WO2014206098A1

WO2014206098A1 - Surrounding-type unipolar friction nanometer power generator, power generation method, and tracking device

Info

Publication number: WO2014206098A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/072212
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王中林; 杨亚; 张虎林
Original assignee: 国家纳米科学中心
Priority date: 2013-06-28
Filing date: 2014-02-19
Publication date: 2014-12-31
Also published as: CN104253562B; CN104253562A

Abstract

According to the present invention, a unipolar friction power generator is constructed by using different triboelectric properties of a polymer material and a metal material, and a tracking system based on the power generator is manufactured. In the tracking system, an array matrix is formed by multiple power generator units. When an object moves on the tracking system, pressure acts on the power generator, causing two layers of triboelectric materials forming the power generator to contact, to output an electrical signal externally. When the object leaves the power generator, the two layers of triboelectric materials forming the power generator are separated under the action of an elastic material, and also output an electrical signal externally. The tracking system based on the friction power generator in the present invention can track moving paths of some objects, and has the features of a low cost, being self-driven, a simple structure, and the like.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a friction nano-generator, and more particularly to a surrounding single-electrode friction nano-generator, a generator set, a power generation method, and a generator based thereon Tracking device. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The working principle of a frictional nanogenerator is to generate electricity based on mutual contact and separation between two materials having different triboelectric properties. However, all of the friction nano-generators currently reported require two electrode layers, at least one of which needs to be formed by depositing a conductive metal on the surface of the friction film material, and external electrical energy is realized by the two electrode layers. Output. On the one hand, such a generator has a high manufacturing cost due to the deposition of metal, and on the other hand, the thickness of the friction material must be within a certain range. These limitations have greatly hindered the popularization and application of friction nanogenerators. The tracking system has broad application prospects in security monitoring, human-machine interface and medical science. The general tracking system provides tracking and positioning of object movement by providing information on time and location. The existing tracking system is based on a number of optical, magnetic and mechanical sensor networks for tracking, and external power supply is essential for these sensors. A large amount of power consumption makes these existing tracking systems difficult to be widely used in the future energy crisis. Developing a self-driven tracking system is the key to fundamentally solving the long-term and stable operation of these devices. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the above technical deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a surrounding single-electrode friction nano-generator, a generator set, a power generation method, and a self-driven tracking based on the generator, which are simple in structure and low in cost. Device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention first provides a surrounding single-electrode friction nano-fabric An electric machine characterized by comprising a first member having elastic bending deformation characteristics and enclosing a cavity and a second member at least partially in the cavity, the first member facing the at least part of the inner surface of the second member being rubbed a layer or an electrode layer, at least part of an outer surface of the second component facing the first component is an electrode layer or a friction layer, the electrode layer is electrically connected to an equipotential source, and at least part of the surface of the friction layer and the electrode layer Contact and separation can occur under the action of an external force and the elasticity of the first member, while an electrical signal is output through the electrode layer and the equipotential source.

Preferably, there is a friction electrode sequence difference between the friction layer and the electrode layer.

Preferably, the friction layer is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, and polychloroether. , polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyvinyl butyral, nylon, polyacrylonitrile and polybisphenol carbonate.

Preferably, the electrode layer is a conductive material selected from the group consisting of metal, indium tin oxide, organic conductor or doped semiconductor.

Preferably, the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and an alloy formed of the above metal, the organic conductor being a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, poly Phenyl sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compounds, polyaniline and polythiophene.

Preferably, the electrode layer is a film or bulk phase material, wherein the film has a thickness of from 10 nm to 5 mm.

Preferably, the friction layer faces the surface of the electrode layer, and/or the electrode layer faces the surface of the friction layer, and all or part of the microstructure is distributed on the order of micrometers or submicrometers.

Preferably, the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres, and is formed from the foregoing structures Array.

Preferably, the friction layer faces the surface of the electrode layer, and/or the electrode layer On the surface of the friction layer, there are embellishments or coatings of nanomaterials.

Preferably, the friction layer faces the surface of the electrode layer, and/or the electrode layer faces the surface of the friction layer, and is chemically modified, and the friction electrode sequence is relatively negative on both surfaces to easily obtain electrons. The functional group, and/or, in both of them, the surface of the friction electrode sequence that is relatively positive introduces a functional group that easily loses electrons.

Preferably, the entire inner surface of the first member facing the cavity is the friction layer or the electrode layer.

Preferably, the first component is a non-closed structure, and the upper and lower surfaces of the second component are respectively fixed to the non-closed edge of the first component such that a portion of the second component is located in the cavity.

Preferably, the first component is a closed curved surface or a fully enclosed structure.

Preferably, the closed curved surface is a hollow cylindrical surface; the fully enclosed structure is a hollow ellipsoid, a hollow sphere, a hollow polyhedron or a hollow cake-like structure with a thick intermediate edge and a thin edge.

Preferably, the second component is a film, a polyhedron, a cylinder, or a sphere.

Preferably, the second component is a flat plate structure.

Preferably, the second component is a curved surface structure that is in contact with a portion of the inner surface of the first component. Preferably, during the separation, the maximum separation pitch that the friction layer and the surface of the electrode layer are in contact with each other can be made larger or larger than the length and width dimensions of the contact faces of the two.

Preferably, the ratio of the maximum separation pitch to the length of the contact surface, and the ratio of the maximum pitch to the width of the contact surface are between 1-100.

Preferably, the equipotential source is provided by ground.

Preferably, the electrical connection is achieved by an external circuit that requires power.

