CN103780128A

CN103780128A - Wind power friction nanometer generator

Info

Publication number: CN103780128A
Application number: CN201310131027.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王中林; 朱光; 林宗宏
Original assignee: National Center for Nanosccience and Technology China
Current assignee: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
Priority date: 2013-04-16
Filing date: 2013-04-16
Publication date: 2014-05-07
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-16
Also published as: WO2014169724A1; CN103780128B

Abstract

This invention provides a wind power friction nanometer generator comprising a first part and a second part which can perform elastic bending deformation. The first part comprises a first conducting element and a first friction layer which is directly attached to the upper surface of the first conducting element; the second part comprises a second friction layer and a second conducting element which is directly attached to the upper surface of the second friction layer; at least one of the first part and the second part is relatively fixed, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer are opposite to each other; at least part of the upper surface of the first friction layer and the lower surface of the second friction layer form a contact-separate circulation under the action of the wind force, and electric signals are outputted to an external circuit through the first conducting element and the second conducting element. When tangential periodic external forces are applied on the sliding friction nanometer generator, alternating current pulse signal output is formed between the first conducting element and the second conducting element.

Description

A kind of wind-force friction nano generator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of wind-driven generator, the nano generator that particularly utilizes wind drive contact friction to generate electricity.

Background technology

Along with the rapid rise of technology of Internet of things, a large amount of novel microelectronic devices with several functions and Highgrade integration are constantly developed, and show unprecedented application prospect in the every field of people's daily life.But, and the research of these microelectronic devices power-supply system of mating but relatively lags behind, in general, the power supply of these microelectronic devices is all directly or indirectly to come from battery.Not only volume is large, quality is heavier for battery, and the poisonous chemical confrontation environment containing and human body exist potential harm.Therefore, developing the technology that the mechanical energy that motion, vibration etc. can be existed is naturally converted into electric energy is extremely important.

Wind energy, as the huge green clean energy resource of a kind of potential, is subject to people's attention from ancient times to the present always.Solve by efficient utilization and storage wind energy the energy scarcity problem facing at present, become whole world people's a common recognition.Wherein, wind power generation is a main and important Wind Power Utilization approach.But current wind power generation is all the kinetic energy that drives the rotation of windmill to keep watch by wind is transformed into mechanical energy, then by generator, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy.And for stable electric generation, also must add a speed-changing gear box of windmill rotating speed being brought up to generator rated speed, and a speed adjusting gear makes rotating speed keep stable.Visible, the structure of whole wind-driven generator is very complicated, needs a lot of large-scale assemblies, cannot meet the power reguirements of microelectronic device at all.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the problems referred to above of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of wind-force nano generator based on contact friction generating, utilize the kinetic energy of wind and the variability of kinetic energy to drive two frictional layers to come in contact and separate, and then the generation signal of telecommunication is outwards exported.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of wind-force friction nano generator, comprise first component and the second component that elastic bending deformation can occur, it is characterized in that:

Described first component comprises the first conducting element, and first frictional layer of directly fitting with described the first conducting element upper surface;

Described second component comprises the second frictional layer, and second conducting element of directly fitting with described the second frictional layer upper surface;

At least one end is relative fixing with second component for described first component, and described the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer face-to-face;

Under the effect of wind-force, at least partly the upper surface of described the first frictional layer forms with the lower surface of described the second frictional layer contact-separating cycle, and passes through described the first conducting element and the second conducting element to external circuit output electrical signals;

Preferably, between the top surface of described the first frictional layer and the lower surface material of described the second frictional layer, there is friction electrode order difference;

Preferably, one end of described second component is fixed on first component, and the other end is free end;

Preferably, the two ends of described second component are fixed on first component and make described the second frictional layer form a curved surface, and form gap between at least part of upper surface of described the first frictional layer and the lower surface of described the second frictional layer;

Preferably, also comprise a baffle plate, place at the face-to-face interval of described baffle plate and described second component, makes described second component between described baffle plate and described first component;

Preferably, described baffle plate is parallel with described first component;

Preferably, described baffle plate has stereochemical structure or sets up accessory on the surface towards second component;

Preferably, described second component is flexible, Young's modulus at 10MPa between 10GPa;

Preferably, described the first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer are insulating material or semi-conducting material;

Preferably, described insulating material is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, staple fibre, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, polyurethane flexible sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, phenolic resins, neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene the third diphenol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Parylene, solid solution, amorphous glass semiconductor and organic semiconductor that described semi-conducting material is selected from silicon, germanium, III and V compounds of group, II and VI compounds of group, oxide, is made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group,

Preferably, described insulating material is selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene; Described III and V compounds of group are selected from GaAs and gallium phosphide; Described II and VI compounds of group are selected from cadmium sulfide and zinc sulphide; Described oxide is selected from the oxide of manganese, chromium, iron or copper; The described solid solution being made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group is selected from gallium aluminum arsenide and gallium arsenic phosphide;

Preferably, described the first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer are non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate or complex oxide, comprise silica, aluminium oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO ₂or Y ₂o ₃.

Preferably, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer is distributed with the micro-structural of micron or inferior micron dimension;

Preferably, described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer rods, nanometer channel, micron groove, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic;

Preferably, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer has interspersing of nano material or coating;

Preferably, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer is through chemical modification, and making in polarity is that positive material surface is introduced and easily lost the functional group of electronics and/or be that negative material surface is introduced the functional group that easily obtains electronics in polarity;

Preferably, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer, through chemical modification, makes to be positive material surface introducing positive charge and/or to be that negative material surface is introduced negative electrical charge in polarity in polarity;

Preferably, described the first frictional layer is electric conducting material and unites two into one with described the first conducting element, or described the second frictional layer is electric conducting material and unites two into one with described the second conducting element;

Preferably, the described electric conducting material that forms described the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer is selected from metal and conductive oxide;

Preferably, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal;

Preferably, described the first conducting element and/or the second conducting element are selected from metal and conductive oxide;

Preferably, described the first conducting element and/or the second conducting element are selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal;

Preferably, comprise 1 described first component and 1 described second component;

Preferably, comprise 1 described first component and 2 described second components, wherein said first component is made up of described the first frictional layer conducting electricity, and 2 described second components lay respectively at the both sides up and down of described the first frictional layer;

Preferably, the second frictional layer in 2 described second components, compared with described the first frictional layer, has identical friction electrode order trend.

