WO2014187163A1 - 一种特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法 - Google Patents

一种特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014187163A1
WO2014187163A1 PCT/CN2014/071088 CN2014071088W WO2014187163A1 WO 2014187163 A1 WO2014187163 A1 WO 2014187163A1 CN 2014071088 W CN2014071088 W CN 2014071088W WO 2014187163 A1 WO2014187163 A1 WO 2014187163A1
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Prior art keywords
filling
mining
layer
coal
metal mesh
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PCT/CN2014/071088
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张吉雄
周楠
张强
郭继伟
沈晓明
巨峰
姜海强
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中国矿业大学
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to US14/891,288 priority Critical patent/US9494037B2/en
Priority to AU2014271115A priority patent/AU2014271115B2/en
Publication of WO2014187163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187163A1/zh
Priority to ZA2015/07615A priority patent/ZA201507615B/en

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/04Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
    • E21D23/0481Supports specially adapted for use in combination with the placing of filling-up materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inclined thick layered solid filling coal mining method for extra-thick coal seams, and is particularly suitable for mining of "three-down" extra-thick coal seams.
  • the "three down" extra-thick coal seam (8 ⁇ 20m) resources are widely distributed in China, and it is an important coal seam for high-yield and high-efficiency mining in China's coal mines.
  • the first category includes: stratified mining, top coal mining, and limited thickness mining.
  • the management of the roof has the following problems: The roof naturally collapses and causes the surface to collapse, destroying the surface buildings, railways, etc., and also causing the groundwater level to settle and destroy the ecological environment;
  • the second category is: strip mining, large-area coordinated mining, grouting
  • Such as mining and mining although this kind of mining method has a certain control effect on the surface subsidence, it can ensure the safe use of ground buildings and railways, but its mechanization degree is relatively low, the recovery rate is low, the production cost is high, and the production efficiency Poor, small or partially in the research stage. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to study a coal mining method that can effectively control the movement of rock formations to ensure the safe use of ground buildings and railways, and efficiently recover the resources of “three down” extra-thick coal seams (8 ⁇ 20m).
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a coal mining method for "three down" extra-thick coal seam inclined layered solid filling.
  • the extra-thick coal seam inclined layered solid-filled coal mining method of the present invention comprises the following steps: a. According to the thickness of the "three-down" extra-thick coal seam, the overburden structure and the protection level of the surface building, according to 2.5 ⁇ 4.5m The thickness is stratified, the number of layers of the inclined layer of the extra-thick coal seam is determined, and the mining sequence of the stratified mining is used;
  • the roadway and the installation equipment shall be arranged to mine the first mining face of the first layer; c the first filling coal mining cycle shall be carried out according to the routine, and the coal cutting and pushing scraper conveyor shall be carried out in turn.
  • the hydraulic support for the coal mining is filled, and the artificial false roof is constructed at the bottom of the goaf.
  • a metal mesh is laid along the bottom of the goaf. The edge of the metal mesh is 5 cm away from the base of the hydraulic support for filling the coal, and then laid on the metal mesh. The edge of the bamboo raft is lagging behind the edge of the metal mesh by 5cm.
  • the metal mesh and bamboo raft are laid in the direction parallel to the coal mining face until the bottom of the entire goaf is covered. After the metal mesh and bamboo raft are laid, The solid material is filled in the goaf, and compacted by the tamping machine to complete the cycle within the first step; the second filling coal mining cycle is continued, under the cover of the hydraulic support of the coal mining, in the goaf Metal mesh and bamboo rafts are laid at the bottom, and the wire mesh is connected with the first metal mesh and bamboo rafts which are filled in the coal mining cycle, and then the filling operation of the goaf is carried out. Complete the second cycle of the pitches; Repeat the cycle operation until the mining to the protective coal pillar, complete the filling mining of the first mining face; d.
  • step ⁇ d to perform the stratified filling mining under the cover of the artificial layer created by the previous layer, until the filling of all the layers of the ultra-thick coal seam is completed.
