WO2015007077A1 - 一种滚筒式发酵设备 - Google Patents

一种滚筒式发酵设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015007077A1
WO2015007077A1 PCT/CN2014/070556 CN2014070556W WO2015007077A1 WO 2015007077 A1 WO2015007077 A1 WO 2015007077A1 CN 2014070556 W CN2014070556 W CN 2014070556W WO 2015007077 A1 WO2015007077 A1 WO 2015007077A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fermentation
temperature
humidity
drum
equipment according
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2014/070556
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶阳
董春旺
朱宏凯
何华锋
刘飞
张坚强
黄藩
张�成
洪文娟
Original Assignee
中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
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Application filed by 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 filed Critical 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所
Publication of WO2015007077A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015007077A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
    • A23F3/08—Oxidation; Fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/16—Solid state fermenters, e.g. for koji production
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C12M27/06—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with horizontal or inclined stirrer shaft or axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a tea processing machine, and mainly relates to a fermentation apparatus for tea production.
  • Fermentation is the most critical process for the quality of black tea.
  • the fermentation time is generally about 3 hours, and the fermentation humidity is greater than 90%.
  • the leaf color of the tea raw material changes from green to red, forming the quality characteristics of the black tea red leaf red soup.
  • the key is to control the temperature, humidity and oxygen required for the polyphenolase oxidative polymerization of the fermented tea.
  • the applicant discloses a drum type black tea automatic fermentation equipment in the Chinese invention patent publication CN 102630774 B.
  • the apparatus adopts a drum including a temperature and humidity detector, a main transmission mechanism, a temperature and humidity control system and a PLC programmable.
  • the control system the drum is horizontally disposed on the two active supporting rollers and the two passive supporting rollers, and the active supporting roller and the passive supporting roller are respectively disposed at two ends of the drum;
  • the motor drives the two driving supporting rollers to rotate in the same direction by the driving mechanism;
  • the temperature and humidity control system includes a fan, a humidifier and a heater.
  • the fan is connected to the humidifier and the heater via a pipeline, and the outlet of the ultrasonic wave humidifier and the heater is connected to the drum through a pipeline; the temperature and humidity detector, the fan, the humidifier
  • the heater and motor are respectively connected to the PLC programmable control system through signal lines.
  • the device adopts the rolling of the cylinder to realize the stirring and turning function.
  • the cylinder is made of stainless steel, the quality is large, the rotation energy consumption is high, and the fermentation condition in the cylinder cannot be observed in real time to judge whether the fermentation is moderately discharged.
  • the combination of hot air and ultrasonic atomizer ensures the temperature and humidity control of the fermentation environment.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a drum type fermentation apparatus by fixing a fermentation tube
  • the stirring mechanism is used to stir the fermented leaves to reduce the rotational energy consumption.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a drum type fermentation equipment comprises a rack, a fermentation unit arranged on the rack, a temperature and humidity system and a control system for controlling temperature and humidity of the fermentation unit;
  • the rack comprises a base and a movable bracket pivotally connected to the base
  • the fermentation unit includes a fermentation barrel fixed on the movable support and a stirring plate disposed in the fermentation tube; the pivotal connection of the movable support is offset from the base, and the pivotal position away from the movable support
  • a discharge door is arranged on one end of the fermentation drum.
  • the cylinder is stationary, the stirring plate is rotated in an orderly manner, and the orderly turning in the fermentation is realized, the rotation energy of the cylinder is reduced, the stirring of the fermented leaves is more uniform, and the fermentation effect is better.
  • the fermentation cylinder is a transparent material.
  • the temperature and humidity system includes an ultrasonic humidifier, a hot steam generator and a mixing tank.
  • the hot air is used to replace the hot air humidification and humidification method to make the fermentation environment more stable and stable.
  • the agitating plate comprises a connecting rod fixed radially on a main shaft, a flip plate fixed on the outer end of the connecting rod and a flexible scraping plate fixed on the flip plate; the flexible scraping plate is turned over
  • the plate was l_5 cm and was in tangential contact with the inner wall of the fermentation tube.
  • the agitating plates are plural, and are alternately distributed in an axial direction and a circumferential direction along a major axis at a fixed angle of an angle of 360°.
  • control system includes a temperature and humidity sensor and an exhaust fan; the temperature and humidity sensor is disposed in a gas pipeline of the fermentation tank port, and the exhaust fan is disposed above the discharge gate On the port bezel.
  • control system further includes a pneumatic pull rod disposed between the discharge door and the movable bracket and a lifting stay disposed between the movable bracket and the base at the discharge door end of the fermentation tank.