Preferably, a load is further included, and the electrode layer is electrically connected to the equipotential source through the load. Preferably, the elastic bending deformation characteristic of the first member is provided by the friction layer or the electrode layer, or is provided by a first supporting member additionally included, the first supporting member being attached to the first A friction or electrode layer of a component faces away from the outer surface of the cavity.

Preferably, the first support member is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene.

Preferably, the first support member has a thickness of between 50 μπι and 10 mm.

Preferably, the second member further includes a second support member having an outer side surface that is in contact with the friction layer or the electrode layer.

Preferably, the second support element is a rigid material.

The invention also provides a single-electrode friction nano-generator set characterized in that two or more of the above-mentioned single-electrode generators are formed in parallel, and the electrical signals output by the respective generators are separately monitored or uniformly monitored.

Preferably, the two or more generators form the generator set by longitudinal superposition. Preferably, the two or more generators form the generator set by laterally side by side placement. Preferably, all of the generators share a second component of the flat plate type.

Preferably, the first components of the two or more generators are at least partially different or substantially identical.

The present invention also provides a power generation method in which any of the generators or generator sets disclosed in the present invention can be used, including the following steps:

(1) providing a friction layer,

(2) providing an electrode layer,

(3) electrically connecting the electrode layer to an equipotential source;

(4) applying an external force to shape between the friction layer and at least a portion of the surface of the electrode layer Electrical signal.

Preferably, the friction layer and the electrode layer are in full contact in step (4).

Preferably, a force applied in the step (4) is a continuous external force in which the direction is periodically reversed or the magnitude is periodically changed.

The present invention also provides a tracking device based on the above single-electrode friction nano-generator, comprising: two or more of the foregoing generators, wherein an outer surface of the first component of each of the generators is disposed at Tracking the surface on which the object travels, and the electrode layer and the friction layer are capable of at least partial surface contact under the pressure of the object being tracked, and returning to the original state after the object being tracked leaves, the electrical signal output by each generator is independent monitor.

Compared with the prior art, the single electrode friction nanogenerator of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. For the first time, a single-electrode-based friction nano-generator was fabricated. Only a triboelectric polymer material and a conductive material were used to make a nano-generator. It is no longer necessary to plate a metal electrode on the surface of the triboelectric polymer material. Layers, greatly reducing production costs.

2. The electrical signal output of the friction nano-generator is realized by single-ended grounding for the first time, which greatly simplifies the circuit connection during use, and its application range has been significantly expanded.

3. A self-driven tracking device was first fabricated using a friction generator array. The device enables efficient detection of the path of movement of the object based on the interaction of the object being detected with the environment. The device does not require an external power supply unit, and mainly relies on signals from the friction motor that the object is moving during the movement to detect the object. DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same parts. The drawings are not intentionally scaled to the actual size and the like, and the emphasis is on the gist of the present invention.

1 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention; 2 is a working principle diagram of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention;

3 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention; 8 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention; FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention; FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a single-electrode friction generator set according to the present invention; FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing another typical structure of a single-electrode friction generator set according to the present invention; Another typical structural diagram of a single-electrode friction generator set; Figure 14 is a tracking of a single-electrode friction generator according to the present invention A typical schematic structure of FIG opposed;

Figure 15 is a circuit connection diagram, a structural diagram, and an electrical signal response diagram of the tracking device of Example 3. detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are illustrated by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. "Grounding" as used in the present invention means connecting to an object capable of providing or receiving a large amount of electric charge, wherein "ground" means a ground or conductive substance whose electric potential is taken to zero at any point, such as a ship or a carrier. The metal casing of the tool, etc.

The "friction electrode sequence" as used in the present invention refers to the order of the materials according to their degree of attraction to the charge. When the two materials rub against each other, the negative charge on the friction surface is compared with the polarity of the friction electrode sequence. The positive material surface is transferred to the surface of the material that is more polar in the friction electrode sequence. For example, when the polymer material Teflon is in contact with the aluminum foil of the metal material, the aluminum foil is positively charged, that is, the electron power is weak, and the polymer material Teflon is negatively charged, so that the electron power is strong. . To date, there is no unified theory that can fully explain the mechanism of charge transfer. It is generally believed that this charge transfer is related to the surface work function of the material, and charge transfer is achieved by electron or ion transfer on the contact surface. It should be noted that the friction electrode sequence is only an empirically based statistical result, that is, the further the difference between the two materials in the sequence, the greater the positive and negative charge generated after the contact and the probability of the sequence being coincident, and Actual results are affected by a variety of factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity, and relative friction.

The "contact charge" as used in the present invention refers to the charge on the surface of a material having a difference in polarity between two kinds of friction electrode sequences after contact friction and separation, and it is generally considered that the charge is only distributed on the surface of the material. The maximum depth of distribution is only about 10 nanometers. It should be noted that the sign of the contact charge is a sign of the net charge, that is, there may be a concentrated region of negative charge in a local region of the surface of the material with a positive contact charge, but the sign of the net charge of the entire surface is positive.

In the present invention, the direction of the generator is longitudinal when the friction layer and the electrode layer are in a vertical relationship, that is, the friction layer is on the upper side, the electrode layer is on the bottom, or the friction layer is on the lower side, and the electrode layer is on the upper side, and both of the placement states belong to the present invention. The so-called vertical.

