WO2014187316A1 - 一种α-1,4-葡聚糖及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种α-1,4-葡聚糖及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2014187316A1
WO2014187316A1 PCT/CN2014/077978 CN2014077978W WO2014187316A1 WO 2014187316 A1 WO2014187316 A1 WO 2014187316A1 CN 2014077978 W CN2014077978 W CN 2014077978W WO 2014187316 A1 WO2014187316 A1 WO 2014187316A1
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honeysuckle
polysaccharide
glucan
water
dried
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PCT/CN2014/077978
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English (en)
French (fr)
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丁侃
王培培
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中国科学院上海药物研究所
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Priority claimed from CN201310190825.XA external-priority patent/CN104177510B/zh
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Publication of WO2014187316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187316A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0006Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
    • C08B37/0009Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0003General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicine extracting polysaccharide, and more particularly to an ⁇ -1,4-glucan extracted from honeysuckle (;3 ⁇ 4w o «/ce ra e), a preparation method thereof and a preparation thereof for treatment Application in drugs for Zhaimer. Background technique
  • sugar-based drugs has gradually become a frontier topic in the pharmaceutical industry at home and abroad.
  • the sugar substances especially the polysaccharides derived from Chinese herbal medicines, are based on a wide range of biological functions, small side effects and abundant resources. They are also highly valued by R&D personnel in various countries and have potential applications.
  • honeysuckle is the dry flower bud of vine plant honeysuckle. According to the "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic", it is cold, sweet, has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying, dispelling wind and dissipating heat. It is mainly used for treating wind and heat. Cold, bloated and venomous, hot and bloody, bloody and bloody. Honeysuckle is rich in a variety of active ingredients and complex. Pharmacological studies show that these compounds have a wide range of biological activities such as broad-spectrum antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • AD is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and loss of independent self-care.
  • AD As the population ages, the incidence of AD has increased year by year, and has become one of the most important public health concerns [7] .
  • AD ⁇ -amyloid protein
  • AD patients due to mutations in AD-related genes, increased metal ion concentrations, and Changes in pH and other factors lead to changes in the microenvironment of the brain, which triggers a change in the conformation of amyloid, that is, from ⁇ -helix to ⁇ -sheet which tends to aggregate into fibers, which can interfere with Ca 2+ homeostasis and initiate oxidation.
  • Stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, induction of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neuronal loss lead to neurotoxicity, which ultimately leads to dementia [9] . Therefore, based on the neurotoxicity of ⁇ , targeting ⁇ , finding drugs to reduce ⁇ formation, inhibit ⁇ aggregation and accelerate ⁇ degradation is currently a research hotspot for the treatment of AD drugs [1Q] .
  • honeysuckle polysaccharides derived medicine ⁇ 42 significantly inhibited aggregation in vitro, and to inhibit the cytotoxic ⁇ 42 induced aggregation at the cellular level human neuroblastoma, a potential role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
  • the invention utilizes a simple and effective polysaccharide extraction process and method, and obtains ⁇ -1,4-glucan from honeysuckle as raw material, and pharmacological experiments show that the ⁇ -1,4-glucan is at 100 g. at a concentration / ml, and completely inhibited in vitro aggregation ⁇ 42 and inhibits cytotoxicity induced aggregation ⁇ 42 at the cellular level, thus, the ⁇ -1,4- glucans are expected to be developed into a therapeutic Al A sugar drug for Zhaimer's disease.
  • n is a positive integer
  • the weight average molecular weight range is: about 10-100 kDa.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the ⁇ -1,4-glucan is preferably about 15-80 kDa, more preferably 20-50 kDa.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing the ⁇ -1,4-glucan from honeysuckle. The method includes the following steps:
  • honeysuckle crude polysaccharide The dried honeysuckle is degreased by ethanol, extracted by water, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated, deproteinized by 15% trichloroacetic acid, neutralized, dialyzed, concentrated, alcohol precipitated, centrifuged, and vacuum dried to obtain water.
  • Honeysuckle crude polysaccharide The dried honeysuckle is degreased by ethanol, extracted by water, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated, deproteinized by 15% trichloroacetic acid, neutralized, dialyzed, concentrated, alcohol precipitated, centrifuged, and vacuum dried to obtain water.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • the dried honeysuckle is degreased in 95% ethanol for 7-10 days, naturally dried at room temperature, and the dried honeysuckle is added with 20 times weight of deionized water, and extracted at 100 °C for 2-6 times, each time 5-7 h, the filtrate is combined, heated and concentrated, the concentrate is deproteinized at a final concentration of 15% trichloroacetic acid at 0-4 ° C, centrifuged, the supernatant is neutralized, dialyzed, concentrated, and added to the concentrate three times a volume of 95% ethanol, precipitated by centrifugation, and the precipitate is vacuum-dried to obtain a crude polysaccharide of honeysuckle;
  • the ⁇ -1,4-glucan according to the present invention has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 10 to 100 kDa as determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC).
