WO2014208451A1 - トリフルオロエチレンの製造方法 - Google Patents
トリフルオロエチレンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014208451A1 WO2014208451A1 PCT/JP2014/066319 JP2014066319W WO2014208451A1 WO 2014208451 A1 WO2014208451 A1 WO 2014208451A1 JP 2014066319 W JP2014066319 W JP 2014066319W WO 2014208451 A1 WO2014208451 A1 WO 2014208451A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/37—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by disproportionation of halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
- C07C17/263—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions
- C07C17/269—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing trifluoroethylene, and relates to a method for producing trifluoroethylene with high productivity using chlorofluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, and tetrafluoroethylene as raw materials.
- HFO-1123 trifluoroethylene
- HFC-32 difluoromethane
- HFC- 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane
- a method for producing HFO-1123 a method in which chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium or platinum catalyst (see, for example, Patent Document 1), 1,1,1,2-tetra A method of dehydrofluorination using a metal fluoride or the like in which fluoroethane (HFC-134a) or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134) is supported on a carrier such as aluminum oxide as a catalyst (for example, Patent Document 2), a method of reducing 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium (for example, see Patent Document 3), and the like are known. ing.
- CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- HFO-1132 (E) E-1,2-difluoroethylene
- the present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and HFO-1123, which is industrially useful in a synthesis reaction involving thermal decomposition without using a catalyst, using raw materials that are easily procured, is distilled from HFO-1123.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an economically advantageous method for efficiently producing high-purity by suppressing generation of by-products that are difficult to separate, particularly HFO-1132 (E).
- the present invention is a method for producing trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) from chlorofluoromethane (R31), chlorodifluoromethane (R22) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), (A) mixing the R31, the R22, and the TFE in advance or separately supplying them to the reactor; (B) supplying a heat medium to the reactor; (C) A step of generating HFO-1123 by bringing R31, R22, TFE, and the heating medium into contact with each other in the reactor while the temperature in the reactor is controlled to 400 to 950 ° C. A method for producing HFO-1123 is provided.
- R31, R22, and TFE which are easy to procure, are used as raw materials, and the raw materials are reacted as they are without using a catalyst by a synthesis reaction involving thermal decomposition controlled at a specific temperature.
- HFO-1123 which has a low global warming potential (GWP) and is industrially useful as a new refrigerant, can be efficiently produced.
- GWP global warming potential
- HFO-1123 having high purity by suppressing the formation of by-products which are very difficult to separate due to their close boiling points.
- RHFO-1132 (E) has a boiling point of ⁇ 51 ° C. and very close to the boiling point of HFO-1123 ( ⁇ 54 ° C.).
- the use of a heat medium makes it easy to control production (reaction) conditions, particularly temperature conditions, and thus enables quantitative production of HFO-1123, which is an economic advantage. Is big. Furthermore, by-products that can generate difluorocarbene (F 2 C :) can be recycled and used as raw material components, which is useful as an industrial production method.
- the production method of the present invention can significantly reduce the cost required for raw materials and production equipment, compared with the conventional production method using an expensive metal catalyst or highly explosive hydrogen, for example. It is advantageous. Furthermore, as described above, since it is possible to suppress the formation of by-products that are difficult to be separated from HFO-1123 such as HFO-1132 (E), a known technique such as pressure distillation can be used without employing a special purification method. It is also useful as an industrial production method in that high-purity HFO-1123 can be obtained by carrying out the purification separation used.
- the present invention provides a method for producing HFO-1123 by a synthetic reaction involving thermal decomposition using R31, R22 and TFE as raw materials. And this manufacturing method (A) mixing the R31, the R22, and the TFE in advance or separately supplying them to the reactor; (B) supplying a heat medium to the reactor; (C) A step of generating HFO-1123 by bringing R31, R22, TFE, and the heating medium into contact with each other in the reactor while the temperature in the reactor is controlled to 400 to 950 ° C.
- the production method of the present invention may be a continuous production method or a batch production method.
- supply of raw materials R31, R22 and TFE to the reactor, supply of the heat medium to the reactor, contact of the raw material with the heat medium in the reactor, and reaction including HFO-1123 Any removal of the mixture from the reactor is carried out continuously.