Figure 1 shows a typical structure of a surrounding single-electrode friction nanogenerator of the present invention, comprising a first component 10 having elastic bending deformation characteristics and enclosing a cavity and at least a portion a second member 20 in the cavity, at least a portion of the inner surface of the first member 10 facing the second member 20 is a friction layer, and at least a portion of the outer surface of the second member 20 facing the first member 10 is an electrode layer, an electrode layer Electrically connected to the equipotential source 30, at least a portion of the surface of the friction layer and the electrode layer can be contacted and separated by the external force and the elasticity of the first member 10, while the electrical signal is output through the electrode layer and the equipotential source 30.

For convenience of description, the principle of the present invention, the selection principle of each component, and the material range will be described below in conjunction with the typical structure of FIG. 1, but it is obvious that the content is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but can be used for All technical solutions disclosed by the present invention.

The working principle of the generator of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 2. It should be noted that the inner surface of the first component 10 and the outer surface of the second component 20 are made of different colors with the first component 10 and the second component 20 body. The purpose of the distinction is to focus on the interaction between the friction layer and the electrode layer at the surface, rather than indicating that the first component 10 and/or the second component 20 must be composed of two parts. Based on this understanding, the working principle of the generator of the present invention is as follows: Since the frictional layer of the inner surface of the first component 10 and the electrode layer of the outer surface of the second component 20 are different, there is a difference in electron abilities between the two. (In this case, the frictional layer has a weaker electron-capacity as an example), so when the compressive force acts on the first part 10 of the generator to bring the friction layer into contact with some surface of the electrode layer, the surface of the friction layer is brought Positive charge, and the surface of the electrode layer is negatively charged; when the compressive stress is released, the elastic bending deformation characteristic of the first member 10 separates the friction layer from the electrode layer, and breaks the surface charge balance between the friction layer and the electrode layer. In order to restore the balance, electrons flow from the electrode layer to the ground through the external circuit 30, thereby outputting an electrical signal; when the distance between the friction layer and the electrode layer is maximized, the surface charge between the two is again balanced, and the electrons are not balanced. Flow occurs; when the compressive stress is again applied to the generator, the first component 10 is compressed, the surface of the friction layer and the surface of the electrode layer will be close, both The balance of the surface charge is destroyed again, causing electrons to flow from the ground to the electrode layer through the external circuit 30, and output current to the outside. When the friction layer and the electrode layer are in full contact, the surface contact charge reaches equilibrium, The electrons stop directional flow, and no current output is observed in the external circuit 30.

The first component 10 and the second component 20 are the two most important components of the generator of the present invention, providing two surfaces for contact friction, respectively. According to the power generation principle shown in Fig. 2, after the external force is removed, the generator must be able to recover at least partially the surface where the first component 10 and the second component 20 are in contact with each other, so that the output of the electrical signal can be realized. Therefore, the first member 10 must have the property of elastic bending deformation, and the inner surface thereof must provide a friction surface capable of frictional power generation, but the friction surface is specifically a non-conductive friction layer or a conductive electrode layer, which is not specifically limited. of. As long as the friction surface can match the other friction surface provided by the second component 20, for example, the inner surface of the first component 10 is a friction layer, and the outer surface of the second component 20 for contact friction is supposed to be an electrode. In contrast, if the inner surface of the first component 10 is an electrode layer, then the outer surface of the second component 20 should be a friction layer. This change in the position of the friction surface has no effect on the output of the generator and can be determined according to the specific preparation requirements. Whether the friction surface needs to occupy all the inner surfaces of the first member 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is ensured that a portion in contact with the other friction surface provided by the second member 20 has a friction surface, preferably the first member 10 is oriented. The entire inner surface of the cavity is a friction layer or an electrode layer.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the elasticity of the first member 10 is directly provided by the friction layer, and of course may be provided by the electrode layer as long as the positions of the electrode layer and the friction layer are reversed. This kind of elasticity can be achieved by the choice of materials, such as the use of rubber or polyurethane elastomers that are inherently elastic, and can also be achieved through structural adjustments, such as the use of metal foils instead of metal slabs in the electrode layer. Conventional choices in the art are not described herein. However, this is not the only way in which the first component 10 has elastic bending deformation characteristics, and the first component 10 can be subjected to elastic bending deformation characteristics by the addition of the first supporting member, which will be the embodiment shown in FIG. Introduced in detail.

The shape of the first member 10 is not particularly limited. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, A component 10 is a U-shaped non-closed structure formed by bending a sheet of material, and some metal foils can realize this structure. In addition, other closed curved surfaces or fully enclosed structures, such as hollow spheres or hollow cake-like structures with thick intermediate edges and thin edges, may be selected as needed, as will be described in detail in later embodiments (see Figures 6-10).

The second member 20 merely serves to provide a friction surface, and its shape and size are preferably matched with the friction layer of the first member 10, particularly the inner surface of the first member 10, so that the generator is under the action of an external force. The friction layer and the electrode layer can be realized to have the largest contact area, thereby improving the output performance of the generator. In general, the second component 20 can be a film, a cuboid, a cube or a sphere, preferably a flat structure.

At least part of the surface of the second component 20 must be in the cavity formed by the first component 10 to ensure that the first component 10 and the second component 20 can be in surface contact under the action of an external force, and the relative position can be formed. The fixing member is realized, for example, in the manner shown in FIG. 1, when there is no external force, there is no contact between the first member 10 and the second member 20, and the relative position must be maintained by the external fixing member (not shown) Out) to complete. In addition, the same purpose can be achieved by direct contact fixing, such as the non-closed structure shown in FIG. 3: the first component 10 is bent and the two opposite sides are respectively associated with the second component 20 The upper and lower surfaces are fixed to form a cavity such that a portion of the second member 20 is located within the cavity. The connection of the first component 10 and the second component 20 can be by conventional means of attachment in the art, such as by bonding with insulating glue, by double-sided adhesive bonding, by clamping members, and the like.

