WO2014169724A1 - Wind friction nanogenerator - Google Patents
Wind friction nanogenerator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014169724A1 WO2014169724A1 PCT/CN2014/071476 CN2014071476W WO2014169724A1 WO 2014169724 A1 WO2014169724 A1 WO 2014169724A1 CN 2014071476 W CN2014071476 W CN 2014071476W WO 2014169724 A1 WO2014169724 A1 WO 2014169724A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction layer
- friction
- generator
- component
- conductive element
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind power generator, and more particularly to a nanogenerator that uses wind driven contact friction to generate electricity.
- wind power generation is the most important and important way to utilize wind energy.
- the current wind power generation converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy through the rotation of the wind-driven windmill, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy through the generator.
- a gearbox that increases the speed of the windmill to the rated speed of the generator must be added, and a speed governing mechanism keeps the speed stable. It can be seen that the structure of the entire wind turbine is very complicated and requires many large components, which cannot meet the power supply requirements of the microelectronic devices.
- the present invention provides a wind nanogenerator based on contact friction power generation, which utilizes the kinetic energy of the wind and the variability of the kinetic energy to drive the two friction layers to contact and separate, thereby generating an electrical signal. Output to the outside.
- the present invention provides a wind friction nanogenerator comprising a first component and a second component capable of elastically bending deformation:
- the first component includes a first conductive element, and a first friction layer directly attached to an upper surface of the first conductive element;
- the second component includes a second friction layer, and a second conductive element directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer;
- the first member and the second member are at least one end relatively fixed, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer face each other;
- At least a portion of the upper surface of the first friction layer forms a contact-separation cycle with the lower surface of the second friction layer under the action of the wind, and outputs electricity to the external circuit through the first conductive element and the second conductive element Signal
- one end of the second component is fixed on the first component and the other end is a free end; preferably, both ends of the second component are fixed on the first component to form a curved surface of the second friction layer. And forming a gap between at least a portion of the upper surface of the first friction layer and a lower surface of the second friction layer;
- baffle being spaced face to face with the second component, such that the second component is located between the baffle and the first component;
- the baffle is parallel to the first component
- the baffle has a three-dimensional structure or an auxiliary component on a surface facing the second component;
- the second component is elastic, and the Young's modulus is between 10 MPa and 10 MPa;
- the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer is an insulating material or a semiconductor material; preferably, the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, Polydiphenylpropionate carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, fiber Acetate, polyethylene adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regeneration Fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, styrene butadiene copolymer, rayon, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate Glycol ester, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, neoprene, but
- the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpyrene carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylene a siloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and parylene;
- the Group III and Group V compounds are selected from the group consisting of gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide; and the Group II and Group VI compounds are selected from the group consisting of Cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide;
- the oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of manganese, chromium, iron or copper; and the solid solution composed of the group III-V compound and the group II-VI compound is selected from the group consisting of gallium aluminum arsenide and gallium arsenide phosphorus;
- the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer are non-conductive oxides, semiconductor oxides or complex oxides, including silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, oxidation. Copper, zinc oxide, Bi0 2 or Y 2 0 3 .
- the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are distributed with microstructures on the order of micrometers or submicrometers;
- the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres;
- the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are decorated or coated with a nano material
- the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically modified such that a functional group that easily loses electrons is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or is negative in polarity Introducing a functional group that readily acquires electrons on the surface of the material;
- the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically Modification such that a positive charge is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or a negative charge is introduced on the surface of the negative polarity material;
- the first friction layer is a conductive material and is combined with the first conductive element, or the second friction layer is a conductive material and is preferably combined with the second conductive element.
- the conductive material constituting the first friction layer or the second friction layer is selected from the group consisting of a metal and a conductive oxide;
- the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals;
- the first conductive element and/or preferably, the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and An alloy formed of the above metal;
- the first component is composed of the electrically conductive first friction layer
- the two second components are respectively located at the first Upper and lower sides of the friction layer
- the second of the two of the second components has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as the first friction layer.
- the present invention also provides a generator set consisting of two of the foregoing types of generators, wherein the two generators are placed opposite each other such that the two second components face each other with a certain interval;
- the two generators are the same;
- the first components of the two generators are parallel to each other;
- an angle is formed between the first components of the two generators.
- the two generators have the same direction.
- the present invention also provides a layered generator set, which is composed of two or more aforementioned gensets vertically stacked, and a connecting member is disposed between the first members of two adjacent gensets to connect the two;
- the connecting member is made of an insulating material;
- all of the first components of the generator set are parallel;
- the directions of the generators in all of the generator sets are the same;
- all of the generators in the generator set are identical;
- all of the two first friction layers in contact with each other in all adjacent generator sets are electrically conductive materials, and the two are combined into one to become a common first friction layer;
- the common first friction layer has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as its second friction layer on both sides.
- the wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention has the following advantages:
- the new structural design makes wind power micro power generation a reality.
- the generator of the invention skillfully utilizes the bending deformation of the elastic material and the influence of the deformation on the gas flow, and successfully achieves the purpose of driving the friction nano-generator normally by the non-periodically changing power source for the first time, thereby preparing the It can be used in miniature wind turbines in various fields.
- the wind power generator of the invention does not need components such as a windmill, a gearbox, a speed governor, a generator, etc., has a simple structure, a small volume, is convenient to manufacture, has low cost, can be installed on various microelectronic devices, and does not require a special working environment. Therefore, it has high compatibility.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a typical wind-driven nano-generator of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view of the appearance, (b) is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure, and (c) and (d) are schematic views of the structure under the action of wind;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the power generation principle of the wind friction nano-generator of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the wind friction nano-generator of the present invention, wherein (a) is a first friction layer and a first conductive member In the case of two, (b) is the case where the second friction layer and the second conductive element are combined into one, (c) the case where the two generators share one conductive first friction layer;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a wind-blown nano-generator with a baffle according to the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the generator shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a wind friction nano-generator set of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the generator set shown in FIG. 6 under the action of wind;
- Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention, wherein (a) is the case where all the generator directions are the same, (b) is the case where the directions of the generators are different; Fig. 9 is a layer of the present invention; Another typical structural schematic diagram of a wind-driven friction nanogenerator set;
- Figure 10 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention.
- Figure 11 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention.
- Figure 12 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a single-end fixing of a first component of a wind friction nano-generator according to the present invention
- Figure 14 is a wind speed of 5 m / s provided by the wind friction nano-generator in the hair dryer of the present invention
- the invention provides a simple structure of a friction nano-generator that converts wind energy into electrical energy, and can provide a matching power source for the microelectronic device.
- the friction nanogenerator of the present invention utilizes the phenomenon of surface charge transfer when a material having a difference in polarity in the friction electrode sequence contacts, converting mechanical energy generated by wind into electrical energy.
- the “friction electrode sequence” as used in the present invention refers to the order in which the material is attracted according to the degree of attraction of the material.
- the polarity of the negative charge on the contact surface from the friction electrode sequence is compared.
- the positive material surface is transferred to the surface of the material that is more polar in the friction electrode sequence.
- the friction electrode sequence is only an empirically based statistical result, that is, the further the difference between the two materials in the sequence, the greater the positive and negative charge generated after the contact and the probability of the sequence being coincident, and The actual results are affected by various factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity and whether there is relative friction.
- the "contact charge” described in the present invention refers to the contact between materials having different polarities of the two friction electrode sequences. The charge on the surface after rubbing and separation is generally considered to be distributed only on the surface of the material, with a maximum depth of about 10 nm. It should be noted that the sign of the contact charge is the sign of the net charge, that is, the surface of the surface of the material with positive contact charge.
- the "direction of the generator” in the present invention refers to a direction parallel to the plane of the first friction layer of the generator and perpendicular to the length of the side of the second conductive member that is fixed.
- the first member and the second member capable of elastically bending deformation are sequentially included from bottom to top, wherein the first member includes a first conductive member 11 and a first friction layer 10 placed in contact with the upper surface of the first conductive member 11,
- the two components include a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10, and a second conductive member 21 placed in fixed contact with the upper surface of the second friction layer 20; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed by both ends An upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member, thereby forming an arcuate gap between the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 (see FIGS.
- the second member composed of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 on the upper surface thereof should have a property of elastic bending deformation as a whole; when the wind blows through the nanogenerator, the second The component is bent and deformed under the action of the wind force, causing the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 to partially contact the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 to form a contact friction surface, and the wind direction is different. The location of the deformation is different, resulting in different areas and positions of the contact friction surface.
- Figures 1-c and 1-d illustrate two typical bending deformation modes; when the wind weakens or the wind direction changes, the second friction occurs.
- the two friction layers are respectively formed of a material having a friction electrode order difference, so that surface charge transfer occurs at the moment of contact to form a surface contact charge (see step B in Fig. 2).
- the surface of the second friction layer 20 generates a positive charge
- the surface of the first friction layer 10 generates a negative charge
- the electric quantity of the two charges The same, so there is no potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21, and thus no charge flows.
- the intensity and/or direction of the airflow interacting with the second friction layer 20 changes to cause chattering of the second friction layer, under the elasticity of the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive member 21, the first The friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 begin to separate, at which time the first component composed of the first conductive element 11 and the first friction layer 10 has a net negative charge, and the second conductive element 21 and the second friction layer 20 The second component is constructed to have a net positive charge, thus creating a potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21.
- the generator of the present invention can work is the directionality of the wind itself, the variability of the size and the interaction between the elastic material and the wind, so that the effective pressure acting on the second friction layer 20 Changes may occur, enabling continuous contact and separation between the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 to form a pulsed electrical signal for outward output.
- the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 are respectively composed of materials having different triboelectric characteristics, and the different triboelectric characteristics mean that the two are in different positions in the friction electrode sequence, thereby causing friction between the two.
- the process can generate contact charges on the surface.
- Conventional high molecular polymers have triboelectric properties, and can be used as materials for preparing the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 of the present invention.
- polytetrafluoroethylene poly Dimethyl siloxane
- polyimide polydiphenyl propylene carbonate
- polyethylene terephthalate aniline formaldehyde resin
- polyoxymethylene polyoxymethylene
- ethyl cellulose polyamide
- melamine formaldehyde poly Ethylene glycol succinate
- cellulose cellulose acetate
- polyethylene adipate diallyl polyphthalate
- recycled fiber sponge polyurethane elastomer
- styrene propylene copolymer Styrene butadiene copolymer
- rayon polymethacrylate
- polyvinyl alcohol polyester
- polyisobutylene polyurethane flexible sponge
- semiconductors and metals have triboelectric properties that tend to lose electrons relative to the insulator, and often differ greatly from polymer materials in the list of friction electrode sequences. Therefore, the semiconductor and the metal can also be used as a raw material for preparing the first friction layer 10 or the second friction layer 20.
- Commonly used semiconductors include silicon, germanium; Group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.; Group II and Group VI compounds such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.; and III-V compounds and A solid solution composed of a compound of ⁇ - ⁇ , such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide phosphorus, or the like.
- Non-conductive oxides, semiconducting oxides, and complex oxides also have triboelectric properties and are capable of forming surface charges during the rubbing process, and thus can also be used as the friction layer of the present invention, such as oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, and copper.
- oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, and copper also includes silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, ⁇ 2 2 and ⁇ 2 0 3 ; commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium And an alloy formed of the above metal.
- the friction layer material that easily loses electrons, such as indium tin oxide, doped semiconductors, and conductive organics.
- the conductive organic substance is generally a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.
- FIG. 3-a is a combination of the first friction layer 10 and the first conductive member 11 made of a conductive material, the specific structure including the first member and the first portion capable of elastic bending deformation a second component, wherein the first component comprises a conductive first friction layer 10, and the second component comprises a second friction layer 20 placed opposite the first friction layer 10 and a first place in contact with the upper surface of the second friction layer 20 a second conductive member 21; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, so that the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 An arched void is formed between them.
- FIG. 3-b is a layer of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21, specifically including a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein the first component includes the first conductive component 11 and One The upper surface of the conductive member 11 is attached to the first friction layer 10 placed thereon, and the second member includes a conductive second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed by both ends An upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member forms an arcuate gap between the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10.
- Figure 3-c shows the case where the two generators share a conductive first friction layer 10, in order to prevent the contact charges generated on the two surfaces of the shared first friction layer 10 from neutralizing each other due to electrical differences. It should be ensured that the shared first friction layer 10 has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as the second friction layer 20 on both sides thereof, that is, if the first friction layer 10 is compared to the second friction layer 20 on the upper side thereof. With a more correct friction electrode sequence, the second friction layer 20 with respect to its lower side also has a more correct friction electrode sequence. When the condition is satisfied, the second friction layers on the upper and lower sides may be the same or different.
- the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 can be prepared according to actual needs, and a suitable material can be selected to obtain a better output effect.
- the material having the negative polarity friction electrode sequence is preferably polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpropionate carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylene Siloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene and parylene, including parylene C, parylene, parylene D, parylene HT or parylene AF4; with positive polarity
- the friction electrode sequence material is preferably aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabric, silk and its fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose , cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styren
- the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 may also be physically modified to have a micro- or sub-micron array of microstructures distributed on the surface thereof to increase the first friction layer 10 and the first
- the contact area between the two friction layers 20 increases the amount of contact charge.
- Specific modification methods include photolithography, chemical etching, and ion etching. Nano material The way the material is embellished or coated to achieve this.
- One method is to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the positive polarity material for the materials of the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 that are in contact with each other, or have a negative polarity.
- the introduction of more electron-donating functional groups (strong electron-withdrawing groups) on the surface of the material can further increase the amount of transfer of charges as they slide against each other, thereby increasing the triboelectric charge density and the output power of the generator.
- Strong electron donating groups include: amino group, hydroxyl group, decyloxy group, etc.; strong electron withdrawing group includes: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like.
- the introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as surface modification of a plasma. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be used to generate a plasma at a certain power to introduce an amino group on the surface of the friction layer material.
- Another method is to introduce a positive charge on the surface of the friction layer material having a positive polarity and a negative charge on the surface of the friction layer material having a negative polarity.
- it can be achieved by chemical bonding.
- ethyl orthosilicate in English abbreviated as TEOS
- sol-gel hydrolysis-condensation
- the second friction layer 20 be flexible, more preferably elastic, preferably a Young's modulus of the material.
- the amount is between lOMPa and lOGPa.
- the second friction layer 20 is preferably a film or a thin layer, and specifically may be 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably 100 nm to 2 mm, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m, and these thicknesses are All technical solutions in the invention are applicable. If the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21 There is no elasticity, and it is also conceivable to attach a layer of a material capable of elastic bending deformation, such as a rubber sheet, to the upper surface of the second conductive member 21, and the additional material imparts elasticity to the second member.
- a material capable of elastic bending deformation such as a rubber sheet
- the maximum height d of the arched gap formed between the second friction layer 20 and the first friction layer 10 depends mainly on the magnitude of the wind force in use and the overall elasticity of the second component, as long as the wind applied to the generator can make the first
- the two members undergo a sufficient degree of elastic deformation so that the second friction layer 20 can be partially in contact with the first friction layer 10.
- the experimental results show that the d value is increased in the case where the contact area is the same, and the output performance of the generator can be improved.
- the d value is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 0.2 mm and 3 mm. Therefore, increasing the flexibility of the second component is undoubtedly an important way to optimize the performance of the generator.
- FIG. 1 shows that both ends of the second friction layer 20 are fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the first friction layer 10
- the fixing position is not particularly limited, in order to improve
- the fixedness of the second friction layer 20 may be sandwiched between the first friction layer 10 and the first conductive element 11 or sandwiched between the first conductive element and other support members, if any Additional support parts.
- the fixed method can be used directly with bonded or externally clamped parts.
- additional components such as a support layer are also included in the first member and/or the second member, they can also be fixed by these additional members.
- the first friction layer 10 may be a hard material or a flexible material, because the planar retention does not have to rely solely on its own characteristics, but can also be achieved by means of the first conductive element 11 or the installation environment in actual application.
- the thickness thereof has no significant effect on the practice of the present invention.
- the first friction layer 10 is a film or a thin layer having a thickness of from 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 2 mm.
- the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 serve as two electrodes of the generator, and may be selected from metals, conductive oxides or conductive organic substances as long as they have characteristics capable of conducting electricity.
- metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals;
- conductive oxides include indium tin oxide ITO and ion doped semiconductors;
- the organic substance is generally a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.
- the thickness of the first conductive member 11 is not particularly limited, and an optional range is lOnm-lcm. Preferably, it is from 50 nm to 2 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 1 mm; and the second conductive member 21 is preferably a thin layer or a film to have a better flexural elasticity, preferably having a thickness of from 10 nm to 1 mm, more preferably from 500 nm to 500 ⁇ m.
- the conductive element is in close contact with the surface of the corresponding friction layer to ensure the efficiency of charge transfer.