  • the coal mining method of the "three-down" extra-thick coal seam inclined layered solid filling of the invention has the following advantages: filling the goaf with solid materials such as vermiculite, and laying metal mesh and bamboo raft under the solid material, manufacturing
  • the artificial false roof provides cover for the lower layer of filling mining.
  • it solves the problem of surface subsidence, ensures the safe use of the ground buildings, and on the other hand improves the recovery rate of coal, prolongs the service life of the mine, and liberates
  • the "three down" extra-thick coal seam resources will increase the mine resource recovery rate.
  • the invention overcomes two major problems existing in the prior art.
  • the roof is naturally collapsed, causing surface subsidence, destroying surface buildings, railways, etc.; second, relatively low degree of mechanization, low recovery rate, high production cost, and production Poor efficiency, etc.
  • the invention adopts solid materials such as ground vermiculite as filling materials for filling, reduces pollution to the surface environment and land occupation, can effectively control rock movement and surface subsidence, and has the advantages of simple method, high production efficiency and low cost. It has a wide range of practicalities in the field.
  • Figure 1 is a top plan view of the first layer of the first mining working face of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view showing the state in which the metal mesh is laid in the goaf during the first cycle of the first layer of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the state of filling the solid material in the goaf during the first cycle of the first layer of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the coal mining state in the second cycle of the first layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the metal mesh state of the goaf in the second cycle of the first layer of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the state of filling the solid material in the goaf during the second cycle of the first layer of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a side view of the first layer of the present invention to the state of protecting the coal pillar;
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the second layer mining state of the present invention.
  • the special thick coal seam inclined layered solid filling coal mining method of the invention has the following specific steps:
  • the roadway and equipment are arranged to form a filling coal mining system, that is, a vertical feeding well is placed at a suitable position on the ground, and the solid filling material conveying through the bottom of the vertical feeding well is connected with the main transportation roadway.
  • Roadway; conveyor belt conveyor 4 is arranged in the transporting roadway 2; coal conveyor belt conveyor 7 is arranged in the coal transportation roadway 5; self-moving reloading conveyor is arranged at the end of the coal mining working surface 9 3, crusher 8, coal transfer conveyor 6; at the coal mining face 9 is arranged to fill the coal mining hydraulic support 11, scraper conveyor 10, shearer 1; at the filling work surface 19 to arrange the bottom unloading conveyor 12 , tamping machine 16;
  • the first mining face of the first layer 21 is mined, and in the first cycle, the coal cutting, the squeegee conveyor 10, and the process of filling the coal mining hydraulic support 11 are sequentially performed according to the normal coal mining, and then the mining process is followed.
  • the artificial false top 23 is constructed at the bottom of the empty space 18, that is, the metal mesh 14 is first laid along the bottom of the hollowed out area 18, and the edge of the metal mesh 14 is 5 cm away from the base 15, so as to prevent the filled solid material 13 from completely covering the metal mesh 14, secondly, A bamboo raft 24 is laid on the metal mesh 14, and the edge of the bamboo raft 24 is delayed by 5 cm from the edge of the metal mesh 14, facilitating the connection of the metal mesh 14, and the metal mesh 14 and the bamboo raft 24 are laid in a direction parallel to the coal mining face 9.
  • the metal mesh 14 and the bamboo raft 24 are laid, then the solid material 13 is filled into the goaf area 18, and compacted by the tamping machine 16 to form a dense filling body, completing the first
  • the coal is the same as the first cycle, and then under the cover of the hydraulic support for filling the coal, the metal mesh 14 is laid at the bottom of the goaf 18, ⁇ 24, and respectively use the wire and the first cycle of the metal mesh 14 and the bamboo raft 24 to be integrated, and then carry out the same filling operation procedure to complete the cycle within the second step; thus repeating the cycle operation until mining To protect the coal pillar 17 and complete the filling and mining of the first mining face.
  • the working face moves to the next working face of the stratification, and according to the filling and mining method of the first mining face, the other working faces are continuously filled and filled until all the filling of the first stratification 21 is completed; meanwhile, in the first stratification After the first mining face is filled and finished, at the interval of 4 months, under the cover of the corresponding second layer 22, under the cover of the metal mesh 14 and the artificial false roof 23 of the bamboo raft 24, the same filling coal is used.
