WO2014156789A1 - 無灰炭の製造方法 - Google Patents
無灰炭の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156789A1 WO2014156789A1 PCT/JP2014/057203 JP2014057203W WO2014156789A1 WO 2014156789 A1 WO2014156789 A1 WO 2014156789A1 JP 2014057203 W JP2014057203 W JP 2014057203W WO 2014156789 A1 WO2014156789 A1 WO 2014156789A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/322—Coal-oil suspensions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/10—Recycling of a stream within the process or apparatus to reuse elsewhere therein
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/544—Extraction for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/547—Filtration for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ashless coal for obtaining ashless coal from which ash has been removed from coal.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing ashless coal.
- a coal raw material in which caking coal is mixed with general coal and a solvent are mixed to prepare a slurry, the obtained slurry is heated to extract a coal component soluble in the solvent, and the coal component is extracted.
- a solution containing coal components soluble in the solvent and a solid concentrate containing coal components insoluble in the solvent are separated from each other by gravity precipitation, and the solvent is separated from the separated solution.
- by-product coal is produced as a by-product in addition to the ashless coal that is the final product. Since this by-product coal has a higher ash concentration than ashless coal and coking coal, the market value as a fuel is inferior to ashless coal.
- a means for heating the slurry is required.
- a general fluid heating means an electric heater, a heat medium heater, an induction heat transfer type heating furnace, a gas-fired heating furnace, an oil-fired heating furnace, and the like are known.
- the induction heat transfer furnace has a high equipment cost and is difficult to apply to large-capacity heating.
- the gas-fired heating furnace and the oil-fired heating furnace are suitable for the production process of ashless coal and large-capacity heating, but there is a problem that the fuel cost is increased.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing ashless coal that can reduce the running cost required for producing ashless coal.
- the method for producing ashless coal in the present invention includes a slurry preparation step of obtaining a slurry by mixing coal and a solvent, an extraction step of extracting the coal component soluble in the solvent by heating the slurry, and the extraction step From the solution separated in the separation step, the separation step of separating the slurry obtained in step 1 into a solution in which the coal component soluble in the solvent is dissolved and the solid content concentrate in which the coal component insoluble in the solvent is concentrated
- the by-product coal is used as a fuel for heating the slurry obtained in the slurry preparation step.
- the running cost required for producing ashless coal can be suppressed.
- the ashless coal production facility 100 used in the method for producing ashless coal according to the present embodiment includes, in order from the upstream side of the ashless coal (HPC) production process, a coal hopper 1, a solvent tank 2, A slurry preparation tank 3, a transfer pump 4, a preheater 5, an extraction tank 6, a gravity settling tank 7, a filter unit 8, solvent separators 9 and 10, a dryer 11, and a humidifier 12 are provided.
- HPC ashless coal
- the method for producing ashless coal has a slurry preparation step, an extraction step, a separation step, an ashless coal acquisition step, and a byproduct coal acquisition step.
- a bituminous coal with a high extraction rate may be used, and cheaper inferior quality coal (subbituminous coal, lignite) may be used.
- the ashless coal means ash content of 5% by weight or less, preferably 3% by weight or less.
- the slurry preparation step is a step of preparing a slurry by mixing coal and a solvent.
- This slurry preparation process is implemented in the slurry preparation tank 3 in FIG.
- Coal as a raw material is charged into the slurry preparation tank 3 from the coal hopper 1, and a solvent is charged into the slurry preparation tank 3 from the solvent tank 2.
- the coal and solvent charged into the slurry preparation tank 3 are mixed by the stirrer 3a to become a slurry composed of coal and solvent.
- the mixing ratio of coal to the solvent is, for example, 10 to 50% by weight based on dry coal, and more preferably 20 to 35% by weight.
- the extraction step is a step of heating the slurry obtained in the slurry preparation step to extract a coal component soluble in the solvent (dissolve in the solvent).
- This extraction step is performed in the preheater 5 and the extraction tank 6 in FIG.
- This extraction process includes a preheating stage in which the slurry is heated by the preheater 5.
- the slurry prepared in the slurry preparation tank 3 is supplied to the preheater 5 by the transfer pump 4 and heated to a predetermined temperature, then supplied to the extraction tank 6, and held at the predetermined temperature while being stirred by the stirrer 6a. Extraction is performed.
