WO2014167864A1 - 水素生成装置及びこれを備える燃料電池システム - Google Patents
水素生成装置及びこれを備える燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014167864A1 WO2014167864A1 PCT/JP2014/002074 JP2014002074W WO2014167864A1 WO 2014167864 A1 WO2014167864 A1 WO 2014167864A1 JP 2014002074 W JP2014002074 W JP 2014002074W WO 2014167864 A1 WO2014167864 A1 WO 2014167864A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00026—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2208/00044—Temperature measurement
- B01J2208/00061—Temperature measurement of the reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
- B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
- B01J2219/002—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system inside the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00211—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value
- B01J2219/00213—Fixed parameter value
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00222—Control algorithm taking actions
- B01J2219/00227—Control algorithm taking actions modifying the operating conditions
- B01J2219/00238—Control algorithm taking actions modifying the operating conditions of the heat exchange system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/127—Catalytic desulfurisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1614—Controlling the temperature
- C01B2203/1619—Measuring the temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen generator and a fuel cell system including the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hydrogen generator equipped with a desulfurizer and a fuel cell system including the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a desulfurizer having a catalyst that adsorbs a sulfur compound contained in a raw material gas in a hollow container, and a reforming reaction using the raw material gas and water that has passed through the desulfurizer.
- the hydrogen generator is disclosed in which the heater is formed in a spiral shape along the inner wall of the outer surface of the desulfurizer and is disposed with a gap from the reforming unit.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen generator that makes it easier to keep the temperature of a desulfurization catalyst within an appropriate range, and a fuel cell system including the hydrogen generator.
- One aspect of the hydrogen generator according to the present invention includes a desulfurization catalyst that removes sulfur compounds in a raw material, and the desulfurization catalyst is disposed so as to be heatable by a first heat source, and the desulfurizer passes through the desulfurizer.
- a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas using a raw material, a first temperature detector that detects a temperature of the desulfurization catalyst at a predetermined portion, and a desulfurization catalyst that is farther from the first heat source than the predetermined portion.
- a second temperature detector for detecting temperature; and a controller for controlling heating of the desulfurization catalyst by the first heat source based on detection results of the first temperature detector and the second temperature detector.
- An aspect of a fuel cell system according to the present invention includes the above hydrogen generator and a fuel cell that generates electric power using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to the eleventh embodiment.
- the hydrodesulfurization catalyst In the conventional hydrogen generator described above, it may be difficult to keep the hydrodesulfurization catalyst at an appropriate temperature. As a result of the examination, the cause of such a problem is that the temperature detection part of the hydrodesulfurizer is in one place, so the temperature of the hydrodesulfurization catalyst that tends to become low temperature or high temperature is measured. It turned out to be because it could not. Then, it has been conceived that a temperature detector is disposed at each of a plurality of portions of the hydrodesulfurization catalyst, and heating of the hydrodesulfurization catalyst is controlled based on a detection result of the temperature detector.
- Such a configuration is effective not only for a desulfurizer using a hydrodesulfurization catalyst but also for a desulfurizer using another desulfurization catalyst used at a temperature higher than normal temperature.
- the hydrogen generator according to the first embodiment includes a desulfurization catalyst that includes a desulfurization catalyst that removes sulfur compounds in a raw material, the desulfurization catalyst being arranged to be heatable by a first heat source, and a raw material that has passed through the desulfurizer.
- a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas, a first temperature detector that detects the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst at a predetermined position, and a second temperature that detects the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst at a position farther from the first heat source than the predetermined position.
- a detector, and a controller that controls heating of the desulfurization catalyst by the first heat source based on detection results of the first temperature detector and the second temperature detector.
- Such a configuration makes it easier to keep the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst in an appropriate range.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the first embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 100 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the hydrogen generator 100 includes a first heat source 10, a desulfurizer 12, a first temperature detector 16, a second temperature detector 18, a reformer 20, and a controller 30. It is equipped with.
- the desulfurizer 12 includes a desulfurization catalyst 14 that removes sulfur compounds in the raw material.
- the desulfurizer 12 removes the sulfur compound in the raw material gas supplied to the reformer using a hydrogenation reaction at a temperature higher than normal temperature (for example, 200 ° C. to 400 ° C.).
- the desulfurizer 12 is not limited to a hydrodesulfurizer, and may be another desulfurizer as long as it is used at a temperature higher than normal temperature.
- a desulfurizer filled with a desulfurization catalyst containing a solid acid desulfurizing agent or a desulfurizer filled with a desulfurization catalyst containing a warm adsorption desulfurizing agent may be used.
- the desulfurizer 12 is configured by, for example, filling a container with a desulfurization catalyst 14.
- the raw material can be, for example, city gas containing methane as a main component, natural gas, gas containing an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen as constituent elements, such as LPG, kerosene, and alcohol such as methanol and ethanol.