According to the foregoing power generation principle, it can be seen that the difference in the friction electrode sequence between the friction layer and the electrode layer is the key to generating an electrical signal, and the following polymer materials can be used in the friction layer of the present invention, and have the order of arrangement. Increasingly strong electronic capabilities: polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, poly Chloroprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene. For the sake of space, it is not exhaustive for all possible materials. Only a few specific polymer materials are listed here for reference, but it is obvious that these specific materials are not limiting factors for the scope of protection of the present invention. Because of the teachings of the invention, those skilled in the art will readily be able to select other similar materials based on the triboelectric properties of these materials.

It has been found through experiments that the greater the difference in electron abilities between the material of the friction layer and the material of the electrode layer, the stronger the electrical signal output by the nano-generator. Therefore, according to the sequence listed above and a simple comparison experiment, a suitable polymer material can be selected as the friction layer to obtain the best electrical signal output performance.

The electrode layer not only provides a friction surface for power generation in the generator, but also functions as an electrode, and needs to pass an external circuit when the electric field formed by the surface charge is unbalanced.

30 transmits electrons. Therefore, the surface of the electrode layer in contact with the friction layer needs to be composed of a conductive material, or the whole is made of a conductive material, and the conductive material may be selected from a metal, an indium tin oxide, an organic conductor or a doped semiconductor, and the electrode layer may be It is a flat plate, a sheet or a film, wherein the film thickness can be selected from the range of 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably 50 nm to 1 mm, preferably 100 ηπι to 500 μm. Metals commonly used in the art include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals; organic conductors are generally conductive polymers, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, Polyphthalocyanine compounds, polyanilines and/or polythiophenes.

Only one electrode layer in the entire generator is the most remarkable feature of the present invention, and the position of the electrode layer is not limited to be located on the outer surface of the second member 20, and may be located on the inner surface of the first member 10, such a position. The change has no significant effect on the effect of the generator, and the technician can choose from the actual needs and manufacturing costs.

In order to improve the output performance of the generator of the present invention, preferably, the friction layer faces the surface of the electrode layer, and/or the electrode layer faces the surface of the friction layer, and all or part of the microstructure is distributed on the order of micrometer or submicron. To increase the effective contact area of the friction layer and the electrode layer, and improve The surface charge density of both. The microstructure is preferably a nanowire, a nanotube, a nanoparticle, a nanorod, a nanoflower, a nanogroove, a microgroove, a nanocone, a micron cone, a nanosphere, and a microspherical structure, and an array formed by the foregoing structure, in particular A nano-array composed of nanowires, nanotubes or nanorods, which may be a linear, cubic, or quadrangular pyramid-shaped array prepared by photolithography, plasma etching, etc., the size of each such unit in the array On the order of nanometers to micrometers, the cell size and shape of a particular micro-nanostructure should not limit the scope of the invention.

In addition to physical methods, methods for forming nanoarrays include chemical methods such as photolithography, chemical etching, and ion etching, and can also be achieved by embellishing or coating nanomaterials. In addition, the surface of the friction layer and/or the electrode layer that are in contact with each other can be chemically modified to further increase the amount of charge transfer at the moment of contact, thereby increasing the contact charge density and the output power of the generator. Chemical modification is divided into the following two types:

One method is to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the material having a relatively positive frictional electrode sequence for the friction layer and the electrode layer that are in contact with each other, or to introduce a surface of the material whose friction electrode sequence is relatively negative. The more readily available electronic functional groups (strong electron-withdrawing electron groups) can further increase the amount of transfer of charge when sliding across each other, thereby increasing the triboelectric charge density and the output power of the generator. Strong electron donating groups include: amino group, hydroxyl group, decyloxy group, etc.; strong electron withdrawing group includes: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like. The introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as plasma surface modification. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gas can be generated at a certain power to introduce an amino group on the surface of the friction layer material.

Another method is to introduce a positive charge on the surface of the friction material with a relatively positive polarity and a negative charge on the surface of the friction material with a negative polarity. Specifically, it can be achieved by chemical bonding. For example, a sol-gel (in English abbreviated as TEOS) can be modified on the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) friction layer to be negatively charged. It is also possible to use a gold-sulfur bond on the metal gold film layer to modify the upper surface to contain sixteen The gold nanoparticles of decyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), due to the cation of hexadecanyltrimethylammonium bromide, make the entire friction layer positively charged. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable modifying material and bond it according to the electron-loss property of the friction layer material and the kind of surface chemical bond to achieve the object of the present invention, and thus such deformation is within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention does not limit the friction layer and the electrode layer to be a hard material, and may also select a flexible material, because the hardness of the material does not affect the contact friction effect between the two, and if the friction surface is maintained in a plane, other components may also be used. Support is achieved. Therefore, the person skilled in the art can select the material hardness of the friction layer and the electrode layer according to the actual situation.

The inventors found in experiments that the maximum separation pitch d that can be achieved when the friction layer and the surface of the electrode layer are in contact with each other can be even larger than the length and width D of the contact faces of the two (see Fig. 2, only The lengths of the contact faces are shown, the width is not shown, but the width is also comparable to d, and the output performance of the generator is better. Preferably, the ratio of the maximum separation distance d to the length and the width is between 0.5 and 100, more preferably between 1 and 100. Of course, the ratio can be larger, and the theoretical electrical signal output performance is better. However, it is necessary to consider the ease of processing of the device. Therefore, the size and relative position of the friction layer and the electrode layer can be adjusted according to the principle in actual use in order to achieve better power generation performance.