- the supply of R31, R22 and TFE in step (a) and the supply of the heat medium in step (b) may be either earlier or simultaneous. That is, when one of the raw material and the heat medium is supplied, even if the other is not supplied into the reactor, the component supplied later is retained during the retention of the previously supplied raw material or the heat medium.
- the supplied raw material and the heat medium may be brought into contact with each other for a predetermined time in a reactor whose internal temperature is controlled within the specific temperature range.
- the production method of the present invention is preferably a continuous method in terms of production efficiency.
- step (d) The step of taking out the reaction mixture containing the HFO-1123 from the reactor. Therefore, in the continuous manufacturing method, the step (a), the step (b), the step (c) and the step (d) are continuously performed.
- the raw materials R31, R22, and TFE cause reactions such as thermal decomposition, dehydrochlorination, and dechlorination in the reactor, and reaction intermediates such as difluorocarbene ( F 2 C :), fluoromethyl radical (H 2 FC ⁇ ) and the like are generated. Furthermore, in the mixture containing these reaction intermediates and unreacted raw material compounds, the reaction intermediates, the reaction intermediates and the raw material compounds are directly added or reacted with each other, or through one or more other intermediates. To be converted to -1123. In the present specification, the process from the thermal decomposition reaction to the formation reaction of HFO-1123 is referred to as a synthesis reaction involving thermal decomposition.
- HFO-1123 can be produced from R31, R22 and TFE in this way by the reaction of thermal decomposition, dehydrochlorination and dechlorination without using a catalyst. Since the production method of the present invention does not use a catalyst, it is more efficient and economically advantageous than a method using a conventional catalyst.
- such a synthesis reaction involving thermal decomposition is performed using a heat medium in a state where the temperature in the reactor for performing the reaction is controlled to 400 to 950 ° C.
- the target HFO-1123 can be produced while suppressing the formation of by-products that are difficult to separate from HFO-1123 such as HFO-1132 (E).
- high-purity HFO-1123 can be obtained by an ordinary purification method.
- the method for producing HFO-1123 of the present invention uses R31, R22 and TFE as raw materials.
- a compound capable of generating difluorocarbene (F 2 C :) by contact with a heat medium in the reactor for example, Hexafluoropropene (HFP), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), octafluorocyclobutane (RC318), hexafluoropropene oxide, and the like can be used.
- a compound capable of generating F 2 C: (excluding R22 and TFE) is also referred to as “other F 2 C: source compound”.
- the molar ratio of the supply amount of TFE and the supply amount of R22 (hereinafter referred to as “molar ratio TFE / R22”) is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 100.
- the molar ratio TFE / R22 is more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3.
- the supply amount of each component of the raw material and the heat medium indicates the supply amount per unit time.
- the molar ratio TFE / R22 is 0.01 or more, the contact time with the heat medium can be shortened.
- the molar ratio TFE / R22 is 100 or less, HFO-1123 can be obtained with a higher yield.
- the molar ratio of the supply amount of R31 and the total supply amount of R22 and the supply amount of TFE ranges from 0.01 to 100. Is preferred.
- the molar ratio R31 / (R22 + TFE) is more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10, particularly preferably in the range of 0.33 to 10.
- the conversion rate of R31 can be increased, and HFO-1123 can be produced in a higher yield.
- the temperature of R31 supplied to the reactor is preferably 0 to 950 ° C. from the viewpoint of reactivity. From the viewpoint of increasing the reactivity, it is more preferably 25 ° C. to 900 ° C. and particularly preferably 100 to 800 ° C. before introducing R31 into the reactor.
- the temperature of R22 supplied to the reactor is preferably 0 to 600 ° C., more preferably 25 to 600 ° C., and most preferably 100 to 500 ° C. from the viewpoint of further increasing the reactivity.
- the temperature of TFE supplied to the reactor is preferably 0 to 600 ° C., more preferably 25 to 600 ° C., and most preferably 100 to 500 ° C. from the viewpoint of further increasing the reactivity.
- each of R22 and TFE and the other F 2 C: source compounds is independently from the viewpoint that the reactivity is high to some extent but is difficult to carbonize.