- City gas refers to gas supplied from gas companies to households through piping.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 is arranged to be heatable by the first heat source 10. Specifically, for example, the desulfurization catalyst 14 and the first heat source 10 are disposed adjacent to the wall so as to sandwich the wall of the container of the desulfurizer 12.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 is a hydrodesulfurization catalyst.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 is, for example, a CuZn catalyst (for example, a Cu—Zn—Ni catalyst, a Cu—Zn—Fe catalyst, etc.) having both a function of converting a sulfur compound into hydrogen sulfide and a function of adsorbing hydrogen sulfide. ) Is used.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 is not limited to this example, and a CoMo-based catalyst that converts a sulfur compound in the raw material gas into hydrogen sulfide, and ZnO that is provided downstream thereof and adsorbs and removes hydrogen sulfide. You may comprise by a system catalyst or a CuZn type catalyst.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 may be another catalyst as long as it is a desulfurization catalyst used at a temperature higher than normal temperature.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 may be, for example, a solid acid desulfurization agent (Lewis acid desulfurization agent, alumina desulfurization agent, etc .: see JP 2010-138013 A), or a warm adsorption desulfurization agent (transition metal desulfurization agent, N i -based desulfurizing agent, C u -based desulfurizing agent, etc .: see JP-A No. 2006-111766).
- the sulfur compound may be artificially added to the raw material as an odorous component, or may be a natural sulfur compound derived from the raw material itself.
- TBM tertiary-butylmercaptan
- DMS dimethyl sulfide
- THT tetrahydrothiophene
- COS carbonyl sulfide
- hydrogen sulfide hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulfide), etc.
- the first heat source 10 is arranged so that the desulfurization catalyst 14 can be heated.
- the first heat source 10 may be an electric heater.
- the first heat source 10 may be a combustor that generates combustion exhaust gas from combustion fuel and combustion air.
- the first temperature detector 16 detects the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 at a predetermined site.
- the predetermined part may be a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that tends to be relatively hot when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is activated.
- the predetermined part may be, for example, a part that is likely to become the highest temperature in the desulfurization catalyst 14 when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 may be a portion where the temperature is higher than the average.
- the predetermined part may be, for example, a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that is likely to reach the highest temperature when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated only by the first heat source 10.
- the predetermined part may be a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that is closest to the first heat source 10.
- the predetermined part may be, for example, a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that is adjacent to the part of the first heat source 10 where the temperature is highest.
- the first temperature detector 16 can be disposed closer to the first wall surface than the second wall surface of the desulfurizer 12. Since the desulfurizer 12 is mainly heated by the first heat source 10 when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started, the first wall surface is compared with the second wall surface. Tends to be hot. Since the first temperature detector 16 is disposed on the side close to the first wall surface, the temperature on the high temperature side of the desulfurizer 12 can be detected.
- the 1st temperature detector 16 is arrange
- a thermocouple, a thermistor, or the like can be used as the first temperature detector 16, for example.
- the second temperature detector 18 detects the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 at a portion farther from the first heat source 10 than a predetermined portion (a portion where the first temperature detector 16 detects the temperature).
- the part farther from the first heat source 10 than the predetermined part is, for example, a relatively low temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is activated. Can be an easy site.
- the part farther from the first heat source 10 than the predetermined part is, for example, a part that tends to become the lowest temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started.
- the part farther from the first heat source 10 than the predetermined part can be, for example, a part near the inlet of the desulfurizer 12 where the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 tends to be low.
- the vicinity of the inlet of the desulfurizer 12 tends to be low because the raw material supplied to the desulfurizer 12 is low temperature.
- the part farther from the first heat source 10 than the predetermined part can be, for example, a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that is likely to become the lowest temperature when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated only by the first heat source 10.
- the part farther from the first heat source 10 than the predetermined part can be, for example, the part farthest from the first heat source 10 in the desulfurization catalyst 14.
- the part farther from the first heat source 10 than the predetermined part is, for example, the part farthest from the part where the temperature is highest among the first heat source 10 in the desulfurization catalyst 14. It can be.
- the second temperature detector 18 can be disposed closer to the second wall surface than the first wall surface of the desulfurizer 12. Since the desulfurizer 12 is mainly heated by the first heat source 10 when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started, the second wall surface is compared with the first wall surface. Tends to be colder. Since the second temperature detector 18 is disposed on the side closer to the second wall surface, the temperature on the low temperature side of the desulfurizer 12 can be detected.
- the second temperature detector 18 is disposed in the lower part of the desulfurizer 12 in FIG. 1, for example, it may be disposed in the middle and upper part of the desulfurizer 12.
- a thermocouple, a thermistor, etc. can be used, for example.
- the reformer 20 generates a hydrogen-containing gas from the raw material and steam. Any form may be sufficient as the reforming reaction which the reformer 20 advances. Specific examples include a steam reforming reaction, an autothermal reaction, and a partial oxidation reaction. Equipment required for each reforming reaction can be provided as appropriate. For example, if the reforming reaction is a steam reforming reaction, a combustor that heats the reformer, an evaporator that generates steam, and a water supplier that supplies water to the evaporator may be provided. If the reforming reaction is an autothermal reaction, an air supply device for supplying air to the reformer can be further provided.
- the controller 30 controls the heating of the desulfurization catalyst 14 by the first heat source 10 based on the detection results of the first temperature detector 16 and the second temperature detector 18.
- the controller 30 only needs to have a control function, and includes an arithmetic processing unit (not shown) and a storage unit (not shown) that stores a control program. Examples of the arithmetic processing unit include an MPU and a CPU. A memory is exemplified as the storage unit.
