WO2014169724A1

WO2014169724A1 - Wind friction nanogenerator

Info

Publication number: WO2014169724A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/071476
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王中林; 朱光; 林宗宏
Original assignee: 国家纳米科学中心
Priority date: 2013-04-16
Filing date: 2014-01-26
Publication date: 2014-10-23
Also published as: CN103780128A; CN103780128B

Abstract

The present invention provides a wind friction nanogenerator, comprising a first component and a second component that is capable of elastically bending and deforming. The first component comprises a first conductive element and a first friction layer that is directly adhered on an upper surface of the first conductive element. The second component comprises a second friction layer and a second conductive element that is directly adhered on an upper surface of the second friction layer. The first component and the second component each have at least one end relatively fixed, and the first friction layer is disposed opposite to the second friction layer. Under the action of wind, at least one part of an upper surface of the first friction layer forms a contact-separation cycle with a lower surface of the second friction layer, and an electrical signal is output to an external circuit by using the first conductive element and the second conductive element. When periodic tangential force is exerted on a sliding friction nanogenerator of the present invention, an alternate current pulse signal can be formed between the first conductive element and the second conductive element and output.

Description

Wind friction nanogenerator

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wind power generator, and more particularly to a nanogenerator that uses wind driven contact friction to generate electricity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With the rapid rise of the Internet of Things technology, a large number of new types of microelectronic devices with multiple functions and high integration have been continuously developed, and have shown unprecedented application prospects in various fields of daily life. However, research on power systems that match these miniature electronic devices has lagged behind. Generally speaking, the power supplies of these microelectronic devices are directly or indirectly derived from batteries. The battery is not only bulky, heavy, but also contains potentially toxic chemicals that are potentially harmful to the environment and the human body. Therefore, it has been extremely important to develop a technology that converts naturally occurring mechanical energy such as motion and vibration into electrical energy.

As a green and clean energy with great potential, wind energy has been paid attention to by people since ancient times. The efficient use and storage of wind energy to solve the current energy shortage problem has become a consensus among people all over the world. Among them, wind power generation is the most important and important way to utilize wind energy. However, the current wind power generation converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy through the rotation of the wind-driven windmill, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy through the generator. In order to stabilize the power generation, a gearbox that increases the speed of the windmill to the rated speed of the generator must be added, and a speed governing mechanism keeps the speed stable. It can be seen that the structure of the entire wind turbine is very complicated and requires many large components, which cannot meet the power supply requirements of the microelectronic devices.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a wind nanogenerator based on contact friction power generation, which utilizes the kinetic energy of the wind and the variability of the kinetic energy to drive the two friction layers to contact and separate, thereby generating an electrical signal. Output to the outside. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wind friction nanogenerator comprising a first component and a second component capable of elastically bending deformation:

The first component includes a first conductive element, and a first friction layer directly attached to an upper surface of the first conductive element;

The second component includes a second friction layer, and a second conductive element directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer;

The first member and the second member are at least one end relatively fixed, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer face each other;

At least a portion of the upper surface of the first friction layer forms a contact-separation cycle with the lower surface of the second friction layer under the action of the wind, and outputs electricity to the external circuit through the first conductive element and the second conductive element Signal

Preferably, there is a friction electrode sequence difference between the upper surface material of the first friction layer and the lower surface material of the second friction layer;

Preferably, one end of the second component is fixed on the first component and the other end is a free end; preferably, both ends of the second component are fixed on the first component to form a curved surface of the second friction layer. And forming a gap between at least a portion of the upper surface of the first friction layer and a lower surface of the second friction layer;

Preferably, further comprising a baffle, the baffle being spaced face to face with the second component, such that the second component is located between the baffle and the first component;

Preferably, the baffle is parallel to the first component;

Preferably, the baffle has a three-dimensional structure or an auxiliary component on a surface facing the second component;

Preferably, the second component is elastic, and the Young's modulus is between 10 MPa and 10 MPa;

Preferably, the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer is an insulating material or a semiconductor material; preferably, the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, Polydiphenylpropionate carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, fiber Acetate, polyethylene adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regeneration Fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, styrene butadiene copolymer, rayon, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate Glycol ester, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, neoprene, butadiene propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile:), polyvinyl propylene glycol Carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, liquid crystal polymer, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polychlorotrifluoroethylene , polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and parylene; said semiconductor material is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, Group III and V compounds, Group II and VI compounds, oxides a solid solution composed of a III-V compound and a II-VI compound, an amorphous glass semiconductor, and an organic semiconductor;

Preferably, the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpyrene carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylene a siloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and parylene; the Group III and Group V compounds are selected from the group consisting of gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide; and the Group II and Group VI compounds are selected from the group consisting of Cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide; the oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of manganese, chromium, iron or copper; and the solid solution composed of the group III-V compound and the group II-VI compound is selected from the group consisting of gallium aluminum arsenide and gallium arsenide phosphorus;

Preferably, the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer are non-conductive oxides, semiconductor oxides or complex oxides, including silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, oxidation. Copper, zinc oxide, Bi0 ₂ or Y ₂ 0 ₃ .

Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are distributed with microstructures on the order of micrometers or submicrometers;

Preferably, the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres;

Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are decorated or coated with a nano material;

Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically modified such that a functional group that easily loses electrons is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or is negative in polarity Introducing a functional group that readily acquires electrons on the surface of the material;

Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically Modification such that a positive charge is introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material and/or a negative charge is introduced on the surface of the negative polarity material;

Preferably, the first friction layer is a conductive material and is combined with the first conductive element, or the second friction layer is a conductive material and is preferably combined with the second conductive element. The conductive material constituting the first friction layer or the second friction layer is selected from the group consisting of a metal and a conductive oxide;

Preferably, the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals;

Preferably, the first conductive element and/or preferably, the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and An alloy formed of the above metal;

Preferably, comprising one of said first component and one of said second component;

Preferably, comprising one of the first component and two of the second component, wherein the first component is composed of the electrically conductive first friction layer, and the two second components are respectively located at the first Upper and lower sides of the friction layer;

Preferably, the second of the two of the second components has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as the first friction layer. The present invention also provides a generator set consisting of two of the foregoing types of generators, wherein the two generators are placed opposite each other such that the two second components face each other with a certain interval;

Preferably, the two generators are the same;

Preferably, the first components of the two generators are parallel to each other;

Preferably, an angle is formed between the first components of the two generators;

Preferably, the two generators have the same direction.