- the temperature is preferably supplied to the reactor, and the temperature is preferably 0 to 600 ° C, more preferably 25 to 600 ° C, and most preferably 100 to 500 ° C.
- the temperature of each raw material component supplied to the reactor is set to be equal to or lower than the temperature in the reactor in the step (c) described below.
- R31, R22, and TFE, and other F 2 C used as necessary may be supplied to the reactor of each raw material of the source compound, or may be supplied separately after mixing the raw materials. Also good.
- the raw materials are preferably divided into groups.
- R22, TFE, and other F 2 C used as necessary may be divided into a source compound and the other, and each raw material may be mixed in each group and supplied separately to the reactor for each group. However, all the raw materials may be mixed before being supplied.
- the temperature at the time of supplying to the reactor is preferably 600 ° C. or less, and more preferably 500 ° C. or less.
- the heat medium in the present invention is supplied to the reactor so as to be in contact with the raw material for a certain time in the reactor.
- the heat medium is a medium that does not undergo thermal decomposition at the temperature in the reactor, and specifically, is preferably a medium that does not undergo thermal decomposition at the reaction temperature (100 to 950 ° C.).
- Examples of the heat medium include water vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and the like.
- the heat medium is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of water vapor, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and more preferably a mixture containing 50% by volume or more of water vapor, with the balance being nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide.
- the content ratio of water vapor in the heat medium is preferably 50% by volume or more, and more preferably 100% by volume (that is, only water vapor). preferable.
- the supply amount of the heat medium is preferably 20 to 98% by volume, more preferably 50 to 95% by volume with respect to the total amount of the heat medium and the raw material.
- the temperature of the heat medium supplied to the reactor is preferably 100 to 950 ° C. from the viewpoint of thermal decomposition and reactivity of raw material components. From the viewpoint of further increasing the reactivity of the raw material components, the temperature of the heat medium introduced into the reactor is more preferably 400 to 950 ° C, and most preferably 500 to 950 ° C.
- the temperature in the reactor in the step (c) is a temperature equal to or higher than the temperatures of R31, R22 and TFE as raw materials supplied to the reactor, and is 400 to 950 ° C.
- the temperature in the reactor is preferably 500 to 950 ° C, more preferably 600 to 950 ° C.
- the conversion rate (reaction rate) of R31 is increased in the reaction caused by the contact between the raw material and the heat medium, and the production of by-products, particularly HFO-1132 (E), is suppressed.
- HFO-1123 can be obtained with a higher yield.
- the temperature in the reactor can be controlled by adjusting the temperature and pressure of the heat medium supplied to the reactor. Further, the inside of the reactor can be supplementarily heated with an electric heater or the like so that the temperature in the reactor is in a particularly preferable temperature range (600 to 950 ° C.).
- the pressure in the reactor is preferably 0 to 2 MPa in gauge pressure, and more preferably in the range of 0 to 0.5 MPa.
- the contact time of the heat medium and the raw material in the reactor is preferably 0.01 to 10 seconds, more preferably 0.01 to 3.0 seconds.
- the contact time between the heat medium and the raw material corresponds to the residence time of the raw material in the reactor, and can be controlled by adjusting the supply amount (flow rate) of the raw material to the reactor.
- the shape of the reactor is not particularly limited as long as it can withstand the temperature and pressure in the reactor described later, and examples thereof include a cylindrical vertical reactor.
- Examples of the material of the reactor include glass, iron, nickel, or an alloy mainly composed of iron and nickel.
- This reaction apparatus 20 has a reactor 1 provided with heating means such as an electric heater.
- the reactor 1 includes a supply line 2 for R31 which is a first raw material, a supply line 3 for R22 which is a second raw material, a supply line 4 for TFE which is a third raw material component, and a supply line 5 for water vapor.
- the heating means in the reactor 1 is not essential.
- the R31 supply line 2, the R22 supply line 3 and the TFE supply line 4 are provided with preheaters (preheaters) 2a, 3a, 4a each equipped with an electric heater, etc. After being preheated to a temperature of 1, the reactor 1 is supplied.
- the steam supply line 5 is provided with a heating steam generator 5a, and the temperature and pressure of the steam supplied are adjusted. In addition, it is preferable to install the preheaters (preheater) 2a, 3a, 4a.
