WO2014156942A1 - マルエージング鋼の製造方法および介在物の微細化方法 - Google Patents
マルエージング鋼の製造方法および介在物の微細化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156942A1 WO2014156942A1 PCT/JP2014/057728 JP2014057728W WO2014156942A1 WO 2014156942 A1 WO2014156942 A1 WO 2014156942A1 JP 2014057728 W JP2014057728 W JP 2014057728W WO 2014156942 A1 WO2014156942 A1 WO 2014156942A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
- B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
- B22D9/003—Machines or plants for casting ingots for top casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing maraging steel and a method for refining inclusions.
- maraging steel has a very high tensile strength of around 2000 MPa
- members that require high strength such as rocket parts, centrifuge parts, aircraft parts, automobile engine continuously variable transmission parts, It is used for various applications such as molds.
- This maraging steel usually contains appropriate amounts of Mo and Ti as strengthening elements, and by performing an aging treatment, intermetallic compounds such as Ni 3 Mo, Ni 3 Ti, and Fe 2 Mo are precipitated. Steel that can provide strength.
- a typical composition of the maraging steel containing Mo and Ti is 18% Ni-8% Co-5% Mo-0.45% Ti-0.1% Al-bal. Fe.
- Non-metallic inclusions such as nitrides and carbonitrides such as TiN and TiCN are the greatest factors that degrade the fatigue strength.
- TiN often has a rectangular parallelepiped shape having sharp corners. The sharp corners of the cube can be the starting point for crack propagation in the metal matrix (matrix). As a result of the propagation of cracks, the metal material is destroyed. These inclusions are unlikely to become a starting point for fatigue failure of a metal material if the size is fine. However, if these inclusions grow greatly in the metal material, fatigue failure will occur starting from these inclusions.
- VAR vacuum arc remelting method
- maraging steel produced by applying a vacuum arc remelting apparatus also contains relatively large nitrides such as TiN and TiCN, and inclusions of carbonitride, and the remaining large inclusions are performed after VAR. It remains in the material after hot forging, heat treatment, hot rolling and cold rolling. The remaining large inclusions were the cause of fatigue failure starting from the inclusions.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a VAR using a Ti-containing steel material produced by melting and casting a raw material for Ti-containing steel containing no TiN-based inclusions in a vacuum induction furnace. There is a method for producing Ti-containing steel that is performed to refine TiN inclusions.
- Patent Document 2 in primary vacuum melting, Mg is added to molten metal to adjust the composition of the turbid oxide in molten steel so that MgO is the main component.
- a forming step a step of obtaining a consumable electrode in which Mg oxide remains by solidifying molten steel after the Mg oxide forming step, and using the consumable electrode, the degree of vacuum of the atmosphere is higher than that of the Mg oxide forming step.
- the ingot is remelted under reduced pressure to dissociate Mg oxide in the molten metal into Mg and oxygen, and a steel ingot is produced through a dissociation step in which the Mg content is 50% or less of the Mg oxide formation step. Proposed method.
- JP 2001-214212 A Japanese Patent No. 4692282
- the method proposed in Patent Document 1 is characterized in that the Ti-based inclusions can be refined by using a raw material for Ti-containing steel that does not include Ti-based inclusions such as TiN and TiCN.
- a raw material for Ti-containing steel that does not include Ti-based inclusions such as TiN and TiCN.
- Such quality control of the raw material itself is one means for reducing the Ti-based inclusions, but there is a problem that high-quality raw materials are necessarily expensive raw materials and costly.
- the occurrence of Ti inclusions depends on the dissolution conditions and the like. Therefore, depending on the dissolution conditions and the like, Ti-based inclusions may grow greatly during the manufacturing process. Therefore, management of raw materials alone does not solve the problem sufficiently.
- the inclusion miniaturization method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a method of miniaturizing inclusions using Mg, and in particular, Ti-based inclusions can be remarkably miniaturized. This is a very effective method.
- the Ti-based inclusions can be further refined, or the sizes of different Ti-based inclusions can be made uniform depending on the position of the steel ingot after remelting.
- the quality and characteristics of the maraging steel product can be further stabilized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing maraging steel and a method for refinement of inclusions that can further refine Ti inclusions and uniformize the size of Ti inclusions due to differences in steel ingot positions. is there.