- the controller may be composed of a single controller that performs centralized control, or may be composed of a plurality of controllers that perform distributed control in cooperation with each other.
- the temperature of the first heat source changes. For example, when the heating amount of the first heat source 10 is increased, the temperature of the first heat source 10 is increased, and when the heating amount of the first heat source 10 is decreased, the temperature of the first heat source 10 is decreased.
- the controller 30 controls the heating of the desulfurization catalyst 14 based on the detection results of the temperature detectors 16 and 18 provided at a plurality of locations of the desulfurization catalyst 14. Therefore, it becomes easier to keep the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 in an appropriate range.
- the first heat source 10 may be disposed outside the desulfurizer 12. In such a configuration, assembling is dramatically facilitated as compared to the case where the first heat source 10 such as a heater is disposed inside the desulfurizer 12.
- the hydrogen generator of the second embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or higher than the first threshold. Reduce.
- the first threshold value is set as a value equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the second embodiment can be the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the content of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator. Therefore, about the component which is common in FIG. 1, the same code
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the second embodiment.
- the operation method shown in FIG. 2 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- step S101 When the operation of the hydrogen generator 100 is started (start), heating (heating) of the desulfurizer 12 is started by the first heat source 10. Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or higher than the first threshold (step S101).
- step S101 is executed again. If the determination result is NO, step S101 is executed again. If the determination result is YES, the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is reduced (step S102). At this time, the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is appropriately set, but the heating of the desulfurization catalyst 14 by the first heat source 10 may be stopped.
- the desulfurization catalyst 14 When the desulfurization catalyst 14 is at a low temperature, the hydrogenation reaction hardly occurs and the sulfur adsorption hardly occurs. If the raw material is supplied to the desulfurizer 12 in this state, the sulfur compound in the raw material is supplied downstream without being sufficiently desulfurized by the desulfurizer 12, and there is a possibility that, for example, the life of the fuel cell is reduced. In this case, the raw material may be supplied to the desulfurizer 12 after heating almost the entire area of the desulfurization catalyst 14 to a temperature at which desulfurization easily occurs (use temperature), that is, after the temperature rise of the desulfurization catalyst 14 is completed.
- use temperature a temperature at which desulfurization easily occurs
- the second temperature detector 18 is, for example, a portion of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that has a relatively low temperature when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is activated. The temperature is detected. If the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or higher than the first threshold value, the desulfurization catalyst 14 becomes an appropriate temperature, and desulfurization can be performed over substantially the entire area of the desulfurization catalyst 14.
- the first threshold value may be 150 ° C. or 165 ° C., for example.
- the amount of heating by the first heat source 10 decreases. Even when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold, if the desulfurizer 12 is continuously heated at the heating pace, the energy required for heating is consumed more than necessary or the desulfurizer 12 is used. May overheat. By reducing the amount of heating by the first heat source 10, it is possible to avoid these problems.
- the hydrogen generator of the third embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the first temperature detector is equal to or higher than the second threshold. Reduce.
- the second threshold value is set as a value equal to or lower than the upper limit value of the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the third embodiment can be the same as that of the first embodiment except for the content of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator. Therefore, about the component which is common in FIG. 1, the same code
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the third embodiment.
- the operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the operation method shown in FIG. 3 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- Step S201 When the operation of the hydrogen generator 100 is started and the generation of the hydrogen-containing gas is started (start), it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 16 is equal to or higher than the second threshold value.
- step S201 is executed again.
- the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is reduced (step S202). At this time, the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is appropriately set, but the heating of the desulfurization catalyst 14 by the first heat source 10 may be stopped.
- the first temperature detector 16 is, for example, a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that is relatively hot when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started. The temperature is detected. When the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 16 becomes equal to or higher than the second threshold value, the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 does not become too high by reducing the amount of heating by the first heat source 10, and the desulfurizer. 12 can be used at a suitable temperature.
- the second threshold may be 350 ° C. or 320 ° C., for example.
- the second threshold value is set by paying attention to the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14, but the second threshold value may be set by paying attention to the heat resistance of the container of the desulfurizer 12. Specifically, the second threshold value is set as a value equal to or lower than the heat resistant temperature of the desulfurizer 12.
- the heating amount of the first heat source 10 decreases. Even if the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 16 becomes equal to or higher than the second threshold, if the desulfurizer 12 is continuously heated at the same heating pace, the desulfurizer 12 overheats and the desulfurization catalyst 14 is activated. Or the container of the desulfurizer 12 may be damaged. By reducing the amount of heating by the first heat source 10, it is possible to avoid these problems.
- the second embodiment and the third embodiment may be combined.
- the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or lower than the third threshold value. To raise.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst may fall outside an appropriate temperature range. If there is, heating by the first heat source can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the reactivity of the desulfurization reaction is lowered due to the temperature decrease of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the third threshold value is set as a value equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the third threshold value may be smaller than the first threshold value.
- the lower limit of the appropriate temperature range of the desulfurization catalyst may be the third threshold value.
- the second temperature detector detects when a part of the desulfurization catalyst falls below the appropriate temperature range.
- the temperature to be used may be the third threshold value.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the fourth embodiment can be the same as that of the first embodiment except for the content of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator. Therefore, about the component which is common in FIG. 1, the same code
- the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or higher than the first threshold.