- gas is generated when the coal component soluble in the solvent is extracted.
- This gas is composed of CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 , H 2 , CO, etc., and has a high calorie of about 8000 kcal / kg. Therefore, this gas is used as a fuel for the preheater 5 as an auxiliary fuel for by-product coal described later.
- the non-hydrogen donating solvent is a coal derivative that is a solvent mainly composed of a bicyclic aromatic and purified mainly from a coal carbonization product.
- This non-hydrogen-donating solvent is stable even in a heated state and has excellent affinity with coal. Therefore, the proportion of soluble components (herein, coal components) extracted into the solvent (hereinafter also referred to as extraction rate) In addition, it is a solvent that can be easily recovered by a method such as distillation.
- Main components of the non-hydrogen donating solvent include bicyclic aromatic naphthalene, methyl naphthalene, dimethyl naphthalene, trimethyl naphthalene and the like, and other non-hydrogen donating solvent components have aliphatic side chains. Naphthalenes, anthracenes, fluorenes, and these include biphenyl and alkylbenzenes having long aliphatic side chains.
- the boiling point of the solvent is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of pressure reduction in the extraction step and separation step, extraction rate in the extraction step, solvent recovery rate in the ashless coal acquisition step, etc., for example, a solvent having a boiling point of 180 to 300 ° C., particularly 240 to 280 ° C. Preferably used.
- the heating temperature of the slurry in the extraction step is not particularly limited as long as the solvent-soluble component can be dissolved, and is, for example, 300 to 420 ° C. from the viewpoint of sufficient dissolution of the solvent-soluble component and improvement of the extraction rate. More preferably, it is 360 to 400 ° C.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but it is, for example, 10 to 60 minutes from the viewpoint of sufficient dissolution and improvement of the extraction rate.
- the heating time is the total heating time in the preheater 5 and the extraction tank 6 in FIG.
- the extraction process is performed in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the pressure in the extraction tank 6 is preferably 1.0 to 2.0 MPa, although it depends on the temperature at the time of extraction and the vapor pressure of the solvent used.
- the pressure in the extraction tank 6 is lower than the vapor pressure of the solvent, the solvent volatilizes and is not confined in the liquid phase, so that extraction cannot be performed.
- a pressure higher than the vapor pressure of the solvent is required.
- the pressure is too high, the cost of the equipment and the operating cost increase, which is not economical.
- the separation step the slurry obtained in the extraction step is subjected to a gravity sedimentation method, a solution in which a coal component soluble in a solvent is dissolved, and a solid content in which a coal component insoluble in a solvent (a solvent insoluble component such as ash) is concentrated.
- This is a step of separating into a concentrated liquid (solvent insoluble component concentrated liquid).
- This separation step is performed in the gravity settling tank 7 in FIG.
- the slurry obtained in the extraction step is separated into a supernatant liquid as a solution and a solid content concentrated liquid by gravity in the gravity settling tank 7.
- the supernatant liquid in the upper part of the gravity settling tank 7 is discharged to the solvent separator 9 through the filter unit 8 as necessary, and the solid concentrate settled in the lower part of the gravity settling tank 7 is sent to the solvent separator 10. Discharged.
- Gravity sedimentation method is a method in which a slurry is retained in a tank to settle and separate solvent-insoluble components using gravity.
- a solvent-insoluble component for example, ash
- a continuous separation process is possible by continuously discharging the supernatant from the top and the solid concentrate from the bottom while continuously supplying the slurry into the tank.
- the gravity settling tank 7 is preferably kept warm (or heated) or pressurized in order to prevent reprecipitation of solvent-soluble components eluted from coal.
- the heat retention (heating) temperature is, for example, 300 to 380 ° C.
- the tank internal pressure is, for example, 1.0 to 3.0 MPa.
- a method for separating the solution containing the coal component dissolved in the solvent from the slurry obtained in the extraction step there are a filtration method, a centrifugal separation method and the like in addition to the gravity sedimentation method.
- the ashless coal acquisition step is a step of obtaining ashless coal (HPC) by evaporating and separating the solvent from the solution (supernatant liquid) separated in the separation step.