- these supply lines 2, 3, 4, and 5 may be separately connected to the reactor 1, but some or all of the supply lines are connected in front of the reactor 1 for reaction. It may be connected to the vessel 1.
- the R22 supply line 3 and the TFE supply line 4 are connected after passing through the respective preheaters 3a and 4a, and the connected R22 and TFE raw material supply lines are connected.
- the supply line 2 of R31 after passing through the preheater 2a may be further connected. That is, after pre-heating R22 and TFE are mixed, pre-heated R31 is further mixed to obtain a raw material mixture in which all raw materials are mixed, and this raw material mixture is fed from the raw material mixing supply line 7 to the reactor 1. You may comprise so that it may be supplied.
- the steam is configured to be supplied from the steam supply line 5 to the reactor 1 separately from the raw material mixing supply line 7.
- the R22 and TFE raw material supply lines 6, the R31 supply line 2, and the water vapor supply line 5, each of which is connected to the R22 supply line 3 and the TFE supply line 4, are provided. Separately connected to the reactor 1, R22 and TFE, R31, and water vapor can be separately supplied to the reactor 1 and mixed together in the vicinity of the inlet of the reactor 1. .
- an outlet line 9 provided with a cooling means 8 such as a heat exchanger is connected.
- a water vapor and acidic liquid recovery tank 10 In the outlet line 9, a water vapor and acidic liquid recovery tank 10, an alkali cleaning device 11 and a dehydration tower 12 are further installed in this order.
- an analyzer such as gas chromatography (GC).
- GC gas chromatography
- a reaction mixture containing HFO-1123 is taken out from the reactor 1, and the gas obtained by removing acidic substances such as hydrogen chloride, water vapor, water, etc. by the treatment after the outlet line 9 as described above, Hereinafter, it is referred to as “exit gas”.
- the outlet gas contains the target product HFO-1123.
- Examples of compounds other than the raw material components (TFE, R31, R22) and HFO-1123 contained in the outlet gas include HFO-1132 (E / Z), 1,1-difluoroethylene (VdF), CTFE, 1-chloro- 2,2-difluoroethylene (HCFO-1122), E / Z-1,2-dichlorofluoroethylene (HCFO-1122a (E / Z)), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), methane E / Z-1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene (HCFO-1131 (E / Z)), fluoroethylene (HFO-1141), 3,3-difluoropropene (HFO-1252zf), 3,3,3- Trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), E / Z-1 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropenene (
- a compound having a moiety in which two or more fluorine atoms are bonded to one carbon specifically, HFP, CTFE, HFO-1123, HFO-1225, RC318, VdF, etc. are all R22 of the raw material components. And / or a compound derived from TFE.
- HFO-1123 is a compound derived from R22 and / or TFE, as well as a compound derived from R31.
- the above components other than HFO-1123 contained in the outlet gas can be removed to a desired extent by known means such as distillation.
- a general distillation method can be used without using a special purification method or apparatus.
- High-purity HFO-1123 can be produced with an apparatus or the like.
- R22, TFE, and R31 separated from the outlet gas can be recycled as a part of the raw material.
- HFP, CTFE, and RC318 are F 2 C: source compounds and can be recycled as part of the raw material.
- VdF, TFE, HFP, CTFE, etc. are PVdF (VdF polymer), PTFE (TFE polymer), FEP (TFE-HFP copolymer), VdF-HFP copolymer, PCTFE (PCTFE), if necessary.
- CTFE polymer) and ECTFE ethylene-CTFE copolymer can be used as raw materials for fluororesins.
- Examples 1 to 6 are examples, and example 7 is a comparative example.
- Example 1 Using the reaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1, crude HFO-1123 was obtained as shown below from a raw material gas composed of R31, R22, and TFE.
- R31 was continuously introduced into a preheater 2a of a stainless steel tube in an electric furnace set at a furnace temperature of 300 ° C, and R31 was preheated (preheated) to 300 ° C.
- R22 was continuously introduced into the preheater 3a of the stainless steel tube in the electric furnace set to 300 ° C in the furnace, and R22 was preheated to 300 ° C.
- TFE was continuously introduced into a stainless steel tube preheater 4a in the electric furnace set at a furnace temperature of 300 ° C., and the TFE was preheated to 300 ° C.