The present invention also provides a layered generator set, which is composed of two or more aforementioned gensets vertically stacked, and a connecting member is disposed between the first members of two adjacent gensets to connect the two; Preferably, the connecting member is made of an insulating material;

Preferably, all of the first components of the generator set are parallel;

Preferably, the directions of the generators in all of the generator sets are the same;

Preferably, all of the generators in the generator set are identical;

Preferably, all of the two first friction layers in contact with each other in all adjacent generator sets are electrically conductive materials, and the two are combined into one to become a common first friction layer;

Preferably, the common first friction layer has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as its second friction layer on both sides.

Compared with the prior art, the wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The new structural design makes wind power micro power generation a reality. The generator of the invention skillfully utilizes the bending deformation of the elastic material and the influence of the deformation on the gas flow, and successfully achieves the purpose of driving the friction nano-generator normally by the non-periodically changing power source for the first time, thereby preparing the It can be used in miniature wind turbines in various fields.

2. Efficient use of energy. Conventional wind turbines must be driven by natural winds of three or more stages, and the generator of the present invention can operate with slight wind disturbances. Especially when used on some devices, it can be driven by the airflow generated by the motion of the device itself, so that the generator of the present invention can collect more diverse energy and is not affected by weather conditions, thereby achieving efficient use of energy.

3, simple structure, lightweight and portable and highly compatible. The wind power generator of the invention does not need components such as a windmill, a gearbox, a speed governor, a generator, etc., has a simple structure, a small volume, is convenient to manufacture, has low cost, can be installed on various microelectronic devices, and does not require a special working environment. Therefore, it has high compatibility.

4, a wide range of uses. By physically modifying or chemically modifying the upper surface of the first friction layer and the lower surface of the second friction layer in the generator, introducing a nanostructure pattern or coating a nano material, etc., it is also possible to further improve the operation of the friction nanogenerator The resulting contact charge density increases the output capability of the generator. Therefore, the generator of the present invention can be used not only as a small power source but also as a high power power generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the claims. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same parts. The drawings are not intended to be scaled to scale in actual size, with emphasis on the gist of the present invention.

1 is a schematic structural view of a typical wind-driven nano-generator of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view of the appearance, (b) is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure, and (c) and (d) are schematic views of the structure under the action of wind;

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the power generation principle of the wind friction nano-generator of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the wind friction nano-generator of the present invention, wherein (a) is a first friction layer and a first conductive member In the case of two, (b) is the case where the second friction layer and the second conductive element are combined into one, (c) the case where the two generators share one conductive first friction layer;

4 is a schematic structural view of a wind-blown nano-generator with a baffle according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the generator shown in FIG.

6 is a schematic structural view of a wind friction nano-generator set of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the generator set shown in FIG. 6 under the action of wind;

Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention, wherein (a) is the case where all the generator directions are the same, (b) is the case where the directions of the generators are different; Fig. 9 is a layer of the present invention; Another typical structural schematic diagram of a wind-driven friction nanogenerator set;

Figure 10 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention;

Figure 12 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of the layered wind friction nanogenerator set of the present invention;

13 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a single-end fixing of a first component of a wind friction nano-generator according to the present invention;

Figure 14 is a wind speed of 5 m / s provided by the wind friction nano-generator in the hair dryer of the present invention The lower drive lights up a real-time photo of the 80-inch commercial LED bulb.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are illustrated by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The invention provides a simple structure of a friction nano-generator that converts wind energy into electrical energy, and can provide a matching power source for the microelectronic device. The friction nanogenerator of the present invention utilizes the phenomenon of surface charge transfer when a material having a difference in polarity in the friction electrode sequence contacts, converting mechanical energy generated by wind into electrical energy.

The "friction electrode sequence" as used in the present invention refers to the order in which the material is attracted according to the degree of attraction of the material. When the two materials are in contact with each other, the polarity of the negative charge on the contact surface from the friction electrode sequence is compared. The positive material surface is transferred to the surface of the material that is more polar in the friction electrode sequence. To date, there is no unified theory that can fully explain the mechanism of charge transfer. It is generally believed that this charge transfer is related to the surface work function of the material, and charge transfer is achieved by the transfer of electrons or ions on the contact surface. It should be noted that the friction electrode sequence is only an empirically based statistical result, that is, the further the difference between the two materials in the sequence, the greater the positive and negative charge generated after the contact and the probability of the sequence being coincident, and The actual results are affected by various factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity and whether there is relative friction. The "contact charge" described in the present invention refers to the contact between materials having different polarities of the two friction electrode sequences. The charge on the surface after rubbing and separation is generally considered to be distributed only on the surface of the material, with a maximum depth of about 10 nm. It should be noted that the sign of the contact charge is the sign of the net charge, that is, the surface of the surface of the material with positive contact charge. There may be a concentrated area of negative charge in the area, but the sign of the net charge on the entire surface is positive. The "direction of the generator" in the present invention refers to a direction parallel to the plane of the first friction layer of the generator and perpendicular to the length of the side of the second conductive member that is fixed.