- the conductive material is deposited on the surface of the corresponding friction layer by deposition; the specific deposition method may be electron beam evaporation. , solution plating, plasma sputtering, magnetron sputtering or evaporation.
- the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 may be connected to the external circuit in such a manner as to be connected to the external circuit through a wire or a metal film.
- a support layer may be provided in contact with the lower surface of the first conductive element and/or the upper surface of the second conductive element, preferably an insulating material or a semiconductor material, such as a plastic plate, a silicon wafer or a silicon thin film. Layers, etc.
- the generator consists of a nanogenerator and a baffle 30 as shown in Fig. 1.
- the specific structure comprises a first component, a second component capable of elastically deforming and a baffle 30, wherein the first component comprises a first conductive An element 11 and a first friction layer 10 placed in contact with an upper surface of the first conductive element 11, the second member including a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10, and a second friction layer 20
- the second conductive member 21 is placed in contact with the surface; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, so that the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the first surface An arched void is formed between the upper surfaces of the friction layer 10; the baffle 30 is spaced face to face with the curved second member such that the second member is positioned between the baffle 30 and the first member, and An air flow passage is formed between the second member and the baffle 30
- the second component When there is airflow through the airflow passage, the second component is curved and has elastic deformability, which causes the passing airflow to form a reverse pressure drop in the airway, thereby affecting the aerodynamic force (see Figure 5-a). ), this effect, in turn, acts on the elastic deformation of the second component to change it (see Figure 5-b), which constitutes a so-called aeroelastic phenomenon in which structural deformation interacts with aerodynamic forces, making the second The friction layer 20 undergoes a periodic deformation that is not noticeable, that is, flutter, which is very similar to the phenomenon in which the flag flutters in the wind.
- the second friction layer 20 completes a partial contact-separation process with the first friction layer 10 (eg, point A from contact to separation, point B from separation to contact), thereby An electrical signal is generated between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 and delivered to the external circuit.
- the basic factors for the formation of flutter are the coupling of aerodynamic forces, elastic forces and inertial forces, where the elastic and inertial forces are determined by the nature of the material itself, when the frequency of the flutter is related to the second component, especially When the natural frequencies of the two friction layers 20 and/or the second conductive element 21 are the same, resonance is formed such that the flutter amplitude of the second component is maximized and the electrical signal generated by the nanogenerator is also strongest.
- the various definitions of the first friction layer 10, the first conductive element 11, the second friction layer 20, and the second conductive element 21 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 are suitable for the generator set shown in FIG. No longer.
- the spacing D! between the baffle 30 and the second conductive element 21 in the generator is mainly determined by the modulus of elasticity of the second component and the thickness of the second component, and the selectable range is l (m-lcm, It is preferably 100 ⁇ -2 ⁇ , preferably 500 ⁇ -1 ⁇ .
- the purpose of the baffle 30 is simply to provide a barrier to gas flow, and various materials such as insulating materials, semiconductors, and conductors can be used.
- the thickness is not limited, and may be a thick plate, a thin plate or a thin layer, preferably a hard material, or an elastic material having a certain strength as a whole.
- the choice of the three-dimensional structure and the auxiliary components can be designed according to the principles of gas dynamics, such as the provision of a plurality of projections or channels.
- FIG. 6 is a typical structure of a wind nanogenerator set of the present invention.
- the generator set is composed of two nano-generators as shown in FIG. 1, and the specific structure is: composed of two generator units, wherein the generator unit includes a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein The first component includes a first conductive element 11 , a first friction layer 10 directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element, and a second component including a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10 , a second conductive member 21 directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer 20; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, thereby making the second friction layer An arcuate gap is formed between the lower surface of the first friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10; the two generator units are oppositely disposed such that the two second conductive elements 21 face each other with a certain interval, and the interval is an air flow
- the second member of the two generator units vibrates when the airflow passes, thereby realizing the second friction layer. 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10 in a partial contact-separation process (see Fig. 7), so that an electrical signal is generated between the two first conductive elements 11 and the second conductive element 21 and is delivered to the external circuit.
- the frequency of the dither is the same as the natural frequency of the second component, particularly the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive element 21 itself, resonance is formed such that the flutter amplitude of the second component is maximized
- Nano-generators also produce the strongest electrical signals.
- the two nanogenerator units that make up the generator set can be identical or different.
- the use of different generators is especially useful in situations where the gas flow rate changes, as the gas flow rate affects the dither frequency of the second component and can be designed to create a natural frequency of the second component of the generator and a high gas flow rate.
- the dither frequency is the same or close, while the other generator has a second component having a natural frequency that is the same or similar to the dither frequency formed at the low gas flow rate. This enables the electrical signal of the generator to achieve a more optimized state at different gas flow rates.
- the spacing D 2 between the two generator units in the generator set is mainly determined by the modulus of elasticity of the second component of the two generator units and the thickness of the second component, and the range of options is 10 ⁇ -5 ⁇ , preferably ⁇ -lmm, preferably 500 ⁇ -5 ⁇ .
- Figure 8 is another exemplary embodiment of the generator set of the present invention, which is formed by vertically stacking three generator sets shown in Figure 6 and incorporating an insulating member 40 between each of the two generator sets shown in Figure 6
- the adjacent two first conductive elements 11 form an insulating connection.
- the insulating member 40 can be made of various conventional insulating materials, preferably having a certain hardness or elasticity, so that it can be isolated. It may be in the form of a plate or a film, and may have a strip shape or a column shape (see Fig. 8-b), and may also have the same shape as the first conductive member 11 (see Fig. 8-a), size and number of those skilled in the art. It can be selected according to the specific situation as long as the conditions capable of isolating adjacent conductive elements are satisfied.
- FIG. 8-a shows the case where all three generator sets are vertically parallel and merged in one row
- FIG. 8-b shows It is also that the three generator sets are stacked in parallel in parallel, but the direction of the middle generator set is perpendicular to the other two generator sets.
- This method is more suitable for airflow from different directions.
- the generator of the present invention has the same power generation efficiency when the direction of the airflow is the same as the direction of the generator. Therefore, according to the direction of the airflow, the superposed generators can be placed in different directions, so that when the direction of the airflow changes, the partial generator can still be driven with maximum efficiency, so that the generator set can ensure current output.
- Figure 8-b only shows the vertical direction of different generators, in fact, the direction of each generator can be formed at any angle according to needs, which does not have any technical difficulties in the actual operation. Therefore, these variations are within the scope of protection of the present application.
- each generator shown in Figure 8 Although the size and material composition of each generator shown in Figure 8 are the same, because each generator actually works independently, each generator can be made of different materials and sizes to meet the output of different loads. Claim. Moreover, the number of generators constituting the generator set is also freely adjustable, and may be singular or odd. It is not necessary to limit the two ends of the genset to be the end point of the first conductive element 11, or may be curved. The two conductive elements 21 are the end points.
- Figure 9 is another exemplary embodiment of the generator set of the present invention, the main structure is the same as the embodiment shown in Figure 8-a, except that the first friction layers 10 of the opposite two generator units are not placed parallel to each other, It is formed at a certain angle, and the insulating connection is still achieved by the insulating member 40 between the adjacent two generator units.
- the advantage of this design is that it can increase the utilization of airflow in different directions. In order to form an effective air flow passage, the angle formed between the two first friction layers 10 placed face to face should be an acute angle.
- the superposition direction of each generator can also be different according to different needs, similar to the structure of Figure 8-b. It can be seen that various descriptions of the power generating unit shown in FIG. 8 are applicable to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and details are not described herein again.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are two other typical embodiments of the generator set of the present invention, similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively, except that the first friction layer 10 of each generator is a conductive material, The arrangement of the first conductive elements 11 is omitted, and an insulating connection is also formed between the adjacent two first conductive elements 11 by the insulating member 40.
- the various definitions of Figs. 8 and 9 are applicable to the embodiments shown in Figs. 10 and 11.
- Figure 12 shows a more simple genset consisting of a plurality of generators as shown in Figure 3-a, in particular: by two generators spaced apart by a second conductive element 21 Placed to form a genset unit, multiple such genset units longitudinally
- the first friction layers made of electrically conductive material are superimposed and combined into one, that is, two adjacent genset units share one first friction layer 102.
- the common first friction layer 102 and the second friction layer 202 on both sides thereof should be secured.
- first friction layer 203 has the same friction electrode sequence tendency, that is, if the first friction layer 102 has a more positive friction electrode sequence than the upper second friction layer 202, then the second friction layer relative to the lower side thereof 203 also has a more correct friction electrode sequence.
- second friction layers There are two types of second friction layers in Fig. 12, which are the second friction layer 201 on the generators at both ends, and the second friction layers 202 and 203 in the generator sharing the first friction layer 102;
- the first friction layer is a first friction layer 101 on the generators at both ends and a first friction layer 102 shared by the two generators, respectively. Wherein, the first friction layers 101 and 102 have no correlation with the selection of materials, and the two may be the same or different.
- the first friction layer 101 at both ends may also use a non-conductive material, but the first friction layer is shared. 102 must be a conductive material.
- the materials of the second friction layers 202 and 203 are the same.
- Figure 13 is another exemplary embodiment of the wind power generator of the present invention, which is basically the same as the structure shown in Figure 1, except that the second component of the generator shown in Figure 1 is fixed at both ends to the first component.
- the second component in this embodiment has only one end fixed to the first component, and the other end is a free end, specifically: comprising a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein the first component includes the first component a conductive element 11 and a first friction layer 10 directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element 11; the second member includes a second friction layer 20, and directly adheres to the upper surface of the second friction layer a second conductive member 21; one end of the second member is relatively fixed to the first member, and the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 face each other; at least a portion of the upper surface and the second portion of the first friction layer 10 under the action of the wind
- the lower surface of the friction layer 20 forms a contact-separation cycle and outputs an electrical signal to the outer circuit through the
- the second member of the present embodiment has a bendable elastic property as a whole, and when one end is fixed and the other end is free to move, it can interact with the wind force acting on the surface thereof to generate a chattering phenomenon, resulting in a second friction layer. 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10 (Fig. 13-b) and separated (Fig. 13-a). It is apparent that the definition of the material and structure of the components of the first component and the second component in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is equally applicable to the generator of the present embodiment, and when the first friction layer
- the generator of the present embodiment can also be constructed similarly to the structure shown in Fig. 3, except that the two ends of the second member are fixed to one end and fixed.
- FIGS. 4 to 12 it is also possible to use the generator shown in FIG. 13 instead of the generator shown in FIG. 1, but it is necessary to pay attention to the face-to-face when the structure shown in FIGS. 7 to 12 is produced.
- the fixed ends of the second components of the two generators placed should be on the same side, avoiding the free ends of the two second components interacting during the movement.
- the first conductive member 11 opposite to the first friction layer 10.
- Supporting element The material of the supporting member is not particularly limited, and a semiconductor or an insulator is preferably used.
- the other surface of the second conductive element 21 without the friction material may also be provided with a flexible support member, preferably the support member is resilient so as not to affect the elastic bending deformation of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21.
- the first conductive member is made of a metal copper plate having a thickness of 1 mm, and a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m is coated thereon as a first friction layer, and the second friction layer and the second conductive member are used.
- a metal aluminum film layer having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m, a length of 5 cm, and a width of 3 cm, wherein both ends of the film layer are fixed on both sides of the upper surface of the Teflon layer, so that a height is formed between the metal aluminum layer and the Teflon layer. 2mm arched void.
- the metal copper film layer and the metal aluminum layer are connected to the external circuit through wires, and the air blower provides airflow in the direction of the generator.
- the flow rate is about 5 m/s, and the flutter of the metal aluminum film layer can be clearly seen, and the Teflon layer is formed.
- a continuous contact-separation cycle is formed between the 80-inch commercial LED bulbs, as shown in Figure 14.
- Example 2 Since the polytetrafluoroethylene has a very negative polarity in the friction electrode sequence, and the polarity of the metal aluminum in the electrode sequence is relatively positive, the material combination of the present embodiment is advantageous for increasing the output of the friction nanogenerator.
- Example 2
- the first friction layer is made of a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film
- the first conductive member is made of a metal copper film having a thickness of 200 nm
- the first conductive member is deposited on the first friction layer by magnetron sputtering.
- the second friction layer and the second conductive element are made of a metal aluminum film layer having a thickness of 200 nm, a length of 5 cm, and a width of 2.5 cm, and the second friction layer and the second conductive element are deposited by magnetron sputtering at a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- the substrate is a polyimide film having a length and width consistent with the metallic aluminum film layer.
- a plexiglass strip having a height of 2 mm, a length of 2.5 cm, and a width of 2 mm was prepared by laser cutting, and the strip was fixed on the upper surface of the Teflon layer.
- One end of a polyimide film on which a metal aluminum thin film layer is deposited is fixed on the upper surface of the strip.
- the metal copper film layer and the metal aluminum layer are connected to the external circuit through wires, and the air blower provides airflow in the direction of the generator.
- the flow rate is about 5 m/s, and the flutter of the metal aluminum film layer can be clearly seen, and the Teflon layer is formed.
- a contact-separation cycle is constantly formed between.
- a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is used as a second friction layer on which a metal gold film having a thickness of about 100 nm is deposited by magnetron sputtering as a second Conductive component.
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- a silicon wafer having a thickness of 500 ⁇ m is used as the first friction layer, and a lower surface thereof is a deposited metal silver film having a thickness of about 100 nm.
- the other side of the silicon wafer is spin-coated with a layer of photoresist, and a square window array having a side length of micrometer or submicron is formed on the photoresist by photolithography; After chemical etching of the hot potassium hydroxide, an array of pyramid-shaped recessed structures is formed at the window.
- the nanowire array was prepared by inductively coupled plasma etching on the surface of the PTFE film. First, about 10 nm thick gold was deposited on the surface of the PTFE by a sputter, and then the PTFE film was placed in the inductor. In a coupled plasma etching machine, the side deposited with gold is etched, and 0 2 , Ar and CF 4 gases are introduced, and the flow is performed.
- the quantities are controlled at 10 sccm, 15 sccm and 30 sccm, the pressure is controlled at 15 mTorr, the operating temperature is controlled at 55 ° C, the plasma is generated with 400 watts of power, and the power is accelerated by 100 watts for about 5 minutes.
- the generators of the six embodiments 1 are arranged in parallel and in the same direction, and the two generators adjacent to the first conductive element are separated by a 2 mm thick plastic plate, and the first conductive element is glued to the first conductive element. Both sides of the plastic plate constitute a generator set as shown in Fig. 10. When the airflow is blown through the generator set in the direction of the generator, the generators operate simultaneously, and each of the generators can independently output an electrical signal.
- the wind friction nano-generator of the invention can use the wind to enable the generator to generate electric energy, provide power for the small-sized electric appliance, and does not need a power supply such as a battery, and is a convenient generator.
- the friction nano-generator of the invention is simple in preparation method and low in preparation cost, and is a friction nano-generator and a generator set with wide application range.
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a wind friction nanogenerator, comprising a first component and a second component that is capable of elastically bending and deforming. The first component comprises a first conductive element and a first friction layer that is directly adhered on an upper surface of the first conductive element. The second component comprises a second friction layer and a second conductive element that is directly adhered on an upper surface of the second friction layer. The first component and the second component each have at least one end relatively fixed, and the first friction layer is disposed opposite to the second friction layer. Under the action of wind, at least one part of an upper surface of the first friction layer forms a contact-separation cycle with a lower surface of the second friction layer, and an electrical signal is output to an external circuit by using the first conductive element and the second conductive element. When periodic tangential force is exerted on a sliding friction nanogenerator of the present invention, an alternate current pulse signal can be formed between the first conductive element and the second conductive element and output.
Description
一种风力摩擦纳米发电机 Wind friction nanogenerator
技术领域 本发明涉及一种风力发电机, 特别涉及一种利用风力驱动接触摩擦 进行发电的纳米发电机。 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wind power generator, and more particularly to a nanogenerator that uses wind driven contact friction to generate electricity.
背景技术 随着物联网技术的迅速兴起, 大量新型具有多种功能和高度集成化 的微型电子器件不断被开发出来, 并在人们日常生活的各个领域展现出 前所未有的应用前景。 然而, 和这些微型电子器件所匹配的电源系统的 研究却相对滞后, 一般说来, 这些微型电子器件的电源都是直接或者间 接来自于电池。 电池不仅体积较大、 质量较重, 而且含有的有毒化学物 质对环境和人体存在潜在的危害。 因此, 开发出能将运动、 振动等自然 存在的机械能转化为电能的技术具有极其重要的意义。 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With the rapid rise of the Internet of Things technology, a large number of new types of microelectronic devices with multiple functions and high integration have been continuously developed, and have shown unprecedented application prospects in various fields of daily life. However, research on power systems that match these miniature electronic devices has lagged behind. Generally speaking, the power supplies of these microelectronic devices are directly or indirectly derived from batteries. The battery is not only bulky, heavy, but also contains potentially toxic chemicals that are potentially harmful to the environment and the human body. Therefore, it has been extremely important to develop a technology that converts naturally occurring mechanical energy such as motion and vibration into electrical energy.