  • HPGPC high performance gel permeation chromatography
  • the sugar composition analysis is carried out, that is, the polysaccharide is completely hydrolyzed, reduced, acetylated, extracted, concentrated, and sent to a gas chromatograph for analysis.
  • the ⁇ -1,4-glucan according to the present invention contains only glucose units.
  • the reaction was carried out with methyl iodide until the polysaccharide was completely methylated, and then completely acid-hydrolyzed, reduced, acetylated, extracted, concentrated, and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
  • ⁇ -1,4-glucan according to the present invention is ⁇ -1,4 linked glucose as the main chain, and at C6
  • the dextran branching structure with a small amount of ⁇ -1,4 linkages contains an average of 1 branch per 16 glucose residues.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide use of the ⁇ -1,4-glucan according to the present invention for the preparation of a medicament for treating a nervous system injury induced by ⁇ -amyloid.
  • the present invention provides the use of ⁇ -1,4-glucan according to the present invention for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the ⁇ -1,4-glucan of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the composition contains 0.01% to 99.95% by weight of the composition.
  • ⁇ -1,4-glucan is used as an active ingredient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition preferably contains ⁇ -1,4-glucan in a weight ratio of 0.1% to 99.9% as an active ingredient, preferably, ⁇ -1,4-glucan in a weight ratio of 0.1% to 99.5%.
  • the sugar as the active ingredient more preferably contains the active ingredient in a weight ratio of 0.5% to 95%.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the ⁇ -1,4-glucan of the present invention, has a remarkable effect of treating nervous system damage induced by ⁇ -amyloid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used for the preparation of a medicament for treating neurological damage induced by ⁇ -amyloid.
  • the neurological damage induced by ⁇ -amyloid is Alzheimer's disease.
  • the mixture of ⁇ -1,4-glucan and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent, etc. may be administered orally in the form of a tablet, capsule, granule, powder or syrup.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent, etc.
  • the form of the injection is administered orally.
  • the above formulations can be prepared by conventional pharmaceutical methods.
  • useful pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include excipients (for example, saccharide derivatives such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol; starch derivatives such as corn starch, potato starch, dextrin, and carboxymethyl Base starch; cellulose derivatives such as crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; gum arabic; dextran; Magnesium aluminum silicate; phosphate derivatives such as calcium phosphate; carbonate derivatives such as calcium carbonate; sulfate derivatives such as calcium sulfate; etc.; binders (eg gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol; , disintegrating agents (such as cellulose derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone;), lubricants (such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, cetyl, boric acid,
  • a safe and effective amount of the alpha-1,4-glucan of the invention is administered to a mammal, wherein the safe and effective amount is usually at least about 1 microgram per day, and in most cases no more than about 10 mg / kg body weight.
  • the dosage is from about 1 microgram per day to about 3 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
  • specific doses should also consider factors such as the route of administration, the health of the patient, etc., which are within the skill of the skilled physician.
  • the ⁇ -1,4-glucan of the present invention may be used as a single drug or in combination with other drugs.
  • Preferred combinations include: in combination with surgery, in combination with one or more western medicines, in combination with Chinese herbal medicines, in combination with radiotherapy.
  • the administration route of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes, but is not limited to, oral administration, injection administration, intratumoral administration, implantation administration, intraluminal administration, anal administration, transdermal administration. Administration, internal and external application; preferred injection administration includes: intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intraluminal injection.
  • Example 1 is a purity identification diagram of ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW0F2 of Example 1;
  • Figure 3 is a 13 C NMR spectrum of ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW0F of Example 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a measurement result of the ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW02 of Example 1 inhibiting the aggregation activity of ⁇ 42 ;
  • Fig. 4 ⁇ is the result of thioflavin fluorescence detection;
  • Fig. 4 ⁇ is the result of atomic force microscopy after 7 days of ⁇ 42 incubation alone;
  • Figure 4C shows the results of atomic force microscopy after 7 days of incubation with LJW0F2 and ⁇ 42 )
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of neurotoxication induced by ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW02 of Example 1 to inhibit ⁇ 42 aggregation. detailed description
  • the supernatant was purified by G150 gel column (GE Lifescience) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.
  • the elution curve was drawn by sulfuric acid-phenol method. The curves were separately charged to the combined eluate, and thus repeatedly purified to obtain a polysaccharide fraction LJW0F2 100 mg.
  • High performance gel chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the relative weight average molecular weight of LJW0F2 was about 37.1 kDa, and its purity determination chart is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Analysis of the sugar composition indicated that LJW0F2 was a glucan.
  • the infrared spectrum shows that 3403 cm- 1 is the OH stretching vibration absorption peak, 2927 cm- 1 is the CH stretching vibration absorption peak, the CO and sugar ring vibration signals are around 1000-1400 cm- 1 , and there is no absorption peak near 1720 cm- 1 .
  • This polysaccharide was shown to contain no uronic acid (Fig. 2).