- This ashless charcoal acquisition process is performed by the solvent separator 9 in FIG.
- the solution separated in the gravity settling tank 7 is filtered by the filter unit 8 and then supplied to the solvent separator 9, and the solvent is evaporated and separated from the supernatant in the solvent separator 9.
- it is preferable that the solvent is separated from the solution in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the solvent is evaporated and separated from the solution in nitrogen gas introduced into the solvent separator 9.
- a general distillation method, evaporation method or the like can be used as a method for separating the solvent from the solution (supernatant liquid).
- the solvent separated by the solvent separator 9 is returned to the solvent tank 2 and circulated and used repeatedly.
- it is not indispensable the same is true in the by-product charcoal acquisition step described later.
- Ashless coal contains almost no ash, has no moisture, and shows a higher calorific value than raw coal. Furthermore, softening meltability (fluidity), which is a particularly important quality as a raw material for coke for iron making, has been greatly improved, and the obtained ashless coal (HPC) is good even if the raw coal does not have softening meltability Soft meltability. Therefore, ashless coal can be used, for example, as a blended coal for coke raw materials. In addition, ashless coal containing almost no ash content has high combustion efficiency and can reduce the generation of coal ash. Therefore, the use of ashless coal as a gas turbine direct injection fuel in a high-efficiency combined power generation system based on gas turbine combustion has attracted attention.
- the byproduct charcoal acquisition step is a step of obtaining byproduct charcoal by evaporating and separating the solvent from the solid concentrate separated in the separation step.
- This byproduct charcoal acquisition process has a byproduct charcoal mixture acquisition process and a byproduct charcoal drying process.
- the byproduct charcoal mixture acquisition step is a step of obtaining a byproduct charcoal mixture in which the solvent remains in the byproduct charcoal by evaporating and separating the solvent from the solid content concentrate separated in the separation step.
- This byproduct charcoal mixture acquisition step is performed by the solvent separator 10 in FIG.
- the solid content concentrate separated in the gravity sedimentation tank 7 is supplied to the solvent separator 10, and the solvent is evaporated and separated from the solid content concentrate in the solvent separator 10.
- the solvent is evaporated and separated from the solid concentrate in the nitrogen gas introduced into the solvent separator 10.
- a general distillation method or evaporation method can be used as in the above-described ashless coal acquisition step.
- the solvent separated by the solvent separator 10 is returned to the solvent tank 2 and circulated and used repeatedly.
- a by-product coal mixture in which the solvent remains in the by-product coal at a ratio of 5 to 10% by weight can be obtained.
- the byproduct coal drying step is a step of obtaining byproduct coal by evaporating and separating the remaining solvent from the byproduct coal mixture.
- This byproduct char drying step is performed by a dryer 11 in FIG.
- the by-product coal mixture obtained by the solvent separator 10 is supplied to the dryer 11, and the solvent remaining from the by-product coal mixture is evaporated and separated in the dryer 11.
- the solvent is preferably separated from the by-product coal mixture in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the dryer 11 is a steam tube dryer that heats, retains, and stirs the by-product coal mixture while circulating nitrogen gas as a carrier gas.
- By-product charcoal contains ash, but has no moisture and has a sufficient calorific value.
- By-product coal does not exhibit softening and melting properties, but the oxygen-containing functional groups are eliminated, so that when used as a blended coal, it inhibits the softening and melting properties of other coals contained in this blended coal. It is not a thing. Therefore, this by-product coal can be used as a part of the blended coal of the coke raw material, as in the case of ordinary non-slightly caking coal, and is used for various fuels without using the coke raw coal. It is also possible. Therefore, in the present invention, all or a part of the by-product coal is used for heating in the extraction process.
- the by-product charcoal is in a powder form, and the particle size (maximum length) is about 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
- by-product coal also contains secondary particles in which particles having a particle size (primary particle size) of about 0.001 to 0.05 mm are aggregated.
- the particle size (secondary particle size) of the secondary particles is, for example, about 0.2 to 5.0 mm, although it depends on the by-product coal recovery conditions.
- the ash concentration of the by-product coal depends on the coal type, it is about 10 to 20% by mass, and the water content of the by-product coal is about 0.00 to 0.20% by mass.
