the center line L1, where 01 is the groove of the track groove G5.
- the center of the arc chamfer at the junction of the right end of the mouth (ie, the outer end) and the rail lip tread G4, more preferably, the hinge axis X2 is aligned with the 01 setting as shown in FIG. 13, 03 distance side S
- the distance of 1 is greater than or equal to 1/4 of the width of the rail bottom G1 and less than or equal to 1/2 of the width of the rail bottom G1. Therefore, the position point of the hinge axis X2, that is, the hinge point 03, is disposed so that the right blade body 183 can be rotatably freely engaged with or detached from the rail G after being positioned by the rail groove G5 of the upper cutter body 182 being engaged with the rail G.
- the height of the hinge shaft XI is consistent with the height of the hinge axis X2, that is, the connection point of the hinge point of the hinge shaft XI and the hinge point of the hinge shaft X2 is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the rail bottom of the rail G; the right cutter body 183 and The hinge axis X3 of the lower cutter body 184 may specifically be located on an extension line of the upper right 45° position of the center 02 of the portion of the inner contour of the envelope corresponding to the circular arc chamfer of the right side of the rail bottom G1 of the rail G.
- the height of the hinge axis X3 can be the same as the height of the hinge axis X4.
- the center of gravity of the pusher blade 18 of the above embodiment is relatively easy to overlap with the center position of the pusher blade, so that after the hanging knife, the center of gravity of the pusher blade 18 and the theoretical center position of the rail are also easily substantially coincident, in particular, each The cutter body, especially the right cutter body, is not easily caught or interfered by the surface of the rail during the hanging knife or the knife removal process. Therefore, the efficiency of the manual hanging knife and the knife removal is greatly improved, and the operation and use are very convenient.
- each of the blades of the pusher blade is set to a further edge S (see Fig. 14S), that is, each blade has a double-edged edge and the cutting edge is set to
- the contour of the convex body of the protruding body is fixed, and the shape of the edge of each blade is matched with the cross-sectional profile of the rail G.
- both sides of the blade can be pushed, and the rail G is welded to one side.
- the flash welder 10 does not need to turn around, and the 180° steering of the pusher 18 can be manually performed to perform the tumor cutting process on the other side of the rail G.
- the use of the double-sided cutting edge is uniform, instead of being forced in only one direction, similar to the one-sided cutting edge, which helps to reduce the deformation of the pusher blade body and ensure the cutting allowance.
- the uniformity of the hook improve the efficiency and service life.
- the flash welder 10 in order to apply the requirement that the flash welder 10 does not turn over the head, the flash welder 10 is provided with two pusher blades for performing the tumor-inducing treatment on the left and right side rails G, respectively.
- the specific structural settings can be as shown in Figures 13 and 14 above. It should be understood that in the above description of the pusher blade, the orientation terms in the left and right blades (for example, “left”, “right,") are relative to those shown in Figures 13 and 14.
- the orientation of the knife on the right rail G is defined. When the lateral position of the rail being pushed changes, the orientation between the left and right cutters also changes. Therefore, the left cutter body refers to the shape of the knife edge.
- the body of the outer contour of the rail width G9 of the G of the rail, and the right body means the body of the outer contour of the narrow waist G2 of the G of the rail corresponding to the shape of the rail.
- Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a pusher cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 and 4, the pusher cylinder 19 of this embodiment is used to provide a driving force to the knob 18, and the Applicant has found that the cross-sectional shape of the asymmetric section groove rail G is complicated, and the section circumference is long. It will increase significantly, and the circumference of the corresponding welded section will also increase. More welds need to be cut once by the pusher knife. Thus, the thrust provided by the existing pusher cylinders obviously cannot meet the requirements of the tumor cutting, that is, The thrust is too small.
- the push cylinder 19 includes a chamber cylinder, a cylinder bottom 191 and a cylinder head 192.
- the piston rod 196 passes through the cylinder head 192.
- the push cylinder 19 adopts a double chamber cylinder structure, specifically Separating the chamber into two chambers in series, that is, the first chamber and the second chamber, by providing a fixed (eg, weld-fixed) partition 193 in a chamber formed by the cylinder bottom 191 and the cylinder head 192 Specifically, the volume of the first chamber may be, but not limited to, equal to the volume of the second chamber; two parallelly disposed parallel pistons 194 and 195 on the piston rod 196 are in the first chamber and the second chamber, respectively.
- each piston divides each chamber into two sub-chambers, forming a first sub-chamber C1, a second sub-chamber C2, a third sub-chamber C3, and a fourth sub-chamber as shown in FIG. C4.
- the piston 194 is provided with a first communication valve 1941 capable of communicating (in the case of the valve opening) the first sub-chamber C1 and the second sub-chamber C2 on the left and right sides;
- the piston 195 is provided with a second communication valve 1951 It is capable of communicating (with the valve open) the third sub-chamber C3 and the fourth sub-chamber C4 on the left and right sides.
- the first communication valve 1941 and the second communication valve 1951 may be normally closed one-way push valves.
- first chamber and the second chamber have a parallel oil inlet 197 and an oil outlet 198, wherein the first sub-chamber C1 and the third sub-chamber C3 are respectively disposed in parallel on the chamber wall
- the oil inlet 197, the second sub-chamber C2, and the chamber wall on the chamber wall of the fourth sub-chamber C4 are respectively provided with parallel oil outlets 198.
- piston 194 and piston 195 are able to move synchronously and have substantially the same stroke.
- the pusher cylinder 19 In normal operation, the pusher cylinder 19 is fixed on the flash welder 10.
- the first subchamber C1 and the third subchamber C3 are simultaneously injected with pressurized oil, the piston rod 196 is extended to the right, and the piston rod 196 is extended.
- the pusher blade 18 whose end is connected is cut forward.
- the thrust generated by the piston rod 196 is the sum of the thrust generated by the piston 194 of the left and right cylinders and the piston 195; when the piston 195 is pushed close to the cylinder head 192, the piston The second communication valve 1951 on the 195 is opened, at which time the third sub-chamber C3 and the fourth sub-chamber C4 are in communication, thereby greatly reducing the impact force of the piston 195 on the cylinder head 192; likewise, the piston 194 is pushed When the cylinder bottom 191 is approached, the communication valve 1941 on the piston 194 is opened.
- the first sub-chamber C1 and the second sub-chamber C2 are in communication, which reduces the impact force of the piston 194 on the cylinder bottom 191;
- the communication valve 1941 is gradually opened, and the sub-chambers on both sides of the piston 194 are in fluid communication;
- the piston 195 is adjacent to the right stroke limit position, the communication valve 1951 is gradually opened, the piston 195 sides of the child Fluid communication with the chamber. Therefore, the push cylinder of the embodiment of the invention can increase the thrust output of the push cylinder without increasing the diameter of the cylinder, and ensure the smooth cutting of the asymmetric section groove rail, and solve the flash welder.
- the design layout problem is difficult, and the pressure relief device similar to the communication valve is arranged on the piston to eliminate the phenomenon that the piston hits the bottom of the cylinder and the cylinder head, thereby eliminating the problem of the problem caused by the increase of power, and enabling the equipment to operate smoothly.
- the design of the cavity tube and the joy piston of the embodiment of Fig. 19 makes the structure of the push cylinder more compact, and can realize a larger thrust output than the cylinder of the same diameter, for example, the thrust output reaches 1.7 of the same diameter cylinder. Double thrust output.