The electrical connection of the electrode layer to the equipotential source is the key to the normal operation of the generator of the present invention, which may be provided by grounding or by an external compensation circuit. The electrical connection can be realized either directly through the external circuit 30 that needs to be powered, or by setting a load inside the generator (not shown), that is, the electrode layer is electrically connected to the equipotential source through the load. The external circuit 30 that needs to be powered receives electrical signals by being connected in parallel or in series with the load.

4 is a typical embodiment of a generator of the present invention having a first support member, including a first member having at least one cavity and having at least a portion having elastic bending deformation characteristics a second component 20 in the cavity, wherein the first component is comprised of a friction layer 101 facing the cavity and a first support element 102 that conforms to the outer surface of the friction layer 101, the second component 20 facing the friction layer 101 At least part of the outer surface is an electrode layer, and the electrode layer is electrically connected to the equipotential source 30, and at least part of the surface of the friction layer and the electrode layer can contact and separate under the action of the external force and the elasticity of the first component, and simultaneously pass through the electrode layer and the like. The potential source 30 outputs an electrical signal.

It has been clarified in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 that the inner surface of the first component may be a friction layer or an electrode layer, so that although the first support element 102 in FIG. 4 is attached to the friction layer 101 facing away from the cavity, On the outer surface, but when the inner surface of the first component is an electrode layer, the first support member 102 can also fit completely over the outer surface of the electrode layer facing away from the cavity. For these two cases, the first supporting element 102 has three main functions: First, the friction layer or the electrode layer is protected to improve the mechanical strength of the generator. For this effect, a conventional wear-resistant material can be selected to prepare the first a supporting member 102, such as a polyester sheet, a rubber sheet or the like; secondly, when the friction layer 101 or the electrode layer is not elastic or insufficiently elastic, it can provide elasticity to the entire first member to ensure the normal operation of the generator. A material having better elastic bending deformation characteristics may be selected to prepare the first support member 102, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene; and third, to provide a conductive first member Insulation protection, when the first component is composed of the electrode layer, the outer surface of the electrode is easily leaked, which not only causes the output performance of the generator to decrease, but also causes inconvenience to the use. For this purpose, an insulating layer can be attached to the outer surface of the electrode layer. The first support member 102 can conveniently solve the problem. At this time, the first support member 102 can select a conventional insulating material in the art. . The first support element 102 is used for any of the above purposes, paying attention to the overall elasticity of the first component. For this purpose, the thickness of the first support element 102 is preferably 50 μπι-10πιπι, preferably 100 μπι-5πιπι, more preferably 127 μπι-1πιπι . The shape and size can be freely selected, preferably matching the shape and size of the friction layer or electrode layer.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the generator of the present invention including a second supporting component, the structure of which is substantially the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, and therefore will not be described again. The difference is described. There are two differences: First, the second component in the manner shown in FIG. 5 is composed of an inner second support member 202 and an electrode layer 201 attached to the outer surface of the second support member 202, and The second component of 4 is provided only by the electrode layer; secondly, in the manner shown in Figure 5, the first component is fixed to one end of the second component such that the second component is completely in the cavity formed by the first component, and Figure 4 The second component is only partially in the cavity and there is no contact between the first component and the second component when there is no external force. With regard to the difference one, the second supporting member 202 functions to improve the mechanical strength, hardness and/or weight of the second member, and is generally prepared from an insulating organic substance such as plexiglass, rubber, silicon wafer, plastic plate, etc., electrode The layer 201 or the friction layer is fixed to its outer surface by conventional means such as deposition or bonding. The shape and size of the second supporting member 201 are not limited, and may be a flat plate type or other shapes as long as it can serve as a support, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a sphere, etc., preferably in the first component. The shape and size of the friction layer match. Regarding the difference 2, the two relative positions and the fixing manners of the first member and the second member shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are advantageous, and the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is not fixed between the first member and the second member. It can be easily disassembled or separately installed on different parts, and the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is more suitable for the whole use case, which is convenient for carrying and packaging, and the effective friction area is also larger. Those skilled in the art can select these two situations according to the actual situation, and can also make simple modifications based on the disclosure of the present invention, which are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a typical embodiment of the first component of the generator of the present invention having a closed curved surface, including a first member having elastic bending deformation characteristics and enclosing a cavity by a closed curved surface and at least partially in the cavity a second member 20, the first member being composed of an inner surface electrode layer 101 and an outer surface first support member 102, the outer surface of the second member 20 facing the first member being a friction layer, the electrode The layer is electrically connected to the equipotential source 30, at least part of the surface of the friction layer and the electrode layer being capable of contacting and separating under the action of an external force and the elasticity of the first member, while passing through the electrode layer and the equipotential Source output telecommunications number.

In this embodiment, the first member is a hollow structure surrounded by a closed curved surface, preferably a hollow cylindrical surface, such as a cylindrical surface, an elliptical cylinder surface, a prism surface or the like. The advantage of this configuration is that no additional fixing members are required between the second member 20 and the first member, and no adhesive is required, and the second member 20 can be placed in the cavity of the first member formed by the closed curved surface. .