风能作为一种潜能巨大的绿色清洁能源, 从古至今一直受到人们的 重视。 通过高效的利用和储存风能来解决目前面临的能源紧缺问题, 已 经成了全世界人们的一个共识。 其中, 风力发电是最为主要和重要的一 个风能利用途径。 但是目前的风力发电都是通过风驱动风车的转动把风 的动能转变成机械能, 再通过发电机把机械能转化为电能。 而且为了稳 定发电, 还必须附加一个把风车转速提高到发电机额定转速的齿轮变速 箱, 和一个调速机构使转速保持稳定。 可见, 整个风力发电机的结构很 复杂, 需要很多大型的组件, 根本无法满足微型电子器件的供电要求。 As a green and clean energy with great potential, wind energy has been paid attention to by people since ancient times. The efficient use and storage of wind energy to solve the current energy shortage problem has become a consensus among people all over the world. Among them, wind power generation is the most important and important way to utilize wind energy. However, the current wind power generation converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy through the rotation of the wind-driven windmill, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy through the generator. In order to stabilize the power generation, a gearbox that increases the speed of the windmill to the rated speed of the generator must be added, and a speed governing mechanism keeps the speed stable. It can be seen that the structure of the entire wind turbine is very complicated and requires many large components, which cannot meet the power supply requirements of the microelectronic devices.
发明内容 为了克服现有技术中的上述问题, 本发明提供一种基于接触摩擦发 电的风力纳米发电机, 利用风的动能及动能的变化性驱动两个摩擦层发 生接触和分离, 进而产生电信号向外输出。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种风力摩擦纳米发电机, 包括第一 部件和能够发生弹性弯曲形变的第二部件: SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a wind nanogenerator based on contact friction power generation, which utilizes the kinetic energy of the wind and the variability of the kinetic energy to drive the two friction layers to contact and separate, thereby generating an electrical signal. Output to the outside. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wind friction nanogenerator comprising a first component and a second component capable of elastically bending deformation:
所述第一部件包括第一导电元件, 和与所述第一导电元件上表面直 接贴合的第一摩擦层; The first component includes a first conductive element, and a first friction layer directly attached to an upper surface of the first conductive element;
所述第二部件包括第二摩擦层, 和与所述第二摩擦层上表面直接贴 合的第二导电元件; The second component includes a second friction layer, and a second conductive element directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer;
所述第一部件和第二部件至少一端相对固定, 并且所述第一摩擦层 和第二摩擦层面对面; The first member and the second member are at least one end relatively fixed, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer face each other;
在风力的作用下至少部分所述第一摩擦层的上表面与所述第二摩 擦层的下表面形成接触-分离循环,并通过所述第一导电元件和第二导电 元件向外电路输出电信号; At least a portion of the upper surface of the first friction layer forms a contact-separation cycle with the lower surface of the second friction layer under the action of the wind, and outputs electricity to the external circuit through the first conductive element and the second conductive element Signal
优选地, 所述第一摩擦层的上表面材料和所述第二摩擦层的下表面 材料之间有摩擦电极序差异; Preferably, there is a friction electrode sequence difference between the upper surface material of the first friction layer and the lower surface material of the second friction layer;
优选地,所述第二部件的一端固定在第一部件上,另一端为自由端; 优选地, 所述第二部件的两端固定在第一部件上使所述第二摩擦层 形成一曲面, 并且至少部分所述第一摩擦层的上表面和所述第二摩擦层 的下表面之间形成间隙; Preferably, one end of the second component is fixed on the first component and the other end is a free end; preferably, both ends of the second component are fixed on the first component to form a curved surface of the second friction layer. And forming a gap between at least a portion of the upper surface of the first friction layer and a lower surface of the second friction layer;
优选地,还包括一挡板,所述挡板与所述第二部件面对面间隔放置, 使所述第二部件位于所述挡板和所述第一部件之间; Preferably, further comprising a baffle, the baffle being spaced face to face with the second component, such that the second component is located between the baffle and the first component;
优选地, 所述挡板与所述第一部件平行; Preferably, the baffle is parallel to the first component;
优选地, 所述挡板在面向第二部件的表面上有立体结构或增设辅助 部件; Preferably, the baffle has a three-dimensional structure or an auxiliary component on a surface facing the second component;
优选地, 所述第二部件是弹性的, 杨氏模量在 lOMPa到 lOGPa之 间; Preferably, the second component is elastic, and the Young's modulus is between 10 MPa and 10 MPa;
优选地,所述第一摩擦层和 /或第二摩擦层为绝缘材料或半导体材料; 优选地, 所述绝缘材料选自聚四氟乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚酰亚 胺、 聚二苯基丙垸碳酸酯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 苯胺甲醛树脂、 聚 甲醛、 乙基纤维素、 聚酰胺、 三聚氰胺甲醛、 聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、 纤维 素、 纤维素乙酸酯、 聚己二酸乙二醇酯、 聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、 再生
纤维海绵、 聚氨酯弹性体、 苯乙烯丙烯共聚物、 苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、 人造纤维、 聚甲基丙烯酸酯、 聚乙烯醇、 聚酯、 聚异丁烯、 聚氨酯柔性 海绵、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、酚醛树脂、氯丁橡胶、 丁二烯丙烯共聚物、 天然橡胶、 聚丙烯腈、 聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈:)、 聚 乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐, 聚苯乙烯、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚碳酸酯、 液晶高 分子聚合物、 聚氯丁二烯、 聚丙烯腈、 聚双苯酚碳酸酯、 聚氯醚、 聚三 氟氯乙烯、 聚偏二氯乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚氯乙烯和派瑞林; 所述 的半导体材料选自硅、锗、第 III和第 V族化合物、第 II和第 VI族化合物、 氧化物、 由 III-V族化合物和 II -VI族化合物组成的固溶体、 非晶态的玻 璃半导体和有机半导体; Preferably, the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer is an insulating material or a semiconductor material; preferably, the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, Polydiphenylpropionate carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, fiber Acetate, polyethylene adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regeneration Fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, styrene butadiene copolymer, rayon, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate Glycol ester, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, neoprene, butadiene propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile:), polyvinyl propylene glycol Carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, liquid crystal polymer, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polychlorotrifluoroethylene , polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and parylene; said semiconductor material is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, Group III and V compounds, Group II and VI compounds, oxides a solid solution composed of a III-V compound and a II-VI compound, an amorphous glass semiconductor, and an organic semiconductor;
优选地, 所述绝缘材料选自聚苯乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚二苯基 丙垸碳酸酯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚酰亚胺、 聚氯乙烯、 聚二甲基 硅氧垸、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 聚四氟乙烯和派瑞林; 所述第 III和第 V族化合 物选自砷化镓和磷化镓; 所述第 II和第 VI族化合物选自硫化镉和硫化锌; 所述氧化物选自锰、 铬、 铁或铜的氧化物; 所述由 III-V族化合物和 II - VI族化合物组成的固溶体选自镓铝砷和镓砷磷; Preferably, the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpyrene carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylene a siloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and parylene; the Group III and Group V compounds are selected from the group consisting of gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide; and the Group II and Group VI compounds are selected from the group consisting of Cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide; the oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of manganese, chromium, iron or copper; and the solid solution composed of the group III-V compound and the group II-VI compound is selected from the group consisting of gallium aluminum arsenide and gallium arsenide phosphorus;
优选地, 所述第一摩擦层和 /或第二摩擦层为非导电氧化物、半导体 氧化物或复杂氧化物,包括氧化硅、氧化铝,氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铁、 氧化钛、 氧化铜、 氧化锌、 Bi02或 Y203。 Preferably, the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer are non-conductive oxides, semiconductor oxides or complex oxides, including silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, oxidation. Copper, zinc oxide, Bi0 2 or Y 2 0 3 .
优选地,所述第一摩擦层上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面分布有微 米或次微米量级的微结构; Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are distributed with microstructures on the order of micrometers or submicrometers;
优选地, 所述微结构选自纳米线、 纳米管、 纳米颗粒、 纳米棒、 纳 米沟槽、 微米沟槽、 纳米锥、 微米锥、 纳米球和微米球状结构; Preferably, the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres;
优选地,所述第一摩擦层上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面有纳米材 料的点缀或涂层; Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are decorated or coated with a nano material;
优选地,所述第一摩擦层上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面经过化学 改性,使得在极性为正的材料表面引入容易失去电子的官能团和 /或在极 性为负的材料表面引入容易得到电子的官能团; Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically modified such that a functional group that easily loses electrons is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or is negative in polarity Introducing a functional group that readily acquires electrons on the surface of the material;
优选地,所述第一摩擦层上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面经过化学
改性,使得在极性为正的材料表面引入正电荷和 /或在极性为负的材料表 面引入负电荷; Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically Modification such that a positive charge is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or a negative charge is introduced on the surface of the negative polarity material;
优选地, 所述第一摩擦层为导电材料并且与所述第一导电元件合二 为一, 或, 所述第二摩擦层为导电材料并且与所述第二导电元件合二为 优选地, 构成所述第一摩擦层或第 摩擦层的所述导电材料选自金 属和导电氧化物; Preferably, the first friction layer is a conductive material and is combined with the first conductive element, or the second friction layer is a conductive material and is preferably combined with the second conductive element. The conductive material constituting the first friction layer or the second friction layer is selected from the group consisting of a metal and a conductive oxide;
优选地, 所述金属选自金、 银、 铂 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以 及由上述金属形成的合金; Preferably, the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals;
优选地,所述第一导电元件和 /或第 优选地,所述第一导电元件和 /或第二导电元件选自金、银、铂、铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及由上述金属形成的合金; Preferably, the first conductive element and/or preferably, the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and An alloy formed of the above metal;
优选地, 包括 1个所述第一部件和 1个所述第二部件; Preferably, comprising one of said first component and one of said second component;
优选地, 包括 1个所述第一部件和 2个所述第二部件, 其中所述第 一部件由导电的所述第一摩擦层构成, 2个所述第二部件分别位于所述 第一摩擦层的上下两侧; Preferably, comprising one of the first component and two of the second component, wherein the first component is composed of the electrically conductive first friction layer, and the two second components are respectively located at the first Upper and lower sides of the friction layer;
优选地, 2个所述第二部件中的第二摩擦层与所述第一摩擦层相比, 具有相同的摩擦电极序趋势。 本发明还提供一种发电机组, 由 2个前述任一种发电机构成, 所述 2个发电机相对放置, 使两个第二部件面对面并有一定间隔; Preferably, the second of the two of the second components has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as the first friction layer. The present invention also provides a generator set consisting of two of the foregoing types of generators, wherein the two generators are placed opposite each other such that the two second components face each other with a certain interval;
优选地, 所述 2个发电机相同; Preferably, the two generators are the same;
优选地, 所述 2个发电机的第一部件互相平行; Preferably, the first components of the two generators are parallel to each other;
优选地, 所述 2个发电机的第一部件之间形成一夹角; Preferably, an angle is formed between the first components of the two generators;
优选地, 所述 2个发电机的方向相同。 Preferably, the two generators have the same direction.
本发明还提供一种层状发电机组, 由 2个以上前述的发电机组纵向 叠加构成, 并且在两个相邻发电机组的第一部件之间设置连接件使二者 相连;
优选地, 所述连接件由绝缘材料制成; The present invention also provides a layered generator set, which is composed of two or more aforementioned gensets vertically stacked, and a connecting member is disposed between the first members of two adjacent gensets to connect the two; Preferably, the connecting member is made of an insulating material;
优选地, 所有所述发电机组的第一部件均平行; Preferably, all of the first components of the generator set are parallel;
优选地, 所有所述发电机组中发电机的方向均相同; Preferably, the directions of the generators in all of the generator sets are the same;
优选地, 所有所述发电机组中的发电机均相同; Preferably, all of the generators in the generator set are identical;
优选地, 所有相邻发电机组中互相接触的 2个所述第一摩擦层均为 导电材料, 并且将二者合二为一成为共用第一摩擦层; Preferably, all of the two first friction layers in contact with each other in all adjacent generator sets are electrically conductive materials, and the two are combined into one to become a common first friction layer;
优选地, 所述共用第一摩擦层与其两侧的第二摩擦层相比, 具有相 同的摩擦电极序趋势。 Preferably, the common first friction layer has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as its second friction layer on both sides.
与现有技术相比, 本发明的风力摩擦纳米发电机具有下列优点: Compared with the prior art, the wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention has the following advantages:
1、 全新的结构设计使风能微型发电变为现实。 本发明的发电机巧 妙地利用了弹性材料的弯曲形变和该形变对气体流动的影响, 首次成功 地实现了由非周期性变化的动力源驱动摩擦纳米发电机正常工作的目 的, 从而制备出了可以用于各种领域的微型风力发电机。 1. The new structural design makes wind power micro power generation a reality. The generator of the invention skillfully utilizes the bending deformation of the elastic material and the influence of the deformation on the gas flow, and successfully achieves the purpose of driving the friction nano-generator normally by the non-periodically changing power source for the first time, thereby preparing the It can be used in miniature wind turbines in various fields.
2、 能量的高效利用。 传统的风力发电机必须三级以上的自然风才 能驱动, 而本发明的发电机在轻微的风力扰动下即可工作。 特别是用在 某些器件上时, 可利用器件本身运动所产生的气流来驱动, 使得本发明 发电机可以收集更为多样化的能量, 并且不受天气条件的影响, 实现能 量的高效利用。 2. Efficient use of energy. Conventional wind turbines must be driven by natural winds of three or more stages, and the generator of the present invention can operate with slight wind disturbances. Especially when used on some devices, it can be driven by the airflow generated by the motion of the device itself, so that the generator of the present invention can collect more diverse energy and is not affected by weather conditions, thereby achieving efficient use of energy.
3、 结构简单、 轻巧便携和高度兼容。 本发明的风力发电机无需风 车、变速箱、调速机、发电机等组件, 结构简单, 体积很小, 制作方便、 成本低廉、 能够安装在各种微型电子器件上, 无需特殊的工作环境, 因 此具有很高的兼容性。 3, simple structure, lightweight and portable and highly compatible. The wind power generator of the invention does not need components such as a windmill, a gearbox, a speed governor, a generator, etc., has a simple structure, a small volume, is convenient to manufacture, has low cost, can be installed on various microelectronic devices, and does not require a special working environment. Therefore, it has high compatibility.
4、 用途广泛。 通过对发电机中第一摩擦层的上表面和第二摩擦层 的下表面进行物理改性或化学改性, 引入纳米结构图案或涂纳米材料等, 还可以进一歩提高摩擦纳米发电机工作时所产生的接触电荷密度, 从而 提高发电机的输出能力。因此,本发明的发电机不仅能作为小型功率源, 同时也可用于大功率发电。
附图说明 通过附图所示,本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优势将更加清晰。 在全部附图中相同的附图标记指示相同的部分。 并未刻意按实际尺寸等 比例缩放绘制附图, 重点在于示出本发明的主旨。 4, a wide range of uses. By physically modifying or chemically modifying the upper surface of the first friction layer and the lower surface of the second friction layer in the generator, introducing a nanostructure pattern or coating a nano material, etc., it is also possible to further improve the operation of the friction nanogenerator The resulting contact charge density increases the output capability of the generator. Therefore, the generator of the present invention can be used not only as a small power source but also as a high power power generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the claims. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same parts. The drawings are not intended to be scaled to scale in actual size, with emphasis on the gist of the present invention.
图 1为本发明风力摩擦纳米发电机的一种典型结构示意图,其中(a) 为外观示意图, (b)为剖面结构示意图, (c)和 (d)是在风力作用下的 结构示意图; 1 is a schematic structural view of a typical wind-driven nano-generator of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view of the appearance, (b) is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure, and (c) and (d) are schematic views of the structure under the action of wind;
图 2为本发明风力摩擦纳米发电机的发电原理的剖面示意图; 图 3为本发明风力摩擦纳米发电机的另一种典型结构示意图, 其中 (a)为第一摩擦层和第一导电元件合二为一的情况, (b)为第二摩擦层 和第二导电元件合二为一的情况, (c) 为两个发电机共用一个导电第一 摩擦层的情况; 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the power generation principle of the wind friction nano-generator of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the wind friction nano-generator of the present invention, wherein (a) is a first friction layer and a first conductive member In the case of two, (b) is the case where the second friction layer and the second conductive element are combined into one, (c) the case where the two generators share one conductive first friction layer;
图 4为本发明带挡板的风力摩擦纳米发电机的典型结构示意图; 图 5为图 4所示发电机在风力作用下的结构示意图; 4 is a schematic structural view of a wind-blown nano-generator with a baffle according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the generator shown in FIG.
