WO2014175154A1 - 血流画像診断装置及び診断方法 - Google Patents
血流画像診断装置及び診断方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014175154A1 WO2014175154A1 PCT/JP2014/060909 JP2014060909W WO2014175154A1 WO 2014175154 A1 WO2014175154 A1 WO 2014175154A1 JP 2014060909 W JP2014060909 W JP 2014060909W WO 2014175154 A1 WO2014175154 A1 WO 2014175154A1
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Definitions
- the concentration of the pigment deposited on the biological tissue relates to a blood flow image diagnostic apparatus and a diagnostic method that suppress an influence on a measured value.
- the present inventors have developed a so-called speckle image of a random spot pattern formed as a result of irradiating a living tissue having blood cells such as the fundus or skin with laser light and interference of reflected light from the blood cells.
- the image is guided onto an image sensor such as a solid-state imaging device (CCD or CMOS), and a large number of speckle images are continuously captured and stored at predetermined time intervals, and a predetermined number of images are selected from the stored images.
- CCD or CMOS solid-state imaging device
- a blood flow velocity measuring apparatus has been invented that selects, calculates a value reflecting the temporal fluctuation speed of output in each pixel of each image, and calculates a blood cell velocity (blood flow velocity) from this value.
- the blood flow distribution in the living tissue is calculated based on the calculated output fluctuation value of each pixel.
- a color image can be displayed on the monitor screen as a three-dimensional image (blood flow map).
- the blood flow map actually observed is composed of a series of blood flow maps (hereinafter sometimes referred to as original maps) calculated at about 30 frames per second, and can be displayed as a moving image.
- original maps blood flow maps
- the present inventors analyzed changes in blood flow that appear periodically in synchronization with the heartbeat at each site in the observation field with respect to a series of blood flow maps obtained by blood flow measurement for several seconds. Introducing a numerical value that can distinguish between a region having a sharp rising waveform and a region having a venous, slowly rising and falling waveform, that is, skewness, and introducing an arterial pulsation portion and a venous beat on the blood flow map A blood flow velocity imaging device capable of displaying a moving part has also been proposed (see Patent Document 7).
- the present inventors added a new blood flow image diagnosis function to the conventional apparatus, and the blood flow in the superficial blood vessel in the observation region of the living tissue is obtained from a plurality of blood flow map data of one heartbeat or more in the calculation unit.
- adding a function to distinguish and display each blood flow on the blood flow map on the display section define various variables that characterize the blood flow waveform of each separated part They have also proposed a method to compare these and use them for clinical diagnosis.
- a device to which such a function is added will be referred to as a blood flow image diagnostic device.
- the blood flow velocity distribution is visualized using the reciprocal of the contrast of the speckle image formed on the image sensor by the interference of the laser light scattered by the retina.
- the contrast is lowered due to the fogging of the scattered light in the eyeball
- the blood flow value is displayed higher.
- the white race has a lower pigment concentration than the colored race, so the interference decreases with repeated multiple scattering, the contrast of the speckle image, which is an interference pattern, decreases, and the blood flow value increases. Is displayed. If there is no significant difference in the size of the eyeball by race, the blood flow circulating in the eyeball is considered to have no significant difference between races, so whites have blood flow values higher than those of other colored races. Measurement results that are high are unacceptable and require some correction.
- the intraocular blood flow that ophthalmologists attach importance to diagnosis is mainly the blood flow of arteriovenous blood vessels on the retina, tissue blood flow of the nipple, and choroidal blood flow.
- An arteriovenous blood vessel runs on the surface layer of the retina, and a photoreceptor layer, a pigment epithelium layer, and a choroidal blood vessel layer are sequentially laminated toward the outermost shell sclera.
- the pigment epithelium is not usually present in the optic nerve fiber layer other than the blood vessels of the nipple.
