WO2014156486A1 - 軽油の水素化脱硫触媒、及び軽油の水素化処理方法 - Google Patents
軽油の水素化脱硫触媒、及び軽油の水素化処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156486A1 WO2014156486A1 PCT/JP2014/055266 JP2014055266W WO2014156486A1 WO 2014156486 A1 WO2014156486 A1 WO 2014156486A1 JP 2014055266 W JP2014055266 W JP 2014055266W WO 2014156486 A1 WO2014156486 A1 WO 2014156486A1
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- catalyst
- mass
- zeolite
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 220
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 63
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title abstract description 63
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 71
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 49
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 24
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+);2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical class [Co+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 4
- UPPLJLAHMKABPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Ni+2].[Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O UPPLJLAHMKABPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTZURURAKNSDHT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;nickel(3+) Chemical class [Ni+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QTZURURAKNSDHT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-ZAFYKAAXSA-N D-threo-isocitric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-ZAFYKAAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-FONMRSAGSA-N Isocitric acid Natural products OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-FONMRSAGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- YDHWWBZFRZWVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O YDHWWBZFRZWVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEXXNGVQCLMTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O IEXXNGVQCLMTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- FDTVUHQHHXTXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);hydron;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Co+2].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O FDTVUHQHHXTXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N threo-D-isocitric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/16—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/166—Y-type faujasite
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/34—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/12—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/20—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements in the catalyst composition comprising the molecular sieve, but not specially in or on the molecular sieve itself
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/645—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes of C=C or C-C triple bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrodesulfurization catalyst for light oil and a hydroprocessing method for light oil using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hydrodesulfurization catalyst having an excellent activity capable of reducing the sulfur content and nitrogen content in light oil as compared with the conventional use of this type of catalyst.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a hydroprocessing catalyst in which an active metal, phosphorus, and an organic acid are supported on an inorganic oxide support containing alumina or zeolite, boria, silica, zirconia, or the like. Yes.
- the present invention uses a hydrodesulfurization catalyst that can be produced by simple means and that can ultra-desulfurize sulfur in gas oil without requiring severe operating conditions, and the hydrodesulfurization catalyst.
- An object is to provide a method for hydrotreating light oil.
- a composite oxide support containing 80 to 99.5% by mass of alumina and 0.5 to 20% by mass of HY zeolite is added to the sixth periodic table in the long-period periodic table.
- One or more metals selected from the group consisting of group elements, one or more metals selected from the group consisting of group 9 elements and group 10 elements in the long-period periodic table, phosphorus, and organic acids are supported.
- a catalyst comprising one or more metals selected from the group consisting of the group 6 elements, the group consisting of the group 9 elements and the group 10 elements, based on the catalyst, 10 to 40% by mass in terms of oxides 1 to 15% by mass of one or more metals selected from: catalyst basis, oxide conversion, phosphorus: 1.5 to 8% by mass of catalyst basis, oxide conversion, and organic acid-derived carbon , Catalyst standard, 0.8 to 7% by mass in terms of element, and long period
- the organic acid is contained in an amount of 0.2 to 1.2 moles per mole of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Group 9 elements and Group 10 elements in the periodic table, and the specific surface area measured by the nitrogen adsorption method is 110 to 300 m 2 / g, pore volume measured by mercury intrusion method is 0.3 to 0.6 ml / g, average pore diameter in pore distribution measured by mercury intrusion method is 6.5 to 14 nm
- the HY zeolite has (a) SiO 2 /
- a hydrodesulfurization catalyst for light oil having a molar ratio to total Al of 0.2 to 0.9 and (d) a crystallite size of 30 to 100 nm.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a light oil hydrotreating method in which a catalytic reaction of a light oil fraction is performed in the presence of the hydrodesulfurization catalyst according to the first aspect.
- the hydrodesulfurization catalyst for gas oil according to the present invention has high desulfurization activity, the content of sulfur in the gas oil fraction can be significantly reduced.
- the hydrodesulfurization catalyst for light oil according to the present invention can make the reaction conditions substantially the same or milder than the reaction conditions in the conventional hydrotreatment, It can be diverted to a conventionally used hydrodesulfurization catalyst.
- the gas oil hydrotreating method using the gas oil hydrodesulfurization catalyst according to the present invention can easily supply a gas oil base material having a low sulfur content.
- Gas oil hydrodesulfurization catalyst according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "catalyst according to the present invention”).
- a composite oxide support containing alumina and HY zeolite having specific physical properties and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Group 6 elements in the long-period periodic table (hereinafter referred to as “Group 6”).
- Metal a metal selected from the group consisting of Group 9 elements and Group 10 elements in the long-period periodic table
- Group 9/10 metal A catalyst supporting phosphorus and an organic acid, which is a hydrodesulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oils having specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter within specific ranges.
- the HY zeolite used in the catalyst according to the present invention has the following physical properties (a) to (d).
- SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) can be measured by chemical composition analysis by ICP analysis.
- the bulk SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) by chemical composition analysis of HY zeolite used in the catalyst according to the present invention is 3 to 10, preferably 5 to 8.