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Abstract
一种推瘤油缸(19),所述推瘤油缸(19)设置有包括第一腔室和第二腔室的双腔缸体结构,所述推瘤油缸(19)的活塞杆(196)穿过所述第一腔室和第二腔室,所述第一腔室通过固定设置在所述推瘤油缸(19)的活塞杆(196)上的第一活塞(194)分隔形成第一子腔室(C1)和第二子腔室(C2),所述第二腔室通过固定设置在所述活塞杆(196)上的第二活塞(195)分隔形成第三子腔室(C3)和第四子腔室(C4);并且,所述第一子腔室(C1)和第三子腔室(C3)具有并联的进油口/出油口,所述第二子腔室(C2)和第四子腔室(C4)具有并联的出油口/进油口。还公开了一种使用上述推瘤油缸(19)的非对称截面槽型钢轨(G)闪光焊机(10)。推瘤油缸可以在不增加油缸直径的情况下,增大推瘤油缸的推力输出,保证非对称截面槽型钢轨的推瘤切削的顺利进行,解决闪光焊机的结构设计布局难题。
Description
推瘤油缸以及使用其的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机
技术领域
本发明属于轨道闪光焊接技术领域, 涉及一种推瘤油缸以及使用 该推瘤油缸的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机。 背景技术
在轨道焊接技术领域, 闪光焊开始应用于轨道焊接领域以实现钢 轨的无缝焊接, 特别是在工字型钢轨的焊接中, 闪光焊以及闪光焊机 (特别是移动式闪光焊机) 的技术不断发展进步并且越来越成熟。
现有的闪光焊接技术中, 在闪光焊接结束后会引入推瘤切削步骤 对相对凸出的焊瘤进行推瘤处理。 因此, 相应地, 会在闪光焊机中设 置推瘤刀装置以及用于为推瘤刀提供推力的推瘤油缸, 推瘤油缸通过 其活塞杆输出推力至推瘤刀。
但是, 闪光焊机中所设计的推瘤油缸容易存在推力输出不够的问 题, 从而严重影响推瘤处理的效率, 尤其是在非对称截面槽型钢轨的 闪光焊接领域, 针对传统的工字型钢轨而设计的推瘤油缸明显不能满 足非对称截面槽型钢轨的闪光焊接推瘤处理要求。
现有技术中, 增加推瘤油缸的推力输出一般地通过增大油缸的直 径或增加液压系统压力来实现, 但是油缸直径过大会引起闪光焊机布 局设计困难、 要求推瘤切削力与推瘤阻力之间的悬臂增大、 推瘤刀受 更大弯矩导致推瘤刀易变形、 寿命减少等难题; 而液压系统压力的增 加会增大生产成本、 增加回路泄漏风险。 油缸推力增大也容易造成活 塞往返运动时对油缸两端的撞击力增大, 振动和动能损耗大。 发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于, 在可以不增加推瘤油缸的油缸直径的情 况下增加推瘤油缸的推力输出。
本发明的还一目的在于, 提出一种适用于焊接非对称截面槽型钢 轨的闪光焊机。
为实现以上目的或者其他目的, 本发明提供以下技术方案。
按照本发明的一方面, 提供一种推瘤油缸 ( 19 ) , 所述推瘤油缸
( 19) 设置有包括第一腔室和第二腔室的双腔缸体结构, 所述推瘤油 缸 ( 19) 的活塞杆 ( 196) 穿过所述第一腔室和第二腔室, 所述第一腔 室通过固定设置在所述推瘤油缸 ( 19) 的活塞杆上的第一活塞 ( 194) 分隔形成第一子腔室 (C1) 和第二子腔室 (C2) , 所述第二腔室通过 固定设置在所述活塞杆上的第二活塞( 195)分隔形成第三子腔室(C3) 和第四子腔室(C4); 并且, 所述第一子腔室(C1)和第三子腔室(C3) 具有并联的进油口 /出油口, 所述第二子腔室(C2)和第四子腔室(C4) 具有并联的出油口 /进油口。
按照本发明的又一方面, 提供一种非对称截面槽型钢轨(G) 闪光 焊机 ( 10) , 所述闪光焊机 ( 10) 中设置有用于为推瘤刀 ( 18) 提供 推力的以上所述的推瘤油缸 ( 19) 。
根据本发明一实施例的闪光焊机( 10) , 其中, 所述闪光焊机( 10) 中设置有用于在闪光焊接过程中夹持固定所述钢轨( G )的第一夹钳机 构 ( 13) 和第二夹钳机构 ( 14) ; 所述第一夹钳机构 ( 13) 和第二夹 钳机构 ( 14) 通过所述闪光焊机 ( 10) 的中心铰轴 ( 15)铰接, 所述 第一夹钳机构 ( 13) 和第二夹钳机构 ( 14) 的下端分别设置有第一钳 口 ( 131 ) 和第二钳口 ( 141 ) , 并且, 在所述第一夹钳机构 ( 13 ) 和 第二夹钳机构 ( 14) 的上端之间配置有夹钳驱动装置 ( 16) , 所述夹 钳驱动装置( 16)在夹持固定所述钢轨(G)的过程中同时驱动所述第 一夹钳机构 ( 13) 和第二夹钳机构 ( 14) 相对所述中心铰轴 ( 15) 转 动以使所述第一钳口 ( 131) 和第二钳口 ( 141 ) 之间相对地闭合或打 开;
并且, 在所述中心铰轴 ( 15) 上套装有轴套 ( 17) , 在所述轴套 ( 17) 的下部固定设置有定位块 (21 ) ;
其中, 所述定位块 (21, 31) 的下夹持定位面 (210, 310) 包括 对应所述钢轨 ( G) 的轨头踏面 (G6) 而设置的中压面以及在所述中 压面的两侧的至少一侧相对凸起设置的、 对应所述钢轨(G)的轨唇踏 面 (G4) 而设置的侧压面, 所述侧压面相对所述中压面凸出的高度差 (H)等于所述轨头踏面 (G6) 与所述轨唇踏面 (G4)之间的高度差; 其中, 所述第一钳口 ( 131) 和第二钳口 ( 141) 的分别均与所述 钢轨 (G) 的轨腰窄口 (G2) 的形状至少局部地相吻合。
按照本发明一实施例的闪光焊机( 10) , 其中, 所述推瘤刀 ( 18)
包括:
第一刀体( 181), 其刀口形状对应于钢轨的(G)的轨腰宽口(G9) 的外轮廓形状设置;
第二刀体( 182 ), 其刀口形状至少对应于钢轨的( G )的轨槽( G5 ) 的轮廓形状设置;
第三刀体( 183), 其刀口形状对应于钢轨的(G)的轨腰窄口(G2) 的外轮廓形状设置;
第四刀体( 184) , 其刀口形状至少对应于钢轨的( G)的轨底( G1 ) 的底面形状设置; 以及
锁紧机构 ( 185) ;
其中, 所述第一刀体 ( 181 ) 和所述第二刀体 ( 182) 通过第一铰 轴 (XI)铰接, 所述第二刀体 ( 182) 与所述第三刀体 ( 183) 通过第 二铰轴 (X2)铰接, 所述第三刀体 ( 183) 与所述第四刀体 ( 184) 通 过第三铰轴 (X3)铰接;
所述第一刀体 ( 181 ) 、 第二刀体 ( 182) 、 第三刀体 ( 183) 和第 四刀体( 184)围拢并通过锁紧机构( 185)锁紧后,所述第一刀体( 181)、 第二刀体( 182) 、 第三刀体 ( 183 ) 和第四刀体 ( 184) 的刀口所包络 形成的内轮廓与所述钢轨 (G) 的截面外轮廓基本相吻合;
并且, 所述第二铰轴(X2)被设置在所述第二刀体( 182)被卡入 所述钢轨 (G) 的轨槽 (G5) 进行定位后能够使所述第三刀体 ( 183) 相对其旋转自由地挂入或脱离所述钢轨 (G) 的轨腰窄口 (G2) 的位 置。 附图说明