  • Method filling the second layer 22 of the mining, so cycled, continuously performing the layered filling mining under the cover of the artificial layer created by the previous layer, until the overburden layer 20 is mined The entire extra thick coal seam between the bottom plate 25.

Abstract

一种特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法,适用于"三下"特厚煤层的开采。本方法按照分层厚度2.5〜4.5m的原则确定倾斜分层层数,采用分层分采下行充填开采顺序;按常规固体充填采煤方法布置巷道及设备;实行采煤、铺设金属网(14)和竹笆(24)、充填的循环顺序,完成首采面及第一分层(21)的充填开采;同时,在本分层工作面采完4个月后,在第二分层(22)对应位置,在第一分层(21)形成的人工假顶掩护下,按相同充填采煤方法开采,如此循环,不断在上一分层制造的人工假顶掩护下进行本分层开采,直至采完整个特厚煤层。采用此方法开采"三下"特厚煤层资源,可以有效控制岩层移动及地表沉陷,该方法回采率高,生产效率高,成本低。

Description

一种特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法, 尤其适用于 "三下"特厚煤 层的开采。
背景技术
"三下"特厚煤层 (8~20m)资源在我国分布广泛, 而且是我国煤矿实现高产高效开 采的重要煤层。 目前国内关于 "三下 "特厚煤层 (8~20m)的开采方式主要有两大类, 第一 类有: 分层开采、 放顶煤开采、 限厚开采, 这类方法采用自然垮落法管理顶板, 存在以 下问题: 顶板自然垮落造成地表塌陷, 破坏了地表建筑物、 铁路等, 同时还引起地下水 位沉降破坏生态环境; 第二类有: 条带开采、 大面积协调开采、 注浆减沉开采等, 这类 开采方法虽然对地表下沉起到一定的控制作用, 能保证地面建筑物、 铁路的安全使用, 但其机械化程度相对较低、 回采率底、 生产成本高、 生产效率差、 规模小或部分处于研 究阶段。 因此, 研究一种既能有效控制岩层移动保证地面建筑物、 铁路等安全使用, 又 能高效地回收 "三下"特厚煤层 (8~20m)资源的采煤方法迫在眉睫。
发明内容
技术问题: 本发明的目的是提供一种 "三下"特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填的采煤方 法。
技术方案: 本发明的特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法, 包括如下步骤: a. 根据"三下"特厚煤层厚度,覆岩结构及地表建筑物保护等级要求,按照 2.5~4.5m 厚度进行分层, 确定特厚煤层倾斜分层的层数, 采用分层分采下行充填开采顺序;
b. 按照已有固体充填采煤方法布置巷道及安装设备, 开采第一分层的首采工作面; c 按常规进行第一个充填采煤循环, 依次进行割煤、 推移刮板输送机、 推移充填采 煤液压支架, 在采空区的底部处施工人工假顶, 首先沿采空区的底部铺设金属网, 金属 网边缘距充填采煤液压支架的底座为 5cm, 然后在金属网上面铺设竹笆, 竹笆的边缘滞 后金属网的边缘为 5cm, 金属网、 竹笆沿平行于采煤工作面的方向进行铺设, 直至铺满 整个采空区底部, 金属网、 竹笆铺设完毕后, 再对采空区进行固体物料充填, 并用夯实 机进行夯实, 完成第一个步距内的循环; 继续第二个充填采煤循环, 在充填采煤液压支 架的掩护下, 在采空区的底部处铺设金属网、 竹笆, 并分别用铁丝与第一个充填采煤循 环铺设的金属网、 竹笆连成一体, 随后进行采空区的充填作业, 完成第二个步距的循环; 如此重复循环作业, 直至开采至保护煤柱处, 完成首采工作面的充填开采; d. 工作面搬家至第一分层的下一个工作面, 重复步骤 c, 依次进行第一分层所有工 作面的充填开采, 同时, 在第一分层首采工作面充填完成间隔 4个月后, 在其相对应的 第二分层位置, 在金属网、 竹笆和人工假顶的掩护下, 按第一分层同样的充填开采方法, 进行第二分层的充填开采, 直至完成本分层所有工作面的充填开采;