  • the lifting bracket rotates the movable bracket around its pivoting axis to lower the discharge door end.
  • the discharge door is opened by the pneumatic pull rod to realize automatic discharging.
  • the temperature and humidity system may also adopt the following scheme: the temperature and humidity system includes: a water tank, a super atomization generating unit, a tunnel plus a thermal system, a fan; the super atomizing unit is configured to perform super atomization of water in the water tank, the fan is used to transport humid gas in the water tank into the tunnel heating system; the tunnel heating system is installed in the water tank The top portion is in communication with the water tank cavity for heating the humid gas blown by the fan; the super atomization generating unit and the tunnel heating system are connected to the temperature and humidity control system and are controlled by the temperature and humidity control system.
  • an overflow orifice plate is disposed directly under the air inlet end of the tunnel heating system in the water tank, and the overflow orifice plate is disposed obliquely.
  • the tunnel heating system is composed of a spiral electric heating tube and a conveying tube, and the air electric heating tube is nested in the conveying tube.
  • the super atomization generating unit is installed at the bottom of the water tank.
  • the super atomization generating unit is formed by connecting a plurality of atomizing heads in parallel, and the plurality of atomizing heads are divided into a plurality of sets of atomizing heads that can be independently turned on and off.
  • the fan is also connected to and controlled by the temperature and humidity control system.
  • the fan is fixed to the side of the water tank, and the blast air duct of the fan is in communication with the water tank cavity.
  • the outlet end of the tunnel heating system is directly connected to the hot hot gas inlet end of the fermentation equipment.
  • the temperature and humidity control system is provided with a touch screen, an electric box, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a liquid level sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor is located downstream of the electric heating element in the conveying pipe.
  • the touch screen panel displays information such as fermentation temperature, fermentation humidity, fan speed, fermentation timing, start-up, stop, fermentation parameter setting, etc.
  • the parameters that can be set in the parameter setting include: temperature working range, humidity working range, fan speed, fermentation cycle .
  • the invention adopts the cylinder to be stationary, the stirring plate rotates in an orderly manner, and realizes the orderly turning in the fermentation.
  • the design of the automatic discharging is convenient for the continuous pipeline operation, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the whole machine has the simple structure, convenient control and adjustment, and low cost. It has important innovation and guiding significance for fermentation methods, processes and equipment.
  • the invention adopts a fermentation tube with a transparent material to solve the method of observing the fermentation state after the sampling of the traditional fermentation equipment is stopped, and realizes the real-time on-line observation of the fermentation state such as the fermentation color and the water vapor distribution during production.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of I in Figure 2
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the temperature and humidity system provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a front view of the temperature and humidity system shown in Fig. 5.
  • Figure 7 is a right side view of the temperature and humidity system shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of the temperature and humidity system shown in Figure 5.
  • a drum type fermentation apparatus includes a frame 1, a fermentation unit 2, a temperature and humidity system 3, and a control system 4 disposed on the frame 1.
  • the temperature and humidity system 3 includes an ultrasonic humidifier 31, a hot steam generator 32, and a mixing tank 33.
  • the control system 4 includes a control box 41, a temperature and humidity sensor 42, a pneumatic pull rod 43, an elevating stay 44, and an exhaust fan 45; and the control box 41 includes a touch screen 412 and an electric box 413.
  • the frame 1 includes a base 11 in the frame, and a movable bracket 12 is pivotally connected to the base 11 via a rotating shaft 15.
  • the movable bracket 12 is offset from the pivoting of the base 11, so that the movable bracket 12 can be rotated downward from the end of the rotating shaft 15, and is restrained by a pair of port shutters 13 disposed on the base 11.
  • the fermentation unit 2 includes a fermentation tank 21 and a stirring plate 23 disposed in the fermentation drum 21.
  • the fermentation drum 21 is a transparent material which is fixed to the movable bracket 12 by two straps 14.
  • the agitating plate 23 is rotationally agitated in the fermentation drum 21 through a spindle 22.
  • a port cover 27 is provided at both ends of the fermentation tank 21, and a charging port 26 is provided on the top of the fermentation tank 21.
  • the main shaft 22 extends out of the fermenter 21 and has a port cover 27 driven by a motor 25; the other end of the main shaft 22 extends from the fermenter 21 and another port cover 27 and is attached to a bearing block 24 of the movable bracket 12.
  • the motor 25 is positioned near the end of the rotating shaft 15 of the movable bracket 12, which is positioned away from the rotating shaft 15 end of the movable bracket 12.
  • a port cover 27 is provided at the end of the housing 24 at the end of the fermenter 21, and a discharge door 28 is provided in the lower half.