- the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) is 3 or more, a sufficient amount of active sites can be provided, and the isomerization of the difficult-to-desorb substance alkyl group and the hydrogenation of the benzene ring are sufficiently performed. Is called.
- the HY zeolite used in the present invention has basically the same crystal structure as natural faujasite and has the following composition as an oxide.
- the crystal lattice constant (unit cell dimension) of HY zeolite can be measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffractometer
- the crystal lattice constant of HY zeolite indicates the size of the unit unit constituting the zeolite.
- the crystal lattice constant of the HY zeolite used in the present invention is 2.435 to 2.465 nm, and preferably 2.440 to 2.460 nm.
- the crystal lattice constant is 2.435 nm or more
- the Al number (number of aluminum atoms) necessary to promote isomerization of the alkyl group of the difficult-to-desorb substance and hydrogenation of the benzene ring is appropriate, and it is 2.465 nm or less. If so, the decomposition of the raw material oil on the acid point is suppressed, and the carbon deposition that is the main factor of the decrease in activity can be suppressed.
- (C) Molar ratio of Al in zeolite framework to total Al The number of moles of aluminum atoms in zeolite framework relative to all aluminum atoms in zeolite is calculated from SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) and crystal lattice constant by chemical composition analysis. It can be calculated using the following formulas (A) to (D).
- the formula (A) adopts the formula described in HKBeyeretal., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, (81), 2899 (1985).
- N A1 (ao ⁇ 2.425) /0.000868
- ao crystal lattice constant / nm
- N Al Number of Al atoms per unit cell
- 2.425 Crystal lattice constant when all Al atoms in the unit cell skeleton are desorbed outside the skeleton
- 0.000868 A calculated value obtained by experiment
- a slope when ao and N Al are arranged by a linear equation (ao 0.000868N Al +2.425).
- Formula (C): [(Si / Al) chemical composition analysis value] [(SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ) molar ratio] / 2
- Formula (D): [Zeolite framework Al] / [total Al] [(Si / Al) chemical composition analysis value] / [(Si / Al) calculation formula]
- the molar ratio of aluminum atoms in the zeolite framework to the total aluminum atoms of the HY zeolite used in the present invention ([Al in zeolite framework] / [total Al]) is 0.2 to 0.9, preferably 0.4. ⁇ 0.7.
- the crystallite size of the HY zeolite used is measured by an X-ray diffractometer and defined as (1) to (4) below.
- a diffraction peak of zeolite is calculated from an X-ray diffractometer.
- the half width of each plane is calculated.
- the half widths of the (533) plane, (642) plane, and (555) plane are substituted into Scherrer's equation (E) to determine the size of each plane.
- the average value of the three surfaces obtained in (3) is defined as the zeolite crystal diameter.
- D K ⁇ / ⁇ cos ⁇
- D the crystallite diameter of the zeolite ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ )
- K Scherrer constant
- ⁇ X-ray wavelength (nm)
- rad full width at half maximum
- ⁇ diffraction angle (°).
- the crystallite diameter of the HY zeolite used in the present invention obtained from the formula (E) is 30 to 100 nm, preferably 45 to 95 nm.
- the catalyst according to the present invention an inorganic oxide containing alumina as a main component and containing the HY zeolite is used as a carrier.
- the catalyst according to the present invention includes, as essential components, a composite oxide support containing 80 to 99.5% by mass of alumina and 0.5 to 20% by mass of the HY zeolite based on the support. And a catalyst carrying a Group 6 metal, a Group 9/10 metal, phosphorus, and an organic acid.
- the compounding amount of the HY zeolite in the composite oxide carrier is preferably 2 to 10% by mass, more preferably 4 to 8% by mass, based on the carrier. If the blending amount of HY zeolite is too small or too large, it is difficult to mold the catalyst. Moreover, when there are too few, there exists a possibility that provision of the Bronsted acid point and Lewis acid point which are the acid points on a catalyst may become inadequate, and when too large, there exists a possibility that high dispersion
- aluminas such as ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, and ⁇ -alumina can be used as the alumina used in the catalyst carrier according to the present invention.
- the alumina is porous and has a high specific surface area. Among them, ⁇ -alumina is suitable.
- the purity of alumina is about 98% by mass or more, preferably about 99% by mass or more.
- Examples of impurities in alumina include SO 4 2 ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, and the like, but these impurities are preferably as small as possible.
- the total amount of impurities is preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less.
- SO 4 2 ⁇ ⁇ 1.5% by mass, Cl ⁇ , Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 O ⁇ 0.1% by mass is preferred.
- the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of the alumina support (composite oxide support) containing the HY zeolite are not particularly limited, but in order to obtain a catalyst having high hydrodesulfurization activity for light oil, Surface area of about 230 to 500 m 2 / g, preferably about 300 to 450 m 2 / g, pore volume of about 0.5 to 1.0 ml / g, preferably about 0.6 to 1.0 ml / g, average fine A pore diameter of about 6 to 12 nm, preferably about 6.5 to 11 nm is suitable. The reason is as follows.