  • the carbon signal at ⁇ 100.98 is the C-1 signal of ⁇ -glucan.
  • Other carbon signals were C-2 (572.97), C-3 (574.60), C-4 (578.08), C-5 (572.61) and C6 (561.70) (Fig. 3).
  • the type and proportion of the sugar residue linkages in the polysaccharide LJW0F2 can be analyzed by methylation.
  • the results showed that the glucose residue of LJW0F2 has three linkage modes, namely 1,4-, 1, 4, 6- and terminally linked glucose groups, the ratio of which is 14: 1: 1. From the above ratio, it was found that the main chain structure of LJW0F2 should be a 1,4-linked dextran structure, and a 1,4-linked dextran branching structure at a portion C6 of the main chain.
  • ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW0F2 completely inhibited the aggregation of ⁇ 42 at a final concentration of 100 g/mL.
  • ⁇ 42 showed a large amount of oligomers after 7 days of incubation alone, and after 7 days of incubation with polysaccharide LJW0F2 (Fig. 4C), no significant aggregation was observed.
  • the results of fluorescence detection result of Thioflavin coincides polysaccharide proved to inhibit aggregation ⁇ 42 activity.
  • ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW0F2 inhibits neuronal cytotoxicity induced by ⁇ 42 aggregation
  • Human neuroblastoma cell SH-SY5Y (purchased from the Chinese Academy of Sciences cell bank) was cultured in a 1:1 volume of 1:1 and MEM and Ham's F12 medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum) in a 5% CO 2 incubator at 37 °C. Change the solution once every 2-3 days. After the cells were overlaid, they were digested with 0.25% trypsin (Invitrogen), and inoculated into a 96-well cell culture plate at 35,000 cells/well, and cultured at a volume of 100 37 ° C for 16 h to adhere the cells.
  • trypsin Invitrogen
  • ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW0F2 solution (0, 1000, 100, 10 g/mL) were incubated with ⁇ 42 (200 ⁇ ) or an equal volume of DMSO, and incubated for 4 days in a 37 °C water bath. Overnight cell supernatant, add the above-mentioned solution incubated for 4 days diluted with the medium, 100 L per well, so that the final concentration of ⁇ 42 is 2 ⁇ , and the final concentration of ⁇ -1,4-glucan LJW0F2 is (0, 10 g). /mL, 1 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL). Incubation was continued for 48 h at 37 °C, and cell viability was determined by CCK-8.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种从金银花中提取的多糖、其制备方法和在制备治疗阿尔兹海默症的药物中的用途。具体而言,本申请涉及一种从金银花中提取的α-1,4-葡聚糖,所述制备方法包括:首先从金银花中提取粗多糖,再醇沉、脱蛋白、多种柱层析纯化得所述α-1,4-葡聚糖。经体外实验证明,所述α-1,4-葡聚糖可显著抑制阿尔兹海默症的关键发病因子Aβ42的聚集并能抑制Aβ42的聚集诱导的神经细胞毒性,有望成为治疗阿尔兹海默症的潜在多糖药物。