1 is a typical structure of a wind friction nanogenerator of the present invention. The first member and the second member capable of elastically bending deformation are sequentially included from bottom to top, wherein the first member includes a first conductive member 11 and a first friction layer 10 placed in contact with the upper surface of the first conductive member 11, The two components include a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10, and a second conductive member 21 placed in fixed contact with the upper surface of the second friction layer 20; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed by both ends An upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member, thereby forming an arcuate gap between the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 (see FIGS. 1-a and lb), In order to enable the gap to be maintained, the second member composed of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 on the upper surface thereof should have a property of elastic bending deformation as a whole; when the wind blows through the nanogenerator, the second The component is bent and deformed under the action of the wind force, causing the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 to partially contact the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 to form a contact friction surface, and the wind direction is different. The location of the deformation is different, resulting in different areas and positions of the contact friction surface. Figures 1-c and 1-d illustrate two typical bending deformation modes; when the wind weakens or the wind direction changes, the second friction occurs. When the force on the layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 is weakened, the elasticity of itself changes some or all of the two, or the position and manner of the deformation changes, resulting in the previously formed contact friction surface due to the first friction layer 10 and the first The partial separation of the two friction layers 20 disappears, and the area of the contact friction is thus changed, thereby outputting an electric signal to the external circuit through the first conductive member 11 and the second conductive member 21. For the case shown in Figure 1-c, even if the wind speed is constant, since the wind blows vertically to the second part, the direction changes and spreads along the surface of the second part, thus forming a parallel with the second part. The air flow, which causes forced vibration of the second component, i.e., chatter, causes separation and contact between the two friction layers, thereby forming an output of current.

For convenience of description, the principle of the present invention, the selection principle of each component, and the material range will be described below in conjunction with the typical structure of FIG. 1, but it is obvious that the content is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but can be used for All technical solutions disclosed by the present invention.

Since the generator electrical signal is generated and output through the first friction layer 10 and the second friction The contact-separation process of the rubbing layer 20 is realized. Therefore, the working principle of the generator is explained by taking a partial enlarged view of the contact portions as an example, so that the whole process is more clear. See FIG. 2 for details. In the initial state without external force, there is a certain interval between the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 due to the elasticity of the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive member 21 itself in the second member (see Figure 2, step A). When there is wind blowing, a part of the force acts on the second component, causing the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21 to be bent and deformed, so that the second friction layer 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10, The two friction layers are respectively formed of a material having a friction electrode order difference, so that surface charge transfer occurs at the moment of contact to form a surface contact charge (see step B in Fig. 2). According to the relative position of the materials of the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 in the friction electrode sequence, the surface of the second friction layer 20 generates a positive charge, and the surface of the first friction layer 10 generates a negative charge, and the electric quantity of the two charges The same, so there is no potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21, and thus no charge flows. When the intensity and/or direction of the airflow interacting with the second friction layer 20 changes to cause chattering of the second friction layer, under the elasticity of the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive member 21, the first The friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 begin to separate, at which time the first component composed of the first conductive element 11 and the first friction layer 10 has a net negative charge, and the second conductive element 21 and the second friction layer 20 The second component is constructed to have a net positive charge, thus creating a potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21. To balance the potential difference, electrons flow from the second conductive element 21 into the first conductive element 11 through the external wires, thereby generating an instantaneous current from the first electrode layer to the second electrode layer in the external circuit (see step C in FIG. 2). When the first friction layer 10 returns to the initial position, the distance between it and the second friction layer 20 is maximized, and the charges of both of them are balanced, and there is no potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21, There is no current generated in the external circuit (see step D in Figure 2). When the wind force acts again, since the distance between the first conductive member 11 and the second friction layer 20 becomes smaller, the positive charge on the surface of the second friction layer 20 enhances the repulsion of the positive charge in the first conductive member 11 while the first friction layer The attraction of the negative charge on the surface of the second conductive element 21 is also enhanced, thereby causing a potential difference between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 to be opposite to the previous direction. In order to further balance the potential difference, electrons flow from the first conductive element 11 into the second conductive element 21 through the external circuit, thereby generating an external circuit. The instantaneous current is opposite to the first direction (see step E in Figure 2). When the external force acting on the first friction layer continues to be applied to make contact with the second friction layer 20, the above BE step is repeated. It can be seen that the premise that the generator of the present invention can work is the directionality of the wind itself, the variability of the size and the interaction between the elastic material and the wind, so that the effective pressure acting on the second friction layer 20 Changes may occur, enabling continuous contact and separation between the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 to form a pulsed electrical signal for outward output.

By the working principle provided above by the present invention, those skilled in the art can clearly recognize the working mode of the wind friction nano-generator, thereby being able to understand the selection principle of the materials of the various components. The selectable ranges of materials for each component to which all the technical solutions in the present invention are applied are given below. In practical applications, specific selections can be made according to actual needs, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the output performance of the generator.

The first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 are respectively composed of materials having different triboelectric characteristics, and the different triboelectric characteristics mean that the two are in different positions in the friction electrode sequence, thereby causing friction between the two. The process can generate contact charges on the surface. Conventional high molecular polymers have triboelectric properties, and can be used as materials for preparing the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 of the present invention. Here, some commonly used high molecular polymer materials are listed: polytetrafluoroethylene, poly Dimethyl siloxane, polyimide, polydiphenyl propylene carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, poly Ethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, recycled fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, Styrene butadiene copolymer, rayon, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin , neoprene, butadiene propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyvinyl propylene glycol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate Gather Acid ester, liquid crystal polymer, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride And parylene. Due to space limitations, not all possible materials can be exhaustive. Only a few specific polymer materials are listed here, but It will be apparent that these specific materials are not limiting as to the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the art will readily be able to select other similar materials based on the triboelectric properties of these materials.

Both semiconductors and metals have triboelectric properties that tend to lose electrons relative to the insulator, and often differ greatly from polymer materials in the list of friction electrode sequences. Therefore, the semiconductor and the metal can also be used as a raw material for preparing the first friction layer 10 or the second friction layer 20. Commonly used semiconductors include silicon, germanium; Group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.; Group II and Group VI compounds such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.; and III-V compounds and A solid solution composed of a compound of π-νι, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide phosphorus, or the like. In addition to the above crystalline semiconductor, there are amorphous glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and the like. Non-conductive oxides, semiconducting oxides, and complex oxides also have triboelectric properties and are capable of forming surface charges during the rubbing process, and thus can also be used as the friction layer of the present invention, such as oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, and copper. Also includes silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, Βι _{2 2} and Υ ₂ 0 ₃ ; commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium And an alloy formed of the above metal. Of course, other materials having conductive properties can also be used as the friction layer material that easily loses electrons, such as indium tin oxide, doped semiconductors, and conductive organics. Among them, the conductive organic substance is generally a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.