- the Group 6 metal and the Group 9/10 metal are complexes (the Group 6 metal is coordinated with phosphoric acid to form a heteropolyacid, and the Group 9/10 metal is coordinated with an organic acid to form an organic metal. Complex).
- the specific surface area of the support is too small, it is difficult to highly disperse the metal due to the bulk of the complex during impregnation. Presumably, precise control of formation (CoMoS phase, NiMoS phase, etc.) becomes difficult.
- the specific surface area is about 230 m 2 / g or more, the dispersibility of the active metal is improved and a catalyst having a high desulfurization activity is obtained.
- the pore diameter does not become extremely small.
- the diffusion of sulfur compounds into the catalyst pores becomes insufficient, and the desulfurization activity is lowered.
- the solubility of the active metal compound when too little solvent enters the pore volume, the solubility of the active metal compound is deteriorated, the dispersibility of the metal is lowered, and there is a possibility that the catalyst becomes a low activity catalyst.
- the pore volume is about 0.5 ml / g or more, when a catalyst is prepared by a normal impregnation method, a sufficient amount of solvent can enter the pore volume.
- there is a method of adding a large amount of acid such as nitric acid in order to increase the solubility of the active metal compound.
- the pore volume of the composite oxide support is about 1.0 ml / g or less, a catalyst having a sufficient specific surface area, good dispersibility of active metal and high desulfurization activity can be obtained.
- the pore diameter of the catalyst when the pore diameter of the catalyst is small, the diffusion of the sulfur compound into the catalyst pore becomes insufficient, and the desulfurization activity may be reduced.
- the composite oxide support has a pore diameter of about 6 nm or more, a catalyst having a sufficiently large pore diameter can be obtained by supporting the active metal.
- the specific surface area of the catalyst is small, the dispersibility of the active metal is deteriorated and the desulfurization activity may be reduced.
- the pore diameter of the composite oxide support is about 12 nm or less, a catalyst having a sufficient specific surface area can be obtained.
- the composite oxide support may contain inorganic oxides such as boria, silica, silica-alumina, titania, and zirconia as long as the above-mentioned support physical properties and final catalyst physical properties are satisfied. Good.
- the composite oxide support of the catalyst according to the present invention is prepared by calcination at 580 to 700 ° C. for 1.5 to 3 hours.
- the catalyst according to the present invention is prepared by simply drying at 200 ° C. or lower after the active component is supported on the composite oxide support. The closest packed bulk density and the like are obtained by firing the composite oxide support. For this reason, sufficient mechanical strength cannot be obtained by baking at less than 580 ° C. for less than 1.5 hours. Even if baking is performed at a high temperature exceeding 700 ° C. for more than 3 hours, Not only is the effect saturated, but the characteristics such as the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of the composite oxide support may be deteriorated due to baking.
- the composite oxide support may support only one type of Group 6 metal, or may support two or more types in combination.
- the Group 6 metal supported on the composite oxide carrier molybdenum and tungsten are preferable, and molybdenum is particularly preferable.
- the content of the Group 6 metal in the catalyst according to the present invention is 10 to 40% by mass, preferably about 16 to 35% by mass in terms of oxide based on the catalyst. If the content of the Group 6 metal is 10% by mass or more in terms of the catalyst, in terms of oxide, it is sufficient and preferable for exhibiting the effects attributable to the Group 6 metal. In addition, when the content of the Group 6 metal is 40% by mass or less in terms of the catalyst in terms of oxide, the Group 6 metal compound does not aggregate in the impregnation (support) step of the Group 6 metal, and the Group 6 metal does not occur. The dispersibility of the metal is improved, the limit of the content of the Group 6 metal to be efficiently dispersed is not exceeded, the catalyst surface area is not significantly reduced, and the catalytic activity is improved, which is preferable.
- the composite oxide support may support only one type of Group 9/10 metal, or may support a combination of two or more types.
- the Group 9/10 metal supported on the composite oxide support is preferably cobalt or nickel.
- the content of the Group 9/10 metal in the catalyst according to the present invention is 1 to 15% by mass, preferably about 3 to 8% by mass, in terms of oxide, based on the catalyst. If the content of the Group 9/10 metal is 1% by mass or more in terms of catalyst and in terms of oxide, it is preferable because active points belonging to the Group 9/10 metal can be sufficiently obtained. In addition, when the content of the Group 9/10 metal is 15% by mass or less in terms of the catalyst, in terms of oxide, the Group 9/10 metal metal compound is aggregated in the impregnation (support) step of the Group 9/10 metal.
- CoO which is a precursor such as Co 9 S 8 species and Ni 3 S 2 species which are inert metal species of the Group 9/10 metal Since it is considered that the generation of seeds, NiO seeds, etc., and the generation of Co spinel seeds, Ni spinel seeds, etc. incorporated in the lattice of the carrier do not occur, the catalytic ability is improved, which is preferable.