The second member 20 may be a flat structure, or may be a cylinder (see FIG. 7), a sphere or a polyhedron, or may be a curved structure that is attached to the inner surface of the first component portion, such as a film, as shown in FIG. Implementation. The shape of the second member is different, and the collection direction of the external force can be adjusted. For example, the flat second member shown in FIG. 6 and the second curved member shown in FIG. 8 are more suitable for collecting perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the flat plate and the curved surface. The pressure, while the second part of the cross section shown in Figure 7 is circular, the pressure in any direction can be better collected. In addition, the second component of the curved structure shown in FIG. 8 is relatively fixed because it fits on the inner surface of the first component, and the shape can be changed with the change of the first component, and the adaptability of the entire generator. Stronger.

Figure 9 is a schematic view showing a typical generator structure in which the first component is a fully enclosed structure, including a first member 10 having elastic bending deformation characteristics and enclosing a fully enclosed cavity by a closed curved surface and placed in the fully enclosed cavity In the second component 20, at least part of the inner surface of the first component 10 is a friction layer, the outer surface of the second component 20 facing the cavity is an electrode layer, and the electrode layer and the equipotential source 30 are electrically The at least part of the surface of the friction layer and the electrode layer can be contacted and separated under the action of an external force and the elasticity of the first member, while an electrical signal is output through the electrode layer and the equipotential source 30.

This fully enclosed structure is more conducive to packaging in order to work in environments where mechanical strength is required or corrosive. The fully enclosed first member 10 may be a hollow ellipsoid or a hollow sphere (see Fig. 9), or may be made into other hollow polyhedrons, such as tetrahedrons, hexahedrons, octahedrons, or not. Regular structure, such as thick middle and thin edges The hollow cake structure and so on. All or part of the inner surface of the first component 10 may be a friction layer or an electrode layer. The second component 20 used in conjunction with the first component 10 may be a flat plate, a polyhedron or a sphere, and all or part of its outer surface may be an electrode layer or a friction layer as long as it matches the first component 10.

The typical structure of various single-electrode friction nano-generators designed by the present invention is given above, and those skilled in the art can perform simple deformation on the basis of these structures to obtain generators suitable for different working environments, but The modifications are all made under the basic idea disclosed in the present invention, and all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of the generator for mechanical energy and enhance the output intensity of the electrical signal, two or more of the above-described single-electrode friction nano-generators disclosed in the present invention may be combined to form a generator set, and the connection mode of each generator may be adjusted. The electrical signals output by each parallel generator are separately monitored or uniformly monitored to meet different needs. It should be noted that, since the generators given in the following are all the generators given in the foregoing, the components have been described in detail in the foregoing, so the following is only for the overall structure of the generator set and the generators. The connection relationship and the parts with special requirements are explained, and other parts of the generator that have no special requirements are not explained, and the above description shall prevail.

Figure 11 is a typical embodiment of the generator set of the present invention, comprising a plurality of generators shown in Figure 3 formed in parallel, the generators being placed side by side and sharing a flat second component 20, electrical signals of all the generators Unified collection. The first component 10, and in particular the friction layers, of each generator may be the same or different, i.e., the first components 10 of all of the generators are at least partially different, or identical. When all the friction layers are the same, any one of the generator units in the generator set will receive the same electrical signal after being subjected to the same external force. When the external force acts on multiple generator units at the same time, the output electrical signals will be accumulated. . From this, the range of action of the external force or the contact area of the external force source with the generator can be inferred. With this feature, the generator set can be used to detect the contact area. When the friction layer in each generator unit is not At the same time, the same external force acting on different generator units will output different electrical signals, that is, the electrical signals output by the generator set can reflect the coordinate information of the external force. Based on this characteristic, the action route of the external force can be tracked. For external forces of different sizes, the value of the electrical signal output by the same generator may vary. The inventors have found that the magnitude of the pressure applied to the generator has a positive correlation with the output of the electrical signal, so that the generator set of the present invention can Used for monitoring pressure distribution.

It should be noted that for several generators working at the same time, the friction layer has the same friction electrode sequence tendency as the electrode layer, that is, after the contact with the electrode layer, the friction layer is easy to obtain electrons or the friction layer is easy to lose. Electronic, this ensures that the signals output by each generator are positively superimposed and the output performance of the generator set is improved. However, if the generators in the generator set do not work at the same time, but only when they are manufactured and discharged together, the electrode layers are shared. There is no such restriction on the choice of materials for the friction layer and the electrode layer in the generator unit.

Figure 12 shows another typical structure of the generator set. Similar to the mode shown in Figure 11, all the generators also share a second component, and the electrical signals of all the generators are collected uniformly, the difference being the first The component 10 is a closed curved surface structure similar to that of Fig. 6, so that the arrangement of the plurality of generators is restricted, and only a row that is strung together as shown in the figure can be formed. Similarly, these generators may be the same or different. When different generators are working at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the friction layer has the same friction electrode order tendency as the electrode layer.

Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the generator of the present invention superposed vertically to form a parallel generator set. Although the generator shown in the figure has the structure of the generator shown in Figure 6, in the actual application process, any generator disclosed in the present invention It can be assembled in this way. In this embodiment, when the applied pressure acts on the generator set, the two generators can be driven at the same time, which obviously improves the utilization of mechanical energy. Of course, it is also possible to adjust the number of superimposed generators according to the magnitude of the external force. The larger the external force, the greater the number, in order to effectively drive the normal operation of all the generators. The superposed generator units can be the same or different, especially for The external circuit 30 connected to each generator unit has different power supply requirements. Different generator units can better solve the problem: For a stronger electric signal, the friction layer of the generator unit can be increased. The separation distance from the electrode layer; for higher sensitivity, the contact surface of the friction layer and the electrode layer of the corresponding generator unit can be processed, for example, to form a nanostructure to increase the contact surface and the like.