  • the discharge door 28 is hinged to the port cover 27 by a rotating hinge 281.
  • a pneumatic pull rod 43 is disposed between the movable brackets 12.
  • the discharge gate 28 is opened by the pneumatic pull rod 43 by the control of the control system 4 to realize automatic discharge.
  • a lifting strut 44 is disposed between the movable bracket 12 and the base 11 at the end. The movable bracket 12 is rotated about the rotating shaft 15 by the lifting stay 44, so that the discharge gate 28 of the fermentation cylinder 21 is moved downward to facilitate discharging.
  • the agitating plates 23 disposed in the fermentation tub 21 are three in the present embodiment, and are alternately distributed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction along the main shaft 22 at a fixed angle of 120°.
  • the agitating plate 23 includes a link 231 fixed to the main shaft 22 and extending in a radial direction, a flap 232 fixed to the outer end of the link 231, and a flexible blade 233 fixed to the flap 232 by a rivet 234.
  • the flexible blade 233 protrudes from the flap 232 by about 2 cm and is in tangential contact with the inner wall of the fermentation tube 21.
  • the ultrasonic humidifier 31 generates atomized steam to enter the mixing tank 33 through the gas transfer pipe 34-1, and the steam steam from the hot steam generator 32 to generate a certain temperature also enters the mixing tank 33 through the gas transfer pipe 34-2.
  • the two steams are thoroughly mixed in the inside of the mixing tank 33, and then transported to the fermentation drum 21 via the gas line 34-3.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor 42 is mounted in the gas line 34 at the port of the fermentation vat 21; the venting fan 45 is mounted on the port cover 27 provided with the discharge door 28.
  • the parameters of the fermentation temperature and humidity, the fermentation cycle, the motor rotation time, and the intermittent time are set on the touch screen 412, and then the control system is operated.
  • the motor 25 is started to drive the stirring plate 23 to rotate, the tea raw material ( ⁇ ⁇ leaf) is gradually put into the fermentation drum 21 by the charging port 26, and the stirring plate 23 is rotated to spread the raw materials to both sides.
  • the temperature and humidity system is turned on, and the ultrasonic atomizer oscillates at a high frequency to generate atomized steam to enter the mixing tank through the gas pipeline.
  • the steam generator generates a certain temperature of water vapor to enter the mixing tank through the gas pipeline.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor detects the temperature and humidity of the mixed steam. If the temperature is lower than the set temperature, the working power of the hot steam is increased (there are multiple sets of heating wires in the hot steam generator, and the air volume and the temperature of the water vapor can be controlled. ).
  • the power of the resistance wire is lowered.
  • the pneumatic exhaust fan cools the temperature inside the fermentation tube to meet the temperature and humidity of the fermentation.
  • the mixing plate is rotated according to the set parameters to turn the fermented tea leaves to keep the received energy balanced, and to dissipate the heat of the fermentation center to ensure that each fermented leaf has sufficient oxygen contact opportunities.
  • the control system controls the lifting struts to contract, and the lifting struts pass the movable bracket to pull the fermentation unit downwards.
  • the pneumatic pull rod is controlled to pull the discharge door to open.
  • the stirring plate also starts to work continuously, so that the fermented tea leaves are quickly discharged. Since the flexible blade of the stirring plate is made of silica gel or rubber, it is in contact with the inner wall of the fermentation tube, and the rotating function of the wall is also scraped to make the wall of the tube clean. No residual tea leaves.
  • the fermentation unit is reset, and the next round of fermentation is started.
  • the mixed gas of the mixed hot steam and the atomized water vapor is transported into the fermentation tank to realize the temperature increasing and humidifying function, and the hot air is prevented from heating the water in the carrying tank under the premise of ensuring the fermentation temperature, and the fermentation is performed. Defects such as uneven distribution of temperature and humidity flow fields caused by post-mixing in the cylinder.
  • the temperature and humidity system of the embodiment includes a water tank la, a super atomization generating unit 2a, a tunnel heating system 3a, and a fan 44a;
  • the super atomizing unit 2a is configured to perform super atomization on the water 14a in the water tank la, the fan 44a is for conveying humid atomizing gas in the water tank into the tunnel heating system 3a;
  • the tunnel heating system 3a is installed at the top of the water tank body and communicates with the water tank cavity for blowing by the fan 44a The humid gas is heated;
  • the super atomization generating unit 2a and the tunnel heating system 3a are connected to the temperature and humidity control system 3a, and are controlled by the temperature and humidity control system 4a.
  • An overflow orifice plate 12a is provided directly under the air inlet end of the tunnel heating system in the water tank, and the overflow orifice plate is obliquely fixed to the water tank casing 11a.