The present invention also provides a kind of generating set, is made up of 2 aforementioned any generators, it is characterized in that: described 2 generators are staggered relatively, makes two second components face-to-face and has certain intervals;

Preferably, described 2 generators are identical;

Preferably, the first component of described 2 generators is parallel to each other;

Preferably, between the first component of described 2 generators, shape has angle;

Preferably, the direction of described 2 generators is identical.

The present invention also provides a kind of stratiform generating set, it is characterized in that by 2 above aforesaid generating sets longitudinally stack form, and connector is set between the first component of two adjacent generating sets the two is connected;

Preferably, described connector is made up of insulating material;

Preferably, the first component of all described generating sets is all parallel;

Preferably, in all described generating sets, the direction of generator is all identical;

Preferably, the generator in all described generating sets is all identical;

Preferably, 2 described the first frictional layers that contact with each other in all adjacent generating sets are electric conducting material, and the two is united two into one and becomes shared the first frictional layer;

Preferably, compared with described the second frictional layer that shares the first frictional layer and its both sides, there is identical friction electrode order trend.

Compared with prior art, wind-force friction nano generator of the present invention has following advantages:

1, brand-new structural design comes true wind energy micro generation.Generator of the present invention has utilized Bending Deformation and the impact of this deformation on gas flow of elastomeric material dexterously, successfully realize first the object that the power source being changed by aperiodicity drives the normal work of friction nano generator, can be for the micro wind turbine generator in various fields thereby prepared.

2, the efficient utilization of energy.Traditional wind-driven generator must could drive by three grades of above natural winds, and generator of the present invention gets final product work under slight wind-force disturbance.While being particularly used on some device, can utilize the device air-flow producing that moves itself to drive, make generator of the present invention can collect more diversified energy, and be not subject to the impact of weather condition, realize the efficient utilization of energy.

3, simple in structure, light and handy portable and highly compatible.Wind-driven generator of the present invention is without assemblies such as windmill, gearbox, governor, generators, simple in structure, volume is very little, easy to make, with low cost, can be arranged on various microelectronic devices, without special operational environment, therefore there is very high compatibility.

4, of many uses.Lower surface by the upper surface to the first frictional layer in generator and the second frictional layer carries out physical modification or chemical modification, introduce nanostructured pattern or be coated with nano material etc., the contact charge density producing can also further improve the work of friction nano generator time, thereby the fan-out capability of raising generator.Therefore, generator of the present invention can not only be served as mini power source, also can be used for Electricity Generation simultaneously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Shown in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will be more clear.In whole accompanying drawings, identical Reference numeral is indicated identical part.Deliberately do not draw accompanying drawing by actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent, focus on illustrating purport of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a kind of typical structure schematic diagram of wind-force of the present invention friction nano generator, and wherein (a) be schematic appearance, is (b) cross-sectional view, (c) be (d) structural representation under wind-force effect;

Fig. 2 is the generalized section of the electricity generating principle of wind-force friction nano generator of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of wind-force friction nano generator of the present invention, wherein (a) is the situation that the first frictional layer and the first conducting element unite two into one, (b) being the situation that the second frictional layer and the second conducting element unite two into one, is (c) situation that two generators share conduction first frictional layer;

Fig. 4 is the typical structure schematic diagram of the wind-force friction nano generator of band baffle plate of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of generator shown in Fig. 4 under wind-force effect;

Fig. 6 is a kind of typical structure schematic diagram of wind-force friction nanometer generating unit of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of generating set shown in Fig. 6 under wind-force effect;

Fig. 8 is the typical structure schematic diagram of stratiform wind-force friction nanometer generating unit of the present invention, and wherein (a) is the identical situations of all generator directions, is (b) the different situation of direction of generator;

Fig. 9 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of stratiform wind-force friction nanometer generating unit of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of stratiform wind-force friction nanometer generating unit of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of stratiform wind-force friction nanometer generating unit of the present invention;

Figure 12 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of stratiform wind-force friction nanometer generating unit of the present invention;

Figure 13 is the single-ended fixing typical structure schematic diagram of wind-force friction nano generator first component of the present invention;

Figure 14 is for driving and light 80 real-time photos of commercial LED bulb under wind-force friction nano generator of the present invention wind speed that provide at hair-dryer, 5m/s.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagram, and in the time that the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail in detail, for ease of explanation, described schematic diagram is example, and it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention at this.

The invention provides a kind of by wind energy transformation friction nano generator that be electric energy, simple in structure, the power supply of coupling can be provided for microelectronic device.The material that friction nano generator of the present invention has utilized the polarity in friction electrode order there are differences produces the phenomenon that surface charge shifts while contact, and the mechanical energy that wind-force is produced is converted into electric energy.

" friction electrode order " described in the present invention, refer to the sequence of the attraction degree of electric charge being carried out according to material, bi-material is in the moment being in contact with one another, and on contact-making surface, negative electrical charge is transferred to from the material surface of friction electrode order Semi-polarity calibration the material surface that friction electrode order Semi-polarity is born.Up to now, the mechanism that does not also have explanation electric charge that a kind of unified theory can be complete to shift, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge shifts relevant with the surface work function of material, and by electronics or ion, the transfer on contact-making surface realizes electric charge transfer.It should be noted that, friction electrode order is a kind of statistics based on experience, be that bi-material differs far away in this sequence, the probability that after contact, the positive negativity of the electric charge that produces and this sequence are consistent is just larger, and actual result is subject to the impact of many factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity with whether have relative friction etc.

" contact electric charge " described in the present invention, refer to the material there are differences two kinds of friction electrode order polarity in contact friction and after separating its surface with electric charge, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge is only distributed in the surface of material, and distribution depth capacity is only about 10 nanometers.It should be noted that, the symbol of contact electric charge is the symbol of net charge, and at the aggregation zone that may have negative electrical charge with the some areas of material surface that just contact electric charge, but the symbol of whole surperficial net charge is for just.

In the present invention, " direction of generator " refers to and is parallel to the plane of generator the first frictional layer the direction perpendicular to the length of side being fixed in the second conducting element.