- the reactor 1 was controlled to have an internal pressure (gauge pressure) of 0.04 MPa and an internal temperature of 850 ° C.
- gauge pressure gauge pressure
- the flow rate of the source gas (amount supplied per unit time) is controlled so that the residence time of the source gas in the reactor 1 is 0.1 second, and the gas of the reaction mixture is taken out from the outlet of the reactor 1. It was.
- the actually measured value of the reactor 1 internal temperature was 850 ° C., and the actually measured value of the reactor 1 internal pressure was 0.04 MPa.
- the reaction mixture gas taken out from the outlet of the reactor 1 includes unreacted raw material gas in addition to the gas generated or by-produced by the reaction.
- the gas of the reaction mixture taken out from the outlet of the reactor 1 is cooled to 100 ° C. or lower, and after performing steam and acidic liquid recovery and alkali washing in order, dehydration treatment is performed, and gas chromatographic analysis is performed.
- the molar composition of the gas component contained in the exit gas was calculated.
- R31 yield R31-derived component (methyl group (—CH 3 ), methylene group (—CH 2 —, ⁇ CH 2 ) or methine group ( ⁇ CH, —CH ⁇ ) in the exit gas, one fluorine atom and hydrogen
- the ratio (mol%) occupied by R31 in the portion (a compound having —CFH—, ⁇ CFH) in which one atom is bonded to one carbon.
- R31 conversion rate (reaction rate)
- the proportion of R31 (Yield of R31) is X%
- (100 ⁇ X)% is referred to as the conversion rate (reaction rate) of R31. It means the ratio (mol%) of reacted R31.
- the percentage converted to each component other than R31 is the percentage.
- the selectivity of each component is obtained by “yield of each component derived from R31” / “conversion rate of R31 (reaction rate)”.
- the yield of each component derived from R31 refers to the proportion (mol%) of each component other than R31 among the components derived from R31 in the outlet gas.
- HFO-1123 / HFO-1132 (E) This is the ratio of the abundance ratio of HFO-1123 to the abundance ratio of HFO-1132 (E) in the outlet gas. It is obtained by “Mole composition of outlet gas of HFO-1123” / “Mole composition of outlet gas of HFO-1132 (E)”. This represents the ratio (molar ratio) of HFO-1123 to the HFO-1132 (E) in the outlet gas.
- Example 2 The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the set temperature of the electric furnace for heating the steam was 800 ° C. and the internal temperature of the reactor was controlled to 800 ° C. Next, the gas of the reaction mixture taken out from the outlet of the reactor was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the obtained outlet gas was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 together with the reaction conditions.
- Example 3 The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the set temperature of the electric furnace for heating the steam was 750 ° C. and the internal temperature of the reactor was controlled at 750 ° C. Subsequently, the gas of the reaction mixture taken out from the outlet of the reactor was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the obtained outlet gas was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 together with the reaction conditions.
- Example 4 The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the flow rate of the raw material gas was controlled so that the residence time of the raw material gas in the reactor was 0.2 seconds. Next, the gas of the reaction mixture taken out from the outlet of the reactor was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the obtained outlet gas was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 together with the reaction conditions.
- Example 5 The set temperature of the electric furnace for heating the steam is set to 650 ° C., the internal temperature of the reactor is controlled to 650 ° C., and the flow rate of the raw material gas is set so that the residence time of the raw material gas in the reactor is 0.5 seconds.
- the reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the control was performed.
- the gas of the reaction mixture taken out from the outlet of the reactor was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the obtained outlet gas was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 together with the reaction conditions.
- Example 6 The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 5 except that the set temperature of the electric furnace for heating the steam was 600 ° C and the internal temperature of the reactor was controlled at 600 ° C. Next, the gas of the reaction mixture taken out from the outlet of the reactor was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the obtained outlet gas was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 together with the reaction conditions.
- Example 7 The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the set temperature of the electric furnace for heating the steam was 980 ° C. and the internal temperature of the reactor was controlled at 980 ° C. Next, the gas of the reaction mixture taken out from the outlet of the reactor was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the obtained outlet gas was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 together with the reaction conditions.