- the present inventor has studied a method for further miniaturizing the Ti-based inclusions in maraging steel. As a result, a gas having high thermal conductivity between the steel ingot and the mold is produced when melting a consumable electrode made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide based on the vacuum arc remelting method. If the steel ingot is cooled with the gas and the cooling efficiency of the steel ingot is increased, the Ti-based inclusion is further refined and the size of the Ti-based inclusion due to the difference in the position of the steel ingot is made uniform. The present invention has been found.
- the present invention is a method for producing maraging steel by a vacuum arc remelting method using a vacuum arc remelting apparatus, wherein a consumable electrode made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide is melted in a mold of the apparatus.
- Maraging including at least a steel ingot production process for producing an ingot, wherein the steel ingot production process includes a cooling step for cooling the steel ingot with a rare gas introduced between the steel ingot and the mold. It is a manufacturing method of steel.
- the present invention is a method for refining maraging steel inclusions, and the method refining maraging steel inclusions by a vacuum arc remelting method using a vacuum arc remelting apparatus.
- the method includes at least a steel ingot manufacturing step of manufacturing a steel ingot by melting a consumable electrode made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide in a mold of the apparatus, and the ingot manufacturing step includes the steel ingot A method of refining inclusions in maraging steel, including a cooling step of cooling the steel ingot with a rare gas introduced between the ingot and the mold.
- the Ti-based inclusions remaining in the maraging steel can be refined and the size of the inclusions can be made uniform. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of fatigue fracture starting from Ti-based inclusions.
- the most important feature is that a rare gas is introduced between the mold and the steel ingot in the VAR in the remelting step.
- a rare gas is introduced between the mold and the steel ingot in the VAR in the remelting step.
- the Ti-based inclusion formed in the steel has a high melting point, a part of the Ti inclusions remains undissolved even when the consumable electrode is remelted and exists as a solid in the molten steel pool. And it grows when a molten steel pool solidifies and it becomes a steel ingot. If the cooling rate of the steel ingot can be increased, the steel ingot rapidly solidifies to the inside, so that the growth time of the Ti-based inclusion can be shortened, so that the Ti-based inclusion is miniaturized. be able to.
- cooling is performed by introducing a rare gas into a gap between the steel ingot and the mold using a gas introduction nozzle such as a rare gas introduction pipe.
- a gas introduction nozzle such as a rare gas introduction pipe.
- the cooling rate of the entire steel ingot can be increased by introducing the rare gas from the initial stage of dissolution by VAR, the steel ingot longitudinal direction and the radial direction Ti-based inclusions are prevented from becoming coarse, and the steel The size of Ti inclusions depending on the lump position can be made uniform.
- a rare gas is used as the gas introduced into the gap between the steel ingot and the mold. Since the rare gas does not chemically react with the molten steel and the steel ingot, there is no possibility of forming new inclusions. Furthermore, the danger of an explosion accident due to a chemical reaction can be avoided by using a rare gas.
- a material having high thermal conductivity among rare gases, and among them, He gas is most preferable because it has the highest thermal conductivity among rare gases.
- He gas when He gas is used, there is no problem even if He gas containing an impurity gas to such an extent that a chemical reaction with molten steel and a steel ingot can be ignored.
- the He ratio is 99.9% by volume or more as the purity of He.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the structure of a vacuum arc remelting apparatus for introducing a rare gas according to the present invention.
- the cooling step includes a rare gas introduction step of introducing a rare gas into the mold of the vacuum arc remelting apparatus using the rare gas introduction pipe will be described with reference to FIG.
- the remelting consumable electrode 1 is dropped to form a molten steel pool 2, and a steel ingot 3 is formed.
- the water-cooled copper mold 4 cools the steel ingot 3.
- the rare gas A is introduced between the steel ingot 3 and the water-cooled copper mold 4 from a rare gas cylinder (not shown) through the gas introduction nozzle 5 to cool the steel ingot 3.
- the introduction pressure of the rare gas A can be controlled by measuring the pressure in the gas introduction nozzle 5 for sending the gas from the rare gas cylinder to the water-cooled copper mold 4 by installing the pressure control valve 7.