Fig. 1 is a kind of typical structure of wind-force friction nano generator of the present invention.Comprise successively from bottom to up first component and the second component that elastic bending deformation can occur, wherein first component comprise the first conducting element 11, contact with described the first conducting element 11 upper surfaces place the first frictional layer 10, second component comprise with described first frictional layer 10 opposites place the second frictional layer 20, with the second frictional layer 20 upper surfaces fixedly contact placement the second conducting element 21; Wherein second component is a curved surface the upper surface that is fixed on the first frictional layer 10 in first component by two ends, thereby make to form between the lower surface of the second frictional layer 20 and the upper surface of the first frictional layer 10 arch space (referring to Fig. 1-a and Fig. 1-b), for this space can be kept, the second component entirety being made up of the second conducting element 21 of the second frictional layer 20 and its upper surface should have the characteristic of elastic bending deformation; In the time that nano generator is crossed in wind, under the effect of wind-force, there is Bending Deformation in second component, make the lower surface of the second frictional layer 20 divide with the upper surface generating unit of the first frictional layer 10 the formation contact friction face that contacts, and when wind direction is different, there is the position difference of deformation, cause area and the position of this contact friction face also different, Fig. 1-c and Fig. 1-d illustrate 2 kinds of more typical Bending Deformation modes; In the time that the abatement of wind or wind vector cause acting on power on the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21 and weaken, the elasticity of self partly or entirely restores to the original state the two, or position and the mode of deformation change, the contact friction face forming before causing disappears because of the local detachment of the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20, therefore the area of contact friction changes, thus by the first conducting element 11 and the second conducting element 21 to external circuit output electrical signals.For the situation shown in Fig. 1-c, even if wind speed is constant, because wind vertically blows to after second component, can change direction spreads apart to surrounding along the surface of second component, so just form the air-flow parallel with second component, this air-flow can cause the forced vibration of second component, i.e. flutter, cause separation between two frictional layers and contact, thereby form the output of electric current.

For convenience of description, selection principle and the material ranges of principle of the present invention, each parts are described below with reference to the typical structure of Fig. 1, but these contents are also not only confined to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 obviously, but can be for all technical schemes disclosed in this invention.

Because the generation of this generator signal of telecommunication is to realize by the contact-separation process of the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20 with output, therefore the operation principle of generator is only described as an example of the partial enlarged drawing of the two contact site example herein, make whole process more clear, specifically referring to Fig. 2.Under the initial condition that there is no external force, due to the second frictional layer 20 in second component and/or the elasticity of the second conducting element 21 own, between the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20, there is certain interval (referring to A step in Fig. 2).When there being wind out-of-date, having part masterpiece is used on second component, make the deformation that bends of the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21, thereby the second frictional layer 20 is contacted with the first frictional layer 10, because these two frictional layers form by having the poor material of friction electrode order respectively, therefore there is surface charge in the moment of contact and shift, form layer of surface contact electric charge (referring to B step in Fig. 2).Relative position according to the material of the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20 in friction electrode order, the second frictional layer 20 surfaces produce positive charge, and the first frictional layer 10 surfaces produce negative electrical charge, the electric weight size of two kinds of electric charges is identical, therefore between the first conducting element 11 and the second conducting element 21, there is no electrical potential difference, just there is no flow of charge yet.While causing the flutter of the second frictional layer when changing with the intensity of the second frictional layer 20 interactional air-flows and/or direction, under the elastic reaction of the second frictional layer 20 and/or the second conducting element 21, the first frictional layer 10 starts to separate with the second frictional layer 20, the first component being now made up of the first conducting element 11 and the first frictional layer 10 has clean surplus negative electrical charge, and the second component that the second conducting element 21 and the second frictional layer 20 form has clean surplus positive charge, therefore between the first conducting element 11 and the second conducting element 21, produce electrical potential difference.For this electrical potential difference of balance, electronics flows into the first conducting element 11 by external wire by the second conducting element 21, thereby produce by the first electrode layer the transient current (C step in referring to Fig. 2) to the second electrode lay at external circuit, in the time that the first frictional layer 10 is got back to initial position, it is maximum that spacing between it and the second frictional layer 20 reaches, the electric charge of the two all reaches balance, between the first conducting element 11 and the second conducting element 21, there is no electrical potential difference, just do not have electric current to produce (D step in referring to Fig. 2) at external circuit yet.When wind-force is done the used time once again, due to the pitch smaller of the first conducting element 11 and the second frictional layer 20, the positive charge on the second frictional layer 20 surfaces strengthens the repulsive interaction of positive charge in the first conducting element 11, simultaneously the negative electrical charge on the first frictional layer 10 surfaces also strengthens the sucking action of positive charge in the second conducting element 21, causes thus producing between the first conducting element 11 and the second conducting element 21 and the electrical potential difference of opposite direction before.For further this electrical potential difference of balance, electronics flows into the second conducting element 21 by external circuit by the first conducting element 11, thereby produces and the transient current of opposite direction (step e in referring to Fig. 2) for the first time at external circuit.After acting on external force on the first frictional layer and continuing to apply itself and the second frictional layer 20 are come in contact, just repeat again the situation of B-E step above.This shows, the generator of the present invention prerequisite of can working is the interaction between polytropy and elastic material and the wind of the direction that has of wind itself, size, the effective pressure acting on the second frictional layer 20 can be changed, can realize between the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20 and constantly contact and separate, form pulse electrical signal and outwards export.

The operation principle providing above by the present invention, those skilled in the art can clearly realize that the working method of wind-force friction nano generator, thereby can understand the selection principle of each component materials.Below provide the selectable range that is suitable for each component materials of all technical schemes in the present invention, in the time of practical application, can do according to actual needs concrete selection, thereby reach the object of regulating generator output performance.

The first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20 are made up of the material with differentiated friction electrical characteristics respectively, described differentiated friction electrical characteristics mean the two in friction electrode order in different positions, thereby make the two in process that friction occurs, can produce on surface contact electric charge.Conventional high molecular polymer all has friction electrical characteristics, all can be used as the material of preparation the present invention's the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20, enumerates some conventional macromolecule polymer materials herein: polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, staple fibre, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, polyurethane flexible sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, phenolic resins, neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene the third diphenol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Parylene.Reason as space is limited; can not carry out exhaustive to all possible material; only list several concrete polymeric materials herein from people's reference; but obviously these concrete materials can not become the restrictive factor of protection range of the present invention; because under the enlightenment of invention, the friction electrical characteristics that those skilled in the art has according to these materials are easy to select other similar materials.