- R31, R22, and TFE which are easy to procure, are used as raw materials, and the raw materials are reacted as they are without using a catalyst by a synthesis reaction involving thermal decomposition controlled at a specific temperature. Therefore, by suppressing the generation of by-products that have a low global warming potential (GWP) and are useful as a new refrigerant, such as HFO-1123, which is efficient and difficult to distill from HFO-1123 such as HFO-1132 (E) It can be produced with high purity.
- GWP global warming potential
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Abstract
Description
(a)前記R31と前記R22と前記TFEとを、予め混合してまたは別々に反応器に供給する工程と、
(b)熱媒体を前記反応器に供給する工程と、
(c)前記反応器内で、該反応器内の温度を400~950℃に制御した状態で、前記R31と前記R22と前記TFEと前記熱媒体とを接触させてHFO-1123を生成させる工程と
を有することを特徴とするHFO-1123の製造方法を提供する。
本発明は、原料として、R31とR22とTFEとを用い、熱分解を伴う合成反応により、HFO-1123を製造する方法を提供する。そして、この製造方法は、
(a)前記R31と前記R22と前記TFEとを、予め混合してまたは別々に反応器に供給する工程と、
(b)熱媒体を前記反応器に供給する工程と、
(c)前記反応器内で、該反応器内の温度を400~950℃に制御した状態で、前記R31と前記R22と前記TFEと前記熱媒体とを接触させてHFO-1123を生成させる工程と、
を有する。
本発明の製造方法における反応器内の主な反応を下記式(1)に示す。
本発明のHFO-1123の製造方法は、R31、R22およびTFEを原料として用いる。原料としては、上記3成分に加えて、反応器内で熱媒体との接触により分解してジフルオロカルベン(F2C:)を発生し得る化合物(ただし、R22とTFEを除く。)、例えば、ヘキサフルオロプロペン(HFP)、クロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)、オクタフルオロシクロブタン(RC318)、ヘキサフルオロプロペンオキサイド等を使用することができる。以下、F2C:を発生し得る化合物(ただし、R22とTFEを除く。)を「他のF2C:源化合物」ともいう。
反応器に供給するTFEの温度は、より反応性を高めるという観点から0~600℃が好ましく、25℃~600℃がより好ましく、100~500℃が最も好ましい。
本発明における熱媒体は、上記原料と反応器内で一定の時間接触するように、反応器に供給される。熱媒体は、反応器内の温度で熱分解が生じない媒体であり、具体的には反応温度(100~950℃)で熱分解しない媒体であるのが好ましい。熱媒体としては、水蒸気、窒素、二酸化炭素等が挙げられる。熱媒体としては、水蒸気、窒素および二酸化炭素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなることが好ましく、水蒸気を50体積%以上含み、残部が窒素および/または二酸化炭素である混合物がより好ましい。各原料の熱媒体との接触による反応に伴い生成する塩化水素を塩酸にして除くために、熱媒体における水蒸気の含有割合は50体積%以上が好ましく、100体積%(すなわち、水蒸気のみ)がより好ましい。
また、反応器に供給する熱媒体の温度は、その熱分解と原料成分の反応性の観点から100~950℃が好ましい。原料成分の反応性をより高めるという観点からは、反応器に導入する熱媒体の温度は400~950℃がより好ましく、500~950℃が最も好ましい。
工程(c)における反応器内の温度は、反応器に供給される原料であるR31、R22およびTFEの温度以上の温度であり、かつ400~950℃である。反応器内の温度は、500~950℃が好ましく、600~950℃がより好ましい。反応器内の温度が400~950℃であると、原料と熱媒体との接触による反応においてR31の転化率(反応率)を高めるとともに、副生物、特にHFO-1132(E)の生成を抑制して、HFO-1123をより高い収率で得ることができる。
本発明において、HFO-1123の製造に使用される反応装置の一例を、図1および図2に示す。
この反応装置20は、電気ヒータ等の加熱手段を備えた反応器1を有する。反応器1には、第1の原料であるR31の供給ライン2、第2の原料であるR22の供給ライン3、第3の原料成分であるTFEの供給ライン4、および水蒸気の供給ライン5が、以下に示すように接続されている。なお、反応器1における加熱手段の設置は必須ではない。
出口ガスには、目的生成物であるHFO-1123が含まれる。出口ガスに含有される原料成分(TFE、R31、R22)およびHFO-1123以外の化合物としては、HFO-1132(E/Z)、1,1-ジフルオロエチレン(VdF)、CTFE、1-クロロ-2,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HCFO-1122)、E/Z-1,2-ジクロロフルオロエチレン(HCFO-1122a(E/Z))、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)、メタン、E/Z-1-クロロ-2-フルオロエチレン(HCFO-1131(E/Z))、フルオロエチレン(HFO-1141)、3,3-ジフルオロプロペン(HFO-1252zf)、3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン(HFO-1243zf)、2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO-1234yf)、E/Z-1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO-1234ze(E/Z))、HFP、E/Z-1,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO-1225ye(E/Z))、1,1,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロペン(HFO-1225zc)、HFC-125、HFC-134、HFC-134a、1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143a)、1-クロロ-1,2,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン(HCFC-124)、1-クロロ-1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン(HCFC-124a)、1,1,1,2,2,3,3-ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFC-227ca)、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFC-227ea)、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFC-236fa)、1,1,1,2,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFC-236ea)、ジクロロジフルオロメタン(CFC-12)、HFC-32、トリフルオロメタン(HFC-23)、フルオロメタン(HFC-41)、クロロメタン、およびRC318等が挙げられる。なお、上記においてE/ZはE体とZ体の混合物を意味する。
図1に示す反応装置を用い、R31とR22とTFEとからなる原料ガスから、以下に示すようにして粗HFO-1123を得た。
なお、R31、R22およびTFEの予熱温度は、予熱用の各電気炉における設定温度であり、水蒸気温度は、水蒸気加熱用の電気炉における設定温度である。また、水蒸気圧力は設定圧力である。
(R31の収率)
出口ガス中のR31由来成分(メチル基(-CH3)、メチレン基(-CH2-、=CH2)またはメチン基(≡CH、-CH=)を有する化合物、およびフッ素原子1個と水素原子1個がひとつの炭素に結合した部分(-CFH-、=CFH)をもつ化合物)のうちで、R31の占める割合(モル%)をいう。
出口ガス中のR31由来成分のうちで、R31の占める割合(R31の収率)がX%であるとき、(100-X)%をR31の転化率(反応率)という。反応したR31の割合(モル%)を意味する。
反応したR31のうちで、R31以外の各成分に転化したのは各々何%かをいう。各成分の選択率は、「R31由来の各成分の収率」/「R31の転化率(反応率)」で求められる。なお、R31由来の各成分の収率は、出口ガス中のR31由来成分のうちのR31以外の各成分の占める割合(モル%)をいう。
出口ガス中のHFO-1132(E)の存在比に対するHFO-1123の存在比の割合である。「HFO-1123の出口ガスモル組成」/「HFO-1132(E)の出口ガスモル組成」で求められる。出口ガス中にHFO-1123がHFO-1132(E)に対してどのくらいの割合(モル比)で存在しているかを表す。
スチームを加熱する電気炉の設定温度を800℃とし、反応器の内温を800℃に管理した以外は例1と同様な条件で反応を行なわせた。次いで、反応器の出口より取り出した反応混合物のガスを例1と同様に処理した後、得られた出口ガスを例1と同様に分析した。結果を反応の条件とともに表1に示す。
スチームを加熱する電気炉の設定温度を750℃とし、反応器の内温を750℃に管理した以外は例1と同様な条件で反応を行なわせた。次いで、反応器の出口より取り出した反応混合物のガスを例1と同様に処理した後、得られた出口ガスを例1と同様に分析した。結果を反応の条件とともに表1に示す。
反応器内の原料ガスの滞留時間が0.2秒間となるように、原料ガスの流量を制御した以外は例3と同様な条件で反応を行なわせた。次いで、反応器の出口より取り出した反応混合物のガスを例1と同様に処理した後、得られた出口ガスを例1と同様に分析した。結果を反応の条件とともに表1に示す。
スチームを加熱する電気炉の設定温度を650℃とし、反応器の内温を650℃に管理し、反応器内の原料ガスの滞留時間が0.5秒間となるように、原料ガスの流量を制御した以外は例1と同様な条件で反応を行なわせた。次いで、反応器の出口より取り出した反応混合物のガスを例1と同様に処理した後、得られた出口ガスを例1と同様に分析した。結果を反応の条件とともに表1に示す。
スチームを加熱する電気炉の設定温度を600℃とし、反応器の内温を600℃に管理した以外は例5と同様な条件で反応を行なわせた。次いで、反応器の出口より取り出した反応混合物のガスを例1と同様に処理した後、得られた出口ガスを例1と同様に分析した。結果を反応の条件とともに表1に示す。
スチームを加熱する電気炉の設定温度を980℃とし、反応器の内温を980℃に管理した以外は例4と同様な条件で反応を行なわせた。次いで、反応器の出口より取り出した反応混合物のガスを例1と同様に処理した後、得られた出口ガスを例1と同様に分析した。結果を反応の条件とともに表1に示す。
なお、2013年6月28日に出願された日本特許出願2013-136610号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (12)
- クロロフルオロメタンとクロロジフルオロメタンとテトラフルオロエチレンから、トリフルオロエチレンを製造する方法であって、
(a)前記クロロフルオロメタンと前記クロロジフルオロメタンと前記テトラフルオロエチレンとを、予め混合してまたは別々に反応器に供給する工程と、
(b)熱媒体を前記反応器に供給する工程と、
(c)前記反応器内で、該反応器内の温度を400~950℃に制御した状態で、前記クロロフルオロメタンと前記クロロジフルオロメタンと前記テトラフルオロエチレンと前記熱媒体とを接触させてトリフルオロエチレンを生成させる工程と、