- the heat capacity per unit volume of the gas increases and the effect of convective heat transfer can be enhanced. From this point of view, when the pressure in the gas pipe is less than 100 Pa, the effect of increasing the cooling rate becomes poor because the effect of convective heat transfer is low. Also, since the vacuum arc remelting device always operates in a reduced pressure atmosphere, even if the pressure of the rare gas introduced into the gap between the steel ingot and the mold is increased, the rare gas leaks from the contact portion between the steel ingot and the mold. The rare gas is exhausted by the vacuum pump.
- rare gas which cools a steel ingot leaks from the contact part between a steel ingot and a casting_mold
- the pressure in the pipe for introducing the rare gas is preferably in the range of 100 Pa to 3000 Pa.
- the lower limit of the pressure in the pipe for introducing the rare gas is preferably 100 Pa, more preferably 600 Pa, more preferably 1000 Pa.
- the pressure is 1000 Pa or more, the effect of reducing the depth of the molten steel pool becomes remarkable.
- transduces preferable He gas is 3000 Pa, More preferably, it is 2500 Pa, More preferably, it is 1900 Pa.
- the method for producing maraging steel is particularly effective for steel having an average diameter of 300 to 800 mm.
- the reason is that the larger the diameter of the steel ingot, the greater the influence of the thermal resistance of the steel ingot itself due to the effect of convective heat transfer between the steel ingot and the mold, and the cooling rate of the steel ingot depends on the diameter of the steel ingot. is there.
- the steel ingot has a lower thermal conductivity, the tendency of the steel ingot cooling rate to depend on the steel ingot diameter becomes stronger, and the effect of increasing the steel ingot cooling rate becomes remarkable when the average diameter of the steel ingot is 300 mm or more. .
- the average diameter of the steel ingot is less than 300 mm, the cooling rate is sufficiently large even when no rare gas is introduced, so that the effect of increasing the cooling rate when the rare gas is introduced is small.
- the average diameter of the steel ingot exceeds 800 mm, even if a rare gas is introduced to enhance the convective heat transfer effect between the steel ingot and the mold, heat removal is hindered by the thermal resistance of the steel ingot itself. The effect of increasing the cooling rate up to the center of the steel ingot may be reduced. Therefore, the average diameter of the steel ingot is preferably 300 mm to 800 mm. In the production of maraging steel, the diameter of the steel ingot is not necessarily constant, and causes some variation. Therefore, the diameter of the steel ingot is specified by calculating its average.
- the cooling rate of the steel ingot can be set to 0.01 ° C./second to 0.1 ° C./second.
- the cooling rate of the steel ingot is the cooling rate of the central portion of the steel ingot. It is difficult to measure the actual cooling rate during actual operation. Therefore, for example, the cooling rate may be measured by simulation before melting.
- the steel ingot is always solidified. It is effective to adopt a structure in which fresh noble gas can be introduced.
- the consumable electrode is made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide.
- a consumable electrode is melted in a mold of a vacuum arc remelting device to manufacture a steel ingot (steel ingot manufacturing process).
- Ti-based inclusions are easily crystallized in the form of a Ti-based inclusion-MgO complex having an oxide mainly composed of magnesium oxide (MgO) as a nucleus. Therefore, maraging steel can contain Ti oxide inclusions in a finely dispersed form by containing magnesium oxide.
- the Ti-based inclusions remaining in the maraging steel are refined and interposed by a manufacturing method including a steel ingot manufacturing process including a cooling process.
- the size of the object can be made uniform.
- the consumable electrode made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide used in this step can be manufactured, for example, by adding magnesium to maraging steel and melting it in a vacuum (consumable electrode manufacturing step).
- a consumable electrode for remelting maraging steel having Mg oxide is obtained. This is because, in this step, Ti-based inclusions can be easily crystallized with oxides mainly composed of MgO as nuclei, and can be in the form of Ti-based inclusions-MgO composites. Furthermore, Ti inclusions can be present in the consumable electrode in a finely dispersed form.
- the amount of Mg added in the consumable electrode manufacturing process is preferably in the range of 10 ppm to 200 ppm.
- the evaporation of Mg from the molten steel surface during remelting can be promoted by setting the degree of vacuum to a reduced pressure atmosphere as much as possible.
- the MgO portion constituting a part of the Ti-based inclusion-MgO complex disappears due to the evaporation of Mg, the remaining Ti-based inclusions are finely dispersed. Therefore, thermal decomposition is promoted and the Ti-based inclusions are removed. It can be completely melted in the molten steel. That is, if the Ti-based inclusions can be completely melted in the VAR, the size of the Ti-based inclusions depends on the growth during solidification in the VAR. Therefore, the effect of introducing the rare gas described above can be sufficiently exerted.