从结合附图的以下详细说明中, 将会使本发明的上述和其他目的 及优点更加完整清楚, 其中, 相同或相似的要素采用相同的标号表示。
图 1是一典型实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨的截面结构示意图。 图 2是图 1所示的非对称截面槽型钢轨 G按左右铺设后的示意图。 图 3 是按照本发明一实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机的主 视图。
图 4是图 3所示实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机的 A-A截 面视图。
图 5 是按照本发明一实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机的侧 面视图。
图 6是图 5所示实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机在钳口打 开状态时的示意图。
图 7是一实施例的吊装轴套的主视图。
图 8是图 7所示实施的吊装轴套的侧视图。
图 9是一实施例的 T型导向块的结构示意图。
图 10是按照本发明一实施例的定位块的截面结构示意图。
图 1 1是按照本发明又一实施例的定位块的截面结构示意图。 图 12是图 11 所示实施例的定位块相对右侧钢轨的定位固定示意 图。
图 13是按照本发明一实施例的推瘤刀的主视图。
图 14是按照本发明一实施例的推瘤刀的立体结构示意图。
图 15至图 18是图 13和 14所示实施例的推瘤刀在相对钢轨的挂 刀过程示意图。
图 19是按照本发明一实施例的推瘤油缸的截面结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面介绍的是本发明的多个可能实施例中的一些, 旨在提供对本 发明的基本了解, 并不旨在确认本发明的关键或决定性的要素或限定 所要保护的范围。 容易理解, 根据本发明的技术方案, 在不变更本发 明的实质精神下, 本领域的一般技术人员可以提出可相互替换的其他 实现方式。 因此, 以下具体实施方式以及附图仅是对本发明的技术方 方案的限定或限制。
下面的描述中, 为描述的清楚和筒明, 并没有对图中所示的所有 多个部件进行描述。 附图中示出了多个部件为本领域普通技术人员提 供本发明的完全能够实现的公开内容。 对于本领域技术人员来说, 许 多部件的操作都是熟悉而且明显的。
非对称截面槽型钢轨相对工字型钢轨具有非对称和槽口的特点, 图 1 示出了一典型实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨的截面结构示意图, 以下以图 1所示实施例的钢轨对非对称截面槽型钢轨进行结构说明。
如图 1所示,非对称截面槽型钢轨 G的下半部与工字型钢轨相同, 在水平的相对较宽的轨底 G1 中部朝上延伸出轨腰 G8 , 轨底 G1和轨 腰 G8关于钢轨 G的中心线 L 1对称, 轨腰 G8的顶部为形成有轨头踏 面 G6的轨头 G7以及形成有轨唇踏面 G4的轨唇 G3 , 轨头 G7与轨唇 G3之间形成相对中心线 L 1偏置的轨槽 G5 , 轨底 G1与轨头 G7之间 形成轨腰宽口 G9 , 轨底 G1与轨唇 G3之间形成轨腰窄口 G2。 因此, 轨头 G7与轨唇 G3明显关于中心线 L 1明显不对称,轨头踏面 G6与轨 唇踏面 G4 之间存在一定的高度差, 从而, 轨腰宽口 G9 与轨腰窄口 G2之间相对中心线 L 1也明显不对称。
需要理解的是, 在以下实施例中, 以适用于焊接如图 1 所示的非 对称截面槽型钢轨的闪光焊机进行示例说明, 本领域技术人员将理解 到本发明的实施例的闪光焊机并不限于图 1 所示实施例形状的非对称 截面槽型钢轨 G的闪光焊机, 在非对称截面槽型钢轨的形状等发生等 同的或者较小变化的情况下, 本领域技术人员在以下实施例的教导或 启示下, 也能够作出相应的等同改变。 因此, 为了描述的清楚和筒明, 未对各种标准中所规定的非对称截面槽型钢轨的对应的闪光焊机进行 ——列举。
图 2所示为图 1所示的非对称截面槽型钢轨 G按左右铺设后的示 意图。 如图 2所示, 分别左右两侧铺设的左钢轨 G和右钢轨 G基本地 按照它们的所处位置的中心线 L2对称地布置, 本发明的目的之一在于 闪光焊接完左钢轨 G或右钢轨 G中的一个后, 可以在不对闪光焊机掉 头转向的情况下对左钢轨 G或右钢轨 G中的另一个进行继续焊接。 需 要说明的是, 在本文中, "左"、 "右"、 "上"和"下"的方位术语是相对于 附图中的非对称截面槽型钢轨所置放的方位来定义的。 并且, 应当理 解到, 这些方向性术语是相对的概念, 它们用于相对于的描述和澄清, 其可以根据非对称截面槽型钢轨所置放的方位的变化而相应地发生变 化。
在下文中, "非对称截面槽型钢轨"筒称为 "钢轨"。
图 3 所示为按照本发明一实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机 的主视图, 图 4所示为图 3所示实施例的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊 机的 A-A截面视图, 图 5所示为按照本发明一实施例的非对称截面槽 型钢轨闪光焊机的侧面视图, 图 6所示为图 5所示实施例的非对称截
面槽型钢轨闪光焊机在钳口打开状态时的示意图。 以下首先结合图 3 至图 6对本发明实施例的闪光焊机 10进行示例性地详细说明。
闪光焊机 10主要包括两部分,即前箱体组件 1 1和后箱体组件 12 , 前箱体组件由左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14、 夹紧油缸 16、 中心铰 轴 15及左钳口 131和右钳口 141组成如图 5; 后箱体组件由左夹钳机 构 13和右夹钳机构 14、 夹紧油缸 16、 中心铰轴 15及左钳口 131和右 钳口 141组成如图 6。前箱体组件 1 1和后箱体组件 12的下端通过缸轴 93构成水平移动副, 从而前箱体组件 1 1和后箱体组件 12之间可以在 钢轨的长度方向相对的移动, 前箱体组件 11可以用来夹持固定需要焊 接的一钢轨, 后箱体组件 12可以用来夹持固定需要焊接的相对的另一 钢轨。 在该实施例中, 在后箱体组件 12的外端设置有顶锻油缸 91 , 顶 锻油缸 91为缸轴 93提供驱动力。