Description

一种 α-1,4-葡聚糖及其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及中草药提取多糖,更具体地说,涉及一种从金银花 (;¾w o«/cerae) 中提取得到的 α-1,4-葡聚糖、其制备方法以及其在制备治疗阿尔兹海默症的药物中 的应用。 背景技术
随着糖化学与糖生物学的深入发展, 植物多糖作为一类重要的生物活性物质, 通过大量研究已被证实具有免疫调节、 抗肿瘤、 抗病毒、 抗氧化及抗感染等多种 生物活性, 且对机体的毒副作用小。 因此, 具有生物活性的多糖已日益受到重视。
目前, 以糖类为基础的药物研究和开发已逐渐成为国内外医药界的前沿课题。 而糖类物质, 尤其是中草药来源的多糖物质基于生物功能广泛, 毒副作用小、 资 源丰富等诸多优势, 也受到各国研发人员的极大重视, 具有潜在广泛的应用前景。
金银花作为一种重要的传统中药, 为藤蔓植物忍冬的干燥花蕾, 据 《神农本 草经》 记载, 其性寒, 味甘, 有清热解毒、 疏风散热之功效, 临床上主要用于治 疗风热感冒、 痈肿疖毒、 热毒血痢、 痔漏便血等。 金银花富含多种活性成分且组 成复杂, 药理研究表明这些化合物具有广谱抗菌、 抗病毒、 抗肿瘤、 增强免疫及 解热抗炎、 保肝利胆、 抗溃疡等多种生物活性。
多糖物质作为金银花药效的重要组成部分, 目前研究较少。 现有的几项对于 金银花多糖的研究仅限于对其粗多糖的提取[13]及抑菌抗氧化生物活性等的初步 筛选 [46]。 金银花多糖在治疗神经系统疾病中的作用, 尚无报道。 阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer's disease, AD ) 亦称为早老性痴呆, 是一种慢性进行性的神经退行性 疾病, 主要表现为渐进性的记忆能力下降, 认知功能障碍以及失去生活独立自理 能力。 随着人口老龄化的不断加剧, AD的发病率也逐年升高, 已成为最重要的公 众关注的健康问题之一[7]
β淀粉样蛋白 (; β-amyloid protein, Αβ)在脑内的异常表达和沉积是目前认为引发 AD的核心环节 [8]。 在 AD患者中, 由于 AD相关基因突变、 金属离子浓度增加及 pH改变等因素, 导致脑内微环境改变, 从而引发淀粉样蛋白的构象发生变化, 即 由 α-螺旋转变为易于聚集成纤维状的 β-折叠, 从而可干扰 Ca2+稳态、 引发氧化应 激、 线粒体功能障碍、 炎症反应、 诱导 Tau蛋白过度磷酸化和导致神经元丢失等 级联神经毒性, 而最终导致痴呆[9]。 因此, 基于 Αβ的神经毒性, 以 Αβ为作用靶 点, 寻找减少 Αβ形成、 抑制 Αβ聚集和加速 Αβ降解的药物是目前治疗 AD药物 的研究热点 [1Q]
我们实验发现, 中药金银花来源的多糖可在体外显著抑制 Αβ42聚集, 并在人 神经瘤母细胞水平上抑制 Αβ42聚集诱导的细胞毒性, 具有潜在的治疗阿尔兹海默 症的作用。
[1]张玉, 马力, 陈文. 醇析水提法提取金银花多糖 [J]. 医药导报, 2006, 25(11): 1 118-1 120.
[2] 邓庆华. 用正交试验法优化金银花多糖提取工艺 [D]. 长春: 东北师范大 学, 2008.
[3] 赵鹏, 李稳宏, 朱骤海, 等. 响应面法优化金银花多糖超声提取工艺研究 [J]. 食品科学, 2009, 30(20): 151-154
[4]李尔春. 金银花多糖的分离纯化与生物活性研究 [D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学, 2009.
[5]林雄平, 陈晓清, 苏育才, 等. 金银花和苦丁茶多糖提取物抗菌活性研究 [J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2008, 37(1): 51-53.
[6] 殷洪梅, 吕新勇, 萧伟. 金银花多糖的制备工艺优化及免疫活性研究 [J]. 中国中药杂志, 2010, 35(4): 453-455.
[7] Goedert M, Spillantinim G. A century of Alzheimers' disease[J]. Science, 2006, 314 ( 5800): 777-781
[8] Hardy J, Selkoe D.J. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics [J] .Science, 2002(297):353-356.
[9] Cappai R. Barn am K. J. "Delineating the Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease Αβ Peptide Neurotoxicity." Neurochemical Research[J]. 2007, 33(3): 526-532.
[10] Francesca M, Alina S, Bengt W, Patrizia M, Miia K. Alzheimer's disease: clinical trials and drug development[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2010(9): 702-716. 发明内容