e. 重复步骤^ d, 依次在上一分层制造的人工假顶掩护下进行本分层充填开采, 直 至完成整个特厚煤层所有分层的充填开采。
有益效果: 本发明的 "三下"特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填的采煤方法, 具有以下优 势: 采用矸石等固体物料充填采空区, 并在固体物料下面铺设金属网、 竹笆, 制造人工 假顶, 为下分层的充填开采提供掩护, 一方面, 解决了地表下沉问题, 保证了地面建筑 物的安全使用, 另一方面提高了煤炭的回采率, 延长了矿井服务年限, 解放了 "三下" 特厚煤层资源, 提高矿井资源采出率。 本发明克服了现有技术中存在的两大问题, 一是 顶板自然垮落造成地表塌陷, 破坏了地表建筑物、 铁路等; 二是机械化程度相对较低、 回采率底、 生产成本高、 生产效率差等。 本发明采用地面矸石等固体物料作为充填物料 用于充填, 减少了对地表环境的污染及土地的侵占, 能有效控制岩层移动及地表沉陷, 其方法简单, 生产效率高, 成本低, 在本技术领域内具有广泛的实用性。
附图说明
图 1 本发明第一分层首采工作面布置俯视图;
图 2本发明第一分层第一个循环时采空区铺设金属网状态侧视图;
图 3 本发明第一分层第一个循环时采空区充填固体物料状态侧视图;
图 4本发明第一分层第二个循环时采煤状态侧视图;
图 5 本发明第一分层第二个循环时采空区铺设金属网状态侧视图;
图 6 本发明第一分层第二个循环时采空区充填固体物料状态侧视图;
图 7 本发明第一分层开采至保护煤柱状态侧视图;
图 8 本发明第二分层开采状态侧视图。
图中: 1-采煤机, 2-运料平巷, 3-自移式转载输送机, 4-运料带式输送机, 5-运煤平 巷, 6-运煤转载输送机, 7-运煤带式输送机, 8-破碎机, 9-采煤工作面, 10-刮板输送机, 11-充填采煤液压支架, 12-底卸式输送机, 13-固体物料, 14-金属网, 15-底座, 16-夯实 机, 17-保护煤柱, 18-采空区, 19-充填工作面, 20 -上覆岩层, 21-第一分层, 22-第二分 层, 23-人工假顶, 24-竹笆, 25-底板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述:
本发明的特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法, 具体步骤如下:
a. 根据"三下"特厚煤层厚度,覆岩结构及地表建筑物保护等级要求,按照 2.5~4.5m 厚度进行分层, 确定特厚煤层倾斜分层层数, 采用分层分采下行充填开采顺序;
b. 按照已有固体固体充填采煤方法布置巷道及设备, 形成充填采煤系统, 即在地面 适宜位置打一个垂直投料井, 在垂直投料井底部开掘与主要运输巷道相贯通的固体充填 物料运送巷道;在运料平巷 2内布置运料带式输送机 4;在运煤平巷 5内布置运煤带式输 送机 7; 在采煤工作面 9的端头布置自移式转载输送机 3, 破碎机 8, 运煤转载输送机 6; 在采煤工作面 9布置充填采煤液压支架 11, 刮板输送机 10, 采煤机 1 ; 在充填工作面 19 布置底卸式输送机 12, 夯实机 16;