- the method for producing maraging steel of the present invention exhibits an effect on the refinement of Ti inclusions as described above. Therefore, the target maraging steel is particularly effective for the maraging steel to which Ti is positively added.
- a preferred specific composition is as follows. In addition, content is described as mass%.
- Ti is an indispensable element that contributes to strengthening by forming and precipitating fine intermetallic compounds by aging treatment, and preferably 0.2% or more is contained. However, when the content exceeds 3.0%, ductility and toughness deteriorate. Therefore, the Ti content should be 3.0% or less.
- O oxygen
- oxygen is an element that forms oxide inclusions. It is desirable to reduce the amount of oxygen that becomes oxide inclusions. Therefore, the O content is preferably limited to less than 0.001%.
- N nitrogen
- nitrogen is an element that forms nitrides and carbonitride inclusions.
- nitride inclusions can be miniaturized, but it is desirable to reduce the amount of nitrogen that becomes nitride inclusions. Therefore, the N content is preferably limited to less than 0.0015%.
- C carbon
- the upper limit of the C content is preferably 0.01% or less.
- Ni is an indispensable element for forming a tough matrix structure. However, if it is less than 8%, the toughness deteriorates. On the other hand, if it exceeds 22%, austenite becomes stable and it becomes difficult to form a martensite structure. Therefore, the Ni content is preferably 8 to 22%.
- Co does not greatly affect the stability of the martensite structure that is the matrix, but strengthens the precipitation by reducing the solid solubility of Mo and promoting the precipitation of Mo by forming fine intermetallic compounds. Is an element that contributes to However, if the content is less than 5%, a sufficient effect is not necessarily obtained, and if it exceeds 20%, there is a tendency to become brittle. Therefore, the Co content is preferably 5 to 20%.
- Mo is an element that contributes to strengthening by forming fine intermetallic compounds by aging treatment and precipitating them in the matrix.
- the content is less than 2%, the effect is small.
- the content exceeds 9%, coarse precipitates that deteriorate ductility and toughness are easily formed. Therefore, the Mo content is preferably 2 to 9%.
- Al does not only contribute to the aging precipitation strengthening, but also has a deoxidizing action, so it is preferable to contain 0.01% or more, but if it exceeds 1.7%, the toughness deteriorates. Therefore, the Al content is preferably 1.7% or less.
- Fe other than the above elements may be substantially used, but for example, B is an element effective for refining crystal grains, and therefore may be contained in a range of 0.01% or less to the extent that toughness does not deteriorate. Good. Moreover, the impurity element contained unavoidable may be contained.
- miniaturization method is a method of refine
- the method includes at least a steel ingot manufacturing step in which a consumable electrode made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide is melted in a mold of the apparatus to manufacture an ingot.
- Ti-based inclusions are easily crystallized in the form of a Ti-based inclusion-MgO complex having an oxide mainly composed of magnesium oxide (MgO) as a nucleus. Therefore, maraging steel can contain Ti oxide inclusions in a finely dispersed form by containing magnesium oxide. Therefore, if a consumable electrode made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide is used, the Ti-based inclusions remaining in the maraging steel are refined by a refinement method including a steel ingot production process including a cooling process, The size of the inclusion can be made uniform.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- the steel ingot manufacturing step includes a cooling step of cooling the steel ingot with a rare gas introduced between the steel ingot and the mold. This is because it becomes possible to increase the cooling rate of the steel ingot during solidification by making it possible to remove heat by convection heat transfer between the steel ingot and the mold. As a result, it is possible to suppress the growth of Ti-based inclusions at the time of VAR and to achieve miniaturization of Ti-based inclusions. Furthermore, since the cooling rate of the entire steel ingot can be increased by introducing the rare gas from the initial stage of dissolution by VAR, the steel ingot longitudinal direction and the radial direction Ti-based inclusions are prevented from becoming coarse, and the steel The size of the Ti-based inclusions depending on the lump position can be made uniform.
- the cooling rate of the steel ingot can be set to 0.01 ° C./second to 0.1 ° C./second.
- the cooling rate of the steel ingot is the cooling rate of the central portion of the steel ingot.