图 6为本发明风力摩擦纳米发电机组的一种典型结构示意图; 图 7为图 6所示发电机组在风力作用下的结构示意图; 6 is a schematic structural view of a wind friction nano-generator set of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the generator set shown in FIG. 6 under the action of wind;
图 8为本发明的层状风力摩擦纳米发电机组的典型结构示意图, 其 中(a)为所有发电机方向相同的情况,(b)为发电机的方向不同的情况; 图 9为本发明的层状风力摩擦纳米发电机组的另一种典型结构示意 图; Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention, wherein (a) is the case where all the generator directions are the same, (b) is the case where the directions of the generators are different; Fig. 9 is a layer of the present invention; Another typical structural schematic diagram of a wind-driven friction nanogenerator set;
图 10 为本发明的层状风力摩擦纳米发电机组的另一种典型结构示 意图; Figure 10 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention;
图 11 为本发明的层状风力摩擦纳米发电机组的另一种典型结构示 意图; Figure 11 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention;
图 12 为本发明的层状风力摩擦纳米发电机组的另一种典型结构示 意图; Figure 12 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention;
图 13 为本发明风力摩擦纳米发电机第一部件单端固定的典型结构 示意图; 13 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a single-end fixing of a first component of a wind friction nano-generator according to the present invention;
图 14为本发明风力摩擦纳米发电机在吹风机提供的、 5m/s的风速
下驱动点亮 80盏商用 LED灯泡的实时照片。 Figure 14 is a wind speed of 5 m / s provided by the wind friction nano-generator in the hair dryer of the present invention The lower drive lights up a real-time photo of the 80-inch commercial LED bulb.
具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案 进行清楚、 完整地描述。 显然, 所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施 例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人 员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发 明保护的范围。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
其次, 本发明结合示意图进行详细描述, 在详述本发明实施例时, 为便于说明,所述示意图只是示例,其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。 The present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are illustrated by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
本发明提供一种将风能转化为电能的、 结构简单的摩擦纳米发电机, 能够为微型电子器件提供匹配的电源。 本发明的摩擦纳米发电机利用了 在摩擦电极序中的极性存在差异的材料接触时产生表面电荷转移的现 象, 将风力产生的机械能转化为电能。 The invention provides a simple structure of a friction nano-generator that converts wind energy into electrical energy, and can provide a matching power source for the microelectronic device. The friction nanogenerator of the present invention utilizes the phenomenon of surface charge transfer when a material having a difference in polarity in the friction electrode sequence contacts, converting mechanical energy generated by wind into electrical energy.
本发明中所述的 "摩擦电极序", 是指根据材料对电荷的吸引程度 将其进行的排序, 两种材料在相互接触的瞬间, 在接触面上负电荷从摩 擦电极序中极性较正的材料表面转移至摩擦电极序中极性较负的材料 表面。 迄今为止, 还没有一种统一的理论能够完整的解释电荷转移的机 制, 一般认为, 这种电荷转移和材料的表面功函数相关, 通过电子或者 离子在接触面上的转移而实现电荷转移。 需要说明的是, 摩擦电极序只 是一种基于经验的统计结果, 即两种材料在该序列中相差越远, 接触后 所产生电荷的正负性和该序列相符合的几率就越大, 而且实际的结果受 到多种因素的影响, 比如材料表面粗糙度、 环境湿度和是否有相对摩擦 本发明中所述的 "接触电荷", 是指在两种摩擦电极序极性存在差 异的材料在接触摩擦并分离后其表面所带有的电荷, 一般认为, 该电荷 只分布在材料的表面,分布最大深度不过约为 10纳米。需要说明的是, 接触电荷的符号是净电荷的符号, 即在带有正接触电荷的材料表面的局
部地区可能存在负电荷的聚集区域, 但整个表面净电荷的符号为正。 本发明中 "发电机的方向"指的是平行于发电机第一摩擦层的平面 并垂直于第二导电元件中被固定的边长的方向。 The "friction electrode sequence" as used in the present invention refers to the order in which the material is attracted according to the degree of attraction of the material. When the two materials are in contact with each other, the polarity of the negative charge on the contact surface from the friction electrode sequence is compared. The positive material surface is transferred to the surface of the material that is more polar in the friction electrode sequence. To date, there is no unified theory that can fully explain the mechanism of charge transfer. It is generally believed that this charge transfer is related to the surface work function of the material, and charge transfer is achieved by the transfer of electrons or ions on the contact surface. It should be noted that the friction electrode sequence is only an empirically based statistical result, that is, the further the difference between the two materials in the sequence, the greater the positive and negative charge generated after the contact and the probability of the sequence being coincident, and The actual results are affected by various factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity and whether there is relative friction. The "contact charge" described in the present invention refers to the contact between materials having different polarities of the two friction electrode sequences. The charge on the surface after rubbing and separation is generally considered to be distributed only on the surface of the material, with a maximum depth of about 10 nm. It should be noted that the sign of the contact charge is the sign of the net charge, that is, the surface of the surface of the material with positive contact charge. There may be a concentrated area of negative charge in the area, but the sign of the net charge on the entire surface is positive. The "direction of the generator" in the present invention refers to a direction parallel to the plane of the first friction layer of the generator and perpendicular to the length of the side of the second conductive member that is fixed.
图 1是本发明风力摩擦纳米发电机的一种典型结构。 从下至上依次 包括第一部件和能够发生弹性弯曲形变的第二部件, 其中第一部件包括 第一导电元件 11、 与所述第一导电元件 11上表面接触放置的第一摩擦 层 10, 第二部件包括与所述第一摩擦层 10对面放置的第二摩擦层 20、 与第二摩擦层 20上表面固定接触放置的第二导电元件 21 ; 其中第二部 件为一曲面并通过两端固定在第一部件中第一摩擦层 10 的上表面, 从 而使第二摩擦层 20的下表面和第一摩擦层 10的上表面之间形成拱形空 隙(参见图 1-a和图 l-b), 为使该空隙能够得以保持, 由第二摩擦层 20 和其上表面的第二导电元件 21 所构成的第二部件整体应具有弹性弯曲 形变的特性; 当风吹过纳米发电机时, 第二部件在风力的作用下发生弯 曲形变, 使第二摩擦层 20的下表面与第一摩擦层 10的上表面发生部分 接触形成接触摩擦面, 并且风向不同时, 发生形变的位置不同, 导致该 接触摩擦面的面积和位置也不同, 图 1-c和图 1-d示意出 2种比较典型 的弯曲形变方式; 当风力减弱或风向变化导致作用在第二摩擦层 20 和 第二导电元件 21 上的力减弱时, 自身的弹性使得二者部分或全部恢复 原状, 或者形变的位置和方式发生变化, 导致之前形成的接触摩擦面因 第一摩擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20的局部分离而消失, 接触摩擦的面积因 此发生变化, 从而通过第一导电元件 11和第二导电元件 21向外电路输 出电信号。 对于图 1-c所示的情况, 即便风速是恒定的, 由于风垂直吹 到第二部件后, 会改变方向沿着第二部件的表面向四周扩散开去, 这样 就形成与第二部件平行的气流, 该气流会导致第二部件的受迫振动, 即 颤振, 造成两摩擦层之间的分离和接触, 从而形成电流的输出。 1 is a typical structure of a wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention. The first member and the second member capable of elastically bending deformation are sequentially included from bottom to top, wherein the first member includes a first conductive member 11 and a first friction layer 10 placed in contact with the upper surface of the first conductive member 11, The two components include a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10, and a second conductive member 21 placed in fixed contact with the upper surface of the second friction layer 20; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed by both ends An upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member, thereby forming an arcuate gap between the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 (see FIGS. 1-a and lb), In order to enable the gap to be maintained, the second member composed of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 on the upper surface thereof should have a property of elastic bending deformation as a whole; when the wind blows through the nanogenerator, the second The component is bent and deformed under the action of the wind force, causing the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 to partially contact the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 to form a contact friction surface, and the wind direction is different. The location of the deformation is different, resulting in different areas and positions of the contact friction surface. Figures 1-c and 1-d illustrate two typical bending deformation modes; when the wind weakens or the wind direction changes, the second friction occurs. When the force on the layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 is weakened, the elasticity of itself changes some or all of the two, or the position and manner of the deformation changes, resulting in the previously formed contact friction surface due to the first friction layer 10 and the first The partial separation of the two friction layers 20 disappears, and the area of the contact friction is thus changed, thereby outputting an electric signal to the external circuit through the first conductive member 11 and the second conductive member 21. For the case shown in Figure 1-c, even if the wind speed is constant, since the wind blows vertically to the second part, the direction changes and spreads along the surface of the second part, thus forming a parallel with the second part. The air flow, which causes forced vibration of the second component, i.e., chatter, causes separation and contact between the two friction layers, thereby forming an output of current.
为了方便说明, 以下将结合图 1 的典型结构来描述本发明的原理、 各部件的选择原则以及材料范围, 但是很显然这些内容并不仅局限于图 1所示的实施例, 而是可以用于本发明所公开的所有技术方案。 For convenience of description, the principle of the present invention, the selection principle of each component, and the material range will be described below in conjunction with the typical structure of FIG. 1, but it is obvious that the content is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but can be used for All technical solutions disclosed by the present invention.
由于本发电机电信号的产生和输出是通过第一摩擦层 10和第二摩
擦层 20的接触-分离过程来实现的, 因此此处仅以二者接触部位的局部 放大图为例来说明发电机的工作原理, 使得整个过程更为清楚, 具体参 见图 2。在没有外力的初始状态下, 由于第二部件中的第二摩擦层 20和 /或第二导电元件 21本身的弹性, 第一摩擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20之间 存在一定的间隔 (参见图 2中 A歩骤)。 当有风吹过时, 会有部分力作 用在第二部件上, 使第二摩擦层 20和第二导电元件 21发生弯曲形变, 从而使第二摩擦层 20与第一摩擦层 10接触, 由于这两个摩擦层分别由 具有摩擦电极序差的材料形成, 因此在接触的瞬间发生表面电荷转移, 形成一层表面接触电荷(参见图 2中 B歩骤)。 根据第一摩擦层 10和第 二摩擦层 20的材料在摩擦电极序中的相对位置, 第二摩擦层 20表面产 生正电荷, 而第一摩擦层 10表面产生负电荷, 两种电荷的电量大小相 同, 因此在第一导电元件 11和第二导电元件 21之间没有电势差, 也就 没有电荷流动。 当和第二摩擦层 20相互作用的气流的强度和 /或方向改 变而造成第二摩擦层的颤振时, 在第二摩擦层 20和 /或第二导电元件 21 的弹性作用下, 第一摩擦层 10与第二摩擦层 20开始分离, 此时由第一 导电元件 11和第一摩擦层 10所构成的第一部件具有净剩负电荷, 而第 二导电元件 21和第二摩擦层 20所构成的第二部件具有净剩正电荷, 因 此在第一导电元件 11和第二导电元件 21之间产生了电势差。 为平衡该 电势差, 电子通过外接导线由第二导电元件 21流入第一导电元件 11, 从而在外电路产生由第一电极层到第二电极层的瞬时电流 (参见图 2中 C歩骤), 当第一摩擦层 10回到初始位置时,它与第二摩擦层 20之间的 间距达到最大, 二者的电荷都达到平衡, 在第一导电元件 11 和第二导 电元件 21之间没有电势差,在外电路也就没有电流产生(参见图 2中 D 歩骤)。 当风力再度作用时, 由于第一导电元件 11与第二摩擦层 20的 间距变小, 第二摩擦层 20表面的正电荷对第一导电元件 11中正电荷的 排斥作用增强, 同时第一摩擦层 10表面的负电荷对第二导电元件 21中 正电荷的吸引作用也增强, 由此导致第一导电元件 11 和第二导电元件 21之间产生与之前方向相反的电势差。 为进一歩平衡该电势差, 电子通 过外电路由第一导电元件 11流入第二导电元件 21, 从而在外电路产生
与第一次方向相反的瞬时电流(参见图 2中歩骤 E)。当作用在第一摩擦 层上的外力继续施加使其与第二摩擦层 20 发生接触后, 就又重复上面 B-E歩骤的情形。 由此可以看出, 本发明的发电机能够工作的前提是风 本身所具有的方向、 大小的多变性以及弹性物质与风之间的相互作用, 使得作用在第二摩擦层 20 上的有效压力会发生变化, 能够实现第一摩 擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20之间不断的接触和分离, 形成脉冲电信号向外 输出。 Since the generator electrical signal is generated and output through the first friction layer 10 and the second friction The contact-separation process of the rubbing layer 20 is realized. Therefore, the working principle of the generator is explained by taking a partial enlarged view of the contact portions as an example, so that the whole process is more clear. See FIG. 2 for details. In the initial state without external force, there is a certain interval between the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 due to the elasticity of the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive member 21 itself in the second member (see Figure 2, step A). When there is wind blowing, a part of the force acts on the second component, causing the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21 to be bent and deformed, so that the second friction layer 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10, The two friction layers are respectively formed of a material having a friction electrode order difference, so that surface charge transfer occurs at the moment of contact to form a surface contact charge (see step B in Fig. 2). According to the relative position of the materials of the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 in the friction electrode sequence, the surface of the second friction layer 20 generates a positive charge, and the surface of the first friction layer 10 generates a negative charge, and the electric quantity of the two charges The same, so there is no potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21, and thus no charge flows. When the intensity and/or direction of the airflow interacting with the second friction layer 20 changes to cause chattering of the second friction layer, under the elasticity of the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive member 21, the first The friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 begin to separate, at which time the first component composed of the first conductive element 11 and the first friction layer 10 has a net negative charge, and the second conductive element 21 and the second friction layer 20 The second component is constructed to have a net positive charge, thus creating a potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21. To balance the potential difference, electrons flow from the second conductive element 21 into the first conductive element 11 through the external wires, thereby generating an instantaneous current from the first electrode layer to the second electrode layer in the external circuit (see step C in FIG. 2). When the first friction layer 10 returns to the initial position, the distance between it and the second friction layer 20 is maximized, and the charges of both of them are balanced, and there is no potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21, There is no current generated in the external circuit (see step D in Figure 2). When the wind force acts again, since the distance between the first conductive member 11 and the second friction layer 20 becomes smaller, the positive charge on the surface of the second friction layer 20 enhances the repulsion of the positive charge in the first conductive member 11 while the first friction layer The attraction of the negative charge on the surface of the second conductive element 21 is also enhanced, thereby causing a potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 to be opposite to the previous direction. In order to further balance the potential difference, electrons flow from the first conductive element 11 into the second conductive element 21 through the external circuit, thereby generating an external circuit. The instantaneous current is opposite to the first direction (see step E in Figure 2). When the external force acting on the first friction layer continues to be applied to make contact with the second friction layer 20, the above BE step is repeated. It can be seen that the premise that the generator of the present invention can work is the directionality of the wind itself, the variability of the size and the interaction between the elastic material and the wind, so that the effective pressure acting on the second friction layer 20 Changes may occur, enabling continuous contact and separation between the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 to form a pulsed electrical signal for outward output.
通过本发明上面提供的工作原理, 本领域的技术人员能够清楚地认 识到风力摩擦纳米发电机的工作方式, 从而能够了解各部件材料的选择 原则。 以下给出适用本发明中所有技术方案的各部件材料的可选择范围, 在实际应用时可以根据实际需要来做具体选择, 从而达到调控发电机输 出性能的目的。 By the working principle provided above by the present invention, those skilled in the art can clearly recognize the working mode of the wind friction nano-generator, thereby being able to understand the selection principle of the materials of the various components. The selectable ranges of materials for each component to which all the technical solutions in the present invention are applied are given below. In practical applications, specific selections can be made according to actual needs, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the output performance of the generator.