闪光焊机 10中设置有中心铰轴 15 , 中心铰轴 15贯穿前箱体组件 11和后箱体组件 12; 前箱体组件 1 1和后箱体组件 12中各设置有左夹 钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14 ,每对左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14的下 端分别设置左钳口 131和右钳口 141 , 每对左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机 构 14的上端之间设置有夹紧油缸 16 , 在该实施例中, 夹紧油缸 16大 致水平地布置, 其两端分别铰接左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14的上 端部, 这样, 夹紧油缸 16在水平伸缩动作时, 驱动左夹钳机构 13和 右夹钳机构 14相对固定的中心铰轴 15转动, 从而可以使每对左钳口 131和右钳口 141可以相对地运动以闭合或者打开;在如图 5所示实施 例的对左侧钢轨的闪光焊接过程中, 左钳口 131和右钳口 141分别在 钢轨 G的轨腰宽口 G9和轨腰窄口 G2处至少部分地压紧轨腰 G8的左 右两面, 从而实现对钢轨在左右方向的夹持固定。 因此, 夹紧油缸 16 为夹钳动作提供驱动力, 其具体类型以及伸缩行程等不是限制性的。
在该实施例中, 左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14 内可以安置焊接 变压器 91 , 用于在闪光焊的过程中提供焊接电源。 在该实施例中, 每 对左钳口 131和右钳口 141分别与焊接变压器 91耦接。 需要理解是, 在本发明中闪光焊的焊接电源部分的具体设置不是限制性的。
在该实施例中, 闪光焊机 10的前箱体组件 1 1 内部的在相向于后 箱体组件 1 1的一端装有推瘤刀 18 , 在前箱体组件 11的外端设置有推 瘤油缸 19 , 推瘤油缸 19的活塞杆与推瘤刀 18连接, 推瘤油缸 19可以
为推瘤刀 18提供其在切削焊接位置处的相对外凸的焊瘤所需的动力。 推瘤油缸 19的个数可以但不限于如图 4所示的两个。
图 7所示为一实施例的吊装轴套的主视图, 图 8所示为图 7所示 实施的吊装轴套的侧视图, 图 9所示为一实施例的 T型导向块的结构 示意图。 结合图 5至图 9所示, 中心铰轴 15上套装有吊装轴套 17, 吊 装轴套 17的套环被装在中心铰轴 15上, 并且置于左夹钳机构 13与右 夹钳机构 14之间, 键 179主要用作对吊装轴套 17起轴向、 径向约束 作用, 使得吊装轴套 17与中心铰轴 15固定连接。 吊装轴套 17上端纵 向地外凸设置有垂向的导块 173 ,对应导块 173设置有 T形导向块 174 , 导块 173被限定在 T形导向块 174的在垂直方向设置的滑槽 1741中, 从而导向块 174和吊装轴套 17之间可以相对地在垂直方向运动。
如图 7和图 8所示, 在该实施例中, 吊装轴套 17的套环向上延伸 出支撑板 176 , 在支撑板 176上纵向地 (平行于中心铰轴 15的方向) 外凸出导块 173 , 导块 173与支撑板 176的连接处设置加强筋 175。
如图 9所示, 在该实施例中, 导向块 174的主体上设置有垂直方 向的滑槽 1741 , 主体左右两侧延伸出铰支臂 1742 , 铰支臂 1742基本 对称设置, 从而大致地形成 T形的导向块 174。 每个铰支臂 1742上设 置铰接孔, 通过铰接孔, 左右两侧的铰支臂 1742分别与左拉杆 171和 右拉杆 172的上端铰接 (如图 5和图 6所示) , 左拉杆 171和右拉杆 172的下端分别与左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14的内侧处铰接,该铰 接位置位于左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14的相对地位于中心铰轴 15 以上的部分处。 这样, 通过向 T形导向块 174和吊装轴套 17之间只可 在垂直方向运动的特点, 确保左夹钳机构 13和右夹钳机构 14相对中 心轴旋转角度一致。
继续如图 4至图 9所示, 在吊装轴套 17的下部固定设置有定位块
21 , 定位块 21可以但不限于通过螺栓等方式可拆卸地固定在吊装轴套 17上。
图 10所示为按照本发明一实施例的定位块的截面结构示意图。 在 该实施例中, 定位块 21的截面 (钢轨截面方向) 大致呈方形, 上面形 成安装面 215 , 在安装固定在吊装轴套 17上时, 安装面 215与如图 7 和图 8所示的在吊装轴套 17的下端面设置的定位面 177相匹配固定; 定位块 21的下面形成下压面 210 , 在左钳口 131和右钳口 141夹紧钢
轨 G的轨腰前, 闪光焊机 10的设备的重量至少部分地通过下压面 210 作用在钢轨 G的上端, 从而对地面上的钢轨产生下压固定。 在该实施 例中, 下压面 210包括中压面 211 以及中压面 211 两侧的第一侧压面 212和第二侧压面 213 ,中压面 211对应钢轨 G的轨头踏面 G6而设置, 第一侧压面 212和第二侧压面 213对应钢轨的轨唇踏面 G4而设置,第 一侧压面 212和第二侧压面 213相对中压面 211 凸出形成类似台阶的 结构, 第一侧压面 212和第二侧压面 213相对中压面 211 凸出的高度 差 H相等, 并且被设置为等于轨头踏面 G6与所述轨唇踏面 G4之间的 高度差,也即, 中压面 211相对两个侧压面 212和 213的凹陷的深度 H 与钢轨 G的轨槽两侧的轨头踏面 G6和轨唇踏面 G4之间的高度差相匹 配。
这样, 在第一侧压面 212和第二侧压面 213 的任一个下压至轨唇 面 G4、 中压面 21 1下压至轨头 面 G6时, 下压力可以大致均匀地 分布在轨槽两侧的轨唇踏面 G4和轨头踏面 G6上,使钢轨 G相对地面 不易倾斜, 尤其地, 通过设置两个侧压面 212和 213 , 如图 10所示, 在焊接左侧钢轨时,第一侧压面 212与左侧钢轨的轨唇踏面 G4相作用、 第二侧压面 213悬空,而在焊接右侧钢轨时(如图 10中虛线部分所示), 第二侧压面 213与右侧钢轨的轨唇踏面 G4相作用、第一侧压面 212悬 空, 当然, 中压面 211 位置设置使其在焊接左侧钢轨和右侧钢轨时都 能与其中压面 211相作用, 因此, 定位块 21能同时适用于左侧钢轨和 右侧钢轨的焊接, 可以借助同一定位块 21对钢轨夹持定位, 有利于避 免闪光焊机 10掉头转向。
优选地, 定位块 21 设置为对称结构, 在该实施例中, 定位块 21 相对其下压的钢轨的中心线 L 1对称,第一侧压面 212和第二侧压面 213 对称地设置在右左两侧边沿处, 中压面 21 1分别通过第一斜面 21 12和 第二斜面 21 13分别与第一侧压面 212和第二侧压面 213过渡连接。 中 压面 21 1上可以设置用于固定定位块 21的两个安装孔。 中压面 211的 宽度大于钢轨的轨头踏面 G6的左侧边沿至钢轨 G的中心线 L 1的距离 的两倍, 也即, 大于钢轨 G的轨头 G7的外端到钢轨 G的中心线 L 1 的距离的两倍, 这样, 防止在中压面 211下压在轨头踏面 G6时, 避免 第一斜面 21 12或第二斜面 21 13等接触钢轨 G造成干涉作用。
图 1 1所示为按照本发明又一实施例的定位块的截面结构示意图。