- the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or higher than the first threshold.
- the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or lower than a third threshold value that is smaller than the first threshold value, the amount of heating by the first heat source may be increased.
- the hydrogen generator of the fourth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the first temperature detector is equal to or higher than the second threshold. When the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or lower than the third threshold value, the amount of heating by the first heat source may be increased.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst is an appropriate temperature. If there is a possibility of rising beyond the range, the amount of heating by the first heat source is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of damage to the desulfurization catalyst or the like due to overheating.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst falls outside an appropriate temperature range. The heating amount is increased by the heat source. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the reactivity of the desulfurization reaction is lowered due to the temperature decrease of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the hydrogen utilization device may be any device as long as it uses hydrogen, and examples thereof include a hydrogen tank and a fuel cell.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the fourth embodiment.
- the operation method shown in FIG. 4 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- Step S301 it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or lower than the third threshold.
- step S301 is executed again.
- the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is increased (step S302).
- step S302 By increasing the heating amount by the first heat source 10, for example, the heating of the desulfurization catalyst 14 by the first heat source 10 is resumed.
- the second temperature detector 18 is, for example, a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 at a relatively low temperature when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started.
- the temperature is detected. Therefore, for example, the third threshold value is set to the lower limit of the temperature range in which the desulfurization reaction easily occurs in the desulfurization catalyst 14.
- the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or lower than the third threshold, the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 does not become too low by increasing the amount of heating by the first heat source 10, and the desulfurizer 12 can be used at a suitable temperature.
- the desulfurization reaction can be allowed to proceed over substantially the entire area of the desulfurization catalyst 14.
- the third threshold value may be 160 ° C. or 180 ° C., for example.
- the amount of heating by the first heat source 10 increases. If the heating amount of the desulfurizer 12 (including the case where the heating amount is zero and minus) is kept unchanged even after the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 becomes equal to or lower than the third threshold value, the desulfurizer 12 The temperature is too low and the desulfurization reaction does not easily proceed in at least a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14. By increasing the heating amount by the first heat source 10, it is possible to avoid these problems.
- the second embodiment and the fourth embodiment may be combined.
- the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment may be combined.
- the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment may be combined.
- the hydrogen generator of the fifth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the first temperature detector is equal to or lower than the fourth threshold value. To raise.
- the hydrogen utilization device may be any device as long as it uses hydrogen, and examples thereof include a hydrogen tank and a fuel cell.
- the fourth threshold value is set as a value equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the fourth threshold value may be smaller than the second threshold value.
- the hydrogen generator of the fifth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the first temperature detector is equal to or higher than the second threshold.
- the controller is configured to heat the first heat source when the temperature detected by the first temperature detector is equal to or higher than the second threshold.
- the temperature detected by the first temperature detector falls below a fourth threshold value that is smaller than the second threshold value, the amount of heating by the first heat source may be increased.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied from the hydrogen generator to the hydrogen-using device, if the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst may fall outside the appropriate temperature range, the first heat source Heating can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively reduce the possibility that the reactivity of the desulfurization reaction is lowered due to the temperature decrease of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the fifth embodiment can be the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the contents of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator. Therefore, about the component which is common in FIG. 1, the same code
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the fifth embodiment.
- the operation method shown in FIG. 5 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- Step S401 it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 16 is equal to or lower than the fourth threshold.
- step S401 is executed again.
- the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is increased (step S402).
- step S402 By increasing the heating amount by the first heat source 10, for example, heating of the desulfurization catalyst 14 by the first heat source 10 is started.
- the second temperature detector 18 is, for example, a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14 at a relatively low temperature when the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated by the first heat source 10 when the hydrogen generator 100 is started. The temperature is detected. Therefore, for example, the fourth threshold value is set to the lower limit of the temperature range in which the desulfurization reaction easily occurs in the desulfurization catalyst 14.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied from the hydrogen generator 100 to the hydrogen-using device, if the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or lower than the fourth threshold value, the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is increased. By doing so, the desulfurization catalyst 14 is heated, and the desulfurizer 12 can be used at an appropriate temperature. Specifically, for example, the desulfurization reaction can be allowed to proceed over substantially the entire area of the desulfurization catalyst 14.
- the fourth threshold value may be 160 ° C. or 180 ° C., for example.
- the amount of heating by the first heat source 10 increases. If the heating amount of the desulfurizer 12 (including the case where the heating amount is zero and minus) is kept unchanged even after the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 16 becomes equal to or lower than the fourth threshold value, the desulfurizer 12 The temperature is too low and the desulfurization reaction does not easily proceed in at least a part of the desulfurization catalyst 14. By increasing the heating amount by the first heat source 10, it is possible to avoid these problems.
- the second embodiment and the fifth embodiment may be combined.
- the third embodiment and the fifth embodiment may be combined. You may combine 2nd Embodiment, 3rd Embodiment, 4th Embodiment, and 5th Embodiment.
- the second to fifth embodiments can be arbitrarily combined.
- the hydrogen generation device is the hydrogen generation device according to any one of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the fourth embodiment, and the fifth embodiment, and the controller is configured to start the hydrogen generation device.
- the heating amount by the first heat source is controlled based on the temperature detected by the second temperature detector, and the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied from the hydrogen generator to the hydrogen-using device.