With respect to insulator, semiconductor and metal all have the friction electrical characteristics that easily lose electronics, and in the list of friction electrode order, normal and macromolecular material differs larger.Therefore, semiconductor and metal also can be used as the raw material of preparation the first frictional layer 10 or the second frictional layer 20.Conventional semiconductor comprises silicon, germanium; III and V compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.; II and VI compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.; And the solid solution being formed by III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc.Except above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also have amorphous glass semiconductor, organic semiconductor etc.Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have friction electrical characteristics, can form surface charge at friction process, therefore also can be used as frictional layer of the present invention, the for example oxide of manganese, chromium, iron, copper, also comprises silica, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO ₂and Y ₂o ₃; Conventional metal comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.Certainly, can also use other materials with conductive characteristic to serve as the frictional layer material that easily loses electronics, for example semiconductor of indium tin oxide ITO, doping and conductive organic matter.Wherein, conductive organic matter is generally conducting polymer, comprises from polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, poly-phthalocyanine-like compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.

In the time using electric conducting material as frictional layer, conducting element and frictional layer can be united two into one, can simplify like this preparation section, reduce costs, be more conducive to industrial promotion and application.Example execution mode as shown in Figure 3, wherein Fig. 3-a is that the first frictional layer 10 and the first conducting element 11 of being prepared by electric conducting material unites two into one, concrete structure comprises first component and the second component of elastic bending deformation can occur, wherein first component comprises the first frictional layer 10 of conduction, second component comprise with described first frictional layer 10 opposites place the second frictional layer 20 with the second frictional layer 20 upper surfaces fixedly contact placement the second conducting element 21; Wherein second component is a curved surface the upper surface that is fixed on the first frictional layer 10 in first component by two ends, thereby makes to form arch space between the lower surface of the second frictional layer 20 and the upper surface of the first frictional layer 10.Fig. 3-b is that the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21 are combined into one deck, specifically comprise first component and the second component that elastic bending deformation can occur, the first frictional layer 10 that wherein first component comprises the first conducting element 11 and places with the first conducting element 11 upper surface laminatings, second component comprises the second frictional layer 20 of the conduction of placing with described the first frictional layer 10 opposites; Wherein second component is a curved surface the upper surface that is fixed on the first frictional layer 10 in first component by two ends, thereby makes to form arch space between the lower surface of the second frictional layer 20 and the upper surface of the first frictional layer 10.Fig. 3-c is the situation that two generators share the first frictional layer 10 of a conduction, for the contact electric charge that prevents from producing on these two surfaces of the first frictional layer 10 that share is due to electrically different and neutralization mutually, should guarantee compared with the second frictional layer 20 of these first frictional layer 10 and its both sides that share, there is identical friction electrode order trend, if the first frictional layer 10 has the friction electrode order of calibration than the second frictional layer 20 of its upside, also there is so the friction electrode order of calibration with respect to the second frictional layer 20 of its downside.In the situation that meeting this condition, the second frictional layer of upper and lower both sides can be the same or different.

Found through experiments, when the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20 materials electronic capability while differing larger (the position in friction electrode order differs far away), the signal of telecommunication that generator is exported is stronger.So, can be according to actual needs, select suitable material to prepare the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20, to obtain better output effect.The preferred polystyrene of material, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene and the Parylene with negative polarity friction electrode order, comprise Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4, there is the preferred aniline-formaldehyde resin of friction electrode order material of positive polarity, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, copper, aluminium, gold, silver and steel.

Can also carry out physical modification to the first frictional layer 10 upper surfaces and/or the second frictional layer 20 lower surfaces, make its surface distributed have the micro structure array of micron or inferior micron dimension, to increase the contact area between the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20, thereby increase the contact quantity of electric charge.Concrete method of modifying comprises photoengraving, chemical etching and plasma etching etc.Also can by nano material intersperse or the mode of coating realizes this object.

Also can carry out chemical modification to the first frictional layer 10 being in contact with one another and/or the surface of the second frictional layer 20, can further improve the transfer amount of electric charge at Contact, thereby improve the power output of contact charge density and generator.Chemical modification is divided into again following two types:

A kind of method is for the first frictional layer 10 being in contact with one another and the second frictional layer 20 materials, be that positive material surface is introduced easier betatopic functional group (strong to electron cloud) in polarity, or be the functional group (electrophilic group by force) that negative material surface is introduced the electronics that is more easy to get in polarity, can both further improve the transfer amount of electric charge in the time mutually sliding, thereby improve the power output of triboelectric charge density and generator.Comprise to electron cloud by force: amino, hydroxyl, alkoxyl etc.; Electrophilic group comprises by force: acyl group, carboxyl, nitro, sulfonic group etc.The introducing of functional group can using plasma surface modification etc. conventional method.For example can make the gaseous mixture of oxygen and nitrogen produce plasma under certain power, thereby introduce amino at frictional layer material surface.

Another method is to be that positive frictional layer material surface is introduced positive charge in polarity, and is that negative frictional layer material surface is introduced negative electrical charge in polarity.Specifically can realize by the mode of chemical bonding.For example, can utilize on PDMS frictional layer surface the method for hydrolysis-condensation (English is abbreviated as sol-gel) to modify upper tetraethoxysilane (English is abbreviated as TEOS), and make it electronegative.Also can on metallic gold thin layer, utilize the bond of gold-sulphur to modify the golden nanometer particle of upper surface containing softex kw (CTAB), because softex kw is cation, therefore can make whole frictional layer become positively charged.Those skilled in the art can, according to the kind of the receiving and losing electrons character of frictional layer material and surface chemistry key, select suitable decorative material and its bonding, and to reach object of the present invention, therefore such distortion is all within protection scope of the present invention.

In order to guarantee that the second component being formed by the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21 has the elasticity of flexible deformation, preferably the second frictional layer 20 is flexible, be more preferably flexible, the Young's modulus of preferred materials at 10MPa between 10GPa.In the time that the second frictional layer does not have elasticity, can realize overall elasticity by the second conducting element 21 on it, because general thin metal layer all has the elasticity of Bending Deformation.Thickness for the second frictional layer 20 is selected, and generally considers its elasticity and mechanical strength two aspects, preferably film or thin layer, be specifically as follows 10nm-5mm, preferably 100nm-2mm, more preferably 1 μ m-800 μ m, these thickness are all suitable for technical schemes all in the present invention.If the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21 all do not possess elasticity, it is also conceivable that the material that adheres to one deck and can occur elastic bending deformation at the upper surface of the second conducting element 21, such as rubber sheet etc., the elasticity of being given second component by this additional materials.