- the degree to which the pigment epithelium affects laser scattering in colored races varies depending on the region, and the measured value between white and colored races has a complicated result that the proportionality factor varies depending on the region.
- the proportionality factor varies depending on the region.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the conventional fundus blood flow and skin blood flow diagnostic imaging apparatus solves the problem that blood flow measurement values are displayed differently depending on the pigment concentration of the measurement target, and which race
- the purpose is to provide a means for displaying and comparing uniform numerical values even when measured.
- a blood flow diagnostic imaging apparatus includes a laser beam irradiation system that irradiates a laser beam to an observation region of a biological tissue having blood cells, and a light receiving unit that includes a plurality of pixels that detect reflected light from the observation region of the biological tissue.
- An image capturing unit that continuously captures a plurality of images based on a signal from the light receiving unit, an image storage unit that stores the plurality of images, and a temporal output signal of each pixel corresponding to the stored plurality of images It is comprised from the calculating part which calculates the blood flow velocity in a biological tissue from a change, and the display part which displays the two-dimensional distribution of this calculation result as a blood flow map.
- the calculation unit includes a dye concentration correction unit for adding correction corresponding to the dye concentration in the observation region to the blood flow map obtained by the calculation.
- the dye concentration correction unit creates a laser reflectivity calculation unit that detects the dye concentration in the observation region as a laser reflectivity, and a correction coefficient that corrects the blood flow map based on the laser reflectivity from the laser reflectivity calculation unit.
- a correction coefficient creating unit is provided.
- the calculation unit calculates the amount of deviation of this blood flow map, corrects the amount of movement, and performs tracking processing to perform overlay processing
- a blood flow map creation unit that adds correction according to the dye concentration in the observation region based on the correction coefficient output from the dye concentration correction unit to the blood flow map that has been subjected to tracking processing
- a laser reflectance calculation unit The laser reflection is based on the laser reflection intensity obtained from the laser reflection intensity map obtained by superimposing the speckle images that form the basis of the blood flow map and the intensity signal of the laser light emitted from the laser light irradiation system. Find the rate.
- a correction unit is provided for a newly measured blood flow map, which includes a storage unit that preliminarily obtains a relationship between laser reflectance and blood flow value in the observation region for a plurality of healthy persons and stores the relationship. Based on the laser reflectance, a correction coefficient is created from the relationship between the laser reflectance stored in the storage unit and the blood flow value. The laser reflectance is calculated for each observation region, and a separate correction coefficient is created for each observation region.
- the blood flow of the living tissue is, for example, fundus blood flow or skin blood flow. Correction according to the pigment concentration of the skin tissue is performed as a first-stage correction for a specific part that is known to be a relatively stable value, and the pigment concentration and stratum corneum scattering characteristics are different. A second-stage correction is performed by multiplying the correction coefficient for each part by the first-stage correction.
- the blood flow image diagnosis method of the present invention includes a laser beam irradiation system that irradiates a laser beam to an observation region of a biological tissue having blood cells, and a plurality of pixels that detect reflected light from the observation region of the biological tissue.
- a light receiving unit is provided, and a plurality of images are continuously captured based on a signal from the light receiving unit, the plurality of images are stored, and a living body is detected from a temporal change in an output signal of each corresponding pixel of the stored plurality of images.
- the blood flow velocity in the tissue is calculated, and a blood flow map of the two-dimensional distribution is created.
- the relationship between the laser reflectance and the blood flow value in the observation region is obtained in advance for a plurality of healthy subjects.
- the relationship is stored, and in a new measurement, the correction coefficient is created from the newly acquired laser reflectance and the relationship between the stored laser reflectance and blood flow value.
- a blood flow map corrected based on the correction coefficient is displayed.
- the blood flow readings of white and colored races are greatly different, but according to the present invention, the influence of the pigment concentration deposited on the measurement target is suppressed, and the blood between races is reduced. Stream values can be compared uniformly as almost the same numerical value.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic whole block diagram of the blood-flow image diagnostic apparatus comprised based on this invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the calculating part characterized by this invention.