- the Co / (Ni + Co) ratio is in the range of 0.6 to 1, more preferably in the range of 0.7 to 1. It is desirable to use it. A ratio of 0.6 or more is preferable because a coke precursor is not formed on Ni, and coke is not coated on the catalytic activity point, and as a result, the activity does not decrease.
- the optimum mass ratio of the Group 9/10 metal to the Group 6 element metal is preferably [9/10 Group metal] / ([Group 9/10 metal] + [Group 6 metal]) and is 0.1 to 0.25.
- a value of 0.1 or more is preferable because the generation of CoMoS phase, NiMoS phase, and the like, which are considered to be desulfurization active points, is not suppressed and the degree of desulfurization activity improvement is increased.
- the value is 0.25 or less, the generation of the aforementioned inactive cobalt, nickel species (Co 9 S 8 species, Ni 3 S 2 species, etc.) is suppressed, and the catalytic activity is improved, which is preferable.
- the phosphorus content of the catalyst according to the present invention is 1.5 to 8% by mass, preferably 2 to 6% by mass, and more preferably 3 to 6% by mass in terms of catalyst and oxide.
- the phosphorus content is 1.5% by mass or more, the Group 6 metal forms a heteropolyacid on the catalyst surface, and phosphorus that does not form the heteropolyacid is dispersed on the alumina surface.
- a multilayer MoS 2 crystal is formed, which is preferable because it is presumed that the aforementioned desulfurization active sites can be sufficiently arranged.
- the Group 6 metal in order to form a group 6 metal disulfide layer such as molybdenum disulfide on the catalyst after the preliminary sulfidation so that the average number of layers is 2.5 to 5, 1.5 mass is required. % Or more is necessary.
- the Group 6 metal sufficiently forms a heteropolyacid on the catalyst surface, and phosphorus that does not form the heteropolyacid is dispersed on the alumina surface, and the desulfurization active site having high quality in the preliminary sulfidation step. It is preferable because it does not cause a decrease in activity.
- the optimum mass ratio of the active metal molybdenum and phosphorus in the content of the phosphorus component is a value of [P 2 O 5 ] / [MoO 3 ], preferably 0.07 to 0.3, more preferably 0.09 to 0.25.
- the mass ratio of molybdenum and phosphorus is 0.07 or more, cobalt and molybdenum can be naturally integrated, and after sulfidation, molybdenum disulfide can be laminated.
- a CoMoS phase and NiMoS phase, particularly a CoMoS phase and a NiMoS phase type II exhibiting high desulfurization activity among the desulfurization active sites are easily obtained, and are preferable because they are highly active catalysts.
- the mass ratio of molybdenum and phosphorus is 0.3 or less, the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst do not decrease, the activity of the catalyst does not decrease, the acid amount does not increase, and carbon deposition does not occur. It is preferable because it is difficult to cause activity deterioration.
- the content of carbon derived from the organic acid in the catalyst according to the present invention is 0.8 to 7% by mass, preferably 1 to 6% by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 6% by mass in terms of catalyst and in terms of elements. is there.
- This carbon is derived from an organic acid, preferably citric acid.
- the Group 9/10 metal sufficiently forms a complex compound with the organic acid on the catalyst surface, and in this case, it is complexed in the preliminary sulfidation step. Since the non-group 6 element metal is sulfided prior to the sulfidation of the group 9/10 metal, desulfurization active points (CoMoS phase, NiMoS phase, etc.) are sufficiently formed. Inactive metal species such as Co 9 S 8 species, Ni 3 S 2 , Co spinel species incorporated in the support lattice, Ni spinel species, etc. are presumed to be not formed.
- the Group 9/10 metal can sufficiently form a complex compound with the organic acid on the catalyst surface. It is preferable that the Group 6 metal does not form a complex compound with the organic acid, and excess organic acid-derived carbon does not remain on the catalyst surface.
- the Group 6 metal is complexed with an organic acid, during activation (sulfurization), the Group 6 metal sulfidation occurs simultaneously with the sulfidation of the Group 9/10 metal, and the desulfurization active point (CoMoS phase, NiMoS phase).
- the catalyst according to the present invention prepared as described above has the above-described composition in order to increase the hydrogenation activity and desulfurization activity for light oil, and the specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter are as follows. Need to be controlled to the value of By controlling physical properties such as specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter within specified ranges, ultra-deep desulfurization reaction can be easily performed without harsh reaction conditions even under relatively mild desulfurization conditions It is possible to obtain a high-performance desulfurization catalyst that can be achieved.
- the specific surface area of the catalyst according to the present invention [the BET specific surface area measured by a nitrogen adsorption method (BET) is 110 to 300 m 2 / g, preferably 120 to 200 m 2 / g] Preferably, it is 130 to 180 m 2 / g.
- BET nitrogen adsorption method
- the specific surface area is 110 m 2 / g or more, the Group 6 metal (heteropolyacid coordinated with phosphoric acid) and the Group 9/10 metal (organic acid and the organic acid) considered to form a complex on the catalyst surface.
- the pore volume of the catalyst according to the present invention measured by the mercury intrusion method is 0.3 to 0.6 ml / g, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 ml / g.