When a conductive material is used as the friction layer, the conductive element and the friction layer can be combined into one, which simplifies the preparation process, reduces the cost, and is more advantageous for industrial promotion and application. For example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, wherein FIG. 3-a is a combination of the first friction layer 10 and the first conductive member 11 made of a conductive material, the specific structure including the first member and the first portion capable of elastic bending deformation a second component, wherein the first component comprises a conductive first friction layer 10, and the second component comprises a second friction layer 20 placed opposite the first friction layer 10 and a first place in contact with the upper surface of the second friction layer 20 a second conductive member 21; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, so that the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 An arched void is formed between them. FIG. 3-b is a layer of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21, specifically including a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein the first component includes the first conductive component 11 and One The upper surface of the conductive member 11 is attached to the first friction layer 10 placed thereon, and the second member includes a conductive second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed by both ends An upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member forms an arcuate gap between the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10. Figure 3-c shows the case where the two generators share a conductive first friction layer 10, in order to prevent the contact charges generated on the two surfaces of the shared first friction layer 10 from neutralizing each other due to electrical differences. It should be ensured that the shared first friction layer 10 has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as the second friction layer 20 on both sides thereof, that is, if the first friction layer 10 is compared to the second friction layer 20 on the upper side thereof. With a more correct friction electrode sequence, the second friction layer 20 with respect to its lower side also has a more correct friction electrode sequence. When the condition is satisfied, the second friction layers on the upper and lower sides may be the same or different.

It has been experimentally found that the greater the electrical energy difference between the materials of the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 (i.e., the farther apart the position in the friction electrode sequence), the stronger the electrical signal output by the generator. Therefore, the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 can be prepared according to actual needs, and a suitable material can be selected to obtain a better output effect. The material having the negative polarity friction electrode sequence is preferably polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpropionate carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylene Siloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene and parylene, including parylene C, parylene, parylene D, parylene HT or parylene AF4; with positive polarity The friction electrode sequence material is preferably aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabric, silk and its fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose , cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene - Butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, copper, aluminum, gold, silver and steel.

The upper surface of the first friction layer 10 and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 may also be physically modified to have a micro- or sub-micron array of microstructures distributed on the surface thereof to increase the first friction layer 10 and the first The contact area between the two friction layers 20 increases the amount of contact charge. Specific modification methods include photolithography, chemical etching, and ion etching. Nano material The way the material is embellished or coated to achieve this.

It is also possible to chemically modify the surfaces of the first friction layer 10 and/or the second friction layer 20 which are in contact with each other, and it is possible to further increase the amount of charge transfer at the moment of contact, thereby increasing the contact charge density and the output power of the generator. Chemical modification is divided into the following two types:

One method is to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the positive polarity material for the materials of the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 that are in contact with each other, or have a negative polarity. The introduction of more electron-donating functional groups (strong electron-withdrawing groups) on the surface of the material can further increase the amount of transfer of charges as they slide against each other, thereby increasing the triboelectric charge density and the output power of the generator. Strong electron donating groups include: amino group, hydroxyl group, decyloxy group, etc.; strong electron withdrawing group includes: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like. The introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as surface modification of a plasma. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be used to generate a plasma at a certain power to introduce an amino group on the surface of the friction layer material.

Another method is to introduce a positive charge on the surface of the friction layer material having a positive polarity and a negative charge on the surface of the friction layer material having a negative polarity. Specifically, it can be achieved by chemical bonding. For example, ethyl orthosilicate (in English abbreviated as TEOS) can be modified on the surface of the PDMS friction layer by hydrolysis-condensation (abbreviated as sol-gel) to make it negatively charged. It is also possible to modify gold nanoparticles containing hexadecanyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the upper surface of the metal gold film layer by gold-sulfur bonding, since hexadecanyltrimethylammonium bromide is a cation. Therefore, the entire friction layer becomes positively charged. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable modifying material and bond it according to the electronic properties of the friction layer material and the type of surface chemical bond to achieve the object of the present invention, and thus such deformation is within the scope of the present invention.

In order to ensure that the second member formed by the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 has a bendable elastic property, it is preferred that the second friction layer 20 be flexible, more preferably elastic, preferably a Young's modulus of the material. The amount is between lOMPa and lOGPa. When the second friction layer does not have elasticity, the overall elasticity can be achieved by the second conductive member 21 thereon because the general metal thin layer has a bending deformation elasticity. For the thickness selection of the second friction layer 20, generally considering the elastic and mechanical strength thereof, it is preferably a film or a thin layer, and specifically may be 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably 100 nm to 2 mm, more preferably 1 μm to 800 μm, and these thicknesses are All technical solutions in the invention are applicable. If the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive element 21 There is no elasticity, and it is also conceivable to attach a layer of a material capable of elastic bending deformation, such as a rubber sheet, to the upper surface of the second conductive member 21, and the additional material imparts elasticity to the second member.

The maximum height d of the arched gap formed between the second friction layer 20 and the first friction layer 10 depends mainly on the magnitude of the wind force in use and the overall elasticity of the second component, as long as the wind applied to the generator can make the first The two members undergo a sufficient degree of elastic deformation so that the second friction layer 20 can be partially in contact with the first friction layer 10. The experimental results show that the d value is increased in the case where the contact area is the same, and the output performance of the generator can be improved. Preferably, the d value is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 0.2 mm and 3 mm. Therefore, increasing the flexibility of the second component is undoubtedly an important way to optimize the performance of the generator.