- the flowchart which shows operation
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a combined blood flow map obtained by acquiring 120 frames of the fundus blood flow map as shown in FIG. 3 and correcting and superimposing a shift of the fundus blood flow map due to fixation movement or the like.
- FIG. 5 is a synthetic blood flow map similar to FIG.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic overall configuration diagram of a blood flow diagnostic imaging apparatus configured according to the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a configuration diagram of a calculation unit characterized by the present invention.
- the laser light irradiation system irradiates a biological tissue having blood cells such as fundus blood flow or skin blood flow (for example, the fundus of the eye to be examined) with a laser beam through a half mirror.
- the light receiving unit includes a CCD (solid-state imaging device) having a large number of pixels on the light receiving surface, a light receiving lens that forms an image of the laser reflected light on the CCD, and an amplifier circuit that amplifies the output of the CCD.
- the CCD driven based on the timing pulse converts the biological tissue image formed by the light receiving lens into an electrical signal based on the timing pulse, reads out the signal charge by the frame accumulation method, amplifies it as a video signal, and outputs it.
- the image capturing unit performs a predetermined time interval (for example, 1/30) of one heartbeat or more based on a digital signal obtained by further A / D-converting an output obtained by performing analog processing such as gain control on the output video signal and a timing pulse.
- a plurality of images are captured continuously at (second intervals).
- the image storage unit stores the captured image data.
- the calculation unit calculates the blood flow velocity in the living tissue from the temporal change of the output signal of each corresponding pixel of the stored plurality of images.
- the present invention is characterized in that a correction according to the dye concentration in the observation region is added to the blood flow map obtained by calculation in the calculation unit. For this correction, as will be described in detail later, laser light is used. Use intensity signal.
- the display unit displays numerical information characterizing the blood flow map and the blood flow waveform on the two-dimensional distribution of the calculation result.
- the configuration of the blood flow diagnostic imaging apparatus described above is the same as the conventional configuration disclosed in Patent Document 7 and the like except for the configuration of the calculation unit.
- the structure of the arithmetic unit, which is a feature of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG.
- the present invention is characterized by including a dye concentration correction unit for adding correction according to the dye concentration in the observation region to the blood flow map obtained by the calculation.
- the image storage unit stores a fundus blood flow map (original map) obtained at 30 frames per second.
- the image quality is good.
- the blood flow map creation unit adds correction to the tracking blood flow map according to the pigment concentration in the observation region based on the correction coefficient output from the pigment concentration correction unit.
- the corrected blood flow map is displayed.
- the dye concentration is detected as laser reflectivity (reflection intensity / incident intensity).
- the laser reflectance calculation unit obtains the laser reflectance of the observation region based on the irradiated laser light intensity signal and the signal intensity reflected from each part of the observation region and detected by the light receiving unit.
- the detection signal intensity is obtained from a laser reflection intensity map obtained by superimposing speckle images on which a blood flow map is synthesized.
- the relationship between the laser reflectivity and the blood flow value in the observation region is obtained for a number of healthy subjects in advance, and the relationship is stored in the apparatus (storage unit).
- the correction coefficient creation unit is a newly measured blood flow map. On the basis of the laser reflectance acquired with respect to, a blood flow value correction coefficient is created from the relationship between the laser reflectance stored in the storage unit and the blood flow value.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an operation of blood flow image diagnosis when applied to fundus blood flow measurement.
- step S1 shown in FIG. 2 laser output is set and laser irradiation is performed.
- step S2 fundus blood flow measurement is performed using the blood flow image diagnostic apparatus.
- This pattern is generally called Laser Speckle. This speckle image is acquired.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a display example of a fundus blood flow map (original map) obtained at 30 frames per second, and shows an example of a yellow race.
- This fundus blood flow map is stored in the image storage unit illustrated in FIG.