- a pore volume of 0.3 ml / g or more is preferable because, during the hydrogenation treatment, the sulfur compound is sufficiently diffused in the catalyst pores and the desulfurization activity is sufficient.
- a pore volume of 0.6 ml / g or less is preferable because the specific surface area of the catalyst does not become extremely small, and the dispersibility of the active metal does not decrease and becomes a highly desulfurization activity catalyst.
- the average pore diameter in the pore distribution measured by the mercury intrusion method of the catalyst according to the present invention is 6.5 to 14 nm, preferably 9 to 13 nm, more preferably 9.6 to 13 nm.
- An average pore diameter of 6.5 nm or more is preferable because the reactive substance easily diffuses into the pores, so that the desulfurization reaction proceeds efficiently.
- the average pore diameter is 14 nm or less, the diffusibility in the pores is good and the surface area in the pores is not reduced, so that the effective specific surface area of the catalyst is not reduced and the activity is increased, which is preferable.
- the pore size distribution of the catalyst that is, the proportion of pores having an average pore diameter of ⁇ 1.5 nm is the total pore volume. 30 to 75%, preferably 35 to 70%, more preferably 40 to 60%.
- a ratio of pores having an average pore diameter of ⁇ 1.5 nm is preferably 75% or less because the compound to be desulfurized is not limited to a specific sulfur compound and can be uniformly desulfurized.
- the ratio is 30% or more, pores that do not contribute to light oil desulfurization do not increase, and as a result, desulfurization activity does not decrease significantly, which is preferable.
- the catalyst according to the present invention has an average value of the number of layers of the group 6 metal disulfide layers such as molybdenum disulfide when it is observed with a transmission electron microscope after the sulfidation treatment is 2.5-5.
- the layer of molybdenum disulfide or the like is formed on the composite oxide support to increase the contact area of the catalyst, and active points such as a CoMoS phase and a NiMoS phase are formed in the layer.
- a catalyst having an average number of laminated layers of 2.5 or more is preferable because the ratio of type I such as a low activity CoMoS phase or NiMoS phase does not increase and high activity is exhibited.
- a catalyst having an average value of 5 or less is preferable because type II such as highly active CoMoS phase and NiMoS phase is formed, the absolute number of active sites is not reduced, and high activity is expressed.
- the length in the surface direction of the group 6 metal disulfide layer such as molybdenum disulfide is 1 to 3.5 nm, preferably 2 to 3.5 nm. Is suitable.
- the average length in the surface direction of the Group 6 metal disulfide layer is 1 nm or more, a molecule such as molybdenum disulfide does not exist as a single molecule.
- Group 10 metals are preferable because they can form a square pyramid-type five-coordinate sulfur structure and can become a CoMoS phase, a NiMoS phase, or the like which is an active site.
- the crystal of molybdenum disulfide does not increase, so the absolute number of edge portions does not decrease, and the active point This is preferable because a sufficient number of CoMoS phases, NiMoS phases, and the like can be secured.
- a transmission electron micrograph used for analysis is one in which 200 or more crystals of Group 6 metal disulfide such as molybdenum disulfide can be visually observed per field of view.
- the catalyst shape of the catalyst according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and various shapes usually used for this type of catalyst, for example, a cylindrical shape, a trilobe type, a four-leaf type, etc. can be adopted.
- the size of the catalyst according to the present invention is preferably about 1 to 2 mm in diameter and about 2 to 5 mm in length.
- the mechanical strength of the catalyst according to the present invention is preferably about 2 lbs / mm or more in terms of side fracture strength (SCS). If the SCS is smaller than this, the catalyst charged in the reactor may be crushed and a differential pressure may be generated in the reactor, making it impossible to continue the hydrotreating operation.
- the close-packed bulk density (CBD) of the catalyst according to the present invention is preferably 0.6 to 1.2 g / ml.
- the distribution state of the active metal in the catalyst according to the present invention is preferably a uniform type in which the active metal is uniformly distributed in the catalyst.
- a composite oxide carrier comprising the above-described components and having the above-described physical properties, a compound containing at least one group 6 metal, a compound containing at least one group 9/10 metal, an organic acid, and phosphorus
- a solution containing an acid solution for impregnation
- supporting a Group 6 metal, a Group 9/10 metal, phosphorus, and carbon derived from an organic acid so as to have the above-described content, and drying.
- Examples of the compound containing a Group 6 metal used in the impregnation solution include molybdenum trioxide, molybdophosphoric acid, ammonium molybdate, molybdic acid, and the like, preferably molybdenum trioxide and molybdophosphoric acid.
- the amount of these compounds added to the impregnation solution is an amount in which the Group 6 metal is contained within the above-described range in the obtained catalyst.
- Examples of the compound containing a Group 9/10 metal used in the impregnation solution include cobalt carbonate, nickel carbonate, cobalt citrate compound, nickel citrate compound, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate, etc.
- cobalt carbonate, nickel carbonate, cobalt citrate compound, and nickel citrate compound are particularly preferred.