- the heating amount by the first heat source is controlled based on the temperature detected by the first temperature detector.
- the first heat source is used as the main heating source at the time of start-up, and the desulfurization catalyst becomes cooler on the side far from the first heat source. Therefore, the amount of heating by the first heat source is controlled based on the temperature detected by the second temperature detector arranged at a location far from the first heat source.
- the main heating source is the reformer.
- the desulfurization catalyst has a lower temperature on the side closer to the first heat source. That is, at the time of start-up and when the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied from the hydrogen generator to the hydrogen-using device, the lower-temperature portion of the desulfurization catalyst is switched. Therefore, the amount of heating by the first heat source is controlled based on the temperature detected by the first temperature detector disposed at a location closer to the first heat source.
- the hydrogen using device may be any device as long as it uses hydrogen, for example, a hydrogen storage tank, a fuel cell, or the like.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the sixth embodiment can be the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the contents of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator. Therefore, about the component which is common in FIG. 1, the same code
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the sixth embodiment.
- the operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the operation method shown in FIG. 6 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is controlled based on the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 (step S501). .
- step S503 supply of the hydrogen-containing gas to the hydrogen-using device is started (step S503).
- the amount of heating by the first heat source 10 is controlled based on the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 16 (step S504).
- the hydrogen generator of the seventh embodiment is the hydrogen generator of either the first embodiment or the sixth embodiment, and the desulfurizer is closer to the second temperature detector than the first temperature detector.
- the controller is arranged to be able to be heated by the arranged second heat source, and when the hydrogen generator is activated, the controller heats the desulfurization catalyst by the first heat source when the desulfurization catalyst is heated by the second heat source.
- the heating amount of the desulfurizer by the first heat source is set to be larger than the heating amount of the desulfurizer by the heat source. Larger than.
- the startup time of the hydrogen generator can be shortened.
- heating by the first heat source can be reduced, so that the hydrogen generator can be operated efficiently.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the seventh embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 200 according to the seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the hydrogen generator 200 includes a second heat source 21.
- the second heat source 21 is disposed at a position where the desulfurization catalyst 14 can be heated.
- the second heat source 21 is For example, it may be disposed adjacent to the second wall surface of the desulfurizer 12. However, the second heat source 21 may be disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the desulfurizer 12, or may be provided adjacent to the first wall surface.
- the second heat source 21 can be, for example, a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas from a raw material and water vapor.
- a transformer that reduces carbon monoxide from hydrogen-containing gas and water vapor, a combustor that generates combustion exhaust gas from combustion fuel and combustion air, a fuel cell, and the like can be used.
- the second heat source is a device that takes more time to maximize the amount of heating to the desulfurizer than the first heat source, and is a device that is warmed up at the time of startup and has been warmed up when the startup is completed. .
- the reforming reaction that the reformer proceeds may take any form. Specific examples include a steam reforming reaction, an autothermal reaction, and a partial oxidation reaction. Although not shown in FIG. 7, equipment required for each reforming reaction can be provided as appropriate. For example, if the reforming reaction is a steam reforming reaction, a combustor that heats the reformer, an evaporator that generates steam, and a water supplier that supplies water to the evaporator may be provided. If the reforming reaction is an autothermal reaction, an air supply device for supplying air to the reformer can be further provided.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator 200 according to the seventh embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the above points and the contents of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator 200. Can do. Therefore, components common to FIGS. 1 and 7 are given the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the seventh embodiment.
- the operation method shown in FIG. 8 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- the heating amount by the first heat source 10 is controlled to be larger than the heating amount by the second heat source 21 (step S601).
- step S602 supply of the hydrogen-containing gas to the hydrogen-using device is started (step S603).
- the heating amount by the second heat source 21 is controlled to be larger than the heating amount by the first heat source 10 (step S604). At this time, the heating of the desulfurizer 12 by the first heat source 10 may be stopped, and the heating by the first heat source 10 may be performed when the desulfurizer 12 needs to be heated.
- the hydrogen generator of the eighth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and further includes a cooler disposed at a position where the desulfurization catalyst can be cooled, and the desulfurizer is from the first temperature detector. Is arranged so that it can be heated by a second heat source disposed close to the second temperature detector, and the controller operates the cooler when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector exceeds the fifth threshold value.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst is an appropriate temperature. If there is a possibility of rising outside the range, the desulfurization catalyst can be cooled by operating the cooler. Therefore, the possibility of damage to the desulfurization catalyst or the like due to overheating can be reduced.
- the fifth threshold value is set as a value equal to or lower than the upper limit value of the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the controller detects the temperature detected by the second temperature detector when the heating to the desulfurizer by the second heat source is greater than the heating amount to the desulfurizer by the first heat source, If it becomes above, you may operate a cooler.
- the controller supplies the cooler when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or higher than the fifth threshold value when supplying the hydrogen-containing gas from the hydrogen generator to the hydrogen-using device. It may be operated.
- the controller may operate the cooler when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector becomes equal to or higher than the fifth threshold after completion of the temperature increase at startup.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the eighth embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 300 according to the eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 9.
- the hydrogen generator 300 includes a cooler 22.
- the cooler 22 is disposed at a position where the desulfurization catalyst 14 can be cooled.