  • Reference numeral 13a is a drain port of the water tank.
  • the tunnel heating system is composed of a spiral air electric heating pipe 31a and a conveying pipe 32a, and the spiral air electric heating pipe 32a is nested inside the conveying pipe.
  • the super atomization generating unit 2a is installed at the bottom of the water tank.
  • the super atomization generating unit is formed by connecting a plurality of atomizing heads 20a in parallel, and the plurality of atomizing heads 20a are divided into multiple independent opening and closing.
  • the group of atomizing heads for example, two atomizing heads 20a are respectively controlled by the temperature and humidity control system 4a, and are divided into two groups according to the fermentation humidity requirement, three groups of work, four groups of work, five groups of work and the like. .
  • the temperature and humidity control system 4a is provided with a touch screen 41a, an electric box 42a, a temperature and humidity sensor 431a, and a liquid level sensor 432a, which are also connected to and controlled by the temperature and humidity control system 4a.
  • the fan 44a is fixed to the side of the water tank, and the blast duct 441a of the fan communicates with the inside of the tank.
  • the touch screen panel displays information such as fermentation temperature, fermentation humidity, fan speed, fermentation timing, start-up, stop, fermentation parameter setting, etc.
  • the parameters that can be set in the parameter setting include: temperature working range, humidity working range, fan speed, fermentation cycle .
  • the tea fermentation environment generating device During operation, after setting parameters such as fermentation temperature and humidity range, fermentation time, and fan speed on the touch screen 41a, click the start button, and the tea fermentation environment generating device enters the working state.
  • the ultrasonic atomizing sounding unit 2 starts to generate atomizing steam, and the steam fills the water tank 1. Since the orifice hole 12a has a small aperture, most of the atomizing steam is blocked from entering the tunnel heating system 3a.
  • the fan 44a blows air into the water tank through the air path according to the set speed, the atomized steam flows through the small hole of the overflow hole plate 12a and passes through the tunnel heating system 3a under the action of the wind pressure, and the air volume of the atomizes with the rotation speed. Variety.