- cobalt citrate compounds and nickel citrate compounds which have a lower decomposition rate than cobalt carbonate and nickel carbonate. That is, when the decomposition rate is high, apart from the Group 6 metal disulfide layer such as molybdenum disulfide, the Group 9/10 metal such as cobalt or nickel forms a unique layer, which is highly active. However, if the decomposition rate is slow, these highly active phases can be sufficiently formed at the rim-edge portion of molybdenum disulfide or the like.
- cobalt citrate As cobalt citrate, cobalt citrate (Co 3 (C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 2 ), cobalt hydrogen citrate (CoHC 6 H 5 O 7 ), cobalt citrate oxysalt (Co 3 (C 6 H) 5 O 7 ) 2 .CoO) and the like, and as nickel citrate, nickel citrate (Ni 3 (C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 2 ), nickel hydrogen citrate (NiHC 6 H 5 O 7 ) And nickel citrate (Ni 3 (C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 2 .NiO).
- this method of producing a citric acid compound of cobalt and nickel can be obtained by dissolving cobalt carbonate in an aqueous solution of citric acid.
- the amount of these compounds added to the solution for impregnation is an amount in which the Group 9/10 metal is contained in the obtained catalyst within the above-described range.
- Examples of the organic acid used in the impregnation solution include citric acid monohydrate, anhydrous citric acid, isocitric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, Examples include isophthalic acid, salicylic acid, malonic acid and the like, and citric acid monohydrate is preferable. It is important that these organic acids use compounds that are substantially free of sulfur. When citric acid is used as the organic acid, citric acid alone or a citric acid compound with a Group 9/10 metal such as cobalt or nickel may be used.
- the amount of organic acid added is such that carbon remains in the resulting catalyst at the carbon content described above, and the amount of organic acid added to the Group 9/10 metal in molar ratio.
- [Organic acid] / [Group 9/10 metal] 0.2 to 1.2, preferably 0.4 to 1, more preferably 0.6 to 1.
- a molar ratio of 0.2 or more is preferable because active points belonging to the Group 9/10 metal can be sufficiently obtained.
- the impregnating liquid does not become highly viscous, so the loading process does not take time, and the active metal is impregnated to the inside of the support pellet. Good and preferable.
- the addition amount of the organic acid with respect to the total amount of the Group 6 metal and the Group 9/10 metal is [organic acid] / ([Group 6 metal] + [Group 9/10 metal] in a molar ratio. ) Is 0.04 to 0.22, preferably 0.05 to 0.20, more preferably 0.05 to 0.18.
- the molar ratio is 0.35 or less, an excessive organic acid that cannot be complexed with a metal does not remain on the catalyst surface, which is preferable. If the organic acid remains on the catalyst surface, it may flow out with the raw material oil in the sulfiding process, which is not preferable.
- Examples of the phosphoric acid used in the impregnation solution include various phosphoric acids, specifically, orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, tetraphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, etc., especially orthophosphoric acid. Is preferred.
- As phosphoric acid molybdophosphoric acid which is a compound with a Group 6 metal can also be used. In this case, phosphoric acid is further added when phosphorus is not contained in the obtained catalyst in the above content.
- an acid nitric acid, organic acid (citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid) is added together with these compounds. Etc.)] may be used.
- the acid is preferably an organic acid. In the case of using an organic acid, carbon due to the organic acid may remain in the obtained catalyst, and therefore it is important that the carbon content in the catalyst is within the above range.
- the solvent used for dissolving each of the components is water.
- the impregnating solution is prepared by dissolving each of the above components in water.
- the temperature at this time may be more than 0 ° C. and not more than 100 ° C. Can be dissolved.
- the pH of the impregnation solution is preferably less than 5. If the pH is less than 5, the hydroxide ion does not increase, the coordination ability between the organic acid and the Group 9/10 metal increases, and the complex formation of the Group 9/10 metal is promoted. As a result, desulfurization activity This is preferable because the number of points (CoMoS phase, NiMoS phase, etc.) can be greatly increased.
- the impregnating solution thus prepared is impregnated with the inorganic oxide carrier, and the components in the impregnating solution are supported on the inorganic oxide carrier.
- the impregnation temperature is preferably more than 0 ° C. and less than 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 50 ° C., further preferably 15 to 30 ° C., and the impregnation time. Is preferably 15 minutes to 3 hours, more preferably 20 minutes to 2 hours, and even more preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour. If the temperature is too high, drying occurs during impregnation, and the dispersity may be biased. Moreover, it is preferable to stir during the impregnation.
- water is removed to some extent [from about 50% or less LOI (Loss on ignition)] at normal temperature to about 80 ° C. in a nitrogen stream, air stream, or vacuum. Thereafter, drying is performed at 200 ° C. or less, preferably at 80 to 200 ° C. for 10 minutes to 24 hours, more preferably at 100 to 150 ° C. for 5 to 20 hours in an air stream, a nitrogen stream or in a vacuum.
- LOI Liss on ignition
- the organic acid that appears to be complexed with the metal does not leave the catalyst surface.
