WO2013170651A1

WO2013170651A1 - Friction generator and friction generator unit

Info

Publication number: WO2013170651A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/072493
Authority: WO
Inventors: 范凤茹; 王中林
Original assignee: 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司
Priority date: 2012-05-15
Filing date: 2013-03-12
Publication date: 2013-11-21
Also published as: CN102684546B; WO2013170651A8; CN102684546A

Abstract

A friction generator and friction generator unit. The friction generator comprises two electrodes, the electrode includes high molecular polymer insulating layer (2, 3), a micro-nano concave-convex structure is disposed on one surface of the high molecular polymer insulating layer, a metal film (1) is disposed on another surface of the high molecular polymer insulating layer. The surface with the micro-nano concave-convex structure (4) of the high molecular polymer insulation layer is fit fixedly against the surface with the micro-nano concave-convex structure of another insulation layer. The metal film is the electrode of the output voltage and current of the friction generator. The friction generator unit is consists of friction generators connected in parallel or in series. The friction generator and friction generator unit produce electricity depending on the change of the internal friction on the electric potential and the induced effect on both sides of the metal plates.

Description

Friction generator

Technical field

The invention relates to a power generation device, in particular to a friction generator and a friction generator set. Background technique

Energy harvesting and conversion devices using nanotechnology are likely to play a key role in the manufacture and driving of self-powered nanodevices and nanosystem devices due to their unique self-generating and self-driven properties, which have recently attracted researchers from various countries. The more attention you have. In 2006, Professor Wang Zhonglin of the Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States successfully realized the first piezoelectric nanogenerator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using oxidized nanowires. Subsequently, based on the piezoelectric effect, various nano-generators based on different materials and structures were successively developed. At present, the output power of nano-generators is sufficient to drive commercial light-emitting diodes (LEDs), small liquid crystal displays, and even self-powered wireless data transmission equipment. The power density has also reached l-10 mW/cm ³ .

Generally speaking, a generator is a power generation method capable of generating electric charges, separating positive and negative charges, generating a potential difference, and driving free electrons to be moved by a potential difference. It is based on electromagnetic, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and even electrostatic effects. Nanogenerators rely on the piezoelectric potential generated by the oxidation of nanowires to achieve power generation. On the other hand, triboelectricity and static phenomena are a very common phenomenon that exists in all aspects of our normal life, from walking to driving. Because it is difficult to collect and use, it is often a form of energy that people have neglected. If we can collect the electrical energy generated by friction through a new method or use this method to convert the irregular kinetic energy in daily life into usable electrical energy, it will have an important impact on our daily life. So far, micro-electrostatic generators have been successfully developed and are widely used in the field of micro-electromechanical (MEMS). However, the design of micro-electrostatic generators is mainly based on inorganic silicon materials, and the fabrication of devices requires complicated processes and precise operations. The preparation of the entire device requires large equipment and special production conditions, and the cost is too high, which is not conducive to the commercialization and daily application of the generator. Chinese Patent Application No. 200910080638.X discloses a rotary friction generator which generates electricity by using a frictional electricity generation phenomenon, and the stator friction material of the inner wall of the outer casing is in close contact with the rotor friction material of the outer wall of the rotor shaft cylinder, and the rotor is rotated. a shaft cylinder that causes rotational friction between the stator friction material and the rotor friction material to generate Current is drawn from the rotor output. However, the rotary friction generator requires specific mechanical energy to be used, and cannot be used to collect and convert irregular kinetic energy, such as the movement of muscle parts of the human body and disordered wind energy, and the power generation efficiency of the device is not high.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a friction generator and a friction generator set with a wider application environment and higher power generation efficiency in order to solve the problems in the prior art.