  • the atomizing steam passes through the tunnel heating system 3a, it is heated by the spiral air heating pipe 31a, and the outlet end of the tunnel heating system, that is, the outlet end of the conveying pipe 32a is directly connected to the hot hot gas inlet end of the fermentation cylinder, after heating
  • the atomized vapor passes directly through the transfer pipe into the connected fermentation drum without first passing through the mixing tank of the previous embodiment.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor 431a is located downstream of the heating element, i.e., the spiral air heating tube 31a, in the delivery pipe 32a for detecting the temperature and humidity of the passing atomized steam.
  • the feedback control system 4a controls the on/off of the spiral air heating pipe 31a to adjust the output temperature.
  • the control system controls the on/off of the ultrasonic atomization generating unit 2a to adjust the output humidity.
  • control system 4a automatically shuts down the whole machine and stops working.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种滚筒式发酵设备，包括机架、设置在机架上的发酵单元、对发酵单元进行温湿度控制的温湿度系统和控制系统；所述机架包括底座和枢接在底座上的活动支架；所述发酵单元包括固定在活动支架上的发酵筒和设置在发酵筒内的搅拌板；所述活动支架的枢接与所述底座呈偏置，在远离所述活动支架的枢接的所述发酵筒的一端上设有一出料门。采用筒体静止，搅拌板有序转动，实现发酵中的有序翻动，减少筒体的转动能耗，使发酵叶的搅拌更加均匀，发酵效果更好。

Description

一种滚筒式发酵设备 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械领域，特别涉及茶叶加工机械， 主要涉及用于茶叶制作 的发酵设备。
背景技术
发酵是形成红茶质量的最关键工序，发酵时间一般在 3小时左右，发酵湿度 大于 90 %。 经过发酵， 茶叶原料叶色由绿变红， 形成红茶红叶红汤的品质特点， 其关键在于控制发酵茶多酚酶性氧化聚合反应所需要的温度、 湿度和氧气量。
本申请人在公开号为 CN 102630774 B的中国发明专利公开了一种滚筒式红 茶自动发酵设备， 该设备采用包括设有温湿度检测仪的滚筒、主传动机构、温湿 度控制系统和 PLC可编程控制系统；滚筒横向安设于两个主动托轮和两个被动托 轮之上， 主动托轮和被动托轮分别设于滚筒两端； 电机通过驱动机构驱动两个主 动托轮同向转动； 温湿度控制系统包括风机、加湿器和加热器， 风机经管道分别 连接至加湿器和加热器，超生波加湿器和加热器的出口经管道接至滚筒内； 温湿 度检测仪、风机、加湿器、加热器和电机分别通过信号线接至 PLC可编程控制系 统。 该设备采用筒体滚动实现搅拌翻动功能， 筒体为不锈钢材质， 质量大， 转动 能耗高， 且不能实时地观察筒内发酵状况， 以判断发酵是否适度以出料。 同时， 采用热风与超声波雾化器结合的方式保障发酵环境的温湿度控制，但因为 2路气 体的混合在发酵滚筒内混合， 存在发酵叶表面水分易随热风吹干、 混合不均匀、 雾化气压力低伴随 "逆流"现象造成补湿不足等问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种滚筒式发酵设备，通过将发酵筒固定 而采用搅拌机构对发酵叶进行搅拌， 减少转动能耗。 为此， 本发明采用以下技术 方案：
一种滚筒式发酵设备， 包括机架、 设置在机架上的发酵单元、对发酵单元进 行温湿度控制的温湿度系统和控制系统；所述机架包括底座和枢接在底座上的活 动支架；所述发酵单元包括固定在活动支架上的发酵筒和设置在发酵筒内的搅拌 板； 所述活动支架的枢接与所述底座呈偏置， 在远离所述活动支架的枢接的所述 发酵筒的一端上设有一出料门。采用筒体静止， 搅拌板有序转动， 实现发酵中的 有序翻动， 减少筒体的转动能耗， 使发酵叶的搅拌更加均匀， 发酵效果更好。