- a rare gas is used as the gas introduced into the gap between the steel ingot and the mold. Since the rare gas does not chemically react with the molten steel and the steel ingot, it is preferable to use a rare gas with a high thermal conductivity in consideration of the cooling efficiency for cooling the steel ingot without the possibility of forming new inclusions. Of these, He gas is most preferable because it has the highest thermal conductivity among rare gases. By using a rare gas, it is possible to avoid the danger of an explosion accident due to a chemical reaction. Moreover, when He gas is used, there is no problem even if He gas containing an impurity gas to such an extent that a chemical reaction with molten steel and a steel ingot can be ignored. In order to reliably exhibit the cooling effect of He gas, it is preferable that the He ratio is 99.9% by volume or more as the purity of He.
- the cooling step may include a rare gas introduction step of introducing the rare gas into the mold through a rare gas introduction pipe.
- a rare gas introduction step of introducing the rare gas into the mold through a rare gas introduction pipe.
- the pressure in the pipe for introducing the rare gas is preferably in the range of 100 Pa to 3000 Pa.
- the lower limit of the pressure in the pipe for introducing the rare gas is preferably 100 Pa, more preferably 600 Pa, more preferably 1000 Pa.
- transduces preferable He gas is 3000 Pa, More preferably, it is 2500 Pa, More preferably, it is 1900 Pa.
- the method of refining the inclusions of maraging steel is particularly effective for steel ingots having an average diameter of 300 mm to 800 mm.
- the reason is that the larger the diameter of the steel ingot, the greater the influence of the thermal resistance of the steel ingot itself due to the effect of convective heat transfer between the steel ingot and the mold, and the cooling rate of the steel ingot depends on the diameter of the steel ingot. is there.
- the steel ingot has a lower thermal conductivity, the tendency of the steel ingot cooling rate to depend on the steel ingot diameter becomes stronger, and the effect of increasing the steel ingot cooling rate becomes remarkable when the average diameter of the steel ingot is 300 mm or more. .
- the average diameter of the steel ingot is less than 300 mm, the cooling rate is sufficiently large even when no rare gas is introduced, so that the effect of increasing the cooling rate when the rare gas is introduced is small.
- the average diameter of the steel ingot exceeds 800 mm, even if a rare gas is introduced to enhance the convective heat transfer effect between the steel ingot and the mold, heat removal is hindered by the thermal resistance of the steel ingot itself. The effect of increasing the cooling rate up to the center of the steel ingot may be reduced. Therefore, the average diameter of the steel ingot is preferably 300 mm to 800 mm.
- the diameter of the steel ingot is not always constant, and slightly varies. Therefore, the diameter of the steel ingot is specified by calculating its average.
- the present invention suppresses the growth of Ti inclusions in the steel ingot manufacturing process.
- the consumable electrode made of maraging steel containing magnesium oxide used in this step can be manufactured, for example, by adding magnesium to maraging steel and melting it in a vacuum (consumable electrode manufacturing step).
- a consumable electrode for remelting maraging steel having Mg oxide is obtained.
- the Ti-based inclusions are easily crystallized with an oxide mainly composed of MgO as a nucleus, and can be in the form of a Ti-based inclusion-MgO complex.
- Ti inclusions can be present in the consumable electrode in a finely dispersed form.
- the amount of Mg added in the consumable electrode manufacturing process is preferably in the range of 10 ppm to 200 ppm.
- the evaporation of Mg from the molten steel surface during remelting can be promoted by setting the degree of vacuum to a reduced pressure atmosphere as much as possible.
- the MgO portion constituting a part of the Ti-based inclusion-MgO complex disappears due to the evaporation of Mg, the remaining Ti-based inclusions are finely dispersed. Therefore, thermal decomposition is promoted and the Ti-based inclusions are removed. It can be completely melted in the molten steel. That is, if the Ti-based inclusions can be completely melted in the VAR, the size of the Ti-based inclusions depends on the growth during solidification in the VAR. Therefore, the effect of introducing the rare gas described above can be sufficiently exerted.
- Example 1 The present invention will be described in detail as Example 1.