如图 1 1 所示, 定位块 31 的截面 (钢轨截面方向) 大致呈方形, 上面 形成安装面 315 , 在安装固定在吊装轴套 17上时, 安装面 315与如图 7和图 8所示的在吊装轴套 17的下端面设置的定位面 177相匹配固定; 定位块 31的下面形成下压面 310 , 在左钳口 131和右钳口 141夹紧钢 轨 G的轨腰前, 闪光焊机 10的设备的重量至少部分地通过下压面 310 作用在钢轨 G的上端, 从而对地面上的钢轨产生下压固定。 在该实施 例中, 下压面 310包括中压面 31 1以及中压面 311—侧的侧压面 312 , 中压面 31 1对应钢轨 G的轨头踏面 G6而设置, 侧压面 312对应钢轨 的轨唇踏面 G4而设置,侧压面 312相对中压面 31 1凸出形成类似台阶 的结构, 侧压面 312设置在定位块 31 的左侧 (如图 11所示) 或右侧 (如图 11所示)边沿处, 中压面 311分别通过斜面 3112与侧压面 312 过渡连接。
侧压面 312相对中压面 311 凸出的高度差 H相等, 并且被设置为 等于轨头踏面 G6与所述轨唇踏面 G4之间的高度差,也即,中压面 31 1 相对侧压面 312的凹陷的深度 H与钢轨 G的轨槽两侧的轨头 面 G6 和轨唇踏面 G4之间的高度差相匹配。
这样, 在侧压面 312下压至轨唇 面 G4、 中压面 211下压至轨头 轨头 面 06上, 使钢轨 G相对地面不易倾斜。 虽然, 定位块 31相对 图 10所示的定位块 21缺少一侧的侧压面设置, 其仅能适用某一侧的 钢轨的焊接, 但是, 可以通过在钢轨的长度方向上设置多个不同的定 位块 31、 或者通过更换不同的定位块 31来适用不同侧的钢轨的焊接。
图 12所示为图 11 所示实施例的定位块相对右侧钢轨的定位固定 示意图。 结合图 1 1和图 12所示, 图 11所示的定位块 31的侧压面 312 是设置在中压面 311的右侧, 因此, 其适用于左侧钢轨的焊接, 图 12 所示的定位块 31的侧压面 312是设置在中压面 311的左侧, 因此, 其 适用于右侧钢轨的焊接。 在定位块 31可拆卸地固定在吊装轴套 17上 时, 如果需要更换对不同侧的钢轨进行焊接, 可以通过更换选择不同 的定位块 31 来避免闪光焊机 10的掉头转向; 在又一实施例中, 可以 在吊装轴套 17的纵向方向上, 也即钢轨的长度方向上设置多个不同类 型的定位块 31 (包括如图 1 1所示的适用于左侧钢轨的定位块 31 以及 如图 12所示的适用于右侧钢轨的定位块 31 ) , 这样在焊接不同侧的钢
轨时, 可以选择不同类型的定位块 31进行下压固定, 从而有利于避免 闪光焊机 10的掉头转向。
继续如图 5和图 6所示, 左钳口 131和右钳口 141的形状被设置 为分别均与钢轨 G的轨腰窄口 (G2 ) 的形状至少局部地相吻合。 在该 实施例中,左钳口 131和右钳口 141关于钢轨 G的中心线 L1对称设置, 左钳口 131和右钳口 141 的钳口形状被设置为钢轨 G的轨腰窄口 G2 的形状基本吻合, 这样, 不管是在左钳口 131和右钳口 141相对地夹 紧右侧钢轨 (如图 5所示的)还是左侧钢轨, 左钳口 131或右钳口 141 都能完全地伸入钢轨 G的轨腰窄口 G2 中, 当然也能完全地伸入开口 更宽的钢轨 G的轨腰宽口 G9中。 因此, 本发明实施例的闪光焊机 10 的左钳口 131和右钳口 141的设计充分考虑了钢轨 G的非对称结构特 点, 从而使其钳口既能对左侧钢轨进行完全夹紧, 也能对右侧钢轨进 行完全夹紧, 从而有利于避免闪光焊机 10的掉头转向。
在以上实施例中, 通过定位块以及左右钳口的巧妙设计, 左右钳 口可以在左右方向夹紧固定钢轨 G的轨腰, 定位块可以上下方向下压 固定在轨头踏面和轨唇踏面上, 不但有利于钢轨的固定定位, 而且使 被焊接的两条钢轨更容易对中, 更重要地是, 使得闪光焊机 10在焊接 有轨电车线路等钢轨 G的过程中不需要对笨重的焊机进行调头换向, 大大提高现场的焊接施工效率。
进一步地, 为适用钢轨 G的轨唇 G4的外端到中心线 L1的距离相 对较长(其大于钢轨 G的轨头 G7的外端到钢轨 G的中心线 L1的距离) 的特点, 左钳口 131和右钳口 141相对中心铰轴 15的中心点的垂直距 离被加长, 从而, 在相同打开角度下, 左钳口 131和右钳口 141之间 的钳口开度从等于钢轨 G的轨头 G7的外端到中心线 L 1的距离的两倍 的长度被增加至大于或等于钢轨 G的轨唇 G4的外端到轨头 G7的外端 的距离 (也即钢轨 G 的顶部的宽度) 的长度, 以适应钢轨 G 的轨唇 G4的外端到中心线 L1的距离相对较长的特点。 例如, 如果钢轨 G的 轨头 G7的外端到中心线 L1的距离为 40mm、轨唇 G4的外端到中心线 L1的距离为 70mm, 在一定打开角度下, 通过左钳口 131和右钳口 141 相对中心铰轴 15的中心点的垂直距离的加长, 可以使钳口张开距离至 少增加到 110mm ( 40mm+70mm ) 。 这样, 在焊接钢轨 ( G ) 时, 左钳 口 131和右钳口 141之间更加容易打开, 不管是焊接左侧钢轨还是右
侧钢轨, 都能够方便自如地焊接, 使其更适用于钢轨 (G ) 的焊接。 图 13所示为按照本发明一实施例的推瘤刀的主视图, 图 14所示 为按照本发明一实施例的推瘤刀的立体结构示意图。 图 4 所示的闪光 焊机的推瘤刀 18优选地使用如图 13和图 14所示实施例的结构。
如图 13和图 14所示, 在该实施例中, 本实施例的推瘤刀 18包括 左刀体 181、 上刀体 182、 右刀体 183、 下刀体 184以及锁紧机构 185 , 锁紧机构 185设置在左刀体 181上, 具体地, 左刀体 181 的底部设有 挡块 1811、 下刀体 184的左端的厚度方向中部设有凹槽 1841 , 当推瘤 刀合拢锁紧后, 挡块 181 1嵌入凹槽 1841 内。 在推瘤工作时, 左刀体 181、 上刀体 182、 右刀体 183、 下刀体 184依次按序相连、 并通过锁 紧机构 185 将首尾端锁紧, 从而四个刀体的刀口包络形成轮廓形状对 应于钢轨 G的截面的外轮廓形状, 也即, 左刀体 181、 上刀体 182、 右 刀体 183和下刀体 184围拢后的包络内轮廓与钢轨 ( G )的截面外轮廓 基本吻合。 因此, 左刀体 181的刀口形状主要对应于钢轨 G的轨腰宽 口 G9的外轮廓,也即左刀体 181朝右深入轨腰宽口 G9中;上刀体 182 的刀口形状主要对应于钢轨 G的轨头踏面 G6、轨槽 G5和轨唇踏面 G4 的外轮廓, 也即上刀体 182朝下伸入轨槽 G中; 右刀体 183的刀口形 状主要对应于钢轨 G的轨腰窄口 G2的外轮廓, 也即右刀体 183朝左 深入轨腰窄口 G2 中; 下刀体 184的刀口形状主要对应于钢轨 G的底 面。
在该实施例中, 左刀体 181 的上部与上刀体 182的左部在其包络 内轮廓的左上方 (也即被推瘤处理的钢轨 G 的左上方) 通过销轴 XI 铰接, 上刀体 182的右部与右刀体 183 的上部在其包络内轮廓右上侧 方位 (也即被推瘤处理的钢轨 G的右上方位) 通过销轴 X2铰接, 右 刀体 3 的下部和下刀体 4的右部在包络内轮廓的底边附近右侧外 (也 即被推瘤处理的钢轨 G的轨底右侧方位) 通过销轴 X3铰接, 锁紧机 构 185与左刀体 181通过销轴 X4铰接, 销轴 X4的铰接点、 销轴 X3 的铰接点相对轴 X4的铰接点的高度基本一致地设置。