- the by-product charcoal obtained by the dryer 11 is humidified by the humidifier 12 and then used as fuel for the preheater 5.
- by-product coal is burned at about 1000 ° C. to 1400 ° C. and used as fuel for the preheater 5.
- by-product coal is inferior to ashless coal, it has a high calorie of 6000 kcal / kg or more, and exhibits higher ignitability and burn-off performance than raw coal.
- by-product coal obtained in the ashless coal production process has the solvent removed by distillation or evaporation, for example, the temperature is about 200 ° C., and the water content is 0.00 to 0. In a dry state of about 20% by mass. For this reason, handling properties such as scattering by wind are poor. Therefore, the moisture of the byproduct charcoal is adjusted by the humidifier 12. Specifically, in the humidifier 12, water is sprayed on the byproduct charcoal and stirred with a mixer while humidifying. More specifically, by-product coal is put into a mixer, water is added to the by-product coal by spraying to cool to a predetermined temperature, and moisture and humidity are adjusted.
- the by-product charcoal whose moisture has been adjusted in this manner is less likely to be scattered, and handling properties as a fuel are improved.
- the moisture content of the by-product coal is adjusted to 0.1 to 15% by weight.
- the particles of by-product charcoal are pulverized by stirring with a mixer, the particle size can be adjusted.
- the by-product coal whose moisture has been adjusted in this way is supplied to the preheater 5 and used as a fuel for heating the slurry.
- By-product coal has a higher ash concentration than ashless coal and coking coal, and its market value as a fuel is inferior to ashless coal. Therefore, by using by-product coal, which is produced by an ashless coal production process and cheaper than ashless coal, as a fuel for heating the slurry, fuel cost can be suppressed. Thereby, the running cost required for manufacture of ashless coal can be held down. In addition, you may use what mixed coal with byproduct charcoal for the fuel which heats a slurry.
- the gas generated in the extraction tank 6 can be used as fuel for the preheater 5 as an auxiliary fuel for by-product coal.
- This gas alone is insufficient as a fuel for heating the slurry, but is high in calories, and can be suitably used as an auxiliary fuel for by-product coal by supplying the preheater 5 continuously or intermittently.
- the by-product coal fluctuates in calories due to changes in properties such as the drying condition by the dryer 11, the by-product coal can be stably burned by burning this gas together with the by-product coal.
- the by-product charcoal mixture obtained with the solvent separator 10 for the fuel of the preheater 5.
- FIG. The by-product charcoal mixture can be suitably used as a fuel for the preheater 5 because the solvent remains in the by-product charcoal in a proportion of 5 to 10% by weight.
- by-product coal is used as a fuel for heating the slurry obtained in the slurry preparation step. More specifically, by-product coal is used in the preheater 5 as fuel for slurry preheating in the extraction step.
- By-product coal is inferior to ashless coal, but is high in calories and exhibits higher ignitability and burn-off performance than coking coal.
- by-product coal has a higher ash concentration than ashless coal and coking coal, and its market value as fuel is inferior to ashless coal.
- fuel cost can be reduced. Thereby, the running cost required for manufacture of ashless coal can be held down.
- the gas generated when extracting the coal component soluble in the solvent in the extraction tank 6 is used as a fuel together with by-product coal.
- This gas alone is insufficient as a fuel for heating the slurry, but is high in calories and can be suitably used as an auxiliary fuel for by-product coal.
- the calorie fluctuates by a change in properties, the by-product coal can be stably combusted by burning this gas together with the by-product coal.
- the by-product charcoal used as fuel is adjusted in moisture.
- the by-product coal obtained in the ashless coal production process is powdery and dry, and is poor in handling properties such as being scattered by wind. Therefore, by-product coal is made difficult to be scattered by adjusting the moisture of the by-product coal so that the moisture content becomes 0.1 to 15% by weight by humidifying the by-product coal. Thereby, the handleability at the time of using byproduct charcoal as a fuel can be improved.