The present invention provides a friction generator including a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode includes a first polymer insulating layer, and one side surface of the first polymer insulating layer is disposed a micro-nano-convex structure, a surface of the first polymer polymer insulating layer is provided with a metal thin film; the second electrode includes a second polymer insulating layer, and the second polymer insulating layer One side surface is provided with a micro-nano concave-convex structure, and the other side surface of the second high-molecular polymer insulating layer is provided with a metal thin film; a surface of the first electrode micro-nano concave-convex structure and the second electrode micro-nano The surface of the concave-convex structure is directly attached to the fixed connection; the metal film on the first polymer insulating layer and the metal film on the second polymer insulating layer are voltages of the friction generator Current output electrode. The present invention also provides a friction generator set which is constructed in series or in parallel by the friction generator of the present invention to increase the output power per unit area.

Preferably, the surface of the first electrode micro/nano-convex structure is directly opposite to the surface of the second electrode micro-nano-concave structure and is fixedly connected through the outer edge.

Preferably, the polymer polymer insulating layer is selected from the group consisting of polyimide film, aniline furfural resin film, polyacetal film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamine furfural film, polyethylene glycol butyl a diester film, a cellulose film, a cellulose acetate film, a polyethylene adipate film, a poly(phenylene terephthalate film), a fiber (recycled) sponge film, a polyurethane elastomer film, Styrene propylene copolymer film, styrene butadiene copolymer film, rayon film, polyfluorene film, methacrylate film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutylene film, polyurethane Flexible sponge film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyvinyl butyral film, furfural phenol film, neoprene film, butadiene propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polyacrylonitrile film And one of an acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and a polyethylene propylene glycol carbonate film, preferably, the first polymer insulating layer and the first High polymer The material of the insulation layer is different. If the first polymer insulating layer of the first electrode is made of the same material as the second polymer insulating layer of the second electrode, the amount of charge that causes triboelectric charging is small.

Preferably, the first electrode and the second electrode are laminated to constitute a flexible flat plate structure capable of generating triboelectricity by any bending or deformation thereof. The flexible flat structure expands the application environment of the friction generator and collects and converts irregular kinetic energy, such as the movement of muscle parts of the human body and disordered wind energy.

Preferably, the micro-nano-convex structure on the surface of the first polymer-polymer insulating layer and the second polymer-polymer insulating layer is a micro-concave structure. More preferably, the micro/nano-convex structure is a nano-scale to micro-scale uneven structure; the nano-scale uneven structure may have a size of 50 nm to 300 nm, and the nano-concave structure has a large friction contact area, which can improve the frictional electrification efficiency.

Optionally, the outer edges of the first electrode and the second electrode can be connected by tape or the like.

Preferably, the metal film on the first polymer insulating layer and the second polymer insulating layer are plated on the surface of the insulating layer by vacuum sputtering or evaporation. The metal film can be any conductive material, such as a transparent conductive film, a conductive polymer, stainless steel, etc.; preferably one of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, iron, tantalum and alloys thereof. The thickness is preferably from 50 nm to 200 nm.

The friction generator provided by the present invention relies on the charging pump effect of the triboelectric potential, which is a single, low cost and mass production method. Based on a two-layer structure, the output voltage can reach 3.3V, the current can reach 0.6μΑ, and the peak power density can reach 10.4mW/cm ³ . The friction generator of the present invention has several unique advantages over other micro energy harvesting methods that are available. First of all, this is a new type of generator based on novel principles and methods, which is likely to open up new research fields for the research and application of organic electronic devices and flexible electronics. Secondly, the entire device manufacturing process does not need Expensive raw materials and advanced manufacturing equipment will benefit large-scale industrial production and practical applications. Finally, the device is based on a flexible polymer sheet that is easy to process, has a long service life, and is easily integrated with other processing techniques. Friction generators show good application prospects, and can obtain energy from many irregular activities such as human activities, tire rotation, wave fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, etc., and can provide self-powered and self-powered products for personal electronic products, environmental monitoring, medical science, etc. Drive equipment has great commercial and practical potential. BRIEF abstract 1 is a schematic structural view of a friction generator of the present invention;

2 is a schematic view showing the micro-nano-convex structure of the surface of the insulating layer of the friction generator of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the charge change of the friction generator of the present invention during power generation.