图 15至图 18所示为图 13和 14所示实施例的推瘤刀在相对钢轨 的挂刀过程示意图。 推瘤刀 18 在使用过程中, 首先需要将推瘤刀 18 包围已经焊接好的钢轨 G并置于钢轨 G上, 也即进行挂刀过程, 其具 体步骤为:
第一步, 如图 15所示, 打开锁紧机构 185 , 并将左刀体 181、 右刀 体 183和下刀体 184张开, 将上刀体 182卡在钢轨 G的轨槽上定位; 第二步, 如图 16所示, 先闭合左刀体 181 , 使其刀口贴近钢轨 G 的轨腰宽口 G9的内表面;
第三步, 如图 17所示, 操控下刀体 184 , 同时使右刀体 183和下 刀体 184的刀口贴近钢轨 G的对应表面, 具体地, 右刀体 183的刀口 贴近钢轨 G的轨腰窄口 G2 , 下刀体 184的刀口贴近钢轨 G的轨底的 底面;
第四步、 如图 18所示, 待所有刀体形成的包络内轮廓与钢轨 G的 截面外廓吻合后, 锁定锁紧机构 185固定。
以上挂刀的过程结束后, 在推瘤油缸 19的驱动下, 推瘤刀 18进 行推瘤处理, 在推瘤结束后, 进行脱刀过程。 具体地, 脱刀过程与上 述挂刀步骤完全相反。
继续如图 13和图 14所示, 在锁紧后, 左刀体 181、 上刀体 182、 右刀体 183、下刀体 184的刀口包络形成的内轮廓形状与被推瘤处理的 钢轨 G之间的间隙大小不是限制性的, 该间隙越小、 越多的突出的焊 瘤被切除, 焊缝表面更平整, 人工打磨的劳动强度越小, 但是过小的 间隙也容易导致难以顺利推瘤。 但是, 在该间隙相对较小时, 申请人 发现, 由于钢轨 G的不对称形状, 导致左右两侧的轨腰宽口 G9和轨 腰窄口 G3在水平方向的深度是不一致的, 轨腰窄口 G3深度更深, 也 即轨唇 G3的外端相对中心线 L 1 的距离要明显大于轨头 G7的外端相 对中心线 L 1的距离,这样, 在以上挂刀和脱刀的过程中, 尤其是对应于 右刀体 183 的脱刀和挂刀过程, 右刀体 183 的刀口容易卡滞在某个位 置, 也即不容易实现右刀体 183挂刀和脱刀, 也容易损坏刀口和 /或钢 轨 G的表面。该问题可以通过增大推瘤刀 18包络形成的内轮廓与钢轨 G之间的间隙, 但是, 这使推瘤效果明显变差。
在本发明实施例中, 通过限定铰轴 X2 的位置, 也即限定右刀体 183 在挂刀或脱刀过程中相对转动的中心点 03 的位置来避免以上问 题。 具体地, 铰轴 X2、 也即点 03的位置被限定在如图 13所示的 S l、 S2、 S3、 S4所包围的正方形阴影区域范围内, 其中, S 1为经过轨头 踏面 G6的最高点的水平线、 S2为钢轨 G的轨腰中心线 L 1向上的延长 线、 S3 为经轨底 G1 的右端的垂向延伸线, 因此, 该正方形的边长为
轨底 Gl的宽度的一半, 在正方形的边长确定后, S4即为 S 1向上平行 地平移一个边长距离的直线。 优选地, 铰轴 X2 (即点 03 ) 在垂直对 准如图 13所示的点 01 来设置, 也即 01和 03 的连线平行于中心线 L 1 , 其中, 01 为轨槽 G5的槽口的右端 (即外端) 与轨唇踏面 G4的 连接处的圆弧倒角的圆心, 更为优选地, 铰轴 X2在对准如图 13所示 的 01设置的同时, 03距离边 S 1的距离大于或等于轨底 G1的宽度的 1/4且小于或等于轨底 G1的宽度的 1/2。 因此, 铰轴 X2的位置点, 即 铰接点 03 , 是设置在在上刀体 182卡入钢轨 G的轨槽 G5进行定位后 能够使右刀体 183相对其旋转自由地挂入或脱离钢轨 G的轨腰窄口 G2 的位置。
进一步地, 铰轴 XI 的高度与铰轴 X2的高度一致, 也即铰轴 XI 的铰接点与铰轴 X2的铰接点的连线基本平行于钢轨 G的轨底的底面; 右刀体 183与下刀体 184的铰轴 X3可以具体位于包络内轮廓中对应于 钢轨 G的轨底 G1的右侧的圆弧倒角的部分的圆心 02的右上方 45°位 置的延线上。 铰轴 X3的高度与铰轴 X4的高度可以一致。
以上实施例的推瘤刀 18 的重心与推瘤刀的中心位置相对容易重 合, 这样, 在挂刀后, 推瘤刀 18的重心与钢轨的理论中心位置也容易 基本地重合, 尤其地, 各个刀体、 特别是右刀体在挂刀或脱刀过程中 不易受钢轨的表面所卡滞或干涉, 因此, 极大地提高了人工挂刀、 脱 刀的效率, 操作使用非常方便。
继续如图 13和图 14所示,推瘤刀的各个刀体被设置为 又面刃口 S (参见图 14 S所示), 也即各个刀体具有双面刃口, 而刃口设置为凸出 刀体包络内轮廓固定数值, 各个刀体的刃口围拢时的形状与钢轨 G的 截面外廓相吻合, 这样, 正反两面均可以进行推瘤, 在对一侧钢轨 G 焊接并推瘤切削完成对另一侧的钢轨 G进行焊接时, 不需要对闪光焊 机 10掉头转向, 人工对推瘤刀 18进行 180°转向即可实现对另一侧的 钢轨 G进行推瘤切削处理; 并且, 这样长期使用时, 双面刃口的使用 均匀, 而不是类似于单面刃口仅在一个方向上受力, 有助于减小推瘤 刀体的变形, 保证推瘤切削余量的均勾性, 提高使用效率和使用寿命。
在又一实施例中, 为适用闪光焊机 10不掉头转向的要求, 闪光焊 机 10设置有用于对左右侧的钢轨 G分别进行推瘤处理的两个推瘤刀, 这两个推瘤刀的具体结构设置可以如以上图 13和图 14所示。
需要理解的是, 在以上关于推瘤刀的描述中, 左刀体和右刀体中 的方位术语(例如, "左"、 "右, ')是相对如图 13和图 14所示的挂刀于 右侧钢轨 G 的方位来定义的, 在所推瘤的钢轨的侧位发生变化时, 左 刀体与右刀体之间的方位也发生变换。 因此, 左刀体是指刀口形状对 应于钢轨的 G的轨腰宽口 G9的外轮廓的刀体, 右刀体是指刀口形状 对应于钢轨的 G的轨腰窄口 G2的外轮廓的刀体。
图 19所示为按照本发明一实施例的推瘤油缸的截面结构示意图。 结合图 3和图 4所示, 该实施例的推瘤油缸 19用于对推瘤刀 18提供 驱动力, 申请人发现, 由于非对称截面槽型钢轨 G的截面形状的复杂 化, 截面周长将明显增长, 相应的焊接截面的周长也增长, 更多的焊 瘤需要通过推瘤刀一次切削, 这样, 现有的推瘤油缸所提供的推力明 显不能满足推瘤切削的要求, 也即推力太小。 虽然增大推力可以通过 增大油缸直径或增加液压系统压力的方式来实现, 但是, 一方面筒单 地增大油缸会带来诸多问题, 例如, 由于油缸直径增大使推瘤油缸安 装更加不方便, 给闪光焊机特别是移动式的闪光焊机带来结构布局设 计难题; 另一方面, 筒单地增加液压系统压力也会提高液压系统生产 成本、 并给整个油路系统带来高压隐患。