Of course, for the lateral arrangement of multiple generator units that do not share the electrode layer, the area detection and route tracking functions can also be realized, but each generator unit needs to be monitored separately, and the route tracking function is required for each monitoring. The route information reflected by the instrument is associated in advance. The advantage of this embodiment is that it can be easily and intuitively monitored by the external force application source and generator contact area and moving route. The present invention also provides a tracking device (see FIG. 14) comprising: two or more of the foregoing generators, each of which has a friction layer or an electrode layer disposed upwardly on a surface on which the object to be tracked travels, And the electrode layer and the friction layer can at least partially contact the surface under the pressure of the object being tracked, and return to the original state after the object to be tracked leaves, and the electrical signals output by each generator are independently monitored, and each monitoring circuit (reference numeral is One end of 301, 302, ... 308) is grounded, and the signals output by each generator are simultaneously collected. When the object moves over the tracking system, different generators are in contact with the object, and the resulting compression force will cause different friction generators to output signals. By analyzing these signals, we can know that the object is on the tracking system. Specific moving path. Although it is shown in FIG. 14 that all of the generators share a second component 20, and the outer surface of the second component 20 is a friction layer, this is only a typical way to achieve separate monitoring of the output signals of the respective generators, in fact Arranging any of the aforementioned generators in a certain pattern, as long as the signals of the respective generators are individually monitored, can be the tracking device of the present invention. The tracking device does not require an external power supply, and when the object to be tracked acts on it, the pressure of the object to be tracked becomes the power source of the tracking device, and the power is converted into an electrical signal for output. From the foregoing description, it can be clearly understood that the present invention also discloses a novel power generation method, which is characterized by the following steps:

(1) providing a friction layer,

(2) Provide an electrode layer,

(3) electrically connecting the electrode layer to an equipotential source;

(4) applying an external force to form at least one contact-separation period between the friction layer and at least a portion of the surface of the electrode layer;

(5) outputting an electrical signal through the electrode layer and the equipotential source during the step (4);

Preferably, the friction layer and the electrode layer are in full contact in the step (4); preferably, a continuous external force in which the direction is periodically reversed or the size is periodically changed is applied in the step (4).

This method is applicable to any of the generators or generator sets disclosed in the present invention, and it is also within the scope of the present invention for the generators of other structures to be powered as described above.

Example 1: Preparation of a Bracketed Single Electrode Friction Nanogenerator

A plexiglass plate 3 cm long and 3 cm thick and 1.59 mm thick was used as a second support member by laser cutting, and an A1 foil was used to cover the plexiglass plate. A 7 cm long, 3 cm thick, 25 μm thick nylon film and a 7 cm long, 3 cm thick, 127 μm thick polyimide were bonded together with a tape. The surface of the nylon is oriented toward the A1 foil, and the two ends are symmetrically fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the plexiglass by a tape to form an elastic cavity (the structure is similar to that of Fig. 3). Connect the A1 foil with a copper wire and connect it to a resistor. The other end of the resistor is grounded. Due to the good elasticity of the polyimide film, it is ensured that the nylon film and the A1 foil are completely separated without pressure. When compressed, the two layers of film can be brought into contact. Applying an external force to the flexible outer membrane of the generator, such as a light press, the voltmeter has a corresponding electrical signal output, saying Ming can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy for power generation.

Example 2: Preparation of a single-electrode friction generator set

A plexiglass plate having a length of 10 cm×10 cm X and a thickness of 1.59 mm was cut by laser as a second supporting member, and a lOcmX 2 cm X 0.5 mm Cu film was prepared at the mirror symmetry of the upper and lower surfaces. Two 10cm X 3cmX lmm polystyrene sheets were taken as the friction layer, and the two ends of each piece were symmetrically fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plexiglass, so that the polystyrene sheets were bent to form a cavity, and polystyrene The sheet is covered directly above the Cu film. Each Cu film is connected by a wire and a resistor grounded at one end to form a generator set having two generators, the structure of which is similar to that of the embodiment shown in FIG. Due to the high elasticity of polystyrene, it is ensured that the polystyrene sheet and the Cu film are completely separated without pressure. When compressed, the opposing surfaces can be touched together, so the generator set can work properly. The experimental results show that the two generators can work not only separately but also at the same time, and the output current and voltage increase significantly at the same time.

Example 3: Preparation of a single-electrode friction generator tracking device

Sixteen friction generators of the same size were fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, and arranged in a 4 x 4 matrix. The circuit connection of the entire generator set is shown in Figure 15-a. The difference from the first embodiment is that the first member is an aluminum foil and the second member is a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet. When the object moves in the tracking system, the contact of the object with the friction generator will cause the generator to compress, thereby outputting an electrical signal to the outside. By collecting these signals, the detection of the moving path of the object can be realized. The system directly uses the friction generator as a trigger sensor, which does not require external power supply, can effectively save energy, and can work stably for a long time. Figure 15-b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the produced tracking system. When compressing a generator, the resulting data image clearly shows the seventh generator (Figure 15-c). Figures 15-d and 15-e show the application of different magnitudes of external forces to the generator, resulting in significantly different response signals, thus the present invention The tracking system can also reflect the gravity information of the object being tracked.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, or modify the equivalents of equivalent changes without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. Example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications of the above embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

Rights request

1. A single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized by including:

a first component that has elastic bending deformation characteristics and forms a cavity,

and,

a second component located at least partially within said cavity,

At least part of the inner surface of the first component facing the second component is a friction layer or an electrode layer. Correspondingly, at least part of the outer surface of the second component facing the first component is an electrode layer or a friction layer.