In the figure: 1-metal film, 2-first polymer insulation layer, 3-second polymer insulation layer, micro-nano-convex structure on the surface of 4-insulation layer.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a typical structure of a high frequency polymer based friction generator. The friction generator is like a sandwich structure consisting of two different polymer sheets, two polymer sheets stacked on each other without any bond between the layers. As shown in Fig. 1, a rectangular (4.5cm x 1.2cm) polyimide film (thickness 125μηι, DuPont 500ΗΝ, Kapton in Figure 3) is used as the first electrode of the polymer insulating layer 2, placed in the first Two high molecular polymer insulating layer 3 flexible polyester film substrate (thickness 220 μηι, PET in Fig. 3). The two short edges of the device are sealed with a common tape to ensure proper contact between the two polymer insulation layers. The two surfaces of the top and bottom of the structure were plated with an alloy metal film 1 (thickness 100 nm, Au in Fig. 3) as an electrode by a sputtering coating method. The metal film plays two important roles here: (1) It is possible to induce a change in the potential of the interface region where the two polymer polymer insulating layers are in contact with each other due to friction, and generate an equal amount of electrically opposite mobile charges; (2) The positive and negative electrodes of the generator are directly connected to the external circuit and are the output electrodes of the voltage and current of the friction generator. The entire manufacturing process of the device can be mass-produced. Therefore, the present invention can be realized under conditions of lower cost, less raw materials, and processing steps.

As shown in Fig. 2, the flexible polyimide film and the polyester film have micro-nano concave and convex structures 4 on the opposite surfaces thereof, and the micro-nano-convex structure 4 can increase frictional resistance and improve power generation efficiency. The micro/nano uneven structure 4 can be formed directly at the time of film preparation, and the surface of the film can be formed into an irregular micro-nano-convex structure by sanding.

Figure 3 is an illustration of the principle of friction generator power generation. When an external force acts on the device, the two polymer insulating layers are deformed and contact and friction occur in the region of the interface. The mechanical external force causes the two polymer polymer insulation layers to slide relative to each other. a knot caused by low levels of friction As a result, due to the existence of the surface roughness of the two polymer insulating layers, equal and opposite electrostatic charges are generated at the interface and distributed on the surface of two different polymer layers, and the surface of the polyester film is mainly positive. The charge, while the surface of the polyimide film is mainly negatively charged, thus forming a dipole layer called the triboelectric potential at the interface. The dipole layer forms an internal potential between the two planar metal plates. Since the polymer layer itself is insulating, the induced charge is not quickly conducted or neutralized. In order to influence the internal potential of the four-phase internal potential, the metal plates will respectively induce the opposite electric free charges, and the induced free charges will be neutralized when the external circuit is turned on, and an external current is formed by the load. . When the external force disappears, the two polymer insulation layers return to the flat state from the bent state, and the relative sliding and friction occur again in this process. The dipole layer changes due to the neutralization of the charge at the interface, and the internal potential changes at the same time. A change in the internal potential will again cause the two metal plates to be induced, producing a free charge that is completely opposite to the bent state. When the free charge flows through the external circuit load, an external current opposite to that in the case of bending is formed again. By repeated friction and recovery, periodic alternating current signals can be formed in the external circuit.

A further detailed description of the power generation process in Figure 3, the first step is the friction process, which generates a local charge in the interface region to form an internal potential. The second step is the induction process. When the device is mechanically deformed, the distance between the two metal plates changes, causing a change in the internal capacitance and an internal potential, which in turn causes a redistribution of the free charge of the two metal plates. An external current is formed when the charge flows through the external circuit load. Only when there is a potential difference between the two electrodes will the free charge move to generate current, and the potential difference is due to the triboelectric effect. The third step is the neutralization process. When the external force disappears, the two polymer insulation layers return to their original state. The distance between the two metal plates is restored to the original state, the internal capacitance is changed again, and the internal potential is weakened or disappeared due to the mutual neutralization of the charges. The two metal plates that have previously reached the potential balance again generate a potential difference. The fourth step is the recovery process. The free charge flows through the external circuit driven by the potential difference to form a current until the potentials of the two metal plates are equal. An external current that is electrically opposite to the deformation of the device is formed in this process. The whole process is the process of friction generator outputting AC signal. Eventually, when the friction is removed, the two polymer insulation layers return to their original shape and the charge distribution is restored to its original state. See Figure 3 for the entire power generation process.