- a consumable electrode manufacturing process a consumable electrode for vacuum arc remelting was manufactured by vacuum melting. In manufacturing the consumable electrode, 14 ppm of Mg was added to form Mg oxide. The test piece was collected from the consumable electrode, the test piece was dissolved with a nitric acid solution, and the solution was filtered through a 5 ⁇ m filter to obtain inclusions from the consumable electrode as a residue that did not dissolve in nitric acid. The resulting inclusions were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) measurement was performed to investigate the presence or absence of Mg oxide. As a result, it was confirmed that the inclusion was a TiN-based inclusion having MgO as a nucleus. The consumable electrode was remelted with VAR to produce a steel ingot.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- molten steel is simultaneously cast using a mold having the same shape for the purpose of making the composition and the number and size of inclusions of the remelting electrode used in the present invention example and the reference example equivalent.
- Two remelting electrodes were produced.
- the vacuum arc remelting was performed using the vacuum arc remelting apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
- the industrial He gas purity standard is 4N or more between the steel ingot 3 and the water-cooled copper mold 4, that is, He.
- the present invention example in which He gas having a ratio of 99.99% by volume or more was introduced was No. It was set to 1.
- the average diameter of the steel ingots of the present invention example and the reference example was 500 mm.
- the electrode 1 for remelting was installed using the vacuum arc remelting furnace shown in FIG.
- He gas was introduced into the gap between the steel ingot 3 and the mold 4 from the gas introduction nozzle 5 installed at the lower part of the water-cooled copper mold 4.
- the pressure in the pipe for sending gas from the He gas cylinder to the mold 4 was measured by the pressure measuring device 6, and the He gas pressure set by installing the pressure control valve 7 was always controlled to be constant.
- the introduced He gas was filled in the gap between the steel ingot 3 and the water-cooled copper mold 4 to remove heat from the steel ingot 3, and the gas leaked from the gap was finally discharged to the outside by a vacuum pump (not shown).
- Example No. The He gas pressure in the pipe set in 1 was 1200 Pa. After the dissolution of the electrode was finished, the pipe valve 8 installed in the pipe was closed, and the set value of the pressure control device was set to 0 Pa. No. as an example of the present invention. 1 and Reference Example No. Table 1 shows the composition of 11 remelting electrodes and the composition of the steel ingot.
- the steel ingot is equally spaced in the direction perpendicular to the central axis.
- the inclusion measurement specimen was dissolved in a nitric acid solution, and Ti-based inclusions such as TiN and TiCN that did not dissolve in nitric acid but remained as a residue were filtered with a filter. The residue on the filter after filtration was observed by SEM, and the size of Ti-based inclusions of TiN and TiCN was measured.
- the diameters of Ti-based inclusions of TiN and TiCN were photographed by selecting the Ti-based inclusions by SEM observation, and the photographed SEM photograph of the Ti-based inclusions was taken into the image analysis software. Is the diameter of the circle when the area within the contour is calculated by image processing and the area is defined as a circular area. Of all the Ti-based inclusions observed on the filter, the one with the largest diameter was taken as the maximum length.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the sizes of Ti-based inclusions of TiN and TiCN confirmed at the top, middle, and bottom. Table 2 shows the results of samples taken from the center part (D / 2 part) of the steel ingot, and Table 3 shows the part taken from the middle part (D / 4 part) of the steel ingot radius.
- the present invention example No. in which He gas was introduced at any of the top, middle and bottom positions.
- No. 1 has a smaller maximum length of Ti-based inclusions.
- Reference Example No. In the case of No. 11, coarse Ti-based inclusions of about 7.8 ⁇ m are confirmed. 1, the maximum Ti-based inclusion is about 7.2 ⁇ m. Therefore, when producing a maraging steel ingot by vacuum arc remelting, it was confirmed that the Ti inclusions were refined by introducing He gas into the gap between the steel ingot and the mold.
- Example 2 As Example 2, the diameter of the steel ingot was made larger than that in Example 1 to confirm the applicability of the present invention in the case of producing a large steel ingot. At this time, the steel ingot was manufactured on the conditions which changed the He gas pressure in piping of a vacuum arc remelting apparatus.
- a consumable electrode manufacturing process three consumable electrodes for vacuum arc remelting were manufactured by vacuum melting. In manufacturing the consumable electrode, Mg was added to form Mg oxide. In order to investigate the presence or absence of Mg oxide, a test piece was collected from the consumable electrode by the same method as in Example 1, and the presence or absence of Mg oxide was examined. Had MgO as a nucleus. These consumable electrodes were remelted with VAR to produce a steel ingot.