为了使发酵状态通过可视化进行有效判断； 所述发酵筒为透明材质。
为了使发酵环境更易稳定控制， 减少发酵叶表面水分的风干； 所述温湿度系 统包括超声波加湿器、热蒸汽发生器和混合箱。通过热蒸汽替代热风的增温加湿 方式， 使发酵环境更易稳定控制。
具体地， 所述搅拌板包括固定在一主轴上呈径向延伸的连杆、 固定在连杆外 端上的翻板和固定在翻板上的柔性刮板；所述柔性刮板探出翻板 l_5cm并与发酵 筒内壁相切接触。
为了使搅拌更加均匀， 所述搅拌板为复数个， 以等分 360° 角的固定角度， 沿一主轴呈轴向和周向交替分布。
为了有效控制发酵环境；具体地，所述控制系统包括温湿度传感器和排气扇； 所述温湿度传感器设置在发酵筒端口的输气管道内，所述排气扇设置在出料门上 方的端口挡板上。
为了实现出料的自动化， 具体地， 所述控制系统还包括设置在出料门与活动 支架之间的气动拉杆和设置在位于发酵筒出料门端活动支架与底座之间的升降 撑杆。 通过升降撑杆使活动支架绕其枢接轴转动， 使出料门端下降； 同时， 通过 气动拉杆打开出料门， 实现自动出料。
为了使发酵环境更易稳定控制，减少发酵叶表面水分的风干；所述温湿度系 统还可采用以下方案： 所述温湿度系统包括： 水箱、 超生雾化发生单元、 隧道加 热系统、风机； 所述超生雾化单元用于对水箱中的水进行超生雾化， 所述风机用 于将水箱中的潮湿气体输送入所述隧道加热系统；所述隧道加热系统安装在水箱 顶部， 并与水箱腔体相通， 用于对由风机吹送而来的潮湿气体进行加热； 所述超 生雾化发生单元和隧道加热系统与温湿度控制系统相连， 受温湿度控制系统控 制。
进一步地，水箱中在所述隧道加热系统进风端的正下方设置有溢流孔板，所 述溢流孔板倾斜布置。
进一步地， 所述隧道加热系统由螺旋电加热管、输送管组成， 所述空气电加 热管嵌套在输送管内。
进一步地， 所述超生雾化发生单元安装在水箱的底部。
进一步地，所述超生雾化发生单元为复数个雾化头并联而成，所述复数个雾 化头被分为可独立开启和关闭的多组雾化头。
进一步地， 所述风机也与温湿度控制系统相连而受其控制。
进一步地， 所述风机固定在水箱侧面， 风机的鼓风风道与水箱腔体相通。 所述隧道加热系统的出风端直接和发酵设备的湿热气体进口端相连。
所述温湿度控制系统设置有触摸屏、 电气箱、 温湿度传感器、 液位传感器， 所述温湿度传感器位于输送管中电加热元件的下游。
所述触摸屏面板显示发酵温度、 发酵湿度、 风机转速、 发酵计时、 启动、 停 止、 发酵参数设置等信息； 所述参数设置中可设置参数包括： 温度工作范围、湿 度工作范围、 风机转速、 发酵周期。
本发明采用筒体静止， 搅拌板有序转动， 实现发酵中的有序翻动， 自动出料 的设计利于连续化流水线式作业， 工作效率大幅提高， 且整机结构简单、控制调 节方便，造价低，对发酵方法、工艺和设备具有重要创新和指导意义。进一步地， 本发明通过采用透明材质的发酵筒，解决传统发酵设备停机取样后观察发酵状态 的方式， 实现生产进行中实时的在线观察发酵色泽、 水蒸汽分布等发酵状态。 附图说明 图 1为本发明实施例 1的结构示意图。
图 2为本发明实施例 1的结构示意图。
图 3为图 2中 I处的放大图
图 4为发明实施例 1的结构示意图。
图 5为本发明所提供的温湿度系统另一种实施例的轴测图。
图 6为图 5所示的温湿度系统的主视图。
图 7为图 5所示的温湿度系统的右视图。
图 8为图 5所示的温湿度系统的左视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
参见图 1〜图 4， 一种滚筒式发酵设备， 包括机架 1、 设置在机架 1上的发 酵单元 2、 温湿度系统 3和控制系统 4。 其中， 温湿度系统 3包括超声波加湿器 31、 热蒸汽发生器 32和混合箱 33。 控制系统 4包括控制箱 41、 温湿度传感器 42、 气动拉杆 43、 升降撑杆 44和排气扇 45; 控制箱 41包括触摸屏 412、 电气 箱 413。机架 1包括一呈框架的底座 11， 在底座 11上通过一旋转轴 15枢接有一 活动支架 12。 该活动支架 12与底座 11的枢接呈偏置， 使活动支架 12远离旋转 轴 15端可向下转动， 并通过设置在底座 11上的一对端口挡板 13进行限位。
发酵单元 2包括发酵筒 21和设置在发酵筒 21内的搅拌板 23。 发酵筒 21为 透明材质， 其通过二根包带 14固定在活动支架 12上。 该搅拌板 23通过一主轴 22在发酵筒 21内进行转动搅拌。 发酵筒 21的两端设有端口封盖 27， 发酵筒 21 的上面设有装料口 26。主轴 22伸出发酵筒 21其中一端口封盖 27并由一电机 25 驱动； 主轴 22的另一端伸出发酵筒 21另一端口封盖 27并连接在活动支架 12 上的一轴承座 24上。该电机 25定位于靠近活动支架 12的旋转轴 15—端， 该轴 承座 24定位于远离活动支架 12的旋转轴 15—端。
在发酵筒 21位于轴承座 24—端的端口封盖 27， 其下半部分设有一出料门 28。 该出料门 28通过旋转合页 281铰接在端口封盖 27上。 在该出料门 28与活 动支架 12之间设有一气动拉杆 43。 通过控制系统 4的控制由该气动拉杆 43打 开出料门 28， 实现自动出料。 在该端的活动支架 12与底座 11之间设有一升降 撑杆 44。 通过该升降撑杆 44实现活动支架 12绕旋转轴 15转动， 使发酵筒 21 的出料门 28位置下移， 利于出料。