本发明利用一种简单有效的多糖提取工艺和方法, 以金银花为原料获得了一 种 α-1,4-葡聚糖, 药理实验表明, 所述 α-1,4-葡聚糖在 100 g/ml的浓度下, 在体 外可完全抑制 Αβ42的聚集,并在细胞水平上抑制 Αβ42聚集引发的细胞毒性,因此, 所述 α-1,4-葡聚糖有望开发成为一种治疗阿尔兹海默症的糖类药物。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种 α-1,4-葡聚糖, 其结构式如下:
-D-GJ cp-( I [™* 4 )- -D-G1c -( ί χ
- { [— 4)-α -D-GIc ~( I ]y ~*4-α- D-Glc ?-( 1 a- 其中, χ和 y为整数且 x + y = 14;
n为正整数;
重均分子量范围为: 约 10-100 kDa。
所述 α-1,4-葡聚糖的重均分子量优选为约 15-80 kDa, 更优选为 20-50 kDa。 本发明的另一目的是提供一种以金银花为原料制备所述 α-1,4-葡聚糖的方法。 所述方法包括以下步骤:
a. 多糖提取: 干燥的金银花经乙醇脱脂、 水提、 过滤, 将所得滤液浓缩, 再 经 15%三氯乙酸脱蛋白, 中和、 透析、 浓缩、 醇沉、 离心、 真空干燥, 得水提金 银花粗多糖;
b. 多糖纯化: 将所述水提金银花粗多糖先用 DEAE纤维素阴离子柱进行初步 分级, 水洗脱得中性多糖组分, 进而用凝胶色谱柱纯化, 得 α-1,4-葡聚糖。
优选地, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
a. 多糖提取: 干燥的金银花经 75%-95%乙醇脱脂, 干燥, 加入去离子水, 加 热条件下提取, 过滤, 残渣再次用去离子水提取, 如此反复提取 2-6 次, 滤液合 并, 加热浓缩, 浓缩液经终浓度为 15%的三氯乙酸在 4 °C下脱蛋白, 离心, 上清 液经中和, 透析, 再浓缩, 加入 3倍于浓缩液体积的 75%-95%乙醇, 离心得沉淀, 沉淀经真空干燥得水提金银花粗多糖; b. 多糖纯化: 取所述金银花粗多糖, 水溶解, 离心, 上清液通过 DEAE纤维 素阴离子柱进行分离, 以蒸馏水洗脱, 硫酸 -苯酚检测, 收取合并洗脱液, 浓缩冷 冻干燥得水洗脱组分, 进而采用 G150凝胶色谱柱分离, 纯化得 α-1,4-葡聚糖。
更优选地, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
a. 多糖提取: 干燥的金银花经 95%乙醇脱脂 7-10 天, 室温自然干燥, 干燥 后的金银花加入 20倍重量的去离子水, 100 °C下提取 2-6次, 每次 5-7 h, 滤液合 并, 加热浓缩, 浓缩液经终浓度为 15%的三氯乙酸在 0-4 °C下脱蛋白, 离心, 上 清液经中和, 透析, 再浓缩, 加入 3倍于浓缩液体积的 95%乙醇, 离心得沉淀, 沉淀经真空干燥得水提金银花粗多糖;
b. 多糖纯化: 取所述金银花粗多糖, 加入 10倍重量的水中溶解, 离心, 上清 液通过 DEAE纤维素阴离子柱进行分离, 以蒸馏水洗脱, 硫酸 -苯酚检测, 收取合 并洗脱液, 浓缩冷冻干燥得水洗脱组分, 将该水洗脱组分溶于 0-0.2 mol/L NaCl, 离心后通过 G150凝胶色谱柱分离, 纯化得 α-1,4-葡聚糖。
多糖结构鉴定:
经高效凝胶渗透色谱法 (HPGPC)测定,根据本发明的 α-1,4-葡聚糖的重均分子 量范围约为 10-100 kDa。 将其进行糖组成分析, 即将多糖完全水解、 还原、 乙酰 化、萃取、浓缩后送入气相色谱仪分析。糖组成分析结果显示,根据本发明的 α-1,4- 葡聚糖只含葡萄糖单元。 然后用碘甲烷进行反应至多糖完全甲基化, 再完全酸水 解、 还原、 乙酰化、 萃取、 浓缩后用气相色谱仪和质谱仪分析。 结合红外和核磁 共振分析 (参见图 2和 3)和甲基化结果, 确定根据本发明的 α-1,4-葡聚糖是以 α-1,4 连接的葡萄糖为主链, 并在 C6位伴有少量 α-1,4连接的葡聚糖分支结构, 平均每 16个葡萄糖残基含有 1个支链。
本发明的又一目的是提供根据本发明的 α-1,4-葡聚糖在制备治疗由 β-淀粉样 蛋白诱导的神经系统损伤的药物中的用途。 优选地, 本发明提供根据本发明的 α-1,4-葡聚糖在制备治疗阿尔兹海默症的药物中的用途。
本发明的再一目的在于提供包含本发明的 α-1,4-葡聚糖和药学上可接受的载 体的药物组合物, 其中, 所述组合物中含有重量比为 0.01%-99.95%的 α-1,4-葡聚 糖作为活性成分。 该药物组合物优选含有重量比为 0.1%-99.9%的 α-1,4-葡聚糖作为活性成分, 较佳地, 含有重量比为 0.1%-99.5%的 α-1,4-葡聚糖作为活性成分, 更优选含有重 量比为 0.5%-95%的活性成分。
该药物组合物,含有治疗有效量的本发明 α-1,4-葡聚糖,具有显著的治疗由 β- 淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经系统损伤的功效。 本发明的药物组合物可用于制备治疗由 β -淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经系统损伤的药物。较佳地, 所述由 β -淀粉样蛋白诱导的 神经系统损伤为阿尔兹海默症。
可将 α-1,4-葡聚糖与可药用赋形剂、稀释剂等药学上可接受的载体的混合物以 片剂、 胶囊、 颗粒剂、 散剂或糖浆剂的形式口服给药或以注射剂的形式非口服给 药。 上述制剂可通过常规制药方法制备。 可用的药学上可接受的载体的例子包括 赋形剂 (;例如糖类衍生物如乳糖、 蔗糖、 葡萄糖、 甘露糖醇和山梨糖醇; 淀粉衍生 物如玉米淀粉、 土豆淀粉、 糊精和羧甲基淀粉; 纤维素衍生物如结晶纤维素、 羟 丙基纤维素、 羧甲基纤维素、 羧甲基纤维素钙、 羧甲基纤维素钠; 阿拉伯胶; 右 旋糖酐; 硅酸盐衍生物如偏硅酸镁铝; 磷酸盐衍生物如磷酸钙; 碳酸盐衍生物如 碳酸钙; 硫酸盐衍生物如硫酸钙等;)、粘合剂 (例如明胶、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙二 醇;)、 崩解剂 (例如纤维素衍生物如羧甲基纤维素钠、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;)、 润滑剂 (例 如滑石、 硬脂酸钙、 硬脂酸镁、 鲸蜡、 硼酸、 苯甲酸钠、 亮氨酸)、 稳定剂 (对羟基 苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯等;)、矫味剂 (例如常用的甜味剂、酸味剂和香料等;)、 稀释剂和注射液用溶剂 (例如水、 乙醇和甘油等;)。