For the fixing manner of the second member, although FIG. 1 shows that both ends of the second friction layer 20 are fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the first friction layer 10, the fixing position is not particularly limited, in order to improve The fixedness of the second friction layer 20 may be sandwiched between the first friction layer 10 and the first conductive element 11 or sandwiched between the first conductive element and other support members, if any Additional support parts. The fixed method can be used directly with bonded or externally clamped parts. When additional components such as a support layer are also included in the first member and/or the second member, they can also be fixed by these additional members.

The first friction layer 10 may be a hard material or a flexible material, because the planar retention does not have to rely solely on its own characteristics, but can also be achieved by means of the first conductive element 11 or the installation environment in actual application. The thickness thereof has no significant effect on the practice of the present invention. Preferably, the first friction layer 10 is a film or a thin layer having a thickness of from 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 2 mm.

The first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 serve as two electrodes of the generator, and may be selected from metals, conductive oxides or conductive organic substances as long as they have characteristics capable of conducting electricity. Commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals; commonly used conductive oxides include indium tin oxide ITO and ion doped semiconductors; The organic substance is generally a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.

The thickness of the first conductive member 11 is not particularly limited, and an optional range is lOnm-lcm. Preferably, it is from 50 nm to 2 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 1 mm; and the second conductive member 21 is preferably a thin layer or a film to have a better flexural elasticity, preferably having a thickness of from 10 nm to 1 mm, more preferably from 500 nm to 500 μm. Preferably, the conductive element is in close contact with the surface of the corresponding friction layer to ensure the efficiency of charge transfer. Preferably, the conductive material is deposited on the surface of the corresponding friction layer by deposition; the specific deposition method may be electron beam evaporation. , solution plating, plasma sputtering, magnetron sputtering or evaporation.

The first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 may be connected to the external circuit in such a manner as to be connected to the external circuit through a wire or a metal film.

In order to ensure the mechanical strength of the generator, a support layer may be provided in contact with the lower surface of the first conductive element and/or the upper surface of the second conductive element, preferably an insulating material or a semiconductor material, such as a plastic plate, a silicon wafer or a silicon thin film. Layers, etc.

4 is another typical structure of a wind nanogenerator of the present invention. The generator consists of a nanogenerator and a baffle 30 as shown in Fig. 1. The specific structure comprises a first component, a second component capable of elastically deforming and a baffle 30, wherein the first component comprises a first conductive An element 11 and a first friction layer 10 placed in contact with an upper surface of the first conductive element 11, the second member including a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10, and a second friction layer 20 The second conductive member 21 is placed in contact with the surface; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, so that the lower surface of the second friction layer 20 and the first surface An arched void is formed between the upper surfaces of the friction layer 10; the baffle 30 is spaced face to face with the curved second member such that the second member is positioned between the baffle 30 and the first member, and An air flow passage is formed between the second member and the baffle 30. When there is airflow through the airflow passage, the second component is curved and has elastic deformability, which causes the passing airflow to form a reverse pressure drop in the airway, thereby affecting the aerodynamic force (see Figure 5-a). ), this effect, in turn, acts on the elastic deformation of the second component to change it (see Figure 5-b), which constitutes a so-called aeroelastic phenomenon in which structural deformation interacts with aerodynamic forces, making the second The friction layer 20 undergoes a periodic deformation that is not noticeable, that is, flutter, which is very similar to the phenomenon in which the flag flutters in the wind. During the chattering process, the second friction layer 20 completes a partial contact-separation process with the first friction layer 10 (eg, point A from contact to separation, point B from separation to contact), thereby An electrical signal is generated between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 and delivered to the external circuit. The basic factors for the formation of flutter are the coupling of aerodynamic forces, elastic forces and inertial forces, where the elastic and inertial forces are determined by the nature of the material itself, when the frequency of the flutter is related to the second component, especially When the natural frequencies of the two friction layers 20 and/or the second conductive element 21 are the same, resonance is formed such that the flutter amplitude of the second component is maximized and the electrical signal generated by the nanogenerator is also strongest.

The various definitions of the first friction layer 10, the first conductive element 11, the second friction layer 20, and the second conductive element 21 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 are suitable for the generator set shown in FIG. No longer. The spacing D! between the baffle 30 and the second conductive element 21 in the generator is mainly determined by the modulus of elasticity of the second component and the thickness of the second component, and the selectable range is l (m-lcm, It is preferably 100 μπι-2πιπι, preferably 500 μπι-1πιπι.

The purpose of the baffle 30 is simply to provide a barrier to gas flow, and various materials such as insulating materials, semiconductors, and conductors can be used. The thickness is not limited, and may be a thick plate, a thin plate or a thin layer, preferably a hard material, or an elastic material having a certain strength as a whole. It is also possible to make a three-dimensional structure or an auxiliary component on the surface of the side facing the second conductive member 21 to adjust the degree of turbulence of the airflow, so that the amplitude and frequency of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21 are increased. , improve the output performance of the generator. The choice of the three-dimensional structure and the auxiliary components can be designed according to the principles of gas dynamics, such as the provision of a plurality of projections or channels.

Figure 6 is a typical structure of a wind nanogenerator set of the present invention. The generator set is composed of two nano-generators as shown in FIG. 1, and the specific structure is: composed of two generator units, wherein the generator unit includes a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein The first component includes a first conductive element 11 , a first friction layer 10 directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element, and a second component including a second friction layer 20 disposed opposite the first friction layer 10 , a second conductive member 21 directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer 20; wherein the second member is a curved surface and is fixed to the upper surface of the first friction layer 10 in the first member by both ends, thereby making the second friction layer An arcuate gap is formed between the lower surface of the first friction layer 20 and the upper surface of the first friction layer 10; the two generator units are oppositely disposed such that the two second conductive elements 21 face each other with a certain interval, and the interval is an air flow passage . With the embodiment shown in Figure 4 Similarly, due to the unevenness of the surface of the air flow passage and the elastic bending deformation of the second member, the second member of the two generator units vibrates when the airflow passes, thereby realizing the second friction layer. 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10 in a partial contact-separation process (see Fig. 7), so that an electrical signal is generated between the two first conductive elements 11 and the second conductive element 21 and is delivered to the external circuit. Similarly, when the frequency of the dither is the same as the natural frequency of the second component, particularly the second friction layer 20 and/or the second conductive element 21 itself, resonance is formed such that the flutter amplitude of the second component is maximized, Nano-generators also produce the strongest electrical signals.