The electrode layer is electrically connected to the equipotential source,

At least part of the surface of the friction layer and the electrode layer can come into contact and separate under the action of external force and the elasticity of the first component, and at the same time, an electrical signal is output through the electrode layer and the equipotential source.

2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a triboelectric sequence difference between the friction layer and the electrode layer.

3. The generator according to claim 2, wherein the friction layer is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene. Styrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyvinyl butyral, nylon, polyacrylonitrile and polybisphenol Carbonate.

4. The generator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the electrode layer is a conductive material selected from metal, indium tin oxide, organic conductor or doped semiconductor.

5. The generator according to claim 4, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed of the above metals, and the organic matter The conductor is a conductive polymer, including polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compounds, polyaniline and polythiophene.

6. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrode layer is a thin film or bulk material, and the thickness of the thin film is 10 nm-5 mm.

7. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the friction layer On the surface of the electrode layer and/or on the surface of the electrode layer facing the friction layer, microstructures on the order of microns or sub-microns are distributed in whole or in part.

8. The generator according to claim 7, characterized in that the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanogrooves, micron grooves, nanocones, micron cones, Nanospheres and microsphere structures, and arrays formed from the foregoing structures.

9. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the friction layer faces the surface of the electrode layer, and/or, the surface of the electrode layer facing the friction layer contains nanomaterials. embellishment or coating.

10. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the friction layer faces the surface of the electrode layer, and/or, the surface of the electrode layer facing the friction layer is chemically modified. , introducing functional groups that can easily gain electrons on the surface where the triboelectrode order is relatively negative among the two, and/or introducing functional groups that can easily lose electrons on the surface where the triboelectrode order is relatively positive.

11. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that all inner surfaces of the first component facing the cavity are the friction layer or the electrode layer.

12. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first component has a non-closed structure, and the upper and lower surfaces of the second component are respectively fixed to the non-closed edges of the first component. , so that part of the second component is located in the cavity.

13. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first component is a closed curved surface or a fully enclosed structure.

14. The generator according to claim 13, characterized in that the closed curved surface is a hollow cylinder; the fully enclosed structure is a hollow ellipsoid, a hollow sphere, a hollow polyhedron or a thick middle and thin edge Hollow pie-shaped structure.

15. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the second component is a film, a polyhedron, a cylinder, or a sphere.

16. The generator according to claims 1-14, characterized in that the second component is flat

17. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the second component is a curved surface structure that is in contact with part of the inner surface of the first component.

18. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that during the separation process, the maximum separation distance that can be achieved by the parts of the surfaces of the friction layer and the electrode layer that are in contact with each other is in contact with each other. Face length and width dimensions are comparable or greater.

19. The generator according to claim 18, characterized in that the ratio of the maximum separation distance to the length of the contact surface, and the ratio of the maximum separation distance to the width of the contact surface are both in the range of 1-100 between.

20. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the equipotential source is provided through grounding.

21. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the electrical connection is realized through an external circuit that requires power supply.

22. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the generator further includes a load, and the electrode layer is electrically connected to the equal potential source through the load.

23. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the elastic bending deformation characteristics of the first component are provided by the friction layer or the electrode layer, or by a first support additionally included. The element is provided, and the first supporting element is attached to the outer surface of the friction layer or electrode layer of the first component facing away from the cavity.

24. The generator according to claim 23, wherein the first supporting element is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene.

25. The generator according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the thickness of the first supporting element is between 50 μm and 10 mm.

26. The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the second component further includes a second supporting element, the outer surface of which is in contact with the friction layer or electrode layer.

27. The generator according to claim 26, characterized in that the second supporting element is made of rigid material.

28. A single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator set, characterized in that it is formed by parallel connection of the single-electrode generators described in more than two of claims 1-27, and the electrical signals output by each generator are monitored individually or uniformly.

29. The generator set according to claim 28, characterized in that the two or more generators are longitudinally superimposed to form the generator set.

30. The generator set according to claim 28, characterized in that the two or more generators are placed side by side laterally to form the generator set.

31. The generator set according to claim 30, characterized in that all generators share a flat second component.

32. The generator set according to claim 31, characterized in that the first components of the two or more generators are at least partially different, or identical.

33. A power generation method, characterized by including the following steps:

1) Provide a friction layer,

2) Provide an electrode layer,

3) Form an electrical connection between the electrode layer and the equipotential source;

4) Apply external force to form at least one contact-separation cycle between the friction layer and at least part of the surface of the electrode layer;

5) In the process of step 4), output an electrical signal through the electrode layer and the equal potential source.

34. The power generation method according to claim 33, characterized in that the friction layer and the electrode layer in step 4) are in complete contact.

35. The power generation method according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that in step 4), a continuous external force whose direction is periodically reversed or whose magnitude is periodically changed is applied.

36. A tracking device based on a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized by comprising: the generator described in at least two of claims 1-27, and the first component of each generator The outer surfaces are all arranged on the surface on which the tracked object travels, and the electrode layer and the friction layer can at least partially contact the surface under the pressure of the tracked object, and return to their original state after the tracked object leaves, each generator The output electrical signals are independently monitored.