を有することを特徴とするトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。 - 前記テトラフルオロエチレンの供給量が、前記クロロジフルオロメタンの1モルに対して0.01~100モルである、請求項1に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記クロロフルオロメタンの供給量が、前記クロロジフルオロメタンと前記テトラフルオロエチレンの合計1モルに対して0.01~100モルである、請求項1または2に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器に供給する前記クロロフルオロメタンの温度が0~950℃である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器に供給する前記クロロジフルオロメタンの温度が0~600℃である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器に供給する前記テトラフルオロエチレンの温度が0~600℃である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器に供給する前記熱媒体の温度が100~950℃である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記熱媒体が、水蒸気、窒素および二酸化炭素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記熱媒体の供給量が、前記反応器に供給する全気体中の20~98体積%である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 工程(c)における接触時間が、0.01~10秒間である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 工程(c)における前記反応器内の圧力が、ゲージ圧で0~2MPaである、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
- 前記反応器への原料の供給から前記反応器からの反応混合物の取り出しまでを連続的に行う、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09104647A (ja) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-04-22 | Solvay & Cie | 1,1,2−トリクロロ−1,2,2−トリフルオロエタンで開始するクロロトリフルオロエチレン及びトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法、並びにこの方法で使用する触媒組成物 |
| JP2010533151A (ja) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-10-21 | ゾルファイ フルーオル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 金属フッ化物触媒上でのハロゲンおよび水素を有するアルケンの製造 |
| JP2011201877A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-10-13 | Daikin Industries Ltd | テトラフルオロエチレンの還元体の製造方法 |
| WO2013146709A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンおよび1,1-ジフルオロエチレンの製造方法 |
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| JP2846491B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-12 | 1999-01-13 | ダウ・コ−ニング・コ−ポレ−ション | 3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン−1の調製方法 |
| CA2564897C (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2012-11-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Processes for synthesis of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09104647A (ja) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-04-22 | Solvay & Cie | 1,1,2−トリクロロ−1,2,2−トリフルオロエタンで開始するクロロトリフルオロエチレン及びトリフルオロエチレンの製造方法、並びにこの方法で使用する触媒組成物 |
| JP2010533151A (ja) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-10-21 | ゾルファイ フルーオル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 金属フッ化物触媒上でのハロゲンおよび水素を有するアルケンの製造 |
| JP2011201877A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-10-13 | Daikin Industries Ltd | テトラフルオロエチレンの還元体の製造方法 |
| WO2013146709A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンおよび1,1-ジフルオロエチレンの製造方法 |
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| JPWO2014208451A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
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