第一摩擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20分别由具有不同摩擦电特性的材料 组成, 所述的不同摩擦电特性意味着二者在摩擦电极序中处于不同的位 置, 从而使得二者在发生摩擦的过程中能够在表面产生接触电荷。 常规 的高分子聚合物都具有摩擦电特性, 均可以作为制备本发明第一摩擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20的材料, 此处列举一些常用的高分子聚合物材料: 聚四氟乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚酰亚胺、 聚二苯基丙垸碳酸酯、 聚对 苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 苯胺甲醛树脂、 聚甲醛、 乙基纤维素、 聚酰胺、 三 聚氰胺甲醛、 聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、 纤维素、 纤维素乙酸酯、 聚己二酸乙 二醇酯、 聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、 再生纤维海绵、 聚氨酯弹性体、 苯乙 烯丙烯共聚物、 苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、 人造纤维、 聚甲基丙烯酸酯、 聚 乙烯醇、 聚酯、 聚异丁烯、 聚氨酯柔性海绵、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、酚醛树脂、氯丁橡胶、丁二烯丙烯共聚物、天然橡胶、 聚丙烯腈、 聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈)、 聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐, 聚苯乙烯、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚碳酸酯、 液晶高分子聚合物、 聚氯丁二烯、 聚丙 烯腈、 聚双苯酚碳酸酯、 聚氯醚、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 聚偏二氯乙烯、 聚乙 烯、 聚丙烯、 聚氯乙烯和派瑞林。 限于篇幅的原因, 并不能对所有可能 的材料进行穷举, 此处仅列出几种具体的聚合物材料从人们参考, 但是
显然这些具体的材料并不能成为本发明保护范围的限制性因素, 因为在 发明的启示下, 本领域的技术人员根据这些材料所具有的摩擦电特性很 容易选择其他类似的材料。 The first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 are respectively composed of materials having different triboelectric characteristics, and the different triboelectric characteristics mean that the two are in different positions in the friction electrode sequence, thereby causing friction between the two. The process can generate contact charges on the surface. Conventional high molecular polymers have triboelectric properties, and can be used as materials for preparing the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 of the present invention. Here, some commonly used high molecular polymer materials are listed: polytetrafluoroethylene, poly Dimethyl siloxane, polyimide, polydiphenyl propylene carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, poly Ethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, recycled fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, Styrene butadiene copolymer, rayon, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin , neoprene, butadiene propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyvinyl propylene glycol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate Gather Acid ester, liquid crystal polymer, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride And parylene. Due to space limitations, not all possible materials can be exhaustive. Only a few specific polymer materials are listed here, but It will be apparent that these specific materials are not limiting as to the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the art will readily be able to select other similar materials based on the triboelectric properties of these materials.
相对于绝缘体, 半导体和金属均具有容易失去电子的摩擦电特性, 在摩擦电极序的列表中常和高分子材料相差较大。 因此, 半导体和金属 也可以作为制备第一摩擦层 10或第二摩擦层 20的原料。 常用的半导体 包括硅、 锗; 第 III和第 V族化合物, 例如砷化镓、 磷化镓等; 第 II和第 VI族化合物, 例如硫化镉、 硫化锌等; 以及由 III-V族化合物和 π -νι族 化合物组成的固溶体, 例如镓铝砷、 镓砷磷等。 除上述晶态半导体外, 还有非晶态的玻璃半导体、 有机半导体等。 非导电性氧化物、 半导体氧 化物和复杂氧化物也具有摩擦电特性, 能够在摩擦过程形成表面电荷, 因此也可以用来作为本发明的摩擦层, 例如锰、 铬、 铁、 铜的氧化物, 还包括氧化硅、 氧化锰、 氧化铬、 氧化铁、 氧化铜、 氧化锌、 Βι02和 Υ203; 常用的金属包括金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及由 上述金属形成的合金。 当然, 还可以使用其他具有导电特性的材料充当 容易失去电子的摩擦层材料, 例如铟锡氧化物 ιτο、 掺杂的半导体和导 电有机物。 其中, 导电有机物一般为导电高分子, 包括自聚吡咯、 聚苯 硫醚、 聚酞菁类化合物、 聚苯胺和 /或聚噻吩。 Both semiconductors and metals have triboelectric properties that tend to lose electrons relative to the insulator, and often differ greatly from polymer materials in the list of friction electrode sequences. Therefore, the semiconductor and the metal can also be used as a raw material for preparing the first friction layer 10 or the second friction layer 20. Commonly used semiconductors include silicon, germanium; Group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.; Group II and Group VI compounds such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.; and III-V compounds and A solid solution composed of a compound of π-νι, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide phosphorus, or the like. In addition to the above crystalline semiconductor, there are amorphous glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and the like. Non-conductive oxides, semiconducting oxides, and complex oxides also have triboelectric properties and are capable of forming surface charges during the rubbing process, and thus can also be used as the friction layer of the present invention, such as oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, and copper. Also includes silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, Βι 2 2 and Υ 2 0 3 ; commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium And an alloy formed of the above metal. Of course, other materials having conductive properties can also be used as the friction layer material that easily loses electrons, such as indium tin oxide, doped semiconductors, and conductive organics. Among them, the conductive organic substance is generally a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.
当使用导电材料作为摩擦层时, 可以将导电元件与摩擦层合二为一, 这样可以简化制备工序、 降低成本, 更利于工业上的推广和应用。 例如 图 3所示的实施方式,其中图 3-a为由导电材料制备的第一摩擦层 10和 第一导电元件 11 合二为一, 具体结构包括第一部件和能够发生弹性弯 曲形变的第二部件, 其中第一部件包括导电的第一摩擦层 10, 第二部件 包括与所述第一摩擦层 10对面放置的第二摩擦层 20和与第二摩擦层 20 上表面固定接触放置的第二导电元件 21 ;其中第二部件为一曲面并通过 两端固定在第一部件中第一摩擦层 10的上表面, 从而使第二摩擦层 20 的下表面和第一摩擦层 10的上表面之间形成拱形空隙。图 3-b为第二摩 擦层 20和第二导电元件 21合为一层, 具体包括第一部件和能够发生弹 性弯曲形变的第二部件, 其中第一部件包括第一导电元件 11 和与第一
导电元件 11上表面贴合放置的第一摩擦层 10, 第二部件包括与所述第 一摩擦层 10对面放置的导电的第二摩擦层 20; 其中第二部件为一曲面 并通过两端固定在第一部件中第一摩擦层 10 的上表面, 从而使第二摩 擦层 20的下表面和第一摩擦层 10的上表面之间形成拱形空隙。 图 3-c 为两个发电机共用一个导电的第一摩擦层 10 的情形, 为了防止在该共 用的第一摩擦层 10 的两个表面所产生的接触电荷由于电性相异而互相 中和, 应确保该共用的第一摩擦层 10与其两侧的第二摩擦层 20相比, 具有相同的摩擦电极序趋势, 即如果第一摩擦层 10 相比于其上侧的第 二摩擦层 20 具有较正的摩擦电极序, 那么相对于其下侧的第二摩擦层 20也具有较正的摩擦电极序。在满足该条件的情况下, 上下两侧的第二 摩擦层可以相同也可以不同。 When a conductive material is used as the friction layer, the conductive element and the friction layer can be combined into one, which simplifies the preparation process, reduces the cost, and is more advantageous for industrial promotion and application. For example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, wherein FIG. 3-a is a combination of the first friction layer 10 and the first conductive member 11 made of a conductive material, the specific structure including the first member and the first portion capable of elastic bending deformation a second component, wherein the first component comprises a conductive first friction layer 10, and the second component comprises a second friction layer 20 placed opposite the first friction layer 10 and a first place in contact with the upper surface of the second friction layer 20 a second conductive member 21; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, so that the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 An arched void is formed between them. FIG. 3-b is a layer of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21, specifically including a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein the first component includes the first conductive component 11 and One The upper surface of the conductive member 11 is attached to the first friction layer 10 placed thereon, and the second member includes a conductive second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed by both ends An upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member forms an arcuate gap between the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10. Figure 3-c shows the case where the two generators share a conductive first friction layer 10, in order to prevent the contact charges generated on the two surfaces of the shared first friction layer 10 from neutralizing each other due to electrical differences. It should be ensured that the shared first friction layer 10 has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as the second friction layer 20 on both sides thereof, that is, if the first friction layer 10 is compared to the second friction layer 20 on the upper side thereof. With a more correct friction electrode sequence, the second friction layer 20 with respect to its lower side also has a more correct friction electrode sequence. When the condition is satisfied, the second friction layers on the upper and lower sides may be the same or different.
通过实验发现, 当第一摩擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20材料的得电子能 力相差越大 (即在摩擦电极序中的位置相差越远) 时, 发电机输出的电 信号越强。 所以, 可以根据实际需要, 选择合适的材料来制备第一摩擦 层 10和第二摩擦层 20, 以获得更好的输出效果。 具有负极性摩擦电极 序的材料优选聚苯乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚二苯基丙垸碳酸酯、 聚对 苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚酰亚胺、 聚氯乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚三氟氯 乙烯和聚四氟乙烯和派瑞林, 包括派瑞林 C、 派瑞林 N、 派瑞林 D、 派 瑞林 HT或派瑞林 AF4; 具有正极性的摩擦电极序材料优选苯胺甲醛树 脂、 聚甲醛、 乙基纤维素、 聚酰胺尼龙 11、 聚酰胺尼龙 66、 羊毛及其 织物、蚕丝及其织物、纸、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、纤维素、纤维素醋酸酯、 聚乙二醇己二酸酯、 聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、 再生纤维素海绵、 棉及其 织物、 聚氨酯弹性体、 苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、 苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、 木头、 硬橡胶、 醋酸酯、 人造纤维、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚乙烯醇、 聚 酯、 铜、 铝、 金、 银和钢。 It has been experimentally found that the greater the electrical energy difference between the materials of the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 (i.e., the farther apart the position in the friction electrode sequence), the stronger the electrical signal output by the generator. Therefore, the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 can be prepared according to actual needs, and a suitable material can be selected to obtain a better output effect. The material having the negative polarity friction electrode sequence is preferably polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpropionate carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylene Siloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene and parylene, including parylene C, parylene, parylene D, parylene HT or parylene AF4; with positive polarity The friction electrode sequence material is preferably aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabric, silk and its fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose , cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene - Butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, copper, aluminum, gold, silver and steel.
还可以对第一摩擦层 10上表面和 /或第二摩擦层 20下表面进行物理 改性, 使其表面分布有微米或次微米量级的微结构阵列, 以增加第一摩 擦层 10与第二摩擦层 20之间的接触面积, 从而增大接触电荷量。 具体 的改性方法包括光刻蚀、 化学刻蚀和离子体刻蚀等。 也可以通过纳米材
料的点缀或涂层的方式来实现该目的。 The upper surface of the first friction layer 10 and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 may also be physically modified to have a micro- or sub-micron array of microstructures distributed on the surface thereof to increase the first friction layer 10 and the first The contact area between the two friction layers 20 increases the amount of contact charge. Specific modification methods include photolithography, chemical etching, and ion etching. Nano material The way the material is embellished or coated to achieve this.
也可以对相互接触的第一摩擦层 10和 /或第二摩擦层 20的表面进行 化学改性, 能够进一歩提高电荷在接触瞬间的转移量, 从而提高接触电 荷密度和发电机的输出功率。 化学改性又分为如下两种类型: It is also possible to chemically modify the surfaces of the first friction layer 10 and/or the second friction layer 20 which are in contact with each other, and it is possible to further increase the amount of charge transfer at the moment of contact, thereby increasing the contact charge density and the output power of the generator. Chemical modification is divided into the following two types:
一种方法是对于相互接触的第一摩擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20材料, 在极性为正的材料表面引入更易失电子的官能团 (即强给电子团), 或 者在极性为负的材料表面引入更易得电子的官能团 (强吸电子团), 都 能够进一歩提高电荷在相互滑动时的转移量, 从而提高摩擦电荷密度和 发电机的输出功率。 强给电子团包括: 氨基、 羟基、 垸氧基等; 强吸电 子团包括: 酰基、 羧基、 硝基、 磺酸基等。 官能团的引入可以采用等离 子体表面改性等常规方法。 例如可以使氧气和氮气的混合气在一定功率 下产生等离子体, 从而在摩擦层材料表面引入氨基。 One method is to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the positive polarity material for the materials of the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 that are in contact with each other, or have a negative polarity. The introduction of more electron-donating functional groups (strong electron-withdrawing groups) on the surface of the material can further increase the amount of transfer of charges as they slide against each other, thereby increasing the triboelectric charge density and the output power of the generator. Strong electron donating groups include: amino group, hydroxyl group, decyloxy group, etc.; strong electron withdrawing group includes: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like. The introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as surface modification of a plasma. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be used to generate a plasma at a certain power to introduce an amino group on the surface of the friction layer material.
另外一种方法是在极性为正的摩擦层材料表面引入正电荷, 而在极 性为负的摩擦层材料表面引入负电荷。 具体可以通过化学键合的方式实 现。例如,可以在 PDMS摩擦层表面利用水解 -缩合 (英文简写为 sol-gel) 的方法修饰上正硅酸乙酯(英文简写为 TEOS) , 而使其带负电。 也可以 在金属金薄膜层上利用金-硫的键结修饰上表面含十六垸基三甲基溴化 铵 (CTAB) 的金纳米粒子, 由于十六垸基三甲基溴化铵为阳离子, 故 会使整个摩擦层变成带正电性。 本领域的技术人员可以根据摩擦层材料 的得失电子性质和表面化学键的种类, 选择合适的修饰材料与其键合, 以达到本发明的目的, 因此这样的变形都在本发明的保护范围之内。 Another method is to introduce a positive charge on the surface of the friction layer material having a positive polarity and a negative charge on the surface of the friction layer material having a negative polarity. Specifically, it can be achieved by chemical bonding. For example, ethyl orthosilicate (in English abbreviated as TEOS) can be modified on the surface of the PDMS friction layer by hydrolysis-condensation (abbreviated as sol-gel) to make it negatively charged. It is also possible to modify gold nanoparticles containing hexadecanyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the upper surface of the metal gold film layer by gold-sulfur bonding, since hexadecanyltrimethylammonium bromide is a cation. Therefore, the entire friction layer becomes positively charged. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable modifying material and bond it according to the electronic properties of the friction layer material and the type of surface chemical bond to achieve the object of the present invention, and thus such deformation is within the scope of the present invention.
为了保证由第二摩擦层 20和第二导电元件 21所形成的第二部件具 有可弯曲形变的弹性,优选第二摩擦层 20是柔性的,更优选是弹性的, 最好材料的杨氏模量在 lOMPa到 lOGPa之间。 当第二摩擦层不具有弹 性时, 可以通过其上的第二导电元件 21 来实现整体的弹性, 因为一般 的金属薄层都具有弯曲形变的弹性。 对于第二摩擦层 20 的厚度选择, 一般综合考虑其弹性和机械强度两方面, 较好为薄膜或薄层, 具体可以 为 10nm-5mm, 优选 100nm-2mm, 更优选 1μπι-800μπι, 这些厚度对本 发明中所有的技术方案都适用。 如果第二摩擦层 20和第二导电元件 21
均不具备弹性, 还可以考虑在第二导电元件 21 的上表面附着一层能够 发生弹性弯曲形变的材料, 例如橡胶薄片等, 由该附加材料来赋予第二 部件的弹性。 In order to ensure that the second member formed by the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 has a bendable elastic property, it is preferred that the second friction layer 20 be flexible, more preferably elastic, preferably a Young's modulus of the material. The amount is between lOMPa and lOGPa. When the second friction layer does not have elasticity, the overall elasticity can be achieved by the second conductive member 21 thereon because the general metal thin layer has a bending deformation elasticity. For the thickness selection of the second friction layer 20, generally considering the elastic and mechanical strength thereof, it is preferably a film or a thin layer, and specifically may be 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably 100 nm to 2 mm, more preferably 1 μm to 800 μm, and these thicknesses are All technical solutions in the invention are applicable. If the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21 There is no elasticity, and it is also conceivable to attach a layer of a material capable of elastic bending deformation, such as a rubber sheet, to the upper surface of the second conductive member 21, and the additional material imparts elasticity to the second member.
第二摩擦层 20和第一摩擦层 10之间所形成的拱形间隙的最大高度 d主要取决于在使用时的风力大小和第二部件整体的弹性, 只要施加到 发电机上的风力能够使第二部件发生足够程度的弹性形变, 从而第二摩 擦层 20可以与第一摩擦层 10发生部分接触即可。 实验结果显示, 在接 触面积相同的情况下, d值增加, 可以提高发电机的输出性能, 优选 d 值在 0.1mm-5mm之间, 更优选在 0.2mm-3mm。 因此, 提高第二部件的 弹性无疑是优化发电机性能的一个重要途径。 The maximum height d of the arched gap formed between the second friction layer 20 and the first friction layer 10 depends mainly on the magnitude of the wind force in use and the overall elasticity of the second component, as long as the wind applied to the generator can make the first The two members undergo a sufficient degree of elastic deformation so that the second friction layer 20 can be partially in contact with the first friction layer 10. The experimental results show that the d value is increased in the case where the contact area is the same, and the output performance of the generator can be improved. Preferably, the d value is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 0.2 mm and 3 mm. Therefore, increasing the flexibility of the second component is undoubtedly an important way to optimize the performance of the generator.