设置在发酵筒 21内的搅拌板 23在本实施例中为三个，以 120° 的固定角度， 沿主轴 22呈轴向和周向交替分布。 该搅拌板 23包括固定在主轴 22上并呈径向 延伸的连杆 231、 固定在连杆 231外端上的翻板 232和通过铆钉 234固定在翻板 232上的柔性刮板 233。该柔性刮板 233探出翻板 232约 2cm并与发酵筒 21内壁 相切接触。
超声波加湿器 31产生雾化蒸汽经输气管道 34-1进入混合箱 33， 同时热蒸 汽发生器 32产生一定温度的水蒸汽也经输气管道 34-2进入混合箱 33。 二股蒸 汽在混合箱 33体内充分混合后， 再经输气管道 34-3输送到发酵筒 21内。 温湿 度传感器 42安装于发酵筒 21端口处的输气管道 34内；排气扇 45装在设有出料 门 28的端口封盖 27上。
工作时， 在触摸屏 412上设定发酵温湿度、 发酵周期、 电机转动时间和间歇 时间等参数后，运行控制系统。电机 25启动带动搅拌板 23转动，将茶叶原料（揉 捻叶） 逐渐由装料口 26放进发酵筒 21内， 搅拌板 23转动将原料向两边扩散。 搅拌板有三组，呈一定角度沿主轴径向交错安装。避免一排安装时，当装料多时， 主轴电机的负载较大， 导致翻动效果差， 同时错开安装， 利于多的物料向两侧移 动， 起到均匀茶叶分布的作用， 避免渥堆现象。
开启温湿度系统， 超声波雾化器高频振荡工作， 产生雾化蒸汽经输气管道进 入混合箱， 同时热蒸汽发生器产生一定温度的水蒸汽经输气管道进入混合箱。二 股蒸汽在混合箱体内充分混合后， 经输气管道输送到发酵筒内。此时温湿度传感 器检测混合蒸汽的温湿度， 若温度低于设定温度， 则加大热蒸汽的工作功率（在 热蒸汽发生器内有多组加热丝， 可以控制出气量和水蒸气的温度）。 当温度高于 设定温度时， 降低电阻丝的功率， 同时， 气动排气扇为发酵筒内降温， 以满足发 酵温湿度。
发酵过程中， 搅拌板按设定参数定时转动， 以翻动发酵茶叶， 使其保持接收 的能量均衡， 并散开发酵中心的热量， 保证每片发酵叶有充分的接触氧气机会。
当发酵时间到时， 控制系统控制升降撑杆收縮， 升降撑杆通过活动支架， 拉 动发酵单元向下倾斜。 同时， 控制气动拉杆拉动出料门， 使其打开。 搅拌板也开 始持续工作，使发酵茶叶快速出料，由于搅拌板的柔性刮板采用硅胶或橡胶材质， 与发酵筒的内壁接触，转动中还起到刮干净筒壁的清扫功能，使筒壁无残留茶叶。
当出料完毕后， 发酵单元复位， 开启下轮发酵工作。
以上实施例中，通过向发酵筒内输送已混合完全的热蒸汽与雾化水蒸汽的混 合气体， 实现增温加湿功能， 保证发酵温度的前提下， 避免热风加热带走筒内水 分， 以及发酵筒内后混合易造成的温湿度流场分布不均匀等缺陷。
参照图 5〜图 8， 本实施例中对温湿度系统做了进一步的改进， 发酵筒及其 安装结构均与图 1〜图 4的相同。
本实施例的温湿度系统包括水箱 la、 超生雾化发生单元 2a、 隧道加热系统 3a、 风机 44a; 所述超生雾化单元 2a用于对水箱 la中的水 14a进行超生雾化， 所述风机 44a用于将水箱中的潮湿雾化气体输送入所述隧道加热系统 3a; 所述 隧道加热系统 3a安装在水箱箱体顶部， 并与水箱腔体相通， 用于对由风机 44a 吹送而来的潮湿气体进行加热；所述超生雾化发生单元 2a和隧道加热系统 3a与 温湿度控制系统 3a相连， 受温湿度控制系统 4a控制。
水箱中在所述隧道加热系统进风端的正下方设置有溢流孔板 12a， 所述溢流 孔板倾斜倾斜固定在水箱箱体 11a上。 附图标号 13a为水箱的排水口。
所述隧道加热系统由螺旋空气电加热管 31a、 输送管 32a组成， 所述螺旋空 气电加热管 32a嵌套在输送管内。
所述超生雾化发生单元 2a安装在水箱的底部。 所述超生雾化发生单元为复 数个雾化头 20a并联而成，所述复数个雾化头 20a被分为可独立开启和关闭的多 组雾化头， 比如， 2个雾化头 20a为一组分别由温湿度控制系统 4a控制， 依据 发酵湿度要求分 2组工作、 3组工作、 4组工作、 5组工作等多个工作模式。
所述温湿度控制系统 4a设置有触摸屏 41a、电气箱 42a、温湿度传感器 431a、 液位传感器 432a， 所述风机 44a也与温湿度控制系统 4a相连而受其控制。
所述风机 44a固定在水箱侧面， 风机的鼓风风道 441a与水箱内部相通。 所述触摸屏面板显示发酵温度、 发酵湿度、 风机转速、 发酵计时、 启动、 停 止、 发酵参数设置等信息； 所述参数设置中可设置参数包括： 温度工作范围、湿 度工作范围、 风机转速、 发酵周期。
工作时， 在触摸屏 41a上设定发酵温湿度范围、发酵时间、风机转速等参数 后， 点击启动按钮， 则茶叶发酵环境发生装置进入工作状态。超声波雾化发声单 元 2开始产生雾化蒸汽， 蒸汽充满水箱 1， 由于溢流孔板 12a上孔径较小， 阻挡 了大部分雾化蒸汽进入隧道加热系统 3a。 当风机 44a按照设定转速通过风路向 水箱内鼓风， 则雾化蒸汽在风压作用下， 穿过溢流孔板 12a小孔流入并穿过隧道 加热系统 3a，其进风量随转速大小而变化。当雾化蒸汽经过隧道加热系统 3a时， 被螺旋空气加热管 31a加热， 所述隧道加热系统的出风端， 也即输送管 32a的出 口端直接和发酵筒的湿热气体进口端相连，加热后的雾化蒸汽经输送管直接进入 相连接的发酵筒内，无需先经过前述实施例的混合箱。