The maximum height d in the arch gap forming between the second frictional layer 20 and the first frictional layer 10 depends primarily on the elasticity of wind-force in use size and second component entirety, can make second component that the elastic deformation of enough degree occurs as long as be applied to wind-force on generator, thereby the second frictional layer 20 can divide and contact with the first frictional layer 10 generating units.Experimental result demonstration, in the situation that contact area is identical, d value increases, and can improve the output performance of generator, and preferably d value is between 0.1mm-5mm, more preferably at 0.2mm-3mm.Therefore, the elasticity of raising second component is optimized an important channel of generator performance beyond doubt.

For the fixed form of second component, although shown in Fig. 1 is the upper surface both sides that are fixed on the first frictional layer 10 by the two ends of the second frictional layer 20, but in fact this fixed position does not have particular determination, in order to improve fixing strong degree, the two ends of the second frictional layer 20 can also be clipped between the first frictional layer 10 and the first conducting element 11, or be clipped between the first conducting element and other support component, if there is additional support component.Fixing mode can directly adopt bonding or additional clamping parts.When also comprising the optional features such as such as supporting layer in first component and/or second component, can also be fixed by these optional features.

The first frictional layer 10 can be hard material, also can select flexible material, because the maintenance of its plane must only not rely on the characteristic of himself, installation environment can also be by the first conducting element 11 or practical application time is realized, its thickness has no significant effect enforcement of the present invention, the present invention preferably the first frictional layer 10 is film or thin layer, and thickness is 10nm-5mm, preferably 100nm-2mm.

The first conducting element 11 and the second conducting element 21, as two electrodes of generator, as long as possess the characteristic that can conduct electricity, can be selected from metal, conductive oxide or conductive organic matter.Conventional metal comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal; Conventional conductive oxide comprises the semiconductor of indium tin oxide ITO and ion doping type; Conductive organic matter is generally conducting polymer, comprises from polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, poly-phthalocyanine-like compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.

Thickness to the first conducting element 11 is not particularly limited, and optional scope is 10nm-1cm, is preferably 50nm-2mm, is preferably 100nm-1mm; And the second conducting element 21 is preferably thin layer or film, to make it have the better elasticity of flexure, preferred thickness is 10nm-1mm, more preferably 500nm-500 μ m.Conducting element preferably with corresponding frictional layer surface close contact, to guarantee the efficiency of transmission of electric charge, preferably mode be by electric conducting material the mode by deposition at the surface filming of corresponding frictional layer; Concrete deposition process can be electron beam evaporation, solution plating, plasma sputtering, magnetron sputtering or evaporation.

The mode that the first conducting element 11 is connected with external circuit with the second conducting element 21 can be to be connected with external circuit by wire or metallic film.

In order to guarantee the mechanical strength of this generator, can supporting layer be set in the upper surface contact of the lower surface of the first conducting element and/or the second conducting element, be preferably insulating material or semi-conducting material, such as plastic plate, silicon chip or silicon thin layer etc.

Fig. 4 is the another kind of typical structure of wind-force nano generator of the present invention.This generator is made up of the nano generator shown in 1 Fig. 1 and a baffle plate 30, concrete structure comprises first component, the second component that elastic bending deformation can occur and baffle plate 30, wherein first component comprise the first conducting element 11 and contact with described the first conducting element 11 upper surfaces place the first frictional layer 10, second component comprise with described first frictional layer 10 opposites place the second frictional layer 20, with the second frictional layer 20 upper surfaces fixedly contact placement the second conducting element 21; Wherein second component is a curved surface the upper surface that is fixed on the first frictional layer 10 in first component by two ends, thereby makes to form arch space between the lower surface of the second frictional layer 20 and the upper surface of the first frictional layer 10; Described baffle plate 30 is placed with the bending face-to-face interval of second component, makes described second component between described baffle plate 30 and described first component, and form gas channel between described second component and baffle plate 30.In the time having air-flow to pass through this gas channel, because second component is bending, and there is elastically deformable, can make the air-flow passing through in this air flue, form contrary Pressure Drop, thereby air force is exerted an influence (referring to Fig. 5-a), this impact remakes conversely for the elastic deformation of second component and makes it to change (referring to Fig. 5-b), so just form the interactive so-called aeroelasticity phenomenon of a kind of malformation and air force, make the second frictional layer 20 generating periods unconspicuous deformation, be flutter, very similar with the wave phenomenon of flying upward of the flag in wind.In the process of flutter, the second frictional layer 20 has completed with the part contact-separation process of the first frictional layer 10 (as A point separates from touching, B point is from being separated to contact), thus make to have the signal of telecommunication produce and carry to external circuit between the first conducting element 11 and the second conducting element 21.The Fundamentals that form flutter are couplings of air force, elastic force and inertia force three, wherein elastic force and inertia force are to determine with the character of material itself, when frequency and the second component of flutter, when particularly the natural frequency of the second frictional layer 20 and/or the second conducting element 21 itself is identical, can form resonance, make the flutter amplitude of second component reach maximum, the signal of telecommunication that nano generator produces is also the strongest.

In execution mode shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the various restrictions of the first frictional layer 10, the first conducting element 11, the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21 are all applicable to the generating set shown in Fig. 4, therefore repeat no more.Space D in this generator between baffle plate 30 and the second conducting element 21 ₁, be mainly jointly to be determined by the modulus of elasticity of second component and the thickness of second component, optional scope is 10 μ m-1cm, preferably 100 μ m-2mm, are preferably 500 μ m-1mm.

The effect of baffle plate 30 is only to provide the stop member of a gas flow, can select various materials, for example insulating material, semiconductor, conductor.Its thickness is not also limited, and can be slab, can be also thin plate or thin layer, is preferably hard, and it is also passable that entirety has the elastomeric material of some strength.Can also make stereochemical structure or set up accessory on its surface in the face of a side of the second conducting element 21, to adjust the turbulent extent of air-flow, flutter amplitude and the frequency of the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21 are increased, improve the output performance of generator.The selection of stereochemical structure and accessory can design according to gas dynamical principle, for example, multiple projections or guiding gutter are set.