对于第二部件的固定方式, 虽然图 1 示出的是通过第二摩擦层 20 的两端固定在第一摩擦层 10 的上表面两侧, 但实际上该固定位置并没 有特殊限定, 为了提高固定的牢靠度, 还可以将第二摩擦层 20 的两端 夹在第一摩擦层 10和第一导电元件 11之间, 或是夹在第一导电元件和 其他的支撑部件之间, 如果有外加的支撑部件的话。 固定的方式可以直 接采用粘合或外加夹合部件。对于第一部件和 /或第二部件中还包含例如 支撑层等附加部件时, 还可以通过这些附加部件来进行固定。 For the fixing manner of the second member, although FIG. 1 shows that both ends of the second friction layer 20 are fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the first friction layer 10, the fixing position is not particularly limited, in order to improve The fixedness of the second friction layer 20 may be sandwiched between the first friction layer 10 and the first conductive element 11 or sandwiched between the first conductive element and other support members, if any Additional support parts. The fixed method can be used directly with bonded or externally clamped parts. When additional components such as a support layer are also included in the first member and/or the second member, they can also be fixed by these additional members.
第一摩擦层 10可以是硬质材料, 也可以选择柔性材料, 因为其平 面的保持并不必须仅依靠其自身的特性, 还可以借助第一导电元件 11 或实际应用时的安装环境来实现, 其厚度对本发明的实施没有显著影响, 本发明优选第一摩擦层 10 为薄膜或薄层, 厚度为 10nm-5mm, 优选 100nm-2mm。 The first friction layer 10 may be a hard material or a flexible material, because the planar retention does not have to rely solely on its own characteristics, but can also be achieved by means of the first conductive element 11 or the installation environment in actual application. The thickness thereof has no significant effect on the practice of the present invention. Preferably, the first friction layer 10 is a film or a thin layer having a thickness of from 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 2 mm.
第一导电元件 11和第二导电元件 21作为发电机的两个电极, 只要 具备能够导电的特性即可, 可选自金属、 导电氧化物或导电有机物。 常 用的金属包括金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及由上述金属 形成的合金; 常用的导电氧化物包括铟锡氧化物 ITO和离子掺杂型的半 导体; 导电有机物一般为导电高分子, 包括自聚吡咯、 聚苯硫醚、 聚酞 菁类化合物、 聚苯胺和 /或聚噻吩。 The first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 serve as two electrodes of the generator, and may be selected from metals, conductive oxides or conductive organic substances as long as they have characteristics capable of conducting electricity. Commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals; commonly used conductive oxides include indium tin oxide ITO and ion doped semiconductors; The organic substance is generally a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.
对第一导电元件 11 的厚度没有特别限定, 可选范围为 lOnm-lcm,
优选为 50nm-2mm, 优选为 lOOnm-lmm; 而第二导电元件 21优选为薄 层或薄膜, 以使其具有更好的弯曲弹性, 优选厚度为 lOnm-lmm, 更优 选 500ηπι-500μπι。 导电元件最好与相应的摩擦层表面紧密接触, 以保证 电荷的传输效率, 较好的方式是将导电材料通过沉积的方式在相应摩擦 层的表面成膜; 具体的沉积方法可以为电子束蒸发、 溶液电镀、 等离子 体溅射、 磁控溅射或蒸镀。 The thickness of the first conductive member 11 is not particularly limited, and an optional range is lOnm-lcm. Preferably, it is from 50 nm to 2 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 1 mm; and the second conductive member 21 is preferably a thin layer or a film to have a better flexural elasticity, preferably having a thickness of from 10 nm to 1 mm, more preferably from 500 nm to 500 μm. Preferably, the conductive element is in close contact with the surface of the corresponding friction layer to ensure the efficiency of charge transfer. Preferably, the conductive material is deposited on the surface of the corresponding friction layer by deposition; the specific deposition method may be electron beam evaporation. , solution plating, plasma sputtering, magnetron sputtering or evaporation.
第一导电元件 11和第二导电元件 21与外电路连接的方式可以是通 过导线或金属薄膜与外电路连接。 The first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 may be connected to the external circuit in such a manner as to be connected to the external circuit through a wire or a metal film.
为了保证本发电机的机械强度, 可以在第一导电元件的下表面和 / 或第二导电元件的上表面接触设置支撑层, 优选为绝缘材料或半导体材 料, 例如塑料板、 硅片或硅薄层等。 In order to ensure the mechanical strength of the generator, a support layer may be provided in contact with the lower surface of the first conductive element and/or the upper surface of the second conductive element, preferably an insulating material or a semiconductor material, such as a plastic plate, a silicon wafer or a silicon thin film. Layers, etc.
图 4为本发明风力纳米发电机的另一种典型结构。 该发电机由 1个 图 1所示的纳米发电机和一块挡板 30组成, 具体结构包括第一部件、 能够发生弹性弯曲形变的第二部件和挡板 30,其中第一部件包括第一导 电元件 11和与所述第一导电元件 11上表面接触放置的第一摩擦层 10, 第二部件包括与所述第一摩擦层 10对面放置的第二摩擦层 20、 与第二 摩擦层 20上表面固定接触放置的第二导电元件 21 ; 其中第二部件为一 曲面并通过两端固定在第一部件中第一摩擦层 10 的上表面, 从而使第 二摩擦层 20的下表面和第一摩擦层 10的上表面之间形成拱形空隙; 所 述挡板 30 与弯曲的第二部件面对面间隔放置, 使所述第二部件位于所 述挡板 30和所述第一部件之间, 并且在所述第二部件和挡板 30之间形 成气流通道。 当有气流通过该气流通道时, 由于第二部件是弯曲的, 而 且具有弹性可变形性, 会使得通过的气流在该气道中形成逆压力降, 从 而对空气动力产生影响 (参见图 5-a), 这种影响反过来再作用于第二部 件的弹性形变使之发生变化(参见图 5-b), 这样就构成了一种结构变形 与空气动力交互作用的所谓气动弹性现象, 使得第二摩擦层 20 发生周 期性并不明显的形变, 即为颤振, 与在风中的旗帜飘动飞扬的现象极为 类似。 在颤振的过程中, 第二摩擦层 20完成了与第一摩擦层 10的局部 接触-分离过程 (如 A点从接触到分离, B点从分离到接触), 从而使得
在第一导电元件 11和第二导电元件 21之间有电信号产生并向外电路输 送。形成颤振的基本因素是空气动力、弹性力和惯性力三者的耦合作用, 其中弹性力和惯性力是与材料本身的性质所决定的, 当颤振的频率与第 二部件,特别是第二摩擦层 20和 /或第二导电元件 21本身的固有频率相 同时, 会形成共振, 使得第二部件的颤振振幅达到最大, 纳米发电机产 生的电信号也最强。 4 is another typical structure of a wind nanogenerator of the present invention. The generator consists of a nanogenerator and a baffle 30 as shown in Fig. 1. The specific structure comprises a first component, a second component capable of elastically deforming and a baffle 30, wherein the first component comprises a first conductive An element 11 and a first friction layer 10 placed in contact with an upper surface of the first conductive element 11, the second member including a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10, and a second friction layer 20 The second conductive member 21 is placed in contact with the surface; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, so that the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the first surface An arched void is formed between the upper surfaces of the friction layer 10; the baffle 30 is spaced face to face with the curved second member such that the second member is positioned between the baffle 30 and the first member, and An air flow passage is formed between the second member and the baffle 30. When there is airflow through the airflow passage, the second component is curved and has elastic deformability, which causes the passing airflow to form a reverse pressure drop in the airway, thereby affecting the aerodynamic force (see Figure 5-a). ), this effect, in turn, acts on the elastic deformation of the second component to change it (see Figure 5-b), which constitutes a so-called aeroelastic phenomenon in which structural deformation interacts with aerodynamic forces, making the second The friction layer 20 undergoes a periodic deformation that is not noticeable, that is, flutter, which is very similar to the phenomenon in which the flag flutters in the wind. During the chattering process, the second friction layer 20 completes a partial contact-separation process with the first friction layer 10 (eg, point A from contact to separation, point B from separation to contact), thereby An electrical signal is generated between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 and delivered to the external circuit. The basic factors for the formation of flutter are the coupling of aerodynamic forces, elastic forces and inertial forces, where the elastic and inertial forces are determined by the nature of the material itself, when the frequency of the flutter is related to the second component, especially When the natural frequencies of the two friction layers 20 and/or the second conductive element 21 are the same, resonance is formed such that the flutter amplitude of the second component is maximized and the electrical signal generated by the nanogenerator is also strongest.
图 1和图 3所示的实施方式中对第一摩擦层 10、第一导电元件 11、 第二摩擦层 20和第二导电元件 21的各种限定都适合图 4所示的发电机 组, 因此不再赘述。 本发电机中挡板 30与第二导电元件 21之间的间距 D! , 主要是由第二部件的弹性模量和第二部件的厚度共同决定的, 可选 范围为 l( m-lcm, 优选 100μπι-2πιπι, 优选为 500μπι-1πιπι。 The various definitions of the first friction layer 10, the first conductive element 11, the second friction layer 20, and the second conductive element 21 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 are suitable for the generator set shown in FIG. No longer. The spacing D! between the baffle 30 and the second conductive element 21 in the generator is mainly determined by the modulus of elasticity of the second component and the thickness of the second component, and the selectable range is l (m-lcm, It is preferably 100 μπι-2πιπι, preferably 500 μπι-1πιπι.
挡板 30 的作用仅仅是提供一个气体流动的阻挡部件, 可以选用各 种材料, 例如绝缘材料、 半导体、 导体。 对其厚度也没有限定, 可以是 厚板, 也可以是薄板或薄层, 最好为硬质的, 整体具有一定强度的弹性 材料也可以。 还可以在其面对第二导电元件 21 的一侧的表面制作立体 结构或增设辅助部件, 以调整气流的湍流程度, 使第二摩擦层 20 和第 二导电元件 21 的颤振幅度和频率增加, 改善发电机的输出性能。 立体 结构和辅助部件的选择可以根据气体动力学的原理来设计, 例如设置多 个凸起或导流槽。 The purpose of the baffle 30 is simply to provide a barrier to gas flow, and various materials such as insulating materials, semiconductors, and conductors can be used. The thickness is not limited, and may be a thick plate, a thin plate or a thin layer, preferably a hard material, or an elastic material having a certain strength as a whole. It is also possible to make a three-dimensional structure or an auxiliary component on the surface of the side facing the second conductive member 21 to adjust the degree of turbulence of the airflow, so that the amplitude and frequency of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 are increased. , improve the output performance of the generator. The choice of the three-dimensional structure and the auxiliary components can be designed according to the principles of gas dynamics, such as the provision of a plurality of projections or channels.
图 6为本发明风力纳米发电机组的一种典型结构。 该发电机组由 2 个图 1所示的纳米发电机组成, 具体结构为: 由 2个发电机单元构成, 其中所述发电机单元包括第一部件和能够发生弹性弯曲形变的第二部 件, 其中第一部件包括第一导电元件 11、 与所述第一导电元件上表面直 接贴合的第一摩擦层 10, 第二部件包括与所述第一摩擦层 10对面放置 的第二摩擦层 20、与第二摩擦层 20上表面直接贴合的第二导电元件 21 ; 其中第二部件为一曲面并通过两端固定在第一部件中第一摩擦层 10 的 上表面, 从而使第二摩擦层 20的下表面和第一摩擦层 10的上表面之间 形成拱形空隙; 所述 2个发电机单元相对放置, 使两个第二导电元件 21 面对面并有一定间隔, 该间隔即为气流通道。 与图 4所示的实施方式类
似, 由于该气流通道表面的不平整性和第二部件的可弹性弯曲变形性, 使得 2个发电机单元中的第二部件在气流通过时都会发生颤振现象, 从 而实现了第二摩擦层 20与第一摩擦层 10局部的接触-分离过程(参见图 7), 因此在 2个第一导电元件 11和第二导电元件 21之间均有电信号产 生并向外电路输送。 同样, 当颤振的频率与第二部件, 尤其是与第二摩 擦层 20和 /或第二导电元件 21本身的固有频率相同时, 会形成共振, 使 得第二部件的颤振振幅达到最大, 纳米发电机产生的电信号也最强。 Figure 6 is a typical structure of a wind nanogenerator set of the present invention. The generator set is composed of two nano-generators as shown in FIG. 1, and the specific structure is: composed of two generator units, wherein the generator unit includes a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein The first component includes a first conductive element 11 , a first friction layer 10 directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element, and a second component including a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10 , a second conductive member 21 directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer 20; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, thereby making the second friction layer An arcuate gap is formed between the lower surface of the first friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10; the two generator units are oppositely disposed such that the two second conductive elements 21 face each other with a certain interval, and the interval is an air flow passage . With the embodiment shown in Figure 4 Similarly, due to the unevenness of the surface of the air flow passage and the elastic bending deformation of the second member, the second member of the two generator units vibrates when the airflow passes, thereby realizing the second friction layer. 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10 in a partial contact-separation process (see Fig. 7), so that an electrical signal is generated between the two first conductive elements 11 and the second conductive element 21 and is delivered to the external circuit. Similarly, when the frequency of the dither is the same as the natural frequency of the second component, particularly the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive element 21 itself, resonance is formed such that the flutter amplitude of the second component is maximized, Nano-generators also produce the strongest electrical signals.
组成该发电机组的两个纳米发电机单元可以完全相同, 也可以不同。 使用不同的发电机尤其适用于气体流速会发生变化的情况, 因为气体流 速会影响第二部件的颤振频率, 可以通过设计使得其中的一个发电机第 二部件的固有频率与高气体流速下形成的颤振频率相同或接近, 而另一 个发电机则具有固有频率与低气体流速下形成的颤振频率相同或相近 的第二部件。 这样能够使发电机的电信号在不同气体流速下都能够达到 比较优化的状态。 The two nanogenerator units that make up the generator set can be identical or different. The use of different generators is especially useful in situations where the gas flow rate changes, as the gas flow rate affects the dither frequency of the second component and can be designed to create a natural frequency of the second component of the generator and a high gas flow rate. The dither frequency is the same or close, while the other generator has a second component having a natural frequency that is the same or similar to the dither frequency formed at the low gas flow rate. This enables the electrical signal of the generator to achieve a more optimized state at different gas flow rates.
本发电机组中两个发电机单元之间的间距 D2,主要是由两个发电机 单元第二部件的弹性模量和第二部件的厚度共同决定的, 可选范围为 10μπι-5οπι, 优选 ΙΟΟμπι-lmm, 优选为 500μπι-5πιπι。 The spacing D 2 between the two generator units in the generator set is mainly determined by the modulus of elasticity of the second component of the two generator units and the thickness of the second component, and the range of options is 10 μπι-5οπι, preferably ΙΟΟμπι-lmm, preferably 500μπι-5πιπι.
图 8是本发明发电机组的另一种典型实施方式, 由 3个图 6所示的 发电机组纵向叠加而成, 并且在每两个图 6所示的发电机组之间加入绝 缘部件 40, 使相邻的两个第一导电元件 11形成绝缘连接。 该绝缘部件 40可以采用常规的各种绝缘材料, 最好具有一定的硬度或弹性, 使其能 够实现隔离功能。 其形式可以为板或膜, 形状可以为条状、 柱状 (参见 图 8-b), 还可以与第一导电元件 11 的形状相同 (参见图 8-a), 尺寸和 数量本领域的技术人员可以根据具体情况来选择, 只要满足能够隔离相 邻导电元件的条件即可。 Figure 8 is another exemplary embodiment of the generator set of the present invention, which is formed by vertically stacking three generator sets shown in Figure 6 and incorporating an insulating member 40 between each of the two generator sets shown in Figure 6 The adjacent two first conductive elements 11 form an insulating connection. The insulating member 40 can be made of various conventional insulating materials, preferably having a certain hardness or elasticity, so that it can be isolated. It may be in the form of a plate or a film, and may have a strip shape or a column shape (see Fig. 8-b), and may also have the same shape as the first conductive member 11 (see Fig. 8-a), size and number of those skilled in the art. It can be selected according to the specific situation as long as the conditions capable of isolating adjacent conductive elements are satisfied.
本实施方式中, 3个发电机组的叠加方式有很多种, 其中图 8-a中 示出的是所有 3个发电机组上下平行并且同向的叠加成一列的情况; 图 8-b示出的也是 3个发电机组上下平行叠加成一列, 但是中间的发电机 组方向与其他的两个发电机组垂直, 这种方式更适合气流来自不同方向
的情况。 因为本发明的发电机在气流方向与发电机方向相同时, 具有最 大的发电效率。 所以, 可以根据气流的方向, 将叠加的发电机按照不同 的方向摆放, 则可以使气流方向发生变化时, 仍然能够最大效率的驱动 部分发电机, 使发电机组能保证有电流输出。 很显然, 虽然图 8-b仅示 出了不同发电机的方向垂直的情况, 但实际上各发电机的方向是可以根 据需要形成任何角度的, 这在实际操作过程中并没有任何技术难点, 因 此这些变形都在本申请的保护范围内。 In this embodiment, there are many ways to superimpose three generator sets, wherein the case where all three generator sets are vertically parallel and merged in one row is shown in FIG. 8-a; FIG. 8-b shows It is also that the three generator sets are stacked in parallel in parallel, but the direction of the middle generator set is perpendicular to the other two generator sets. This method is more suitable for airflow from different directions. Case. Since the generator of the present invention has the same power generation efficiency when the direction of the airflow is the same as the direction of the generator. Therefore, according to the direction of the airflow, the superposed generators can be placed in different directions, so that when the direction of the airflow changes, the partial generator can still be driven with maximum efficiency, so that the generator set can ensure current output. Obviously, although Figure 8-b only shows the vertical direction of different generators, in fact, the direction of each generator can be formed at any angle according to needs, which does not have any technical difficulties in the actual operation. Therefore, these variations are within the scope of protection of the present application.