使用药物组合物时, 是将安全有效量的本发明 α-1,4-葡聚糖施用于哺乳动物, 其中该安全有效量通常至少约 1微克 /天, 而且在大多数情况下不超过约 10毫克 / 千克体重。 较佳地, 该剂量是约 1微克 /天-约 3毫克 /千克体重。 当然, 具体剂量 还应考虑给药途径、 病人健康状况等因素, 这些都是在熟练医师技能范围之内的。
此外, 本发明 α-1,4-葡聚糖可以单药使用, 也可以与其它药物联合使用。优选 的联合使用包括: 与外科手术联合使用, 与一种或多种西药联合使用, 与中草药 联合使用, 与放射性治疗联合使用。 本发明的药物组合物的给药途径没有特别限制, 其中包括但并不限于: 口服 给药, 注射给药, 瘤内给药, 植入给药, 腔内给药, 肛门给药, 透皮给药, 内外 敷; 优选的注射给药包括: 静脉注射, 肌肉注射, 皮下注射, 腔内注射。
本发明通过以下附图和实施例作进一步阐述, 但并不限制本发明的内容。 附图说明
图 1为实施例 1的 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2的纯度鉴定图;
图 2为实施例 1的 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2的红外光谱图 (infrared spectrogram,
IR);
图 3为实施例 1的 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2的 13C NMR谱图;
图 4为实施例 1的 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2抑制 Αβ42聚集活性测定结果; (图 4Α 为硫磺素荧光检测结果; 图 4Β为 Αβ42单独孵育 7天后原子力显微镜检测结果; 且图 4C为 LJW0F2与 Αβ42共孵育 7天后原子力显微镜检测结果)
图 5为实施例 1的 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2抑制 Αβ42聚集诱导的神经元细胞毒 性结果。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 : α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2的制备
a. 多糖提取:
干燥的金银花 (产地为山东省平邑县, 购自上海养和堂药业连锁经营有限公 司), 用 95%的乙醇脱脂一周, 然后室温自然干燥。 干燥后的金银花 1000 g用沸 水 20 L提取 5次, 每次 6 h。 硫酸 -苯酚检测至无明显反应, 过滤, 将每次的提取 液合并后加热浓缩至 3 L, 冷却后加入约 500 g三氯乙酸使其最终浓度为 15%, 在 4 °C下脱蛋白, 后经离心, 上清液经 I mol/L NaOH中和至 pH值为 7.0, 然后对流 动水透析 72 h, 透析袋内液浓缩至 2 L体积, 在搅拌下加入三倍体积的 95%乙醇, 静置过夜, 倾去上清液, 离心分离, 所得沉淀用 2倍体积的无水乙醇洗涤, 离心 分离, 沉淀置 40°C下真空干燥, 得水提金银花粗多糖 LJW 75 g。
b. 多糖纯化: 取上述制备的金银花粗多糖 LJW IO g, 100 mL水溶解, 离心除去不溶物, 上 清液通过 C1—型 DEAE-纤维素柱 (GE Lifescience公司) 进行初步分离。 以蒸馏水 洗脱, 硫酸-苯酚法绘制洗脱曲线, 根据洗脱曲线收取合并洗脱液。 洗脱液经浓缩 以及冷冻干燥后得多糖 LJW0 2.4 g。 取 LJW0 200 mg加入 2 mL 0.2 M NaCl溶解 并离心, 上清液通过 G150凝胶色谱柱 (GE Lifescience公司) 进行纯化, 流速为 0.3 mL/min, 硫酸-苯酚法绘制洗脱曲线, 根据洗脱曲线分别收取合并洗脱液, 如 此反复纯化得到多糖组分 LJW0F2 100 mg。
实验实施例 1 : 多糖结构解析:
经高效凝胶色谱法 (; HPGPC)分析表明 LJW0F2 的相对重均分子量约为 37.1 kDa,其纯度测定图见图 1。糖组成分析表明 LJW0F2为一葡聚糖。红外图谱显示, 3403 cm— 1为 O-H伸缩振动吸收峰, 2927 cm— 1为 C-H伸缩振动吸收峰, 1000-1400 cm— 1附近为 C-O和糖环振动信号, 1720 cm—1附近没有吸收峰, 表明该多糖不含有 糖醛酸(图 2)。 13C NMR谱中, 位于 δ100.98的碳信号, 为 α-葡聚糖的 C-1信号。 其他碳信号依次为 C-2(572.97), C-3(574.60), C-4(578.08), C-5(572.61)和 C6(561.70) (图 3 )。
多糖 LJW0F2 中糖残基连接方式的种类及比例可用甲基化分析。 结果表明, LJW0F2 的葡萄糖残基有三种连接方式, 分别为 1,4-、 1,4,6-以及末端连接葡萄糖 基, 其比例为 14: 1: 1。 从上述比例可以发现, LJW0F2的主链结构应为 1,4-连接的 葡聚糖结构, 并且在主链的部分 C6位带有 1,4-连接的葡聚糖分支结构。