- the present invention can produce ashless coal with reduced running cost.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態による無灰炭の製造方法に用いられる無灰炭製造設備100は、図1に示すように、無灰炭(HPC)製造工程の上流側から順に、石炭ホッパ1・溶剤タンク2、スラリー調製槽3、移送ポンプ4、予熱器5、抽出槽6、重力沈降槽7、フィルターユニット8、溶剤分離器9・10、ドライヤ11、および、加湿器12を備えている。
スラリー調製工程は、石炭と溶剤とを混合してスラリーを調製する工程である。このスラリー調製工程は、図1中、スラリー調製槽3で実施される。原料である石炭が石炭ホッパ1からスラリー調製槽3に投入されるとともに、溶剤タンク2からスラリー調製槽3に溶剤が投入される。スラリー調製槽3に投入された石炭および溶剤は、攪拌機3aで混合されて石炭と溶剤とからなるスラリーとなる。
抽出工程は、スラリー調製工程で得られたスラリーを加熱して溶剤に可溶な石炭成分を抽出する(溶剤に溶解させる)工程である。この抽出工程は、図1中、予熱器5および抽出槽6で実施される。この抽出工程は、予熱器5によりスラリーを加熱する予熱段階を含む。スラリー調製槽3にて調製されたスラリーは、移送ポンプ4によって、予熱器5に供給されて所定温度まで加熱された後、抽出槽6に供給され、攪拌機6aで攪拌されながら所定温度で保持されて抽出が行われる。ここで、抽出槽6においては、溶剤に可溶な石炭成分を抽出する際にガスが発生する。このガスは、CH4、C2H4、C2H6、C3H8、C4H10、H2、CO等からなり、8000kcal/kg程度と高カロリーである。そこで、このガスは、後述する副生炭の補助燃料として、予熱器5の燃料に使用される。
分離工程は、抽出工程で得られたスラリーを、重力沈降法により、溶剤に可溶な石炭成分が溶解した溶液と、溶剤に不溶な石炭成分(溶剤不溶成分、例えば灰分)が濃縮した固形分濃縮液(溶剤不溶成分濃縮液)とに分離する工程である。この分離工程は、図1中、重力沈降槽7で実施される。抽出工程で得られたスラリーは、重力沈降槽7内で、重力にて、溶液としての上澄み液と、固形分濃縮液とに分離される。重力沈降槽7の上部の上澄み液は、必要に応じてフィルターユニット8を経て、溶剤分離器9へ排出されるとともに、重力沈降槽7の下部に沈降した固形分濃縮液は溶剤分離器10へ排出される。
無灰炭取得工程は、分離工程で分離された溶液(上澄み液)から溶剤を蒸発分離して無灰炭(HPC)を得る工程である。この無灰炭取得工程は、図1中、溶剤分離器9で実施される。重力沈降槽7で分離された溶液は、フィルターユニット8で濾過された後、溶剤分離器9に供給され、溶剤分離器9内で上澄み液から溶剤が蒸発分離される。ここで、溶液からの溶剤の蒸発分離は、窒素などの不活性ガスの存在下で行うことが好ましい。本実施形態においては、溶剤分離器9内に導入した窒素ガス中で溶液から溶剤を蒸発分離している。
副生炭取得工程は、分離工程で分離された固形分濃縮液から溶剤を蒸発分離して副生炭を得る工程である。この副生炭取得工程は、副生炭混合物取得工程と、副生炭乾燥工程とを有している。
副生炭混合物取得工程は、分離工程で分離された固形分濃縮液から溶剤を蒸発分離することで、副生炭に溶剤が残存してなる副生炭混合物を得る工程である。この副生炭混合物取得工程は、図1中、溶剤分離器10で実施される。重力沈降槽7で分離された固形分濃縮液は溶剤分離器10に供給され、溶剤分離器10内で固形分濃縮液から溶剤が蒸発分離される。ここで、固形分濃縮液からの溶剤の蒸発分離は、窒素などの不活性ガスの存在下で行うことが好ましい。本実施形態においては、溶剤分離器10内に導入した窒素ガス中で固形分濃縮液から溶剤を蒸発分離している。
副生炭乾燥工程は、副生炭混合物から残存する溶剤を蒸発分離して副生炭を得る工程である。この副生炭乾燥工程は、図1中、ドライヤ11で実施される。溶剤分離器10で得られた副生炭混合物は、ドライヤ11に供給され、ドライヤ11内で副生炭混合物から残存する溶剤が蒸発分離される。副生炭混合物からの溶剤の蒸発分離は、窒素などの不活性ガスの存在下で行うことが好ましい。本実施形態において、ドライヤ11は、キャリアガスとしての窒素ガスを内部に流通させながら副生炭混合物を加熱・滞留・攪拌するスチームチューブドライヤである。副生炭混合物から残存する溶剤を分離することで、灰分などを含む溶剤不溶成分が濃縮された副生炭(RC、残渣炭ともいう)を得ることができる。
以上に述べたように、本実施形態に係る無灰炭の製造方法によると、スラリー調製工程で得られたスラリーの加熱用の燃料として副生炭を用いる。より具体的には、抽出工程におけるスラリーの予熱用の燃料として、予熱器5において副生炭を用いる。副生炭は、無灰炭には劣るものの、高カロリーであり、原料炭よりも高い着火性・燃え切り性能を示す。しかし、副生炭は、無灰炭や原料炭に比べて灰分濃度が高く、燃料としての市場価値が無灰炭に劣っている。そこで、無灰炭の製造プロセスで製造され、無灰炭よりも安価な副生炭を、スラリーを加熱する燃料に用いることで、燃料コストを抑えることができる。これにより、無灰炭の製造に要するランニングコストを抑えることができる。
以上、本発明の実施形態を説明したが、具体例を例示したに過ぎず、特に本発明を限定するものではなく、具体的構成などは、適宜設計変更可能である。また、発明の実施の形態に記載された、作用及び効果は、本発明から生じる最も好適な作用及び効果を列挙したに過ぎず、本発明による作用及び効果は、本発明の実施の形態に記載されたものに限定されるものではない。
2 溶剤タンク
3 スラリー調製槽
3a 攪拌機
4 移送ポンプ
5 予熱器
6 抽出槽
6a 攪拌機
7 重力沈降槽
8 フィルターユニット
9,10 溶剤分離器
11 ドライヤ
12 加湿器
100 無灰炭製造設備
Claims (5)
- 石炭と溶剤とを混合してスラリーを得るスラリー調製工程と、
前記スラリーを加熱して溶剤に可溶な石炭成分を抽出する抽出工程と、
前記抽出工程で得られたスラリーを、溶剤に可溶な石炭成分が溶解した溶液と、溶剤に不溶な石炭成分が濃縮した固形分濃縮液とに分離する分離工程と、