在本发明实施例中, 推瘤油缸 19 包括用于形成腔室缸筒、 缸底 191和缸盖 192, 活塞杆 196穿过缸盖 192; 推瘤油缸 19采用双腔缸体 结构, 具体地, 通过在缸底 191和缸盖 192构成的腔室中设置固定(例 如焊接固定) 的隔板 193 将该腔室分隔成串联的两个腔室, 也即第一 腔室和第二腔室, 具体地, 第一腔室的容积可以但不限于等于第二腔 室的容积; 活塞杆 196上两个平行固定设置的并联的活塞 194和 195 分别处于第一腔室和第二腔室中, 从而每个活塞再将每个腔室分隔成 两个子腔室, 形成如图 19所示第一子腔室 Cl、 第二子腔室 C2、 第三 子腔室 C3和第四子腔室 C4。 活塞 194上设置有第一连通阀 1941 , 其 能够连通(在阀打开的情况下)左右两侧的第一子腔室 C1和第二子腔 室 C2; 活塞 195上设置有第二连通阀 1951 , 其能够连通(在阀打开的 情况下) 左右两侧的第三子腔室 C3和第四子腔室 C4。 具体地, 第一 连通阀 1941和第二连通阀 1951可以为常闭单向按压式阀门。
进一步地, 第一腔室和第二腔室具有并联的进油口 197 和出油口 198, 其中, 第一子腔室 Cl、 第三子腔室 C3的腔壁上分别设置有并联
的进油口 197, 第二子腔室 C2、 第四子腔室 C4的腔壁上的腔壁上分别 设置有并联的出油口 198。这样,活塞 194和活塞 195能够同步地运动, 并具有基本相同的沖程。
在正常工作时, 推瘤油缸 19 固定在闪光焊机 10上, 第一子腔室 C1和第三子腔室 C3 同时被注入压力油, 活塞杆 196朝右伸出, 活塞 杆 196伸出带动其端部连接的推瘤刀 18向前切削, 此时, 活塞杆 196 产生的推力为左右油缸的活塞 194和活塞 195产生的推力之和; 当活 塞 195 被推至接近缸盖 192时, 活塞 195上的第二连通阀 1951打开, 此时第三子腔室 C3和第四子腔室 C4连通, 从而大大减小了活塞 195 对缸盖 192的沖击力; 同样地, 活塞 194 被推送至接近缸底 191时, 活塞 194上的连通阀 1941打开, 此时, 第一子腔室 C1和第二子腔室 C2连通, 减小了活塞 194对缸底 191的沖击力; 也即, 当活塞 194邻 近左沖程极限位置时, 连通阀 1941被逐渐顶开, 活塞 194两侧的子腔 室油液连通; 当活塞 195邻近右沖程极限位置时, 连通阀 1951被逐渐 顶开, 活塞 195 两侧的子腔室油液连通。 因此, 本发明实施例的推瘤 油缸不但可以在不增加油缸直径的情况下, 增大推瘤油缸的推力输出, 保证非对称截面槽型钢轨的推瘤切削的顺利进行, 解决闪光焊机的结 构设计布局的难题, 而且通过在活塞上设置类似连通阀的泄压装置来 消除活塞撞击缸底、 缸盖的现象, 消除了动力增加所带来的后患问题, 使设备得以顺畅运行。 图 19所实施例的又腔缸体、 欢活塞的设计使推 瘤油缸的结构紧凑, 可以实现相对同直径尺寸的油缸更大的推力输出, 例如, 其推力输出达到同直径尺寸的油缸的 1.7倍推力输出。
将理解, 当据称将部件 "连接 "到另一个部件时, 它可以直接连接 或耦合到另一个部件或可以存在中间部件。
以上例子主要说明了本发明的非对称截面槽型钢轨闪光焊机。 尽 管只对其中一些本发明的实施方式进行了描述, 但是本领域普通技术 人员应当了解, 本发明可以在不偏离其主旨与范围内以许多其他的形 式实施。 因此, 所展示的例子与实施方式被视为示意性的而非限制性 的, 在不脱离如所附各权利要求所定义的本发明精神及范围的情况下, 本发明可能涵盖各种的修改与替换。
Claims
1. 一种推瘤油缸 ( 19) , 其特征在于, 所述推瘤油缸 ( 19)设置 有包括第一腔室和第二腔室的双腔缸体结构, 所述推瘤油缸 ( 19) 的 活塞杆( 196) 穿过所述第一腔室和第二腔室, 所述第一腔室通过固定 设置在所述推瘤油缸 ( 19) 的活塞杆上的第一活塞( 194)分隔形成第 一子腔室 (C1) 和第二子腔室 (C2) , 所述第二腔室通过固定设置在 所述活塞杆上的第二活塞( 195)分隔形成第三子腔室 (C3)和第四子 腔室 (C4) ; 并且, 所述第一子腔室 (C1) 和第三子腔室 (C3) 具有 并联的进油口 /出油口, 所述第二子腔室 (C2)和第四子腔室 (C4)具 有并联的出油口 /进油口。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的推瘤油缸 ( 19) , 其特征在于, 所述第一 活塞 ( 194) 上设有邻近左沖程极限位置时使第一腔室的第一子腔室 (C1 ) 和第二子腔室 (C2) 的油液连通的第一连通阀 ( 1941) , 所述 第二活塞( 195)上设有邻近左沖程极限位置时使第二腔室的第三子腔 室 (C3) 和第四子腔室 (C4) 的油液连通的第二连通阀 ( 1951) 。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的推瘤油缸 ( 19) , 其特征在于, 所述第一 活塞 ( 194) 和所述第二活塞 ( 195) 具有相同的沖程。
4. 一种非对称截面槽型钢轨 (G) 闪光焊机 ( 10) , 所述闪光焊 机 ( 10) 中设置有用于为推瘤刀 ( 18) 提供推力的如权利要求 1 至 3 中任一项所述的推瘤油缸 ( 19) 。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述闪光 焊机( 10) 中设置有用于在闪光焊接过程中夹持固定所述钢轨(G)的 第一夹钳机构 ( 13) 和第二夹钳机构 ( 14) ; 所述第一夹钳机构 ( 13) 和第二夹钳机构 ( 14) 通过所述闪光焊机 ( 10) 的中心铰轴 ( 15) 铰 接, 所述第一夹钳机构 ( 13) 和第二夹钳机构 ( 14) 的下端分别设置 有第一钳口 ( 131) 和第二钳口 ( 141) , 并且, 在所述第一夹钳机构 ( 13) 和第二夹钳机构 ( 14) 的上端之间配置有夹钳驱动装置 ( 16) , 所述夹钳驱动装置( 16)在夹持固定所述钢轨(G) 的过程中同时驱动 所述第一夹钳机构( 13 )和第二夹钳机构( 14)相对所述中心铰轴( 15 ) 转动以使所述第一钳口 ( 131) 和第二钳口 ( 141 ) 之间相对地闭合或
打开;
并且, 在所述中心铰轴 ( 15) 上套装有轴套 ( 17) , 在所述轴套 ( 17) 的下部固定设置有定位块 (21 ) ;
其中, 所述定位块 (21, 31) 的下夹持定位面 (210, 310) 包括 对应所述钢轨 ( G) 的轨头踏面 (G6) 而设置的中压面以及在所述中 压面的两侧的至少一侧相对凸起设置的、 对应所述钢轨(G)的轨唇踏 面 (G4) 而设置的侧压面, 所述侧压面相对所述中压面凸出的高度差 (H)等于所述轨头踏面 (G6) 与所述轨唇踏面 (G4)之间的高度差; 其中, 所述第一钳口 ( 131) 和第二钳口 ( 141) 的分别均与所述 钢轨 (G) 的轨腰窄口 (G2) 的形状至少局部地相吻合。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述第一 钳口 ( 131) 和第二钳口 ( 141 ) 相对所述中心铰轴 ( 15 ) 的中心的垂 直距离被加长, 从而在相同打开角度下, 所述第一钳口 ( 131) 和第二 钳口 ( 141) 之间的钳口开度从在所述加长之前的等于钢轨 ( G) 的轨 头 (G7) 的外端到钢轨 (G) 的中心线 (L1) 的距离的两倍的长度被 增加至大于或等于钢轨 (G) 的轨唇 (G4) 的外端到轨头 (G7) 的外 端的距离的长度。