- the blood flow map is usually displayed as a moving image of 30 frames per second, but has a high granularity and cannot be said to have good image quality.
- the blood flow map is analyzed to calculate the shift amount of the map, and the tracking process for correcting and moving the movement amount is performed. If the test surface moves during image capture, the blood flow map will also shift accordingly, but the calculation unit has a function to calculate the shift amount of the map, correct the movement amount, and perform tracking processing Yes.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a composite blood flow map obtained by superimposing 120 frames of the blood flow map as shown in FIG. 3 and correcting the deviation of the blood flow map due to fixation movement or the like. An example is shown. Normally, it is displayed in color code, but here it is displayed in gray scale, and the whiter, the higher the blood flow.
- FIG. 5 is a synthetic blood flow map similar to that of FIG. 4, but shows a measurement example obtained from a white race. 4 and 5 correspond to “conventional blood flow map drawing” described in FIG. Comparing FIG. 5 with FIG. 4, it can be seen that the numerical values are displayed very high. If there is no big difference in eyeball size even if the race is different, the blood flow circulating in the eyeball is considered to be no big difference between races. Is inconvenient, and some correction is necessary. This correction is performed in steps S4 to S8 as follows. A specific procedure for correction will be described by taking the fundus of a white person and a colored race as an example.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a laser reflection intensity map obtained by superimposing speckle images, which is a basis for synthesizing the synthetic blood flow map of FIG. 4, showing an example of a yellow race, and FIG. An example of a white race is shown.
- a laser reflection intensity map is obtained as shown in FIG. It is done.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a yellow race, and it can be seen that the reflection intensity is strong at the nipple surrounded by a circle, and is weak otherwise.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a yellow race, and it can be seen that the reflection intensity is strong at the nipple surrounded by a circle, and is weak otherwise.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a yellow race, and it can be seen that the reflection intensity is strong at the nipple surrounded by a circle, and is weak otherwise.
- the incident intensity used for calculating the laser reflectance (reflection intensity / incident intensity) (the following step S7) can be obtained as a laser light intensity signal irradiated from the laser light irradiation system, while the laser reflection intensity is Although it can be obtained as the signal intensity reflected from each part of the observation region and detected by the light receiving unit, for example, it can be obtained from a laser reflection intensity map as illustrated.
- the laser power output from the blood flow diagnostic imaging apparatus is adjusted by setting the laser output value from the measurement software (step S1). Whites have strong internal scattering, and the light returning from the fundus to the light receiving part is too strong, so the laser output is reduced, whereas colored people, on the contrary, the light returning to the light receiving part is dark, so the laser output is It will be set stronger.
- the laser reflectance can be determined from the average value of the total output power of the laser irradiated into the eyeball and the laser reflection intensity map of the target region.
- step S5 the measurement site is recognized.
- the region of interest of the fundus blood flow is roughly divided into three parts: the choroid, retinal blood vessels, and papillary tissue.
- ophthalmologists pay attention mainly to blood flow of blood vessels running on the retina, tissue blood flow of the optic nerve head, and blood flow of the choroid, respectively, such as arteriosclerosis and diabetes It is thought to be closely related to vascular stenosis, glaucoma, macular degeneration, etc. that occur due to the disease.
- these blood flows have different positional relationships with the pigment epithelium, the degree of influence of the pigment concentration is also different. That is, since the retinal blood vessel is on the surface layer rather than the pigment epithelium layer, when the pigment is dark, the backscattered light from the deep portion decreases and the reflection intensity of the blood vessel portion also decreases.
- step S6 the measurement site is classified. Since the dye concentration is different at each measurement site and the influence thereof is different, a separate correction coefficient must be prepared for each site.
- step S7 the laser reflectance of each segmented part is calculated.
- a blood flow value is obtained from a synthetic blood flow map after tracking processing and a laser reflectance is obtained from a laser reflection intensity map for a large number of healthy persons from white to black, and accumulated.