The two nanogenerator units that make up the generator set can be identical or different. The use of different generators is especially useful in situations where the gas flow rate changes, as the gas flow rate affects the dither frequency of the second component and can be designed to create a natural frequency of the second component of the generator and a high gas flow rate. The dither frequency is the same or close, while the other generator has a second component having a natural frequency that is the same or similar to the dither frequency formed at the low gas flow rate. This enables the electrical signal of the generator to achieve a more optimized state at different gas flow rates.

The spacing D ₂ between the two generator units in the generator set is mainly determined by the modulus of elasticity of the second component of the two generator units and the thickness of the second component, and the range of options is 10 μπι-5οπι, preferably ΙΟΟμπι-lmm, preferably 500μπι-5πιπι.

Figure 8 is another exemplary embodiment of the generator set of the present invention, which is formed by vertically stacking three generator sets shown in Figure 6 and incorporating an insulating member 40 between each of the two generator sets shown in Figure 6 The adjacent two first conductive elements 11 form an insulating connection. The insulating member 40 can be made of various conventional insulating materials, preferably having a certain hardness or elasticity, so that it can be isolated. It may be in the form of a plate or a film, and may have a strip shape or a column shape (see Fig. 8-b), and may also have the same shape as the first conductive member 11 (see Fig. 8-a), size and number of those skilled in the art. It can be selected according to the specific situation as long as the conditions capable of isolating adjacent conductive elements are satisfied.

In this embodiment, there are many ways to superimpose three generator sets, wherein the case where all three generator sets are vertically parallel and merged in one row is shown in FIG. 8-a; FIG. 8-b shows It is also that the three generator sets are stacked in parallel in parallel, but the direction of the middle generator set is perpendicular to the other two generator sets. This method is more suitable for airflow from different directions. Case. Since the generator of the present invention has the same power generation efficiency when the direction of the airflow is the same as the direction of the generator. Therefore, according to the direction of the airflow, the superposed generators can be placed in different directions, so that when the direction of the airflow changes, the partial generator can still be driven with maximum efficiency, so that the generator set can ensure current output. Obviously, although Figure 8-b only shows the vertical direction of different generators, in fact, the direction of each generator can be formed at any angle according to needs, which does not have any technical difficulties in the actual operation. Therefore, these variations are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Although the size and material composition of each generator shown in Figure 8 are the same, because each generator actually works independently, each generator can be made of different materials and sizes to meet the output of different loads. Claim. Moreover, the number of generators constituting the generator set is also freely adjustable, and may be singular or odd. It is not necessary to limit the two ends of the genset to be the end point of the first conductive element 11, or may be curved. The two conductive elements 21 are the end points.

Figure 9 is another exemplary embodiment of the generator set of the present invention, the main structure is the same as the embodiment shown in Figure 8-a, except that the first friction layers 10 of the opposite two generator units are not placed parallel to each other, It is formed at a certain angle, and the insulating connection is still achieved by the insulating member 40 between the adjacent two generator units. The advantage of this design is that it can increase the utilization of airflow in different directions. In order to form an effective air flow passage, the angle formed between the two first friction layers 10 placed face to face should be an acute angle. The superposition direction of each generator can also be different according to different needs, similar to the structure of Figure 8-b. It can be seen that various descriptions of the power generating unit shown in FIG. 8 are applicable to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and details are not described herein again.

10 and 11 are two other typical embodiments of the generator set of the present invention, similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively, except that the first friction layer 10 of each generator is a conductive material, The arrangement of the first conductive elements 11 is omitted, and an insulating connection is also formed between the adjacent two first conductive elements 11 by the insulating member 40. The various definitions of Figs. 8 and 9 are applicable to the embodiments shown in Figs. 10 and 11.

Figure 12 shows a more simple genset consisting of a plurality of generators as shown in Figure 3-a, in particular: by two generators spaced apart by a second conductive element 21 Placed to form a genset unit, multiple such genset units longitudinally The first friction layers made of electrically conductive material are superimposed and combined into one, that is, two adjacent genset units share one first friction layer 102. In order to prevent the contact charges generated on the two surfaces of the common first friction layer 102 from neutralizing each other due to electrical differences, the common first friction layer 102 and the second friction layer 202 on both sides thereof should be secured. 203 has the same friction electrode sequence tendency, that is, if the first friction layer 102 has a more positive friction electrode sequence than the upper second friction layer 202, then the second friction layer relative to the lower side thereof 203 also has a more correct friction electrode sequence. There are two types of second friction layers in Fig. 12, which are the second friction layer 201 on the generators at both ends, and the second friction layers 202 and 203 in the generator sharing the first friction layer 102; The first friction layer is a first friction layer 101 on the generators at both ends and a first friction layer 102 shared by the two generators, respectively. Wherein, the first friction layers 101 and 102 have no correlation with the selection of materials, and the two may be the same or different. In particular, the first friction layer 101 at both ends may also use a non-conductive material, but the first friction layer is shared. 102 must be a conductive material. At the same time, there is no correlation in the material selection between the second friction layer 201 on the generators at both ends and the second friction layers 202 and 203 on the intermediate generator. Preferably, the materials of the second friction layers 202 and 203 are the same.