温湿度传感器 431a位于输送管 32a中加热元件也即螺旋空气加热管 31a的 下游， 用于检测经过的雾化蒸汽的温湿度。 当检测到温度超过设定范围时， 反馈 给控制系统 4a控制螺旋空气加热管 31a的通断， 来调节输出温度。 当湿度超过 设定范围时， 反馈给控制系统控制超声雾化发生单元 2a的通断， 来调节输出湿 度。
当达到发酵时间后， 控制系统 4a自动关闭整机， 停止工作。
以上实施例的温湿度系统具有以下优点：
1、 通过隧道内加热方式， 对雾化水蒸汽进行加热， 向连接的发酵筒内输入 适宜发酵的水分和温度， 保证稳定、 可靠、 可控的温湿环境。 避免传统热风加热 和蒸汽加热中带走水分或灼伤表面发酵叶的缺陷，使茶叶的发酵更加均匀、充分， 提高发酵品质的风格统一性和稳定性。
2、 工作效率大幅提高， 且整机结构简单、 控制调节方便， 造价低， 对发酵 方法、 工艺和设备具有重要创新和指导意义。 具体实施例是为了更清楚地理解本发明， 并不作为对本发明权利的一种限 制， 在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下， 可以有各种各样的变化， 所有这些对所述领 域技术人员显而易见的修改将包括在本权利要求的范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种滚筒式发酵设备， 包括机架、 设置在机架上的发酵单元、 对发酵单 元进行温湿度控制的温湿度系统和控制系统； 其特征在于： 所述机架包括底座和 枢接在底座上的活动支架；所述发酵单元包括固定在活动支架上的发酵筒和设置 在发酵筒内的搅拌板； 所述活动支架的枢接与所述底座呈偏置， 在远离所述活动 支架的枢接的所述发酵筒的一端上设有一出料门。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 所述发酵筒为透 明材质。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 所述搅拌板 包括固定在一主轴上呈径向延伸的连杆、固定在连杆外端上的翻板和固定在翻板 上的柔性刮板； 所述柔性刮板探出翻板 l-5cm并与发酵筒内壁相切接触。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 所述搅拌板为复 数个， 以等分 360° 角的固定角度， 沿一主轴呈轴向和周向交替分布。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 所述控制系 统包括温湿度传感器和排气扇；所述温湿度传感器设置在发酵筒端口的输气管道 内， 所述排气扇设置在出料门上方的端口挡板上。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 所述控制系 统还包括设置在出料门与活动支架之间的气动拉杆和设置在位于发酵筒出料门 端活动支架与底座之间的升降撑杆。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 所述温湿度 系统包括超声波加湿器、 热蒸汽发生器和混合箱。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 所述温湿度 系统包括： 水箱、 超生雾化发生单元、 隧道加热系统、 风机； 所述超生雾化单元 用于对水箱中的水进行超生雾化，所述风机用于将水箱中的潮湿气体输送入所述 隧道加热系统； 所述隧道加热系统安装在水箱顶部， 并与水箱腔体相通， 用于对 由风机吹送而来的潮湿气体进行加热；所述超生雾化发生单元和隧道加热系统与 温湿度控制系统相连， 受温湿度控制系统控制。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的滚筒式发酵设备， 其特征在于： 水箱中在所述隧 道加热系统进风端的正下方设置有溢流孔板， 所述溢流孔板倾斜布置。
10、如权利要求 8所述的滚筒式发酵设备，其特征在于所述超生雾化发生单 元为复数个雾化头并联而成，所述复数个雾化头被分为可独立开启和关闭的多组 雾化头。
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CN105454485A (zh) * 2015-12-28 2016-04-06 天津凯瑞基科技有限公司 一种高效茶叶循环发酵设备
CN106135502A (zh) * 2016-08-23 2016-11-23 四川川黄茶业集团有限公司 一种智能黄茶发酵机
CN108165480A (zh) * 2018-01-20 2018-06-15 徐州市禾协肥业有限公司 具有料门自动开关功能的带式发酵装置
CN110537593A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-06 云南下关沱茶（集团）股份有限公司 一种潮茶机
CN110810565A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2020-02-21 汪涌泉 一种茶叶发酵装置
CN112715694A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 衢州市绿峰工贸有限公司 筒体式发酵机

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