前記分離工程で分離された溶液から溶剤を蒸発分離して無灰炭を得る無灰炭取得工程と、
前記分離工程で分離された固形分濃縮液から溶剤を蒸発分離して副生炭を得る副生炭取得工程と、
を備え、
前記スラリー調製工程で得られた前記スラリーの加熱用の燃料として前記副生炭を用いることを特徴とする無灰炭の製造方法。 - 前記抽出工程における前記スラリーの予熱用の燃料として、前記副生炭を用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
- 前記抽出工程において溶剤に可溶な石炭成分を抽出する際に発生するガスを、前記副生炭とともに前記燃料として用いることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
- 前記燃料として用いる副生炭は、水分調整されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
- 前記副生炭の含水率を0.1~15重量%に水分調整することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
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| US14/770,685 US9714394B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-03-17 | Method for producing ashless coal |
| CN201480017463.7A CN105073959B (zh) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-03-17 | 无灰煤的制造方法 |
| AU2014246307A AU2014246307B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-03-17 | Method for producing ashless coal |
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| JP6203698B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-09-27 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
| JP2017008247A (ja) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-12 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 副生炭発塵抑制方法、及び低発塵性副生炭製造方法 |
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| JP4061351B1 (ja) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-03-19 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
| JP2009126951A (ja) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-06-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
| JP2009215401A (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
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| CN101235328B (zh) * | 2008-01-01 | 2011-03-09 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种煤全组分族分离的温和化工艺 |
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| JP5334433B2 (ja) | 2008-03-19 | 2013-11-06 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
| JP4603620B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 多孔質炭を原料とする成型固形燃料の製造方法 |
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| JP2009126951A (ja) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-06-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
| JP2009215401A (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 無灰炭の製造方法 |
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| AU2014246307A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
| CN105073959A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
| AU2014246307B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
| CA2901998A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
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