以上结果表明 LJW0F2的结构为:
0, D-Gic/J ( 1 [一 4)- ft- D- Gicp~( I ]x
6
- {|~*4)»α 4)-Glcp ( Ϊ ] 4 «.-D - Glc/?»( I -*} n- 其中, x和 y为整数且 x + y = 14; 实验实施例 2
抑制 042聚集试验
1 ) 硫磺素荧光标记实验 将 Αβ42粉末 (Rpeptide 公司) 溶于 110 μL无水 DMSO中 (浓度为 2 mM) , 配成母液。 取 ΙμΙ^该溶液溶于 19 μL磷酸缓冲液 (50 mM 磷酸盐, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 0.02% NaN3)中, 或 1 该溶液加入 10 不同浓度的 LJW0F2多糖溶液 (0.5 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL ) 再加入 9 μL PBS缓冲液, 37 °C共孵育 30 min,加入硫磺素溶液(6.25 μΜ硫磺素溶于 50 mM甘氨酸 -NaOH, pH 8.5 ) 80 L, 37 °C共孵育, 每隔 2 h用酶标仪检测 (Novostar, BMG labtech 公司), 检测波长为 Ex=450/10 nm, Em=483/10■。
由图 4A可见, α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2在 100 g/mL的终浓度下, 能完全抑制 Αβ42的聚集。
2 ) 原子力显微镜检测实验
为进一步验证多糖 LJW0F2抑制 Αβ42聚集的结果, 采用原子力显微镜观察多 糖 LJW0F2对 Αβ42聚集形态的影响。 将 1 浓度为 2 mM的 Αβ42, 10 μL浓度为 1.0 mg/mL的 LJW0F2多糖溶液溶于 89 μ 双蒸水中, 37 °C共孵育 7天。 将 1 浓度为 2 mM的 Αβ42溶于 99 μL Millipore 水中, 或将 10 μL浓度为 1.0 mg/mL的 LJW0F2多糖溶液溶于 90 L Millipore 水中, 37 °C孵育 7 天, 作为对照。取 5 将样品溶液滴在干净的云母片上并小心吹干, 在原子力显微镜下 (Nanoscope Ilia, Veeco Instrucments 公司) 的轻敲模式下进行测试。
由图 4B可观察到, Αβ42在单独孵育 7天后,出现大量寡聚体,而与多糖 LJW0F2 共孵育 7天后 (图 4C), 未发现明显的聚集。 该结果与硫磺素荧光检测结果相吻 合, 证明多糖具有抑制 Αβ42聚集的活性。
实验实施例 3 :
α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2抑制 Αβ42聚集导致的神经元细胞毒性实验
1 ) 细胞培养
人神经母细胞瘤细胞 SH-SY5Y (购自中国科学院细胞库) 用体积比 1: 1 的 MEM和 Ham's F12 培养基(含 10%胎牛血清)于 5% CO2培养箱 37 °C培养, 2-3 天换液 1次。 细胞贴壁长满后, 用 0.25%胰蛋白酶 (Invitrogen公司) 消化后, 以 35000个细胞 /孔接种到 96孔细胞培养板, 每孔体积 100 37 °C培养 16 h, 使 细胞贴壁。 不同浓度的 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2溶液 (0, 1000, 100, 10 g/mL ) 同 Αβ42 (200 μΜ)或者等体积的 DMSO, 37 °C水浴孵育 4天后,吸去培养过夜细胞上清, 加入用培养基稀释的上述孵育 4天的溶液, 每孔 100 L, 使 Αβ42终浓度为 2 μΜ, α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2终浓度为 (0, 10 g/mL, 1 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL)。 37 °C继续 培养 48 h, CCK-8测定细胞存活率。
2 ) 细胞计数试剂盒 (Cell Counting Kit-8, CCK-8)测定
每孔加 CCK-8溶液 10 继续孵育 4 h, 选择 450 nm波长, 在酶联免疫监 测仪上 (; Novostar, BMG labtech 公司;)测定各孔光吸收值,记录结果,计算细胞存活 率。
如图 5所示, 1 ) Αβ42单独孵育 4天, 加入 SH-SY5Y细胞后, 该细胞存活率 较正常组下降 10%左右, 说明 Αβ42寡聚体对 SH-SY5Y细胞产生了细胞毒性。 2) 当 Αβ42与不同浓度 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2共孵育 4天, 加入 SH-SY5Y细胞后, 该 细胞的存活率恢复到正常水平, 说明 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2可抑制 Αβ42聚集诱导 的神经细胞毒性。 而 α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2单独加入 SH-SY5Y细胞, 对该细胞的 成活无明显影响。这些结果表明, α-1,4-葡聚糖 LJW0F2能够通过抑制 Αβ42的寡聚 化进而保护其对神经元细胞 SH-SY5Y的损伤。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种 α-1,4-葡聚糖, 其结构式如下:
α-D-GIc j-f 1— - 4)-ft Gk >-( I x
β 其中, x和 y为整数且 x + y = 14;
n为正整数;