- the cooler 22 is
- the desulfurizer 12 may be disposed adjacent to the first wall surface.
- the cooler 22 may be disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the desulfurizer 12, or may be provided adjacent to the first wall surface.
- the cooler 22 may be provided adjacent to a portion of the desulfurization catalyst 14 that is likely to reach the highest temperature.
- the cooler 22 may be provided adjacent to the first temperature detector 16.
- cooler 22 for example, a cooling fan, a cooling pipe connected to a cooling water pump, a heat exchanger, or the like can be used.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator 300 according to the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the seventh embodiment except for the above points and the contents of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator 300. Can do. Therefore, components common to FIGS. 7 and 9 are given the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the eighth embodiment.
- the operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the operation method shown in FIG. 10 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- step S701 When the operation of the hydrogen generator 300 is started (start) and desulfurization is started (step S701), it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or higher than the fifth threshold value. (Step S702).
- step S702 is executed again.
- step S703 the operation of the cooler 22 is started (step S703). By starting the operation of the cooler 22, for example, the cooling of the desulfurization catalyst 14 by the cooler 22 is started.
- the second temperature detector 18 detects, for example, the temperature of the relatively high temperature portion of the desulfurization catalyst 14 when the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied from the hydrogen generator to the hydrogen-using device. .
- the desulfurizer 12 is kept at an appropriate temperature without causing the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14 to become too high by operating the cooler. Can be used.
- the fifth threshold value may be 350 ° C. or 320 ° C., for example.
- the fifth threshold value is set by paying attention to the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst 14, but the fifth threshold value may be set by paying attention to the heat-resistant temperature of the desulfurizer 12. Specifically, the fifth threshold value is set as a value equal to or lower than the heat resistant temperature of the desulfurizer 12.
- the cooler 22 operates after the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 16 becomes equal to or higher than the fifth threshold value. Even if the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 becomes equal to or higher than the fifth threshold, if the desulfurizer 12 is continuously heated at the same heating pace, the desulfurizer 12 overheats and the desulfurization catalyst 14 is activated. Or the container of the desulfurizer 12 may be damaged. By operating the cooler 22, these problems can be avoided.
- the second embodiment and the eighth embodiment may be combined.
- the fourth embodiment and the eighth embodiment may be combined.
- the second embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment, and the eighth embodiment may be combined.
- the second to eighth embodiments can be arbitrarily combined.
- the hydrogen generator of the ninth embodiment is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment, and the desulfurizer is provided by a second heat source disposed closer to the second temperature detector than the first temperature detector.
- the controller reduces the amount of heating by the second heat source and detects the temperature detected by the second temperature detector. Becomes equal to or less than the seventh threshold value, which is smaller than the sixth threshold value, the heating amount by the second heat source is increased.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst is an appropriate temperature. If there is a possibility of rising beyond the range, the amount of heating by the second heat source can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of damage to the desulfurization catalyst or the like due to overheating.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst falls within an appropriate temperature range. If there is a possibility that it has fallen off, heating by the second heat source can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the reactivity of the desulfurization reaction is lowered due to the temperature decrease of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the sixth threshold is set as a value equal to or lower than the upper limit of the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the seventh threshold value may be set as a value equal to or lower than the upper limit value of the use temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the ninth embodiment can be the same as that of the seventh embodiment except for the contents of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator. Therefore, components common to those in FIG. 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the ninth embodiment.
- the operation method shown in FIG. 11 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- step S801 When the operation of the hydrogen generator 200 is started (start) and desulfurization is started (step S801), it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or higher than the sixth threshold value. (Step S802).
- step S802 If the decision result in the step S802 is YES, the heating amount by the second heat source 21 is lowered (step S803).
- step S802 If the determination result in step S802 is NO, or if step S803 is completed, it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or lower than a seventh threshold value (step S804). .
- step S804 If the decision result in the step S804 is YES, the heating amount by the second heat source 21 is increased (step S805).
- step S804 determines whether the determination result of step S804 is NO, or if step S805 is completed, the process returns to the determination of step S802.
- the hydrogen generator according to the tenth embodiment is the hydrogen generator according to the first embodiment, and further includes a cooler disposed at a position where the desulfurization catalyst can be cooled.
- the desulfurizer is based on the first temperature detector. Is arranged so that it can be heated by a second heat source disposed at a position close to the second temperature detector, and when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector falls below the eighth threshold, the controller When the heating amount is increased and the temperature detected by the second temperature detector becomes equal to or higher than the fifth threshold value, the cooler is operated.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst is an appropriate temperature. Heating by the second heat source can be increased if there is a possibility of falling outside the range. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the reactivity of the desulfurization reaction is lowered due to the temperature decrease of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the temperature of a part of the desulfurization catalyst falls within an appropriate temperature range. If there is a possibility that the temperature exceeds the desulfurization catalyst, the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst can be lowered by the cooler. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of damage to the desulfurization catalyst or the like due to overheating.
- the eighth threshold value is set as a value equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the operating temperature of the desulfurization catalyst.
- the operating temperature is a temperature suitable for use of the desulfurization catalyst and is a temperature at which the desulfurization performance is appropriately exhibited. When a desulfurization catalyst is used, the temperature is controlled so that the catalyst temperature becomes the operating temperature.