- the active sites CoMoS phase
- group 6 metal such as molybdenum disulfide
- the average number of sulfide layers is considered to be 2.5 to 5, which is preferable because it provides a catalyst with high desulfurization activity.
- the pressure range during drying is 300 to 900 mmHg, preferably 700 to 850 mmHg, more preferably 730 to 800 mmHg, and still more preferably atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure during drying is 300 mmHg or more, the boiling point in terms of 760 mmHg does not become higher than 200 ° C., and the organic acid complexed with the metal does not easily leave. The organic acid that appears to be complexed with the metal does not desorb from the catalyst surface.
- the catalyst which concerns on this invention can be used for the hydrogenation process of light oil like other desulfurization catalysts.
- the catalyst according to the present invention has a very high desulfurization activity, and not only when the reaction conditions are almost the same as those in the conventional hydrotreatment, but also when the conditions are milder, The content rate of sulfur content can be significantly reduced.
- desulfurization is performed by bringing the catalyst according to the present invention and a light oil fraction containing a sulfur compound into contact with each other under conditions of a hydrogen partial pressure of 3 to 8 MPa, 300 to 420 ° C., and a liquid space velocity of 0.3 to 5 h ⁇ 1.
- a hydrogen partial pressure of 3 to 8 MPa 300 to 420 ° C.
- a liquid space velocity of 0.3 to 5 h ⁇ 1 the sulfur compound containing the hard-to-desulfurize sulfur compound in light oil can be reduced.
- Examples of the processing target oil (raw oil) to be hydrotreated with the catalyst according to the present invention include straight-run gas oil, catalytic cracking gas oil, pyrolysis gas oil, hydrogenation gas oil, desulfurization gas oil, vacuum distillation gas oil (VGO), and the like. Gas oil fraction.
- Typical examples of properties of these feedstocks include those having a boiling point range of 150 to 450 ° C. and a sulfur content of 5% by mass or less.
- a fixed bed, moving bed, or fluidized bed type catalyst layer of the catalyst according to the present invention is formed in the reactor, and this reactor is used.
- the feed oil may be introduced into the interior and the hydrogenation reaction may be performed under the above conditions.
- a fixed bed catalyst layer is formed in the reactor, feedstock is introduced into the top of the reactor, passed through the fixed bed from top to bottom, and product flows out from the bottom of the reactor.
- the raw material oil is introduced into the lower part of the reactor, passed through the fixed bed from the bottom up, and the product flows out from the upper part of the reactor.
- the hydrotreating method may be a one-stage hydrotreating method performed by filling the catalyst according to the present invention into a single reactor, or a multistage continuous hydrotreating performed by filling several reactors. It may be a method.
- the catalyst according to the present invention is activated by sulfiding in a reaction apparatus before use (that is, prior to performing the hydrotreating method).
- This sulfidation treatment is carried out at 200 to 400 ° C., preferably 250 to 350 ° C. under a hydrogen atmosphere at atmospheric pressure or higher, and petroleum distillate containing sulfur compounds, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide, etc. It is carried out using a material added with a sulfurizing agent or hydrogen sulfide.
- the catalyst according to the present invention is disulfide of a Group 6 metal such as molybdenum disulfide having an average number of layers of 2.5 to 5 and an average surface direction length of 1 to 3.5 nm.
- An active layer such as a highly active CoMoS phase or NiMoS phase is formed on the rim-edge portion of molybdenum disulfide or the like.
- the specific surface area was measured by the BET method using nitrogen adsorption.
- the nitrogen adsorption device used was a surface area measuring device (Bell Soap 28) manufactured by Bell Japan.
- the pore volume is the total volume of mercury per gram of catalyst that has entered the pores.
- the average pore diameter is the average value of D calculated as a function of P.
- the pore distribution is a distribution of D calculated as a function of P.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the sulfurized catalyst was pulverized in an agate mortar.
- a small amount of the pulverized catalyst was dispersed in acetone.
- the obtained suspension was dropped on a microgrid and dried at room temperature to obtain a sample.
- the sample was set in a measurement part of a TEM and measured at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. The direct magnification was 200,000 times and 5 fields of view were measured.
- a TEM photograph is enlarged to 2 million times (size: 16.8 cm x 16.8 cm), and 200 or more crystals of group 6 metal disulfide such as molybdenum disulfide can be observed per field of view.
- group 6 metal disulfide such as molybdenum disulfide
- Na—Y type zeolite 1 was put in a 5 mass% ammonium nitrate aqueous solution and stirred for 20 minutes under a constant condition at 60 ° C., followed by filtration and ion exchange treatment. After repeating the ion exchange treatment twice, NH 3 type Y zeolite 1 was obtained by drying at 120 ° C. for 12 hours. Further, the obtained NH 3 type Y zeolite 1 was calcined at 600 ° C. for 4 hours under air flow to obtain H type Y zeolite 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “zeolite 1”). Moreover, the amount of the aforementioned seed Al 2 O 3 with respect to the total Al 2 O 3 in the reaction mixture was 0.098 mol%.