虽然图 8所示出的各发电机的尺寸、 材料组成都相同, 但是因为各 发电机其实是独立工作, 所以各发电机完全可以采用不同的材料和尺寸, 以满足不同负载对电信号的输出要求。 而且组成发电机组的发电机的数 目也是可以自由调整的, 可以是单数, 也可以是奇数, 并不必须限定发 电机组的两端一定是以第一导电元件 11 为终点, 也可以以弯曲的第二 导电元件 21为终点。 Although the size and material composition of each generator shown in Figure 8 are the same, because each generator actually works independently, each generator can be made of different materials and sizes to meet the output of different loads. Claim. Moreover, the number of generators constituting the generator set is also freely adjustable, and may be singular or odd. It is not necessary to limit the two ends of the genset to be the end point of the first conductive element 11, or may be curved. The two conductive elements 21 are the end points.
图 9是本发明发电机组的另一种典型实施方式, 主要结构与图 8-a 所示的实施例相同, 区别在于相对的 2 个发电机单元的第一摩擦层 10 不是互相平行放置, 而是形成一定的角度, 相邻的两个发电机单元之间 依然用绝缘部件 40 实现绝缘连接。 该设计的优势在于可以增加对不同 方向的气流的利用率。 为了形成有效的气流通道, 面对面放置的 2个第 一摩擦层 10 之间形成的角度应为锐角。 根据不同的需要, 各发电机的 叠加方向也可以不同, 类似于图 8-b的结构。 可见, 针对图 8所示发电 机组的各种描述都适用于图 9所示的实施方式, 此处不再赘述。 Figure 9 is another exemplary embodiment of the generator set of the present invention, the main structure is the same as the embodiment shown in Figure 8-a, except that the first friction layers 10 of the opposite two generator units are not placed parallel to each other, It is formed at a certain angle, and the insulating connection is still achieved by the insulating member 40 between the adjacent two generator units. The advantage of this design is that it can increase the utilization of airflow in different directions. In order to form an effective air flow passage, the angle formed between the two first friction layers 10 placed face to face should be an acute angle. The superposition direction of each generator can also be different according to different needs, similar to the structure of Figure 8-b. It can be seen that various descriptions of the power generating unit shown in FIG. 8 are applicable to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and details are not described herein again.
图 10和图 11是本发明发电机组的另外两种典型实施方式, 分别与 图 8和图 9所示的实施方式类似, 区别仅在于每个发电机的第一摩擦层 10为导电材料, 因此省略了第一导电元件 11 的设置, 在相邻的两个第 一导电元件 11之间也用绝缘部件 40形成绝缘连接。 对于图 8和图 9的 各种限定均适用于图 10和图 11所示的实施方式。 10 and 11 are two other typical embodiments of the generator set of the present invention, similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively, except that the first friction layer 10 of each generator is a conductive material, The arrangement of the first conductive elements 11 is omitted, and an insulating connection is also formed between the adjacent two first conductive elements 11 by the insulating member 40. The various definitions of Figs. 8 and 9 are applicable to the embodiments shown in Figs. 10 and 11.
图 12 示出了一种结构更为简单的发电机组, 该发电机组由多个图 3-a所示的发电机组成, 具体为: 由 2个发电机以第二导电元件 21对面 间隔的方式放置形成一个发电机组单元, 多个这样的发电机组单元纵向
叠加、 并且将相互接触的 2个由导电材料制成的第一摩擦层合二为一, 即相邻的两个发电机组单元共用一个第一摩擦层 102。 为了防止在该共 用的第一摩擦层 102的两个表面所产生的接触电荷由于电性相异而互相 中和,应确保该共用的第一摩擦层 102与其两侧的第二摩擦层 202和 203 相比, 具有相同的摩擦电极序趋势, 即如果第一摩擦层 102相比于其上 侧的第二摩擦层 202具有较正的摩擦电极序, 那么相对于其下侧的第二 摩擦层 203也具有较正的摩擦电极序。 图 12中有 2类第二摩擦层, 分 别是在两端发电机上的第二摩擦层 201, 和共用一个第一摩擦层 102的 发电机中的第二摩擦层 202和 203 ; 也存在 2类第一摩擦层, 分别是位 于两端的发电机上的第一摩擦层 101和被两个发电机共用的第一摩擦层 102。 其中, 第一摩擦层 101和 102对材料的选择没有相关性, 二者可 以相同也可以不同, 特别是处于两端的第一摩擦层 101还可以使用非导 电材料, 但是被共用的第一摩擦层 102则必须为导电材料。 同时, 两端 发电机上的第二摩擦层 201与中间发电机上的第二摩擦层 202和 203在 材料选择上也没有相关性, 优选第二摩擦层 202和 203的材料相同。 Figure 12 shows a more simple genset consisting of a plurality of generators as shown in Figure 3-a, in particular: by two generators spaced apart by a second conductive element 21 Placed to form a genset unit, multiple such genset units longitudinally The first friction layers made of electrically conductive material are superimposed and combined into one, that is, two adjacent genset units share one first friction layer 102. In order to prevent the contact charges generated on the two surfaces of the common first friction layer 102 from neutralizing each other due to electrical differences, the common first friction layer 102 and the second friction layer 202 on both sides thereof should be secured. 203 has the same friction electrode sequence tendency, that is, if the first friction layer 102 has a more positive friction electrode sequence than the upper second friction layer 202, then the second friction layer relative to the lower side thereof 203 also has a more correct friction electrode sequence. There are two types of second friction layers in Fig. 12, which are the second friction layer 201 on the generators at both ends, and the second friction layers 202 and 203 in the generator sharing the first friction layer 102; The first friction layer is a first friction layer 101 on the generators at both ends and a first friction layer 102 shared by the two generators, respectively. Wherein, the first friction layers 101 and 102 have no correlation with the selection of materials, and the two may be the same or different. In particular, the first friction layer 101 at both ends may also use a non-conductive material, but the first friction layer is shared. 102 must be a conductive material. At the same time, there is no correlation in the material selection between the second friction layer 201 on the generators at both ends and the second friction layers 202 and 203 on the intermediate generator. Preferably, the materials of the second friction layers 202 and 203 are the same.
图 13是本发明风力发电机的另一种典型实施方式, 与图 1所示的 结构基本相同, 区别仅在于图 1所示的发电机的第二部件是两端固定在 第一部件上, 而本实施例中的第二部件则仅有一端固定在第一部件上, 另一端为自由端, 具体为: 包括第一部件和能够发生弹性弯曲形变的第 二部件,其中第一部件包括第一导电元件 11,和与所述第一导电元件 11 上表面直接贴合的第一摩擦层 10; 第二部件包括第二摩擦层 20, 和与 所述第二摩擦层上表面直接贴合的第二导电元件 21 ;第二部件的一端与 第一部件相对固定, 并且第一摩擦层 10和第二摩擦层 20面对面; 在风 力的作用下至少部分第一摩擦层 10的上表面与第二摩擦层 20的下表面 形成接触-分离循环,并通过所述第一导电元件和第二导电元件向外电路 输出电信号。 本实施例的第二部件整体具有可弯曲形变的弹性, 当其一 端固定、 另一端可自由运动时, 能够与作用于其表面的风力发生相互作 用,从而产生颤振现象,造成第二摩擦层 20与第一摩擦层 10的接触 (图 13-b) 与分离 (图 13-a) 循环。
很显然, 图 1所示的实施例中对第一部件和第二部件中各组成部分 的材料和结构的限定同样适用于本实施例的发电机, 而且当第一摩擦层Figure 13 is another exemplary embodiment of the wind power generator of the present invention, which is basically the same as the structure shown in Figure 1, except that the second component of the generator shown in Figure 1 is fixed at both ends to the first component. The second component in this embodiment has only one end fixed to the first component, and the other end is a free end, specifically: comprising a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein the first component includes the first component a conductive element 11 and a first friction layer 10 directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element 11; the second member includes a second friction layer 20, and directly adheres to the upper surface of the second friction layer a second conductive member 21; one end of the second member is relatively fixed to the first member, and the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 face each other; at least a portion of the upper surface and the second portion of the first friction layer 10 under the action of the wind The lower surface of the friction layer 20 forms a contact-separation cycle and outputs an electrical signal to the outer circuit through the first conductive element and the second conductive element. The second member of the present embodiment has a bendable elastic property as a whole, and when one end is fixed and the other end is free to move, it can interact with the wind force acting on the surface thereof to generate a chattering phenomenon, resulting in a second friction layer. 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10 (Fig. 13-b) and separated (Fig. 13-a). It is apparent that the definition of the material and structure of the components of the first component and the second component in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is equally applicable to the generator of the present embodiment, and when the first friction layer
10或第二摩擦层 20为导电材料时, 本实施例的发电机也可以做成类似 图 3所示的结构, 只是将第二部件的两端固定改为一端固定即可。 When the 10 or the second friction layer 20 is a conductive material, the generator of the present embodiment can also be constructed similarly to the structure shown in Fig. 3, except that the two ends of the second member are fixed to one end and fixed.
对于图 4至图 12所示的实施例, 也可以用图 13所示的发电机代替 图 1所示的发电机来构成, 但是需要注意在制作图 7至图 12所示的结 构时, 面对面放置的两个发电机的第二部件的固定端应在同一侧, 避免 两个第二部件的自由端在运动的过程中相互影响。 For the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 12, it is also possible to use the generator shown in FIG. 13 instead of the generator shown in FIG. 1, but it is necessary to pay attention to the face-to-face when the structure shown in FIGS. 7 to 12 is produced. The fixed ends of the second components of the two generators placed should be on the same side, avoiding the free ends of the two second components interacting during the movement.
对于上述所有实施方式, 为了方便使用, 并增加发电机和发电机组 的机械强度, 延长其使用寿命, 还可以在第一导电元件 11 与第一摩擦 层 10 相对的另一表面上设置柔性或硬性支撑元件。 对于支撑元件的材 料没有特别限定, 优选使用半导体或绝缘体。 同样, 在第二导电元件 21 上没有摩擦材料的另一表面也可以设置柔性的支撑元件, 优选该支撑元 件具有弹性, 以不影响第二摩擦层 20和第二导电元件 21的弹性弯曲形 变。 实施例 1 For all the above embodiments, for the convenience of use, and increasing the mechanical strength of the generator and the generator set, and prolonging the service life thereof, it is also possible to provide flexibility or rigidity on the other surface of the first conductive member 11 opposite to the first friction layer 10. Supporting element. The material of the supporting member is not particularly limited, and a semiconductor or an insulator is preferably used. Likewise, the other surface of the second conductive element 21 without the friction material may also be provided with a flexible support member, preferably the support member is resilient so as not to affect the elastic bending deformation of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21. Example 1
第一导电元件采用厚度为 1mm 的金属铜板, 在其上涂覆一层厚度 为 25 微米的特氟龙 (聚四氟乙烯) 薄膜作为第一摩擦层, 第二摩擦层 和第二导电元件采用厚度为 40μπι、 长 5cm、 宽 3cm的金属铝薄膜层, 将该薄膜层的两端固定在特氟龙层上表面的两侧, 使得在金属铝层和特 氟龙层之间形成高度约为 2mm 的拱形空隙。 将金属铜薄膜层和金属铝 层通过导线连接到外电路上, 吹风机沿发电机方向提供气流, 流速约为 5m/s, 可以明显看到金属铝薄膜层发生颤振, 使其和特氟龙层之间不断 的形成接触 -分离循环, 能够驱动 80盏商用 LED灯泡发光, 具体见图 14所示的照片。 The first conductive member is made of a metal copper plate having a thickness of 1 mm, and a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film having a thickness of 25 μm is coated thereon as a first friction layer, and the second friction layer and the second conductive member are used. a metal aluminum film layer having a thickness of 40 μm, a length of 5 cm, and a width of 3 cm, wherein both ends of the film layer are fixed on both sides of the upper surface of the Teflon layer, so that a height is formed between the metal aluminum layer and the Teflon layer. 2mm arched void. The metal copper film layer and the metal aluminum layer are connected to the external circuit through wires, and the air blower provides airflow in the direction of the generator. The flow rate is about 5 m/s, and the flutter of the metal aluminum film layer can be clearly seen, and the Teflon layer is formed. A continuous contact-separation cycle is formed between the 80-inch commercial LED bulbs, as shown in Figure 14.
由于聚四氟乙烯在摩擦电极序中具有极负的极性, 而金属铝在电极 序中的极性较正, 本实施例的材料组合有利于提高摩擦纳米发电机的输 出。
实施例 2: Since the polytetrafluoroethylene has a very negative polarity in the friction electrode sequence, and the polarity of the metal aluminum in the electrode sequence is relatively positive, the material combination of the present embodiment is advantageous for increasing the output of the friction nanogenerator. Example 2:
第一摩擦层采用特氟龙 (聚四氟乙烯) 薄膜, 第一导电元件采用厚 度为 200nm的金属铜薄膜,以磁控溅射的方法将第一导电原件沉积到第 一摩擦层上。 第二摩擦层和第二导电原件采用厚度为 200nm, 长 5cm, 宽 2.5cm的金属铝薄膜层, 以磁控溅射的方法将该第二摩擦层和第二导 电原件沉积在厚度为 25μπι的高分子基底上。 该基底为聚酰亚胺薄膜, 长度和宽度和金属铝薄膜层一致。 采用激光切割制备高度为 2mm, 长 2.5cm, 宽 2mm的有机玻璃长条, 将该长条固定在特氟龙层上表面。 将 沉积有金属铝薄膜层的聚酰亚胺薄膜的一端固定在该长条上表面。 将金 属铜薄膜层和金属铝层通过导线连接到外电路上, 吹风机沿发电机方向 提供气流, 流速约为 5m/s, 可以明显看到金属铝薄膜层发生颤振, 使其 和特氟龙层之间不断的形成接触 -分离循环。 The first friction layer is made of a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film, and the first conductive member is made of a metal copper film having a thickness of 200 nm, and the first conductive member is deposited on the first friction layer by magnetron sputtering. The second friction layer and the second conductive element are made of a metal aluminum film layer having a thickness of 200 nm, a length of 5 cm, and a width of 2.5 cm, and the second friction layer and the second conductive element are deposited by magnetron sputtering at a thickness of 25 μm. On the polymer substrate. The substrate is a polyimide film having a length and width consistent with the metallic aluminum film layer. A plexiglass strip having a height of 2 mm, a length of 2.5 cm, and a width of 2 mm was prepared by laser cutting, and the strip was fixed on the upper surface of the Teflon layer. One end of a polyimide film on which a metal aluminum thin film layer is deposited is fixed on the upper surface of the strip. The metal copper film layer and the metal aluminum layer are connected to the external circuit through wires, and the air blower provides airflow in the direction of the generator. The flow rate is about 5 m/s, and the flutter of the metal aluminum film layer can be clearly seen, and the Teflon layer is formed. A contact-separation cycle is constantly formed between.
实施例 3 Example 3
以厚度为 100微米的聚二甲基硅氧垸 (英文简写为 PDMS) 作为第 二摩擦层,在其上通过磁控溅射的方式沉积一层厚度约为 lOOnm的金属 金膜, 作为第二导电元件。 以厚度为 500μπι的硅片作为第一摩擦层, 其 下表面为沉积上的一层金属银膜, 厚度约 100nm。 将硅片的另一侧旋转 涂覆上一层光刻胶, 利用光刻的方法在光刻胶上形成边长在微米或次微 米量级的正方形窗口阵列; 将光刻完成后的硅片经过热氢氧化钾的化学 刻蚀, 在窗口处形成金字塔形的凹陷结构阵列。而当硅片与 PDMS两种 材料在气流的作用下接触时, 由于 PDMS具有较好的弹性, 其能够进入 并填充硅片表面的凹陷结构, 从而增大了与硅片之间的摩擦接触面积, 可以获得更好的电输出效果。 A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) having a thickness of 100 μm is used as a second friction layer on which a metal gold film having a thickness of about 100 nm is deposited by magnetron sputtering as a second Conductive component. A silicon wafer having a thickness of 500 μm is used as the first friction layer, and a lower surface thereof is a deposited metal silver film having a thickness of about 100 nm. The other side of the silicon wafer is spin-coated with a layer of photoresist, and a square window array having a side length of micrometer or submicron is formed on the photoresist by photolithography; After chemical etching of the hot potassium hydroxide, an array of pyramid-shaped recessed structures is formed at the window. When the silicon wafer and the PDMS material are contacted by the air current, since the PDMS has good elasticity, it can enter and fill the concave structure on the surface of the silicon wafer, thereby increasing the frictional contact area with the silicon wafer. , you can get better electrical output.