- the device configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the tenth embodiment can be the same as that of the eighth embodiment, except for the content of control by the controller 30, that is, the operation method of the hydrogen generator. Therefore, the same components and names as those in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the controller detects the temperature detected by the second temperature detector when the heating to the desulfurizer by the second heat source is greater than the heating amount to the desulfurizer by the first heat source, If it becomes above, you may operate a cooler.
- the controller supplies the cooler when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector is equal to or higher than the fifth threshold value when supplying the hydrogen-containing gas from the hydrogen generator to the hydrogen-using device. It may be operated.
- the controller may operate the cooler when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector becomes equal to or higher than the fifth threshold after completion of the temperature increase at startup.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the hydrogen generator according to the tenth embodiment.
- the operation method shown in FIG. 12 can be executed by the controller 30 controlling each part of the hydrogen generator according to a program stored in the controller 30, for example.
- step S901 When the operation of the hydrogen generator 300 is started (start) and desulfurization is started (step S901), it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or lower than the eighth threshold value. (Step S902).
- step S903 If the decision result in the step S902 is YES, the heating amount by the second heat source 21 is increased (step S903).
- step S902 If the determination result in step S902 is NO, or if step S903 is completed, it is determined whether or not the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 18 is equal to or higher than a fifth threshold (step S904). .
- step S904 If the decision result in the step S904 is YES, the operation of the cooler 22 is started (step S905).
- step S904 determines whether the determination result of step S904 is NO, or if step S905 is completed, the process returns to the determination of step S902.
- a fuel cell system includes the hydrogen generator according to any one of the first to tenth embodiments, and a fuel cell that generates power using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.
- Such a configuration makes it easier to keep the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst in an appropriate range.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to the eleventh embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 500 according to the seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 13.
- the fuel cell system 500 includes a hydrogen generator 100 and a fuel cell 400.
- the fuel cell 400 generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator 100.
- the fuel cell may be of any type, and examples include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a phosphoric acid fuel cell.
- a hot module can be configured by incorporating the reformer and the fuel cell in one container.
- the hydrogen generator 100 can have the same configuration as the hydrogen generator 100 of the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed description is omitted. Note that the hydrogen generator 100 may be any one of the hydrogen generators according to the second embodiment to the tenth embodiment, or may be a hydrogen generator arbitrarily combined with the second to tenth embodiments.
- the operation of the fuel cell system 500 can be the same as that of the first to tenth embodiments except that the fuel cell 400 generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator 100. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.
- One embodiment of the present invention is useful as a hydrogen generator that makes it easier to keep the temperature of a desulfurization catalyst within an appropriate range, and a fuel cell system including the hydrogen generator.
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態の水素生成装置は、原料中の硫黄化合物を除去する脱硫触媒を備え、脱硫触媒が第1熱源により加熱可能に配置されている、脱硫器と、脱硫器を通過した原料を用いて水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、所定部位の脱硫触媒の温度を検知する第1温度検知器と、所定部位よりも第1熱源から遠い部位の脱硫触媒の温度を検知する第2温度検知器と、第1温度検知器および第2温度検知器の検知結果に基づいて第1熱源による脱硫触媒の加熱を制御する制御器と、を備える。
図1は、第1実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。以下、図1を参照しつつ、第1実施形態にかかる水素生成装置100について説明する。
第2実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、制御器は、第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第1閾値以上になると、第1熱源による加熱量を低下させる。
図2は、第2実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図2を参照しつつ、第2実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図2に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第3実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、制御器は、第1温度検知器により検知される温度が第2閾値以上になると、第1熱源による加熱量を低下させる。
図3は、第3実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図3を参照しつつ、第3実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図3に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第4実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、制御器は、第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第3閾値以下になると、第1熱源による加熱量を上昇させる。
図4は、第4実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図4を参照しつつ、第4実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図4に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第5実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、制御器は、第1温度検知器により検知される温度が第4閾値以下になると、第1熱源による加熱量を上昇させる。
図5は、第5実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図5を参照しつつ、第5実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図5に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第6実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態、第2実施形態、第4実施形態、第5実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置であって、制御器は、水素生成装置の起動において、第1熱源により脱硫触媒を加熱しているとき、第2温度検知器により検知される温度に基づいて第1熱源による加熱量を制御し、水素生成装置から水素利用機器へ水素含有ガスを供給しているときは、第1温度検知器により検知される温度に基づいて第1熱源による加熱量を制御する。