- step S8 for the newly measured blood flow map, a correction coefficient is assigned to the blood flow map according to the laser reflectance of each part.
- the laser reflection average intensity and the average blood flow value are calculated for each part, this calculation is repeated for all accumulated data of healthy subjects, a scatter diagram is plotted, and a regression line is obtained.
- FIG. 10 is an example of a scatter diagram and a regression line of mean blood flow value MBR versus laser reflection intensity at two sites of choroid CHR and papillary tissue ONH-T obtained in this way. Although the slope of this regression line varies depending on the part, it functions as a correction coefficient for the increase / decrease in the laser reflectance at each part.
- the right end of the graph is white race data, and as it goes to the left, the color race data is darker in color.
- the relationship between the mean blood flow value MBR and the laser reflectance indicated by such a regression line is stored in the image storage unit.
- step S9 the corrected blood flow map is drawn.
- the correction coefficients of the respective parts are different.
- FIG. 11 shows the result of performing such correction processing on the blood flow map of the yellow race in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that the numerical values are the same as those of the blood flow map of the white race in FIG. 5. Therefore, even in a country in which many races are mixed, for example, if the tissue blood flow of the optic nerve head falls below a certain cut-off value, it is possible to set a criterion that anyone increases the risk of glaucoma.
- correction similar to fundus blood flow is also necessary for skin blood flow.
- black melanin pigment is dark and easily absorbed by near-infrared laser light, and the measured value of subcutaneous blood flow is displayed lower than that of the yellow race. It is unlikely that the blood flow that flows through the subcutaneous capillary layer formed to nourish the skin tissue varies from race to race, and it is necessary to adopt a correction method that is expressed by a uniform numerical value even if the race changes.
- the palm of the hand is lighter than the back of the hand and the difference in measured values is much smaller than that of the back. Therefore, it can be seen that the correction coefficient differs between the back of the hand and the palm of the hand, and it is necessary to apply correction for each region in the same manner as the fundus.
- a method of measuring and correcting the pigment concentration of the skin tissue to be measured using a skin color measuring instrument, etc. can be considered, but this examines the reflection characteristics (or absorption characteristics) for visible light. However, it does not indicate the characteristics with respect to the laser wavelength used for measurement. Therefore, as in the case of the fundus, a method of directly extracting information on the reflection characteristic (or absorption characteristic) of the dye to be measured with respect to the wavelength from the laser scattered signal used for blood flow measurement becomes effective.
- Information on the pigment concentration is contained in the laser reflection intensity map shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 at the fundus.
- the value on this map divided by the laser incident intensity projected onto the fundus is reflected by the pigment. Indicates the rate and is inversely proportional to absorption.
- the first-stage correction can be added.
- the effect of absorption by the dye differs depending on the position of the blood vessel or blood vessel layer to be detected and the layer of the dye, so the positional relation is classified into several parts, and those in the same positional relation are regarded as the same part.
- a second-stage correction is necessary, in which each is identified and multiplied by a different correction factor.
- a second-stage correction is applied by multiplying the first-stage correction by a correction coefficient for each region having a different pigment density such as the palm and back and the scattering characteristics of the stratum corneum.
- a correction coefficient for each region having a different pigment density such as the palm and back and the scattering characteristics of the stratum corneum.
- MBR (Mean Blur Rate) used by the inventor for calculating blood flow values
- the blood flow map of the blood vessel layer under the retina called the retinal blood vessels and the choroid is displayed around the nipple.
- the former is displayed with thin and clear lines, but the latter is behind, so information diffuses and the blood vessel image is considerably blurred.
- the choroidal blood flow value of the white race is displayed about twice as high as that of the colored race.