- two remelting electrodes 1 had a He ratio of 99.9% by volume between the steel ingot 3 and the water-cooled copper mold 4 when remelted by VAR. He gas was introduced to produce a steel ingot (Invention Examples No. 2, No. 3). With respect to the remaining one remelting electrode, a steel ingot was produced without introducing He gas between the steel ingot 3 and the water-cooled copper mold 4 when the vacuum arc was remelted (Reference Example No. 12).
- the average diameter of the steel ingots of the present invention example and the reference example was 550 mm.
- Cooling with He gas was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the set He gas pressure in the pipe is determined according to Example No. of the present invention. 2 is 1300 Pa. 3 was 1860 Pa.
- Table 4 shows the composition of the remelting electrode of the present invention example and the reference example, and the composition of the manufactured steel ingot.
- the variation in the size of the Ti-based inclusions is smaller in the present invention example. 2, No. In the case of No. 3, the maximum lengths at the top and middle portions were in the range of 7.0 to 7.15 ⁇ m and 7.2 to 7.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- Reference Example No. No. 12 the maximum length of the Ti-based inclusions at the top and middle of the slab was 8.1 to 8.5 ⁇ m.
- Table 6 shows the results of calculating the amount of heat removal when the steel ingots were produced in Example 1 and Example 2.
- the amount of heat removed is the average value of the temperature of the cooling water introduced into the water-cooled copper mold, and the average value of the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the water-cooled copper mold after cooling the steel ingot.
- the water temperature of the cooling water of Example 1 was 200 minutes after the operation state of the vacuum arc remelting furnace was stabilized, that is, 200 minutes after the start of the operation, and the remelting was completed from the time when the remelting was started. The time was measured, i.e., 500 minutes after the start of operation.
- the water temperature of the cooling water in Example 2 is the time for which the operation state of the vacuum arc remelting furnace is stabilized, that is, 300 minutes after the start of the operation, The measurement was made during the end time, i.e., 1000 minutes after the start of operation.
- the size of the Ti-based inclusions at the steel ingot position can be made uniform.
- the cooling rate is higher than that of the other regions because it is a portion in contact with the bottom of the water-cooled copper mold 4. Therefore, it is considered that the cooling effect of the mold and the cooling effect of He gas are synergistic, and the Ti-based inclusions are further refined as compared with the top part and the intermediate part of the steel ingot.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、別の側面で、マルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法であり、当該方法は、真空アーク再溶解装置を用いる真空アーク再溶解法によりマルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法であって、マグネシウム酸化物を含むマルエージング鋼からなる消耗電極を前記装置の鋳型内で溶解して鋼塊を製造する鋼塊製造工程を、少なくとも含み、前記鋼塊製造工程は、前記鋼塊と前記鋳型との間に導入する希ガスにより、前記鋼塊を冷却する冷却工程を含む、マルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法、である。