Fig. 6 is a kind of typical structure of wind-force nanometer generating unit of the present invention.This generating set is made up of the nano generator shown in 2 Fig. 1, concrete structure is: be made up of 2 generator units, wherein said generator unit comprises first component and the second component of elastic bending deformation can occur, wherein first component comprise the first conducting element 11, with directly the first frictional layer 10 of laminating of described the first conducting element upper surface, second component comprise the second frictional layer 20 of placing with described the first frictional layer 10 opposites, with directly the second conducting element 21 of laminating of the second frictional layer 20 upper surfaces; Wherein second component is a curved surface the upper surface that is fixed on the first frictional layer 10 in first component by two ends, thereby makes to form arch space between the lower surface of the second frictional layer 20 and the upper surface of the first frictional layer 10; Described 2 generator units are staggered relatively, make two the second conducting elements 21 face-to-face and have certain intervals, and this interval is gas channel.Similar with the execution mode shown in Fig. 4, due to the out-of-flatness on this gas channel surface and the elastic bending deflection of second component, make 2 second components in generator unit air-flow by time all can there is chatter phenomenon, thereby realize the contact-separation process (referring to Fig. 7) of the second frictional layer 20 with the first frictional layer 10 parts, therefore between 2 the first conducting elements 11 and the second conducting element 21, all had the signal of telecommunication produce and carry to external circuit.Equally, when frequency and the second component of flutter, when especially identical with the natural frequency of the second frictional layer 20 and/or the second conducting element 21 itself, can form resonance, make the flutter amplitude of second component reach maximum, the signal of telecommunication that nano generator produces is also the strongest.

Two nano generator unit that form this generating set can be identical, also can be different.Use different generators to be particularly useful for the situation that gas flow rate can change, because gas flow rate can affect the flutter frequency of second component, can make the natural frequency of one of them generator second component identical or approaching with the flutter frequency forming under high gas flow rate with crossing design, another generator has the second component that natural frequency is identical or close with the flutter frequency forming under low gas flow rate.Can make like this signal of telecommunication of generator under gas with various flow velocity, can both reach the state of relatively optimizing.

Space D in this generating set between two generator units ₂, be mainly jointly to be determined by the modulus of elasticity of two generator unit second components and the thickness of second component, optional scope is 10 μ m-5cm, preferably 100 μ m-1mm, are preferably 500 μ m-5mm.

Fig. 8 is the another kind of exemplary embodiment of generating set of the present invention, longitudinally be formed by stacking by the generating set shown in 3 Fig. 6, and between the generating set shown in every two Fig. 6, add insulating element 40, make two adjacent the first conducting elements 11 form insulation and connect.This insulating element 40 can adopt conventional various insulating material, preferably has certain hardness or elasticity, can realize isolation features.Its form can be plate or film, shape can be that strip, column are (referring to Fig. 8-b), can also be identical with the shape of the first conducting element 11 (referring to Fig. 8-a), size and quantity those skilled in the art can select as the case may be, as long as meet the condition that can isolate adjacent conductive element.

In present embodiment, the stacked system of 3 generating sets has a variety of, shown in Fig. 8-a, is wherein the upper and lower parallel and situations that are superimposed as row in the same way of all 3 generating sets; Shown in Fig. 8-b is also the upper and lower parallel row that are superimposed as of 3 generating sets, but middle generating set direction is vertical with other two generating sets, and this mode is more suitable for the situation of air-flow from different directions.Because generator of the present invention, in the time that airflow direction is identical with generator direction, has maximum generating efficiency.So, can, according to the direction of air-flow, the generator of stack be put according to different directions, can make airflow direction change time, drive part generator that still can maximal efficiency, makes generating set can ensure electric current output.Obviously; although Fig. 8-b only shows the vertical situation of the direction of different generators; but the direction of in fact each generator can form any angle as required, and this does not have any technological difficulties in actual mechanical process, therefore these are out of shape all in the application's protection range.

Although it is all identical that the size of each generator illustrated in fig. 8, material form, because each generator works alone in fact, so each generator can adopt different materials and size completely, to meet the output requirement of different loads to the signal of telecommunication.And the number of the generator of composition generating set also can freely be adjusted, it can be odd number, also can be odd number, the two ends that must not limit generating set must be take the first conducting element 11 as terminal, also can be take the second conducting element 21 of bending as terminal.

Fig. 9 is the another kind of exemplary embodiment of generating set of the present invention, primary structure is identical with the embodiment shown in Fig. 8-a, difference is that the first frictional layer 10 of 2 relative generator units is not placement parallel to each other, but shape has a certain degree, between two adjacent generator units, still realize insulation with insulating element 40 and connect.The advantage of this design is to increase the utilance of the air-flow to different directions.In order to form effective gas channel, the angle forming between 2 the first frictional layers 10 placing face-to-face should be acute angle.According to different needs, the Direction of superposition of each generator also can be different, are similar to the structure of Fig. 8-b.Visible, be all applicable to the execution mode shown in Fig. 9 for the various descriptions of generating set shown in Fig. 8, repeat no more herein.

Figure 10 and Figure 11 are other two kinds of exemplary embodiment of generating set of the present invention, similar with the execution mode shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 respectively, difference is only that the first frictional layer 10 of each generator is electric conducting material, therefore omitted the setting of the first conducting element 11, between two adjacent the first conducting elements 11, also formed insulation with insulating element 40 and connect.Various restrictions for Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are all applicable to the execution mode shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11.

Figure 12 shows the more simple generating set of a kind of structure, this generating set is made up of the generator shown in multiple Fig. 3-a, be specially: place and form a generating set unit in the mode at the second conducting element 21 intervals, opposite by 2 generators, multiple such generating set unit longitudinally superpose and 2 the first frictional layers of being made up of electric conducting material that are in contact with one another are united two into one, i.e. first frictional layer 102 of two adjacent generating set units shareds.For the contact electric charge that prevents from producing on these two surfaces of the first frictional layer 102 that share is due to electrically different and neutralization mutually, should guarantee this share first frictional layer 102 compare with 203 with the second frictional layer 202 of its both sides, there is identical friction electrode order trend, if the first frictional layer 102 has the friction electrode order of calibration than the second frictional layer 202 of its upside, also there is so the friction electrode order of calibration with respect to the second frictional layer 203 of its downside.In Figure 12, having 2 class the second frictional layers, is respectively the second frictional layer 201 on two-terminal generator, and shares the second frictional layer 202 and 203 in the generator of first frictional layer 102; Also having 2 class the first frictional layers, is respectively the first frictional layer 102 that is positioned at the first frictional layer 101 on the generator at two ends and is shared by two generators.Wherein, the selection of 101 and 102 pairs of materials of the first frictional layer does not have correlation, the two can be the same or different, and particularly can also use non-conducting material in first frictional layer 101 at two ends, but 102 of the first frictional layers that shared are necessary for electric conducting material.Meanwhile, the second frictional layer 201 on two-terminal generator does not have correlation with the second frictional layer 202 and 203 on middle generator on material is selected yet, and preferably the second frictional layer 202 is identical with 203 material.