図6は、第6実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図6を参照しつつ、第6実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図6に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第7実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態または第6実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置であって、脱硫器は、第1温度検知器よりも第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、制御器は、水素生成装置の起動において、第1熱源により脱硫触媒を加熱しているとき、第1熱源による脱硫器の加熱量を第2熱源による脱硫器の加熱量よりも大きくし、水素生成装置から水素利用機器へ水素含有ガスを供給しているときは、第2熱源による脱硫器の加熱量を第1熱源による脱硫器の加熱量よりも大きくする。
図7は、第7実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。以下、図7を参照しつつ、第7実施形態にかかる水素生成装置200について説明する。
図8は、第7実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図8を参照しつつ、第7実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図8に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第8実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、さらに、脱硫触媒を冷却可能な位置に配置された冷却器を備え、脱硫器は、第1温度検知器よりも第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、制御器は、第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第5閾値以上になると、冷却器を動作させる。
図9は、第8実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す模式図である。以下、図9を参照しつつ、第8実施形態にかかる水素生成装置300について説明する。
図10は、第8実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図10を参照しつつ、第8実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図10に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第9実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、脱硫器は、第1温度検知器よりも第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、制御器は、第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第6閾値以上になると、第2熱源による加熱量を低下させ、かつ、第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第6閾値よりも小さい第7閾値以下になると、第2熱源による加熱量を増加させる。
図11は、第9実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図11を参照しつつ、第9実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図11に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第10実施形態の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、さらに、脱硫触媒を冷却可能な位置に配置された冷却器を備え、脱硫器は、第1温度検知器よりも第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、制御器は、第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第8閾値以下になると、第2熱源による加熱量を増加させ、かつ、第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第5閾値以上になると、冷却器を動作させる。
図12は、第10実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。以下、図12を参照しつつ、第10実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の運転方法を説明する。なお、図12に示す運転方法は、例えば、制御器30に記憶されているプログラムに従って、制御器30が水素生成装置の各部を制御することにより実行されうる。
第11実施形態の燃料電池システムは、第1実施形態~第10実施形態のいずれかの水素生成装置と、水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池とを備える。
図13は、第11実施形態にかかる燃料電池システムの概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。以下、図13を参照しつつ、第7実施形態にかかる燃料電池システム500について説明する。
12 脱硫器
14 脱硫触媒
16 第1温度検知器
18 第2温度検知器
20 改質器
21 第2熱源
22 冷却器
30 制御器
100、200、300 水素生成装置
400 燃料電池
500 燃料電池システム
Claims (16)
- 原料中の硫黄化合物を除去する脱硫触媒を備え、前記脱硫触媒が第1熱源により加熱可能に配置されている、脱硫器と、
前記脱硫器を通過した原料を用いて水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
所定部位の前記脱硫触媒の温度を検知する第1温度検知器と、
前記所定部位よりも前記第1熱源から遠い部位の前記脱硫触媒の温度を検知する第2温度検知器と、
前記第1温度検知器および前記第2温度検知器の検知結果に基づいて前記第1熱源による前記脱硫触媒の加熱を制御する制御器と、
を備えた、水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第1閾値以上になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を低下させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第1温度検知器により検知される温度が第2閾値以上になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を低下させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第3閾値以下になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を上昇させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第1温度検知器により検知される温度が第4閾値以下になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を上昇させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、
前記水素生成装置の起動において、前記第1熱源により前記脱硫触媒を加熱しているとき、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度に基づいて前記第1熱源による加熱量を制御し、
前記水素生成装置から水素利用機器へ水素含有ガスを供給しているときは、前記第1温度検知器により検知される温度に基づいて前記第1熱源による加熱量を制御する、
請求項1、2、4、5のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記脱硫器は、前記第1温度検知器よりも前記第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、
前記制御器は、
前記水素生成装置の起動において、前記第1熱源により前記脱硫触媒を加熱しているとき、前記第1熱源による前記脱硫器の加熱量を前記第2熱源による前記脱硫器の加熱量よりも大きくし、
前記水素生成装置から水素利用機器へ水素含有ガスを供給しているときは、前記第2熱源による前記脱硫器の加熱量を前記第1熱源による前記脱硫器の加熱量よりも大きくする、
請求項1または6に記載の水素生成装置。 - さらに、前記脱硫触媒を冷却可能な位置に配置された冷却器を備え、
前記脱硫器は、前記第1温度検知器よりも前記第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、
前記制御器は、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第5閾値以上になると、前記冷却器を動作させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第1閾値以上になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を低下させ、かつ、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が前記第1閾値よりも小さい第3閾値以下になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を増加させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第1温度検知器により検知される温度が第2閾値以上になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を低下させ、かつ、前記第1温度検知器により検知される温度が前記第2閾値よりも小さい第4閾値以下になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を増加させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第1温度検知器により検知される温度が第2閾値以上になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を低下させ、かつ、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第3閾値以下になると、前記第1熱源による加熱量を増加させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記脱硫器は、前記第1温度検知器よりも前記第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、
前記制御器は、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第6閾値以上になると、前記第2熱源による加熱量を低下させ、かつ、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が前記第6閾値よりも小さい第7閾値以下になると、前記第2熱源による加熱量を増加させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - さらに、前記脱硫触媒を冷却可能な位置に配置された冷却器を備え、
前記脱硫器は、前記第1温度検知器よりも前記第2温度検知器に近い位置に配設された第2熱源により加熱可能に配置され、
前記制御器は、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第8閾値以下になると、前記第2熱源による加熱量を増加させ、かつ、前記第2温度検知器により検知される温度が第5閾値以上になると、前記冷却器を動作させる、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記第1熱源は、電気ヒータである、請求項1-13のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記第2熱源は、前記改質器である、請求項7、8、12、13のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置。
- 請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置と、
前記水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池とを備える、
燃料電池システム。
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JP5651277B1 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
EP2985259A4 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
EP2985259A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
JPWO2014167864A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
EP2985259B1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
US20150165409A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
US9278329B2 (en) | 2016-03-08 |
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