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Abstract
Description
MBR = (スペックルのコントラスト)-2 = (平均光強度 / 変動成分の標準偏差)2
で定義される。白色人種に比べて有色人種の方が網膜血管のMBR値が低く表示される理由は以下のように説明できる。有色人種の血管部の血流成分によるスペックルの時間変化は白色人種と変わらないが、背景組織に含まれる色素成分によって後方散乱光が低下し、上式の分子にある平均光強度が白人より低下する。その結果血流値(MBR値)が低めに表示される。
Claims (8)
- 血球を有する生体組織の観察領域にレーザー光を照射するレーザー光照射系と、前記生体組織の観察領域からの反射光を検出する複数の画素からなる受光部と、前記受光部からの信号に基づき連続的に複数の画像を取り込む画像取込部と、前記複数の画像を記憶する画像記憶部と、該記憶された複数画像の対応する各画素の出力信号の時間的変化から生体組織内の血流速度を演算する演算部と、該演算結果の二次元分布を血流マップとして表示する表示部からなる血流画像診断装置において、
前記演算部における演算により得られた血流マップに観察領域の色素濃度に応じた補正を加えるための色素濃度補正部を備えたことを特徴とする血流画像診断装置。 - 前記色素濃度補正部は、観察領域の色素濃度をレーザー反射率として検出するレーザー反射率演算部と、該レーザー反射率演算部からのレーザー反射率に基づいて、血流マップを補正する補正係数を作成する補正係数作成部を備えた請求項1に記載の血流画像診断装置。
- 前記演算部は、血流マップのずれ量を計算し、移動量を補正して重ねるトラッキング処理を行う血流解析部と、トラッキング処理された血流マップに対して、色素濃度補正部から出力された補正係数に基づき観察領域の色素濃度に応じた補正を加える血流マップ作成部を備え、前記レーザー反射率演算部は、血流マップを合成する基になるスペックル画像を重ね合わせて得られるレーザー反射強度マップから求めたレーザー反射強度及びレーザー光照射系から照射されるレーザー光の強度信号を基に、レーザー反射率を求める請求項2に記載の血流画像診断装置。
- 観察領域におけるレーザー反射率と血流値の関係を複数の健常者に対して予め求めてその関係を記憶する記憶部を備え、前記補正係数作成部は、新たに測定された血流マップに関して取得したレーザー反射率に基づいて、前記記憶部に記憶しているレーザー反射率と血流値の関係から前記補正係数を作成する請求項3に記載の血流画像診断装置。
- 前記レーザー反射率は観察領域毎に算出され、かつ各観察領域に対して別々の補正係数を作成する請求項4に記載の血流画像診断装置。
- 前記生体組織の血流は、眼底血流、或いは皮膚血流である請求項1に記載の血流画像診断装置。
- 前記観察領域は皮膚組織であり、この皮膚組織の色素濃度に応じた前記補正は、比較的安定な数値になることが解っている特定の部位を対象として一段目の補正として行い、かつ、色素の濃さ及び角質層の散乱特性の異なる部位別の補正係数を前記一段目の補正に掛ける二段目の補正を行う請求項1に記載の血流画像診断装置。
- 血球を有する生体組織の観察領域にレーザー光を照射するレーザー光照射系と、前記生体組織の観察領域からの反射光を検出する複数の画素からなる受光部を備えて、血流画像診断を行う方法において、
前記受光部からの信号に基づき連続的に複数の画像を取り込み、この複数の画像を記憶し、
該記憶された複数画像の対応する各画素の出力信号の時間的変化から生体組織内の血流速度を演算して、その二次元分布の血流マップを作成し、
この血流マップに、観察領域の色素濃度に応じた補正を加えるための補正係数を作成するために、観察領域におけるレーザー反射率と血流値の関係を複数の健常者に対して予め求めてその関係を記憶しておき、
新たな測定においては、新たに取得したレーザー反射率と、記憶しているレーザー反射率と血流値の関係から前記補正係数を作成し、
前記補正係数に基づき補正された血流マップを表示する血流画像診断方法。
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