Tiを含有するマルエージング鋼において、鋼中に形成するTi系介在物は高融点であるため、消耗電極を再溶解する際にも一部が溶け残り、溶鋼プール中に固体として存在する。そして、溶鋼プールが凝固して鋼塊となる際に成長する。もし、鋼塊の冷却速度を上昇させることができれば、鋼塊が内部まで速やかに凝固することで、Ti系介在物の成長時間を短くすることができるため、Ti系介在物の微細化を図ることができる。しかしながら、VARにおいては消耗電極を溶解する速度を変化させても、同一鋼塊径であれば凝固中の冷却速度を大きく変化させることは困難である。これは、VARでは鋼塊が凝固収縮して鋼塊と水冷銅鋳型の間に隙間が生じてしまい、その隙間によって伝導伝熱が遮断されてしまうからである。また、従来技術では上記の隙間が減圧雰囲気であるために対流伝熱も起こりにくく、主に輻射伝熱でしか抜熱されないため、鋼塊の冷却が進まないことも理由として挙げられる。鋼塊の抜熱が鋼塊と鋳型間の伝熱に律速されるため、従来技術では、VARでの鋼塊の冷却速度は鋼塊径に大きく依存する。
なお、マルエージング鋼の製造において、鋼塊はその直径が必ずしも一定ではなく、若干のばらつきを生じるものである。そこで、鋼塊の直径はその平均を算出して特定する。
なお、マルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法において、鋼塊はその直径が必ずしも一定ではなく、若干のばらつきを生じるものである。そこで、鋼塊の直径はその平均を算出して特定する。
実施例1として詳しく本発明を説明する。消耗電極製造工程として、真空溶解により真空アーク再溶解用の消耗電極を製造した。消耗電極を製造するにあたり、Mg酸化物を形成させるためにMgを14ppm添加した。消耗電極から試験片を採取して、硝酸溶液により試験片を溶解し、溶解液を5μmのフィルターでろ過することにより、硝酸には溶解しない残渣として、消耗電極から介在物を得た。得られた介在物を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察すると共に、エネルギー分散型X線分析(EDS)測定をすることにより、Mg酸化物の有無を調査した。その結果、介在物は、MgOを核に持つTiN系介在物であることを確認した。その消耗電極をVARで再溶解して鋼塊を製造した。
実施例2として、前記実施例1よりも鋼塊の直径を大きくし、大型の鋼塊を製造する場合における、本発明の適用の可否を確認した。このとき、真空アーク再溶解装置の配管内のHeガス圧力を変更した条件にて、鋼塊を製造した。まず、前記実施例1と同様に消耗電極製造工程として、真空溶解により真空アーク再溶解用の消耗電極を3本製造した。消耗電極を製造するにあたり、Mg酸化物を形成させるためにMgを添加した。Mg酸化物の有無を調査するために、実施例1と同様の方法によって、消耗電極から試験片を採取して、Mg酸化物の有無を調査したところ、3本の消耗電極共にTiN系介在物はMgOを核に持つものであった。これらの消耗電極をVARで再溶解して鋼塊を製造した。
2 溶鋼プール
3 鋼塊
4 水冷銅鋳型
5 ガス導入ノズル
6 圧力測定器
7 圧力制御バルブ
8 配管バルブ
10 真空アーク再溶解装置
A 希ガス
Claims (10)
- 真空アーク再溶解装置を用いる真空アーク再溶解法によるマルエージング鋼の製造方法であって、
マグネシウム酸化物を含むマルエージング鋼からなる消耗電極を前記装置の鋳型内で溶解して鋼塊を製造する鋼塊製造工程を、少なくとも含み、
前記鋼塊製造工程は、前記鋼塊と前記鋳型との間に導入する希ガスにより、前記鋼塊を冷却する冷却工程を含む、マルエージング鋼の製造方法。 - 前記希ガスは、99.9体積%以上のHeを含有する請求項1に記載のマルエージング鋼の製造方法。
- 前記冷却工程は、希ガス導入管により前記希ガスを前記鋳型へ導入する希ガス導入工程を含み、
前記希ガス導入管内の希ガスの圧力は100Pa~3000Paである請求項1または請求項2に記載のマルエージング鋼の製造方法。 - 前記鋼塊の直径の平均が300mm~800mmである請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載のマルエージング鋼の製造方法。
- マルエージング鋼にマグネシウムを加えて真空溶解することにより、前記消耗電極を製造する消耗電極製造工程をさらに含む請求項1~請求項4のいずれかに記載のマルエージング鋼の製造方法。
- 真空アーク再溶解装置を用いる真空アーク再溶解法によりマルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法であって、
マグネシウム酸化物を含むマルエージング鋼からなる消耗電極を前記装置の鋳型内で溶解して鋼塊を製造する鋼塊製造工程を、少なくとも含み、
前記鋼塊製造工程は、前記鋼塊と前記鋳型との間に導入する希ガスにより、前記鋼塊を冷却する冷却工程を含む、マルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法。 - 前記希ガスは、99.9体積%以上のHeを含有する請求項6に記載のマルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法。
- 前記冷却工程は、希ガス導入管により前記希ガスを前記鋳型へ導入する希ガス導入工程を含み、
前記希ガス導入管内の希ガスの圧力は100Pa~3000Paである請求項6または請求項7に記載のマルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法。 - 前記鋼塊の直径の平均が300mm~800mmである請求項6~請求項8のいずれかに記載のマルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法。
- マルエージング鋼にマグネシウムを加えて真空溶解することにより、前記消耗電極を製造する消耗電極製造工程をさらに含む請求項6~請求項9のいずれかに記載のマルエージング鋼の介在物を微細化する方法。
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