Figure 13 is the another kind of exemplary embodiment of wind-driven generator of the present invention, basic identical with the structure shown in Fig. 1, difference is only that the second component of the generator shown in Fig. 1 is that two ends are fixed on first component, second component in the present embodiment only has one end to be fixed on first component, the other end is free end, be specially: comprise first component and the second component that elastic bending deformation can occur, wherein first component comprises the first conducting element 11, and first frictional layer 10 of directly fitting with described the first conducting element 11 upper surfaces; Second component comprises the second frictional layer 20, and second conducting element 21 of directly fitting with described the second frictional layer upper surface; One end of second component is relative with first component fixing, and the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20 face-to-face; Under the effect of wind-force, the lower surface of the upper surface of at least part of the first frictional layer 10 and the second frictional layer 20 forms contact-separating cycle, and by described the first conducting element and the second conducting element to external circuit output electrical signals.The second component entirety of the present embodiment has the elasticity of flexible deformation, when its one end is fixed, the other end is can free movement time, wind-force that can be surperficial with acting on it interacts, thereby generation chatter phenomenon, cause the second frictional layer 20 and the first frictional layer 10 contact (Figure 13-b) with separate (Figure 13-a) circulation.

Obviously, in embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the material of each part in first component and second component and the restriction of structure are equally applicable to the generator of the present embodiment, and in the time that the first frictional layer 10 or the second frictional layer 20 are electric conducting material, the generator of the present embodiment also can be made structure similar to Figure 3, just the two ends of second component is fixedly changed into one end fixing.

For the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 to Figure 12, also can replace the generator shown in Fig. 1 to form with the generator shown in Figure 13, but should be noted that in the time of the structure shown in construction drawing 7 to Figure 12, the stiff end of the second component of two generators placing face-to-face should be in the same side, avoids the free end of two second components to influence each other in the process of motion.

For above-mentioned all execution modes, for easy to use, and increase the mechanical strength of generator and generating set, extend its useful life, flexible or rigid support component can also be set on the first conducting element 11 another surface relative with the first frictional layer 10.Material for support component is not particularly limited, and preferably uses semiconductor or insulator.Equally, do not have another surface of friction material that flexible support component also can be set on the second conducting element 21, preferably this support component has elasticity, not affect the elastic bending deformation of the second frictional layer 20 and the second conducting element 21.

Embodiment 1

The first conducting element adopts the metal copper plate that thickness is 1mm, apply a layer thickness thereon and be Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film of 25 microns as the first frictional layer, it is the metallic aluminium thin layer of 40 μ m, long 5cm, wide 3cm that the second frictional layer and the second conducting element adopt thickness, the two ends of this thin layer are fixed on to the both sides of Teflon layer upper surface, make between metal aluminium lamination and Teflon layer height of formation be about the arch space of 2mm.Metallic copper thin layer and metal aluminium lamination are wired on external circuit, hair-dryer provides air-flow along generator direction, flow velocity is about 5m/s, can obviously see metallic aluminium thin layer generation flutter, make constantly to form between itself and Teflon layer contact-separating cycle, can drive 80 commercial LED bulbs luminous, specifically see the photo of Figure 14.

Because polytetrafluoroethylene has extremely negative polarity in friction electrode order, and the polarity calibration of metallic aluminium in electrode order, the combination of materials of the present embodiment is conducive to improve the output of friction nano generator.

Embodiment 2:

The first frictional layer adopts Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) film, and the first conducting element adopts the metallic copper film that thickness is 200nm, with the method for magnetron sputtering, the first conduction original paper is deposited on the first frictional layer.It is 200nm that the second frictional layer and the second conduction original paper adopt thickness, long 5cm, and the metallic aluminium thin layer of wide 2.5cm, is deposited on thickness take the method for magnetron sputtering on the polymer-based end of 25 μ m by this second frictional layer and the second conduction original paper.This substrate is polyimide film, and length is consistent with metallic aluminium thin layer with width.Adopting laser cutting preparation is highly 2mm, long 2.5cm, and the polymethyl methacrylate of wide 2mm is rectangular, by this rectangular Teflon layer upper surface that be fixed on.One end of the polyimide film that deposits metallic aluminium thin layer is fixed on to this rectangular upper surface.Metallic copper thin layer and metal aluminium lamination are wired on external circuit, hair-dryer provides air-flow along generator direction, flow velocity is about 5m/s, can obviously see metallic aluminium thin layer generation flutter, makes constantly to form between itself and Teflon layer contact-separating cycle.

Embodiment 3

Using thickness as the dimethyl silicone polymer (English is abbreviated as PDMS) of 100 microns is as the second frictional layer, deposit by the mode of magnetron sputtering the metallic gold film that a layer thickness is about 100nm thereon, as the second conducting element.Silicon chip using thickness as 500 μ m is as the first frictional layer, and its lower surface is the layer of metal silverskin in deposition, the about 100nm of thickness.By the opposite side rotary coating last layer photoresist of silicon chip, utilize the method for photoetching on photoresist, to form the square window array of the length of side in micron or inferior micron dimension; Silicon chip after photoetching is completed, through the chemical etching of overheated potassium hydroxide, forms pyramidal sunk structure array at window place.And when silicon chip is when contacting under the effect of PDMS bi-material at air-flow, because PDMS has good elasticity, it can enter and fill the sunk structure of silicon chip surface, thereby has increased the CONTACT WITH FRICTION area between silicon chip, can obtain better electric output effect.

Embodiment 4

The present embodiment only does modification to polytetrafluoroethylene film on the basis of embodiment 1, and other are all identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more herein.Adopt inductively coupled plasma etching method to prepare nano-wire array in PolytetrafluoroethylFilm Film, first deposit the gold of approximately 10 nanometer thickness with sputter at ptfe surface, afterwards, polytetrafluoroethylene film is put into inductively coupled plasma etching machine, carry out etching to depositing golden one side, pass into O ₂, Ar and CF ₄gas, flow is controlled at respectively 10sccm, 15sccm and 30sccm, pressure is controlled at 15mTorr, working temperature is controlled at 55 ℃, produce plasma with the power of 400 watts, the power of 100 watts carrys out accelerate plasma, carries out the etching of approximately 5 minutes, and the length that obtains being basically perpendicular to insulating thin layer is about the high molecular weight ptfe nanometer stick array of 1.5 microns.