In this example, to characterize the performance of a polymer friction generator, the electrical properties of the device were characterized. Due to the presence of a polymer insulation layer between the two metal electrodes, the device is in IV Typical open circuit characteristics are shown in the measurement of (current-voltage). The stepping motor with periodic oscillation (0.33 Hz and 0.13% tension) causes the friction generator to periodically bend and release. The maximum output voltage and current signal of the friction generator reach 3.3V and 0.6μΑ, respectively, and the maximum output power density. It reached 10.4 mW/cm ³ .

The friction generator of the present invention satisfies the principle of linear superposition of basic circuit connections, that is, whether the forward or reverse connection is connected to the measuring device, the total output current can be enhanced (in the same direction) or reduced (opposite direction) in the manner of parallel devices. . Therefore, it is possible to increase the output current by parallelly connecting a plurality of friction generators in parallel and by arranging a multi-layer generator at the same time due to the thin panel structure of the friction generator. Of course, it is also possible to form a friction generator set by connecting a plurality of friction generators in series to increase the output voltage.

Above, the present invention demonstrates an innovative and effective method of obtaining energy using friction. Friction generators rely on internal friction to produce electrical potential due to changes in electrical potential and induced effects on the metal plates on both sides. It is a single, efficient and low cost method.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and alterations that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Industrial Applicability The friction generator provided by the present invention generates electric energy by means of internal friction to change electric potential and induced effects of metal plates on both sides, and can be realized at a lower cost, less raw materials, and processing steps.

Claims

claims

1. A triboelectric generator, including a first electrode and a second electrode,

The first electrode includes a first polymer insulating layer, one side surface of the first polymer insulating layer is provided with a micro-nano concave and convex structure, and the other side of the first polymer insulating layer A metal film is provided on the surface;

The second electrode includes a second polymer insulating layer, one side surface of the second polymer insulating layer is provided with a micro-nano concave and convex structure, and the other side of the second polymer insulating layer A metal film is provided on the surface;

The surface of the first electrode micro-nano concave and convex structure and the surface of the second electrode micro-nano concave and convex structure are facing each other and fixedly connected;

The metal film on the first polymer insulating layer and the metal film on the second polymer insulating layer are both voltage and current output electrodes of the triboelectric generator.

2. The triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the first high molecular polymer insulation layer and the second high molecular polymer insulation layer are respectively selected from the group consisting of polyimide film and aniline formaldehyde resin film. , polyformaldehyde film, ethylcellulose film, polyamide film, melamine formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellulose film, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene adipate Film, poly(diallyl phthalate) film, fiber (recycled) sponge film, polyurethane elastomer film, styrene propylene copolymer film, styrene butadiene copolymer film, rayon film, polymethyl film , Methacrylate film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutylene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyvinyl butyral film, One of formaldehyde phenol film, chloroprene rubber film, butadiene propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polyacrylonitrile film, acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and polyethylene propylene glycol carbonate film, but the above The material of the first polymer insulation layer is different from the material of the second polymer insulation layer.

3. The triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are stacked to form a flexible flat plate structure capable of generating triboelectricity through arbitrary bending or deformation.

4. The triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano concave and convex structures on the surfaces of the first polymer insulating layer and the second polymer insulating layer are nanoscale to microscopic. Meter-scale concave and convex structure.

5. The triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the outer edges of the first electrode and the second electrode are connected through tape.

6. The triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the metal film on the first polymer insulating layer and the metal film on the second polymer insulating layer are formed by vacuum sputtering. Or be plated on the surface of the insulating layer by evaporation method.

7. The triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the metal film material is one of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, iron, selenium and their alloys.

8. A friction generator set, consisting of the friction generators according to any one of claims 1 to 7 connected in parallel or in series.