Figure 13 is another exemplary embodiment of the wind power generator of the present invention, which is basically the same as the structure shown in Figure 1, except that the second component of the generator shown in Figure 1 is fixed at both ends to the first component. The second component in this embodiment has only one end fixed to the first component, and the other end is a free end, specifically: comprising a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, wherein the first component includes the first component a conductive element 11 and a first friction layer 10 directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element 11; the second member includes a second friction layer 20, and directly adheres to the upper surface of the second friction layer a second conductive member 21; one end of the second member is relatively fixed to the first member, and the first friction layer 10 and the second friction layer 20 face each other; at least a portion of the upper surface and the second portion of the first friction layer 10 under the action of the wind The lower surface of the friction layer 20 forms a contact-separation cycle and outputs an electrical signal to the outer circuit through the first conductive element and the second conductive element. The second member of the present embodiment has a bendable elastic property as a whole, and when one end is fixed and the other end is free to move, it can interact with the wind force acting on the surface thereof to generate a chattering phenomenon, resulting in a second friction layer. 20 is in contact with the first friction layer 10 (Fig. 13-b) and separated (Fig. 13-a). It is apparent that the definition of the material and structure of the components of the first component and the second component in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is equally applicable to the generator of the present embodiment, and when the first friction layer

When the 10 or the second friction layer 20 is a conductive material, the generator of the present embodiment can also be constructed similarly to the structure shown in Fig. 3, except that the two ends of the second member are fixed to one end and fixed.

For the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 12, it is also possible to use the generator shown in FIG. 13 instead of the generator shown in FIG. 1, but it is necessary to pay attention to the face-to-face when the structure shown in FIGS. 7 to 12 is produced. The fixed ends of the second components of the two generators placed should be on the same side, avoiding the free ends of the two second components interacting during the movement.

For all the above embodiments, for the convenience of use, and increasing the mechanical strength of the generator and the generator set, and prolonging the service life thereof, it is also possible to provide flexibility or rigidity on the other surface of the first conductive member 11 opposite to the first friction layer 10. Supporting element. The material of the supporting member is not particularly limited, and a semiconductor or an insulator is preferably used. Likewise, the other surface of the second conductive element 21 without the friction material may also be provided with a flexible support member, preferably the support member is resilient so as not to affect the elastic bending deformation of the second friction layer 20 and the second conductive member 21. Example 1

The first conductive member is made of a metal copper plate having a thickness of 1 mm, and a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film having a thickness of 25 μm is coated thereon as a first friction layer, and the second friction layer and the second conductive member are used. a metal aluminum film layer having a thickness of 40 μm, a length of 5 cm, and a width of 3 cm, wherein both ends of the film layer are fixed on both sides of the upper surface of the Teflon layer, so that a height is formed between the metal aluminum layer and the Teflon layer. 2mm arched void. The metal copper film layer and the metal aluminum layer are connected to the external circuit through wires, and the air blower provides airflow in the direction of the generator. The flow rate is about 5 m/s, and the flutter of the metal aluminum film layer can be clearly seen, and the Teflon layer is formed. A continuous contact-separation cycle is formed between the 80-inch commercial LED bulbs, as shown in Figure 14.

Since the polytetrafluoroethylene has a very negative polarity in the friction electrode sequence, and the polarity of the metal aluminum in the electrode sequence is relatively positive, the material combination of the present embodiment is advantageous for increasing the output of the friction nanogenerator. Example 2:

The first friction layer is made of a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film, and the first conductive member is made of a metal copper film having a thickness of 200 nm, and the first conductive member is deposited on the first friction layer by magnetron sputtering. The second friction layer and the second conductive element are made of a metal aluminum film layer having a thickness of 200 nm, a length of 5 cm, and a width of 2.5 cm, and the second friction layer and the second conductive element are deposited by magnetron sputtering at a thickness of 25 μm. On the polymer substrate. The substrate is a polyimide film having a length and width consistent with the metallic aluminum film layer. A plexiglass strip having a height of 2 mm, a length of 2.5 cm, and a width of 2 mm was prepared by laser cutting, and the strip was fixed on the upper surface of the Teflon layer. One end of a polyimide film on which a metal aluminum thin film layer is deposited is fixed on the upper surface of the strip. The metal copper film layer and the metal aluminum layer are connected to the external circuit through wires, and the air blower provides airflow in the direction of the generator. The flow rate is about 5 m/s, and the flutter of the metal aluminum film layer can be clearly seen, and the Teflon layer is formed. A contact-separation cycle is constantly formed between.

Example 3

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) having a thickness of 100 μm is used as a second friction layer on which a metal gold film having a thickness of about 100 nm is deposited by magnetron sputtering as a second Conductive component. A silicon wafer having a thickness of 500 μm is used as the first friction layer, and a lower surface thereof is a deposited metal silver film having a thickness of about 100 nm. The other side of the silicon wafer is spin-coated with a layer of photoresist, and a square window array having a side length of micrometer or submicron is formed on the photoresist by photolithography; After chemical etching of the hot potassium hydroxide, an array of pyramid-shaped recessed structures is formed at the window. When the silicon wafer and the PDMS material are contacted by the air current, since the PDMS has good elasticity, it can enter and fill the concave structure on the surface of the silicon wafer, thereby increasing the frictional contact area with the silicon wafer. , you can get better electrical output.

Example 4

In this embodiment, only the polytetrafluoroethylene film is modified on the basis of the first embodiment, and the others are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein again. The nanowire array was prepared by inductively coupled plasma etching on the surface of the PTFE film. First, about 10 nm thick gold was deposited on the surface of the PTFE by a sputter, and then the PTFE film was placed in the inductor. In a coupled plasma etching machine, the side deposited with gold is etched, and 0 ₂ , Ar and CF ₄ gases are introduced, and the flow is performed. The quantities are controlled at 10 sccm, 15 sccm and 30 sccm, the pressure is controlled at 15 mTorr, the operating temperature is controlled at 55 ° C, the plasma is generated with 400 watts of power, and the power is accelerated by 100 watts for about 5 minutes. A polymer polytetrafluoroethylene nanorod array having a length substantially perpendicular to the insulating film layer of about 1.5 μm was obtained.

Example 5

The generators of the six embodiments 1 are arranged in parallel and in the same direction, and the two generators adjacent to the first conductive element are separated by a 2 mm thick plastic plate, and the first conductive element is glued to the first conductive element. Both sides of the plastic plate constitute a generator set as shown in Fig. 10. When the airflow is blown through the generator set in the direction of the generator, the generators operate simultaneously, and each of the generators can independently output an electrical signal.