Embodiment 5

By parallel, the arrangement in the same way up and down of the generator in 6 embodiment 1, between adjacent two generators of the first conducting element, separate with the thick plastic plate of 2mm, and the first conducting element is glued to the both sides at plastic plate, thereby form the generating set shown in a Figure 10.In the time that air-flow is blown over this generating set along generator direction, each generator is worked simultaneously, all can be independently outside output electrical signals.

Wind-force friction nano generator of the present invention can utilize kinetic energy to make generator produce electric energy, for small-sized electric appliance provides power supply, and does not need the Power supplies such as battery, is a kind of generator easy to use.In addition, friction nano generator preparation method of the present invention is easy, preparation cost is cheap, is a kind of friction nano generator and generating set having wide range of applications.

The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not departing from technical solution of the present invention scope situation, all can utilize method and the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content that does not depart from technical solution of the present invention,, all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification according to technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. a wind-force friction nano generator, comprises first component and the second component that elastic bending deformation can occur, and it is characterized in that:

Described first component comprises the first conducting element, and, first frictional layer of directly fitting with described the first conducting element upper surface;

Under the effect of wind-force, at least partly the upper surface of described the first frictional layer forms with the lower surface of described the second frictional layer contact-separating cycle, and passes through described the first conducting element and the second conducting element to external circuit output electrical signals.

2. generator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, has friction electrode order difference between the top surface of described the first frictional layer and the lower surface material of described the second frictional layer.

3. generator as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, one end of described second component is fixed on first component, and the other end is free end.

4. generator as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the two ends of described second component are fixed on first component and make described the second frictional layer form a curved surface, and form gap between at least part of upper surface of described the first frictional layer and the lower surface of described the second frictional layer.

5. the generator as described in claim 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, also comprises a baffle plate, and place at the face-to-face interval of described baffle plate and described second component, makes described second component between described baffle plate and described first component.

6. generator as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described baffle plate is parallel with described first component.

7. the generator as described in claim 5 or 6, is characterized in that, described baffle plate has stereochemical structure or sets up accessory on the surface towards second component.

8. the generator as described in claim 1-7 any one, is characterized in that, described second component is flexible, Young's modulus at 10MPa between 10GPa.

9. the generator as described in claim 1-8 any one, is characterized in that, described the first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer are insulating material or semi-conducting material.

10. generator as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, described insulating material is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, staple fibre, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, polyurethane flexible sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, phenolic resins, neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene the third diphenol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Parylene, solid solution, amorphous glass semiconductor and organic semiconductor that described semi-conducting material is selected from silicon, germanium, III and V compounds of group, II and VI compounds of group, oxide, is made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group.

11. generators as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described insulating material is selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene; Described III and V compounds of group are selected from GaAs and gallium phosphide; Described II and VI compounds of group are selected from cadmium sulfide and zinc sulphide; Described oxide is selected from the oxide of manganese, chromium, iron or copper; The described solid solution being made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group is selected from gallium aluminum arsenide and gallium arsenic phosphide.

12. generators as described in claim 1-8 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer are non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate or complex oxide, comprise silica, aluminium oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO ₂or Y ₂o ₃.

13. generators as described in claim 1-12 any one, is characterized in that, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer is distributed with the micro-structural of micron or inferior micron dimension.

14. generators as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer rods, nanometer channel, micron groove, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.

15. generators as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer has interspersing of nano material or coating.

16. generators as described in claim 1-15 any one, it is characterized in that, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer is through chemical modification, and making in polarity is that positive material surface is introduced and easily lost the functional group of electronics and/or be that negative material surface is introduced the functional group that easily obtains electronics in polarity.

17. generators as described in claim 1-16 any one, it is characterized in that, the lower surface of described the first frictional layer upper surface and/or the second frictional layer, through chemical modification, makes to be positive material surface introducing positive charge and/or to be that negative material surface is introduced negative electrical charge in polarity in polarity.

18. generators as described in claim 1-17 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first frictional layer is electric conducting material and unites two into one with described the first conducting element, or described the second frictional layer is electric conducting material and unites two into one with described the second conducting element.

19. generators as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, the described electric conducting material that forms described the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer is selected from metal and conductive oxide.

20. generators as claimed in claim 19, is characterized in that, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.

21. generators as described in claim 1-20 any one, is characterized in that, described the first conducting element and/or the second conducting element are selected from metal and conductive oxide.

22. generators as claimed in claim 21, is characterized in that, described the first conducting element and/or the second conducting element are selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.

23. generators as described in claim 1-22 any one, is characterized in that, comprise 1 described first component and 1 described second component.

24. generators as described in claim 1-22 any one, it is characterized in that, comprise 1 described first component and 2 described second components, wherein said first component is made up of described the first frictional layer conducting electricity, and 2 described second components lay respectively at the both sides up and down of described the first frictional layer.

25. generators as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, the second frictional layer in 2 described second components, compared with described the first frictional layer, has identical friction electrode order trend.

26. 1 kinds of wind-force friction nanometer generating units, are made up of 2 generators as described in claim 1-25 any one, it is characterized in that: described 2 generators are staggered relatively, make two second components face-to-face and have certain intervals.

27. generating sets as claimed in claim 26, is characterized in that, described 2 generators are identical.

28. generating sets as described in claim 26 or 27, is characterized in that, the first component of described 2 generators is parallel to each other.

29. generating sets as described in claim 26 or 27, is characterized in that, between the first component of described 2 generators, shape has angle.

30. generating sets as described in claim 26-29 any one, is characterized in that, the direction of described 2 generators is identical.

31. 1 kinds of stratiform wind turbine generator, it is characterized in that by the generating set described in more than 2 claim 26-30 any one longitudinally stack form, and connector is set between the first component of two adjacent generating sets the two is connected.

32. stratiform wind turbine generator as claimed in claim 31, is characterized in that, described connector is made up of insulating material.

33. stratiform wind turbine generator as described in claim 31 or 32, is characterized in that, the first component of all described generating sets is all parallel.

34. stratiform wind turbine generator as described in claim 31-33 any one, is characterized in that, in all described generating sets, the direction of generator is all identical.

35. stratiform wind turbine generator as described in claim 31-34 any one, is characterized in that, the generator in all described generating sets is all identical.

36. stratiform wind turbine generator as described in claim 31-35 any one, is characterized in that, 2 described the first frictional layers that contact with each other in all adjacent generating sets are electric conducting material, and the two is united two into one to become share the first frictional layer.

37. stratiform wind turbine generator as claimed in claim 36, is characterized in that, compared with described the second frictional layer that shares the first frictional layer and its both sides, have identical friction electrode order trend.