c 首先开采第一分层 21的首采工作面,在第一个循环内,按正常采煤依次进行割煤、 推移刮板输送机 10、 推移充填采煤液压支架 11的流程, 随后在采空区 18的底部处施工 人工假顶 23, 即首先沿采空区 18的底部铺设金属网 14, 金属网 14的边缘距底座 15为 5cm, 以免充填固体物料 13全部覆盖金属网 14, 其次, 在金属网 14上面铺设竹笆 24, 竹笆 24的边缘滞后金属网 14的边缘为 5cm, 便于金属网 14的连接, 金属网 14、 竹笆 24沿平行于采煤工作面 9的方向进行铺设, 直至铺满整个采空区 18底部, 金属网 14, 竹笆 24铺设完毕后, 再对采空区 18进行固体物料 13充填, 并用夯实机 16进行夯实, 以形成致密充填体, 完成第一个步距内的循环; 在第二个循环内, 采煤同第一个循环, 紧接着在充填采煤液压支架 11的掩护下,在采空区 18的底部处铺设金属网 14,竹笆 24, 并分别用铁丝与第一个循环铺设的金属网 14,竹笆 24连成一体, 随后进行同样的充填作 业程序, 完成第二个步距内的循环; 如此重复循环作业, 直至开采至保护煤柱 17处, 完 成首采工作面的充填开采。
d. 工作面搬家至本分层下一个工作面, 按照首采工作面的充填开采方法, 不断充填 开采其它工作面, 直至完成第一分层 21的所有充填开采; 同时, 在第一分层 21首采工 作面充填采完之后, 间隔 4个月时间, 在其相对应的第二分层 22位置, 在金属网 14、竹 笆 24的人工假顶 23掩护下, 按同样的充填采煤方法, 充填开采第二分层 22, 如此循环, 不断的在上一分层制造的人工假顶掩护下进行本分层充填开采, 直至开采完上覆岩层 20 与底板 25之间的整个特厚煤层。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种特厚煤层倾斜分层固体充填采煤方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤: a. 根据 "三下" 特厚煤层厚度, 覆岩结构及地表建筑物保护等级要求, 按照 2.5~4.5m 厚度进行分层, 确定特厚煤层倾斜分层的层数, 采用分层分采下行充填开采顺 序;
b. 按照已有固体充填采煤方法布置巷道及安装设备, 开采第一分层 (21) 的首采工 作面;
c 按常规进行第一个充填采煤循环, 依次进行割煤、 推移刮板输送机 (10)、 推移充 填采煤液压支架 (11), 在采空区 (18) 的底板处施工人工假顶 (23), 首先沿采空区 (18) 的底部铺设金属网 (14), 金属网 (14) 边缘距充填采煤液压支架 (11)的底座 (15) 为 5cm, 然后在金属网 (14) 上面铺设竹笆 (24), 竹笆 (24) 的边缘滞后金属网 (14) 的边缘为 5cm, 金属网 (14)、 竹笆 (24) 沿平行于采煤工作面 (9) 的方向进行铺 设, 直至铺满整个采空区 (18) 底部, 金属网 (14)、 竹笆 (24) 铺设完毕后, 再对采空 区 (18) 进行固体物料 (13) 充填, 并用夯实机 (16) 进行夯实, 完成第一个步距内的 循环; 继续第二个充填采煤循环, 在充填采煤液压支架 (11) 的掩护下, 在采空区 (18) 的底部处铺设金属网 (14)、 竹笆 (24), 并分别用铁丝与第一个充填采煤循环铺设的金 属网 (14)、 竹笆 (24) 连成一体, 随后进行采空区 (18) 的充填作业, 完成第二个步距 的循环; 如此重复循环作业, 直至开采至保护煤柱处, 完成首采工作面的充填开采; d. 工作面搬家至第一分层 (21) 的下一个工作面, 重复步骤 c, 依次进行第一分层 (21) 所有工作面的充填开采, 同时, 在第一分层 (21) 首采工作面充填完成间隔 4 个 月后, 在其相对应的第二分层 (22) 位置, 在金属网 (14)、 竹笆 (24) 和人工假顶 (23) 的掩护下, 按第一分层 (21) 同样的充填开采方法, 进行第二分层 (22) 的充填 开采, 直至完成本分层所有工作面的充填开采;
e. 重复步骤 c、 d, 依次在上一分层制造的人工假顶掩护下进行本分层充填开采, 直 至完成整个特厚煤层所有分层的充填开采。
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