The wind friction nano-generator of the invention can use the wind to enable the generator to generate electric energy, provide power for the small-sized electric appliance, and does not need a power supply such as a battery, and is a convenient generator. In addition, the friction nano-generator of the invention is simple in preparation method and low in preparation cost, and is a friction nano-generator and a generator set with wide application range.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, or modify the equivalents of equivalent changes without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. Example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications of the above embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

Rights request

1. A wind friction nanogenerator, including a first component and a second component capable of elastic bending deformation, characterized by:

The first component includes a first conductive element, and a first friction layer directly attached to the upper surface of the first conductive element;

At least one end of the first component and the second component is relatively fixed, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer face each other;

Under the action of wind force, at least part of the upper surface of the first friction layer forms a contact-separation cycle with the lower surface of the second friction layer, and outputs electricity to the external circuit through the first conductive element and the second conductive element. Signal.

2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a friction electrode sequence difference between the upper surface material of the first friction layer and the lower surface material of the second friction layer.

3. The generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one end of the second component is fixed on the first component, and the other end is a free end.

4. The generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, both ends of the second component are fixed on the first component so that the second friction layer forms a curved surface, and at least part of the first component A gap is formed between the upper surface of the friction layer and the lower surface of the second friction layer.

5. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a baffle, the baffle and the second component are placed face-to-face and spaced apart, so that the second component is located on the between the baffle and the first component.

6. The generator according to claim 5, wherein the baffle is parallel to the first component.

7. The generator according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the baffle has a three-dimensional structure or additional auxiliary components on the surface facing the second component.

8. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second component is elastic and has a Young's modulus between 10MPa and 10GPa.

9. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer are made of insulating material or semiconductor material.

10. The generator according to claim 9, wherein the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polydiphenylpropylene carbonate, and polyethylene. Ethylene terephthalate, aniline formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethylcellulose, polyamide, melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene adipate Glycol ester, polydiallyl phthalate, recycled fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene propylene copolymer, styrene butadiene copolymer, rayon, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly ester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, chloroprene rubber, butadiene propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(partial) Vinyl chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene glycol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, liquid crystal polymer, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, poly Bisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and parylene; the semiconductor material is selected from silicon, germanium, III and Group V compounds, Group II and VI compounds, oxides, solid solutions composed of Group III-V compounds and Group II-VI compounds, amorphous glass semiconductors and organic semiconductors.

11. The generator according to claim 10, wherein the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpropylene carbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate. , polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and parylene; the Group III and V compounds are selected from gallium arsenide and phosphide Gallium; said The compounds of Groups II and VI are selected from cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide; the oxides are selected from manganese, chromium, iron or copper oxides; the solid solution composed of III-V compounds and π-νί compounds is selected from From gallium aluminum arsenic and gallium arsenic phosphorus.

12. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first friction layer and/or the second friction layer are non-conductive oxides, semiconductor oxides or complex oxides, including oxides Silicon, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, Bi0 ₂ or Υ ₂ 0 ₃ .

13. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer is distributed with microstructures in the order of microns or sub-microns. .

14. The generator of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanogrooves, microgrooves, nanocones, microcones, and nanospheres. and micron spherical structures.

15. The generator according to claim 13, wherein the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer is dotted or coated with nanomaterials.

16. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer are chemically modified so that when the polarity is positive Functional groups that can easily lose electrons are introduced on the surface of materials and/or functional groups that can easily gain electrons are introduced on the surface of materials with negative polarity.

17. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the upper surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the second friction layer is chemically modified so that when the polarity is positive Positive charges are introduced on the surface of materials and/or negative charges are introduced on the surface of materials with negative polarity.

18. The generator according to any one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that, the first friction layer is made of conductive material and is integrated with the first conductive element, or, the second friction layer The layer is of electrically conductive material and is integrated with the second electrically conductive element.

19. The generator according to claim 18, wherein the conductive material constituting the first friction layer or the second friction layer is selected from metals and conductive oxides.

20. The generator of claim 19, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed of the above metals.

21. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are selected from metals and conductive oxides.

22. The generator according to claim 21, wherein the first conductive element and/or the second conductive element are selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and Alloys formed from the above metals.

23. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it includes one of the first components and one of the second components.

24. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it includes one first component and two second components, wherein the first component is made of conductive It is composed of a first friction layer, and the two second components are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the first friction layer.

25. The generator according to claim 24, wherein the second friction layer in the two second components has the same friction electrode sequence trend as the first friction layer.

26. A wind friction nanogenerator unit, consisting of two as claimed in any one of claims 1-25 The generator configuration described above is characterized in that: the two generators are placed opposite each other, so that the two second components face each other and are separated by a certain distance.

27. The generator set according to claim 26, characterized in that the two generators are the same.

28. The generator set according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the first components of the two generators are parallel to each other.

29. The generator set according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that an included angle is formed between the first components of the two generators.

30. The generator set according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the directions of the two generators are the same.

31. A layered wind turbine generator set, characterized in that it is composed of two or more generator sets according to any one of claims 26-30, which are stacked longitudinally, and are arranged between the first components of two adjacent generator sets. Connectors connect the two.

32. The layered wind turbine generator set according to claim 31, characterized in that the connecting piece is made of insulating material.

33. The layered wind turbine generator set according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that all first components of the generator set are parallel.

34. The layered wind turbine generator set according to any one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that the direction of the generators in all the generator sets is the same.

35. The layered wind turbine generator set according to any one of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that Therefore, the generators in all the generator sets are the same.

36. The layered wind turbine set according to any one of claims 31 to 35, characterized in that the two first friction layers in contact with each other in all adjacent generating sets are made of conductive materials, and the two first friction layers are made of conductive material. The two are combined into one to form a common first friction layer.

37. The layered wind turbine generator set according to claim 36, characterized in that the common first friction layer has the same friction electrode sequence trend compared with the second friction layers on both sides.