所述 α-1,4-葡聚糖的重均分子量范围为: 10-100 kDa。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的 α-1,4-葡聚糖, 其重均分子量范围为 15至 80 kDa。
3、 一种以金银花为原料制备根据权利要求 1所述的 α-1,4-葡聚糖的方法, 所 述方法包括以下步骤:
a. 多糖提取: 干燥的金银花经乙醇脱脂、 水提、 过滤, 将所得滤液浓缩, 再 经 15%三氯乙酸脱蛋白, 中和、 透析、 浓缩、 醇沉、 离心、 真空干燥, 得水提金 银花粗多糖;
b. 多糖纯化: 将所述水提金银花粗多糖先用 DEAE纤维素阴离子柱进行初步 分级, 水洗脱得中性多糖组分, 进而用凝胶色谱柱纯化, 得 α-1,4-葡聚糖。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
a. 多糖提取: 干燥的金银花经 75%-95%乙醇脱脂, 干燥, 加入去离子水, 加 热条件下提取, 过滤, 残渣再次用去离子水提取, 如此反复提取 2-6 次, 滤液合 并, 加热浓缩, 浓缩液经终浓度为 15%的三氯乙酸在 4 °C下脱蛋白, 离心, 上清 液经中和, 透析, 再浓缩, 加入 3倍于浓缩液体积的 75%-95%乙醇, 离心得沉淀, 沉淀经真空干燥得水提金银花粗多糖;
b. 多糖纯化: 取金银花粗多糖, 水溶解, 离心, 上清液通过 DEAE纤维素阴 离子柱进行分离, 以蒸馏水洗脱, 硫酸 -苯酚检测, 收取合并洗脱液, 浓缩冷冻干 燥得水洗脱组分, 进而采用 G150凝胶色谱柱分离, 纯化得 α-1,4-葡聚糖。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
a. 多糖提取: 干燥的金银花经 95%乙醇脱脂 7-10 天, 室温自然干燥, 干燥 后的金银花加入 20倍重量的去离子水, 100 °C下提取 2-6次, 每次 5-7 h, 滤液合 并, 加热浓缩, 浓缩液经终浓度为 15%的三氯乙酸在 0-4 °C下脱蛋白, 离心, 上 清液经中和, 透析, 再浓缩, 加入 3倍于浓缩液体积的 95%乙醇, 离心得沉淀, 沉淀经真空干燥得水提金银花粗多糖;
b. 多糖纯化: 取金银花粗多糖, 加入 10倍重量的水中溶解, 离心, 上清液通 过 DEAE纤维素阴离子柱进行分离, 以蒸馏水洗脱, 硫酸 -苯酚检测, 收取合并洗 脱液, 浓缩冷冻干燥得水洗脱组分, 将水洗脱组分溶于 0-0.2 mol/L NaCl 溶液, 离心后通过 G150凝胶色谱柱分离, 纯化得 α-1,4-葡聚糖。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的 α-1,4-葡聚糖在制备治疗由 β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的神 经系统损伤的药物中的用途。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的用途, 其中, 所述由 β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经系统 损伤为阿尔兹海默症。
8、 一种药物组合物, 其特征在于, 包含权利要求 1所述的 α-1,4-葡聚糖以及 药学上可接受的载体。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的药物组合物的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备治疗由 β- 淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经系统损伤的药物。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的用途, 其中, 所述由 β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经系 统损伤为阿尔兹海默症。
PCT/CN2014/077978 2013-05-21 2014-05-21 一种α-1,4-葡聚糖及其制备方法和用途 WO2014187316A1 (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1262697A (zh) * 1997-07-09 2000-08-09 阿温提斯研究技术两合公司 基于1,4-α-D-聚葡聚糖的热塑性混合物及其制备方法和用途
CN1535317A (zh) * 2001-05-28 2004-10-06 江崎格力高株式会社 葡聚糖的生产方法和制备方法
CN1733808A (zh) * 2005-09-08 2006-02-15 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院 从金银花中提取金银花多糖的方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1262697A (zh) * 1997-07-09 2000-08-09 阿温提斯研究技术两合公司 基于1,4-α-D-聚葡聚糖的热塑性混合物及其制备方法和用途
CN1535317A (zh) * 2001-05-28 2004-10-06 江崎格力高株式会社 葡聚糖的生产方法和制备方法
CN1733808A (zh) * 2005-09-08 2006-02-15 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院 从金银花中提取金银花多糖的方法

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