7. 如权利要求 5所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述侧压 面包括在所述中压面 (211) 的两侧相对凸起设置的第一侧压面 (212) 和第二侧压面 (213) , 所述第一侧压面 (212) 和第二侧压面 (213) 相对所述中压面 (211) 凸出的高度差 (H) 相同。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述第一 侧压面(212)和第二侧压面(213)对称地分别设置在所述定位块(21 ) 的右左两侧边沿处。
9. 如权利要求 5所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述定位 块可拆卸地固定在所述吊装轴套 ( 17) 上。
10. 如权利要求 5所述的闪光焊机( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述第一 钳口 ( 131)和第二钳口 ( 141 )钳口形状被设置为与所述钢轨(G) 的 轨腰窄口 (G2) 的形状基本吻合。
11. 如权利要求 5或 10所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所 述第一钳口( 131 )和第二钳口( 141 )相对所述钢轨(G)的中心线(L1 ) 的对称设置。
12. 如权利要求 4或 5所述的闪光焊机( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述 闪光焊机 ( 10)设置有具有双面刃口的推瘤刀 ( 18) 。
13. 如权利要求 4或 5所述的闪光焊机( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述 闪光焊机( 10)设置有用于对左右侧的非对称截面槽型钢轨(G)分别 进行推瘤的两个推瘤刀 ( 18) 。
14. 如权利要求 4或 5所述的闪光焊机( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述 推瘤刀 ( 18) 包括:
第一刀体( 181), 其刀口形状对应于钢轨的(G)的轨腰宽口(G9) 的外轮廓形状设置;
第二刀体( 182 ) , 其刀口形状至少对应于钢轨的( G )的轨槽( G5 ) 的轮廓形状设置;
第三刀体( 183), 其刀口形状对应于钢轨的(G)的轨腰窄口(G2) 的外轮廓形状设置;
第四刀体( 184 ) , 其刀口形状至少对应于钢轨的( G )的轨底( G1 ) 的底面形状设置; 以及
锁紧机构 ( 185) ;
其中, 所述第一刀体 ( 181 ) 和所述第二刀体 ( 182) 通过第一铰 轴 (XI)铰接, 所述第二刀体 ( 182) 与所述第三刀体 ( 183) 通过第 二铰轴 (X2)铰接, 所述第三刀体 ( 183) 与所述第四刀体 ( 184) 通 过第三铰轴 (X3)铰接;
所述第一刀体 ( 181) 、 第二刀体 ( 182) 、 第三刀体 ( 183) 和第 四刀体( 184)围拢并通过锁紧机构( 185)锁紧后,所述第一刀体( 181)、 第二刀体 ( 182) 、 第三刀体( 183 ) 和第四刀体 ( 184) 的刀口所包络 形成的内轮廓与所述钢轨 (G) 的截面外轮廓基本相吻合;
并且, 所述第二铰轴(X2)被设置在所述第二刀体( 182)被卡入 所述钢轨 (G) 的轨槽 (G5) 进行定位后能够使所述第三刀体 ( 183) 相对其旋转自由地挂入或脱离所述钢轨 (G) 的轨腰窄口 (G2) 的位 置。
15. 如权利要求 14所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述第 二铰轴(X2)被设置一正方形区域内,所述正方形区域由第一边( S1 )、 第二边 (S2) 、 第三边 (S3) 和第四边 (S4) 包围形成, 其中, 所述 第一边 (S1) 为经过所述钢轨 (G) 的轨头踏面 (G6) 的最高点的水
平线, 所述第二边为 (S2) 为所述钢轨 (G) 的中心线 (L1) 向上的 延长线, 所述第三边 (S3) 为经过所述钢轨 (G) 的轨底 (G1 ) 的右 端的垂向延伸线, 所述第四边 (S4) 为与所述第三边 (S3) 平行的、 在所述第三边 (S3) 之上并且与第三边 (S3) 的距离等于所述正方形 的边长的线。
16. 如权利要求 15所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述第 二铰轴 (X2) 基本垂直对准所述钢轨 (G) 的轨槽 (G5) 的槽口的外 端与所述钢轨( G )的轨唇踏面( G4 )的连接处的圆弧倒角的圆心( 01 )。
17. 如权利要求 15所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述第 二铰轴 (X2) 与所述第一铰轴 (XI) 的高度一致。
18. 如权利要求 15所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 所述第 三铰轴 (X3) 位于所述包络形成的内轮廓中对应于所述钢轨 (G) 的 轨底 (G1) 的右侧的圆弧倒角的部分的圆心 (02) 的右上方 45°位置 的延线上。
19. 如权利要求 18所述的闪光焊机 ( 10) , 其特征在于, 锁紧机 构 ( 185) 通过第四铰轴 (X4) 与所述第四刀体 ( 184)铰接, 所述第 三铰轴 (X3) 与所述第四铰轴 (X4) 的高度一致。
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CN201310312327.8A CN103388291B (zh) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | 一种槽型钢轨闪光焊机 |
CN201320443658.0U CN203453173U (zh) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | 一种钢轨闪光焊机推瘤油缸 |
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CN201310315537.2A CN103386512B (zh) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | 一种组合式推瘤刀及其使用方法 |
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