实施例 4 Example 4
本实施例在实施例 1的基础上仅对聚四氟乙烯薄膜做改性, 其他均 与实施例 1相同, 此处不再赘述。 在聚四氟乙烯薄膜表面采用电感耦合 等离子体刻蚀方法制备纳米线阵列, 首先在聚四氟乙烯表面用溅射仪沉 积约 10 纳米厚的金, 之后, 将聚四氟乙烯薄膜放入电感耦合等离子体 刻蚀机中, 对沉积有金的一面进行刻蚀, 通入 02、 Ar和 CF4气体, 流
量分别控制在 10sccm、 15sccm和 30sccm, 压强控制在 15mTorr, 工作 温度控制在 55°C, 用 400瓦的功率来产生等离子体, 100瓦的功率来加 速等离子体, 进行约 5分钟的刻蚀, 得到基本垂直于绝缘薄膜层的长度 约为 1.5微米的高分子聚四氟乙烯纳米棒阵列。 In this embodiment, only the polytetrafluoroethylene film is modified on the basis of the first embodiment, and the others are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein again. The nanowire array was prepared by inductively coupled plasma etching on the surface of the PTFE film. First, about 10 nm thick gold was deposited on the surface of the PTFE by a sputter, and then the PTFE film was placed in the inductor. In a coupled plasma etching machine, the side deposited with gold is etched, and 0 2 , Ar and CF 4 gases are introduced, and the flow is performed. The quantities are controlled at 10 sccm, 15 sccm and 30 sccm, the pressure is controlled at 15 mTorr, the operating temperature is controlled at 55 ° C, the plasma is generated with 400 watts of power, and the power is accelerated by 100 watts for about 5 minutes. A polymer polytetrafluoroethylene nanorod array having a length substantially perpendicular to the insulating film layer of about 1.5 μm was obtained.
实施例 5 Example 5
将 6个实施例 1中的发电机上下平行、 同向排列, 第一导电元件相 邻的两个发电机之间用 2mm厚的塑料板隔开, 并将第一导电元件用胶 粘合在塑料板的两侧, 从而构成一图 10所示的发电机组。 当气流沿着 发电机方向吹过该发电机组时, 各发电机同时工作, 均能独立地向外输 出电信号。 The generators of the six embodiments 1 are arranged in parallel and in the same direction, and the two generators adjacent to the first conductive element are separated by a 2 mm thick plastic plate, and the first conductive element is glued to the first conductive element. Both sides of the plastic plate constitute a generator set as shown in Fig. 10. When the airflow is blown through the generator set in the direction of the generator, the generators operate simultaneously, and each of the generators can independently output an electrical signal.
本发明的风力摩擦纳米发电机可以利用风动能使发电机产生电能, 为小型用电器提供电源, 而不需要电池等电源供电, 是一种使用方便的 发电机。另外,本发明的摩擦纳米发电机制备方法简便、制备成本低廉, 是一种应用范围广泛的摩擦纳米发电机和发电机组。 The wind friction nano-generator of the invention can use the wind to enable the generator to generate electric energy, provide power for the small-sized electric appliance, and does not need a power supply such as a battery, and is a convenient generator. In addition, the friction nano-generator of the invention is simple in preparation method and low in preparation cost, and is a friction nano-generator and a generator set with wide application range.
以上所述, 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形 式上的限制。 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员, 在不脱离本发明技术方案范 围情况下, 都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出 许多可能的变动和修饰, 或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。 因此, 凡是 未脱离本发明技术方案的内容, 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所 做的任何简单修改、 等同变化及修饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的 范围内。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, or modify the equivalents of equivalent changes without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. Example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications of the above embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
1、 一种风力摩擦纳米发电机, 包括第一部件和能够发生弹性弯曲 形变的第二部件, 其特征在于: 1. A wind friction nanogenerator, including a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, characterized by:
所述第一部件包括第一导电元件, 和与所述第一导电元件上表面直 接贴合的第一摩擦层; The first component includes a first conductive element, and a first friction layer directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element;
所述第二部件包括第二摩擦层, 和与所述第二摩擦层上表面直接贴 合的第二导电元件; The second component includes a second friction layer, and a second conductive element directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer;
所述第一部件和第二部件至少一端相对固定, 并且所述第一摩擦层 和第二摩擦层面对面; At least one end of the first component and the second component is relatively fixed, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer face each other;
在风力的作用下至少部分所述第一摩擦层的上表面与所述第二摩 擦层的下表面形成接触-分离循环,并通过所述第一导电元件和第二导电 元件向外电路输出电信号。 Under the action of wind force, at least part of the upper surface of the first friction layer forms a contact-separation cycle with the lower surface of the second friction layer, and outputs electricity to the external circuit through the first conductive element and the second conductive element. Signal.
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一摩擦层的 上表面材料和所述第二摩擦层的下表面材料之间有摩擦电极序差异。 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a friction electrode sequence difference between the upper surface material of the first friction layer and the lower surface material of the second friction layer.
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第二部件 的一端固定在第一部件上, 另一端为自由端。 3. The generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one end of the second component is fixed on the first component, and the other end is a free end.
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第二部件 的两端固定在第一部件上使所述第二摩擦层形成一曲面, 并且至少部分 所述第一摩擦层的上表面和所述第二摩擦层的下表面之间形成间隙。 4. The generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, both ends of the second component are fixed on the first component so that the second friction layer forms a curved surface, and at least part of the first component A gap is formed between the upper surface of the friction layer and the lower surface of the second friction layer.
5、如权利要求 1-4任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 还包括一挡 板, 所述挡板与所述第二部件面对面间隔放置, 使所述第二部件位于所 述挡板和所述第一部件之间。 5. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a baffle, the baffle and the second component are placed face-to-face and spaced apart, so that the second component is located on the between the baffle and the first component.
6、 如权利要求 5所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述挡板与所述第 一部件平行。
6. The generator according to claim 5, wherein the baffle is parallel to the first component.
7、 如权利要求 5或 6所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述挡板在面 向第二部件的表面上有立体结构或增设辅助部件。 7. The generator according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the baffle has a three-dimensional structure or additional auxiliary components on the surface facing the second component.
8、如权利要求 1-7任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第二部 件是弹性的, 杨氏模量在 lOMPa到 lOGPa之间。 8. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second component is elastic and has a Young's modulus between 10MPa and 10GPa.
9、如权利要求 1-8任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一摩 擦层和 /或第二摩擦层为绝缘材料或半导体材料。 9. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer are made of insulating material or semiconductor material.
10、 如权利要求 9所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述绝缘材料选自 聚四氟乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚酰亚胺、 聚二苯基丙垸碳酸酯、 聚对 苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 苯胺甲醛树脂、 聚甲醛、 乙基纤维素、 聚酰胺、 三 聚氰胺甲醛、 聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、 纤维素、 纤维素乙酸酯、 聚己二酸乙 二醇酯、 聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、 再生纤维海绵、 聚氨酯弹性体、 苯乙 烯丙烯共聚物、 苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、 人造纤维、 聚甲基丙烯酸酯、 聚 乙烯醇、 聚酯、 聚异丁烯、 聚氨酯柔性海绵、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、酚醛树脂、氯丁橡胶、丁二烯丙烯共聚物、天然橡胶、 聚丙烯腈、 聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈)、 聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐, 聚苯乙烯、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚碳酸酯、 液晶高分子聚合物、 聚氯丁二烯、 聚丙 烯腈、 聚双苯酚碳酸酯、 聚氯醚、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 聚偏二氯乙烯、 聚乙 烯、 聚丙烯、 聚氯乙烯和派瑞林; 所述的半导体材料选自硅、 锗、 第 III 和第 V族化合物、 第 II和第 VI族化合物、氧化物、 由 III-V族化合物和 II -VI族化合物组成的固溶体、 非晶态的玻璃半导体和有机半导体。 10. The generator according to claim 9, wherein the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polydiphenylpropylene carbonate, and polyethylene. Ethylene terephthalate, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethylcellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene adipate Glycol ester, polydiallyl phthalate, recycled fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, styrene butadiene copolymer, rayon, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly ester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, chloroprene rubber, butadiene propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(partial) Vinyl chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene glycol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, liquid crystal polymer, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, poly Bisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and parylene; the semiconductor material is selected from silicon, germanium, III and Group V compounds, Group II and VI compounds, oxides, solid solutions composed of Group III-V compounds and Group II-VI compounds, amorphous glass semiconductors and organic semiconductors.
11、 如权利要求 10所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述绝缘材料选 自聚苯乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚二苯基丙垸碳酸酯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙 二醇酯、 聚酰亚胺、 聚氯乙烯、 聚二甲基硅氧垸、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 聚四 氟乙烯和派瑞林; 所述第 III和第 V族化合物选自砷化镓和磷化镓; 所述
第 II和第 VI族化合物选自硫化镉和硫化锌; 所述氧化物选自锰、 铬、 铁 或铜的氧化物; 所述由 III- V族化合物和 π -νι族化合物组成的固溶体选 自镓铝砷和镓砷磷。 11. The generator according to claim 10, wherein the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpropylene carbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate. , polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and parylene; the Group III and V compounds are selected from gallium arsenide and phosphide Gallium; said The compounds of Groups II and VI are selected from cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide; the oxides are selected from manganese, chromium, iron or copper oxides; the solid solution composed of III-V compounds and π-νί compounds is selected from From gallium aluminum arsenic and gallium arsenic phosphorus.
12、 如权利要求 1-8任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一 摩擦层和 /或第二摩擦层为非导电氧化物、 半导体氧化物或复杂氧化物, 包括氧化硅、 氧化铝, 氧化锰、 氧化铬、 氧化铁、 氧化钛、 氧化铜、 氧 化锌、 Bi02或 Υ203。 12. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer are non-conductive oxides, semiconductor oxides or complex oxides, including oxides Silicon, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, Bi0 2 or Υ 2 0 3 .
13、如权利要求 1-12任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一 摩擦层上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面分布有微米或次微米量级的微 结构。 13. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer is distributed with microstructures in the order of microns or sub-microns. .
14、 如权利要求 13 所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述微结构选自 纳米线、 纳米管、 纳米颗粒、 纳米棒、 纳米沟槽、 微米沟槽、 纳米锥、 微米锥、 纳米球和微米球状结构。 14. The generator of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanogrooves, microgrooves, nanocones, microcones, and nanospheres. and micron spherical structures.
15、 如权利要求 13 所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一摩擦层 上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面有纳米材料的点缀或涂层。 15. The generator according to claim 13, wherein the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer is dotted or coated with nanomaterials.
16、如权利要求 1-15任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一 摩擦层上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面经过化学改性,使得在极性为正 的材料表面引入容易失去电子的官能团和 /或在极性为负的材料表面引 入容易得到电子的官能团。 16. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically modified so that when the polarity is positive Functional groups that can easily lose electrons are introduced on the surface of materials and/or functional groups that can easily gain electrons are introduced on the surface of materials with negative polarity.
17、如权利要求 1-16任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一 摩擦层上表面和 /或第二摩擦层的下表面经过化学改性,使得在极性为正 的材料表面引入正电荷和 /或在极性为负的材料表面引入负电荷。
17. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer is chemically modified so that when the polarity is positive Positive charges are introduced on the surface of materials and/or negative charges are introduced on the surface of materials with negative polarity.
18、如权利要求 9-17任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一 摩擦层为导电材料并且与所述第一导电元件合二为一, 或, 所述第二摩 擦层为导电材料并且与所述第二导电元件合二为一。 18. The generator according to any one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that, the first friction layer is made of conductive material and is integrated with the first conductive element, or, the second friction layer The layer is of electrically conductive material and is integrated with the second electrically conductive element.
19、 如权利要求 18所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 构成所述第一摩 擦层或第二摩擦层的所述导电材料选自金属和导电氧化物。 19. The generator according to claim 18, wherein the conductive material constituting the first friction layer or the second friction layer is selected from metals and conductive oxides.
20、如权利要求 19所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述金属选自金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及由上述金属形成的合金。 20. The generator of claim 19, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed of the above metals.
21、如权利要求 1-20任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一 导电元件和 /或第二导电元件选自金属和导电氧化物。 21. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are selected from metals and conductive oxides.
22、 如权利要求 21 所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 所述第一导电元 件和 /或第二导电元件选自金、 银、 铂、 铝、 镍、 铜、 钛、 铬或硒, 以及 由上述金属形成的合金。 22. The generator according to claim 21, wherein the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and Alloys formed from the above metals.
23、 如权利要求 1-22 任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 包括 1 个所述第一部件和 1个所述第 ;二部件。 23. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it includes one of the first components and one of the second components.
24、 如权利要求 1-22 任一项所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 包括 1 个所述第一部件和 2个所述第;二部件, 其中所述第一部件由导电的所述 第一摩擦层构成, 2个所述第二部件分别位于所述第一摩擦层的上下两 24. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it includes one first component and two second components, wherein the first component is made of conductive It is composed of a first friction layer, and the two second components are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the first friction layer.
25、 如权利要求 24所述的发电机, 其特征在于, 2个所述第二部件 中的第二摩擦层与所述第一摩擦层相比, 具有相同的摩擦电极序趋势。 25. The generator according to claim 24, wherein the second friction layer in the two second components has the same friction electrode sequence trend as the first friction layer.
26、一种风力摩擦纳米发电机组, 由 2个如权利要求 1-25任一项所
述的发电机构成, 其特征在于: 所述 2个发电机相对放置, 使两个第二 部件面对面并有一定间隔。 26. A wind friction nanogenerator unit, consisting of two as claimed in any one of claims 1-25 The generator configuration described above is characterized in that: the two generators are placed opposite each other, so that the two second components face each other and are separated by a certain distance.
27、 如权利要求 26所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 2个发电 机相同。 27. The generator set according to claim 26, characterized in that the two generators are the same.
28、 如权利要求 26或 27所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 2个 发电机的第一部件互相平行。 28. The generator set according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the first components of the two generators are parallel to each other.
29、 如权利要求 26或 27所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 2个 发电机的第一部件之间形成一夹角。 29. The generator set according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that an included angle is formed between the first components of the two generators.
30、 如权利要求 26-29任一项所述的发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 2个发电机的方向相同。 30. The generator set according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the directions of the two generators are the same.
31、一种层状风力发电机组,其特征在于,由 2个以上权利要求 26-30 任一项所述的发电机组纵向叠加构成, 并且在两个相邻发电机组的第一 部件之间设置连接件使二者相连。 31. A layered wind turbine generator set, characterized in that it is composed of two or more generator sets according to any one of claims 26-30, which are stacked longitudinally, and are arranged between the first components of two adjacent generator sets. Connectors connect the two.
32、 如权利要求 31 所述的层状风力发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 连接件由绝缘材料制成。 32. The layered wind turbine generator set according to claim 31, characterized in that the connecting piece is made of insulating material.
33、 如权利要求 31或 32所述的层状风力发电机组, 其特征在于, 所有所述发电机组的第一部件均平行。 33. The layered wind turbine generator set according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that all first components of the generator set are parallel.
34、 如权利要求 31-33任一项所述的层状风力发电机组, 其特征在 于, 所有所述发电机组中发电机的方向均相同。 34. The layered wind turbine generator set according to any one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that the direction of the generators in all the generator sets is the same.
35、 如权利要求 31-34任一项所述的层状风力发电机组, 其特征在
于, 所有所述发电机组中的发电机均相同。 35. The layered wind turbine generator set according to any one of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that Therefore, the generators in all the generator sets are the same.
36、 如权利要求 31-35任一项所述的层状风力发电机组, 其特征在 于,所有相邻发电机组中互相接触的 2个所述第一摩擦层均为导电材料, 并且将二者合二为一成为共用第一摩擦层。 36. The layered wind turbine set according to any one of claims 31 to 35, characterized in that the two first friction layers in contact with each other in all adjacent generating sets are made of conductive materials, and the two first friction layers are made of conductive material. The two are combined into one to form a common first friction layer.
37、 如权利要求 36所述的层状风力发电机组, 其特征在于, 所述 共用第一摩擦层与其两侧的第二摩擦层相比, 具有相同的摩擦电极序趋 势。
37. The layered wind turbine generator set according to claim 36, characterized in that the common first friction layer has the same friction electrode sequence trend compared with the second friction layers on both sides.
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