- Zeolite 2 to zeolite 5 were also prepared according to the method of zeolite 1 described above.
- SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) of zeolite 1 to zeolite 5 crystal lattice constant, molar ratio of Al in zeolite framework to total Al ([Al in zeolite framework] / [total Al]), and crystallite diameter Is shown in Table 1.
- SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ( molar ratio) was measured from the chemical composition analysis by ICP analysis.
- the crystal lattice constant was measured using an X-ray analyzer (XRD) according to ASTM D3906.
- the molar ratio of Al in the zeolitic framework to all Al atoms was calculated from the chemical composition analysis value and the measurement value by XRD. Details were as described above.
- 17.09 g of cobaltous citrate and 3.72 g of phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) were added to 43.4 g of ion-exchanged water, heated to 80 ° C.
- an impregnation solution (impregnation solution).
- an eggplant-shaped flask 50 g of the zeolite-alumina composite carrier was added, and the entire amount of the impregnation solution was added thereto with a pipette and immersed at about 25 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, it air-dried in nitrogen stream, and it was made to dry at 120 degreeC in a muffle furnace for about 16 hours, and the catalyst A was obtained.
- Catalyst A had a specific surface area of 147 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.44 ml / g, and an average pore size of 12.0 nm.
- Example 5 Ion-exchanged water (43.2 g) was charged with 7.56 g of cobalt carbonate, 21.4 g of molybdenum trioxide, 12.02 g of citric acid monohydrate and 5.16 g of phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) and heated to 80 ° C. Then, a solution for impregnation was prepared by stirring for 30 minutes. In an eggplant-shaped flask, 50 g of the zeolite-alumina composite carrier prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 was added, and the entire amount of the impregnation solution was added thereto with a pipette and immersed at about 25 ° C. for 3 hours.
- Catalyst E had a specific surface area of 149 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.43 ml / g, and an average pore size of 11.8 nm.
- Example 6 Ion-exchanged water (43.2 g) was charged with cobalt carbonate (7.56 g), molybdenum trioxide (21.4 g), citric acid monohydrate (4.41 g) and phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) (5.16 g) and heated to 80 ° C. Then, the solution for impregnation was prepared by stirring for 30 minutes. In an eggplant-shaped flask, 50 g of the zeolite-alumina composite carrier prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 was added, and the entire amount of the above impregnation solution was added thereto with a pipette and immersed at about 25 ° C. for 3 hours.
- Catalyst F had a specific surface area of 146 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.43 ml / g, and an average pore size of 12.8 nm.
- Catalyst b had a specific surface area of 154 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.42 ml / g, and an average pore size of 12.9 nm.
- Catalyst c had a specific surface area of 160 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.44 ml / g, and an average pore size of 11.7 nm.
- Catalyst d had a specific surface area of 159 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.43 ml / g, and an average pore size of 11.6 nm.
- the elemental analysis values of the catalysts A to F and the catalysts a to d are shown in Table 2, and the catalyst properties are shown in Table 3.
- CoO, MoO 3 and P 2 O 5 are catalyst standards and oxide equivalent values
- C is catalyst standards and element equivalent values.
- SA is specific surface area (m 2 / g)
- PV is pore volume (ml / g)
- MPD is average pore diameter (nm)
- PSD Means the pore distribution (MP% ⁇ 1.5 nm, which percentage of the total pore volume is included) (%).
- Catalyst pretreatment conditions pressure (hydrogen partial pressure); 5.0 MPa, atmosphere; hydrogen and raw material oil (liquid space velocity: 1.5 h ⁇ 1 , hydrogen / oil ratio: 200 m 3 (normal) / m 3 ), temperature Hydrogen and raw material oil were introduced at room temperature of about 22 ° C., the temperature was raised at 20 ° C./h, maintained at 300 ° C. for 24 hours, and then raised to 350 ° C., the reaction temperature, at 20 ° C./h.
- Hydrogenation reaction conditions reaction temperature; 350 ° C., pressure (hydrogen partial pressure); 5.0 MPa, liquid space velocity; 1.5 h ⁇ 1 , hydrogen / oil ratio; 200 m 3 (normal) / m 3 .
- Oil type Oil type; Middle East straight-run gas oil, specific gravity (15/4 ° C); 0.8603, distillation properties; initial boiling point 227.5 ° C, 50% point 308.5 ° C, 90% point Is 360.5 ° C., end point is 385.0 ° C., sulfur component; 1.57% by mass, nitrogen component; 160 mass ppm, kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C .; 6.441 cSt, pour point; 0 ° C., cloudy point; 0 ° C, Saybolt color; -16.
- reaction results were analyzed by the following method.
- the reaction apparatus was operated at 360 ° C., and when 6 days passed, the product oil was collected and analyzed for its properties. Thereafter, each catalyst was operated for 200 days at a temperature at which the product oil sulfur content was 8 mass ppm. During this constant operation of the generated oil sulfur content, the operation was performed while compensating for the operating temperature in order to suppress an increase in the generated oil sulfur content due to catalyst deterioration.
- Desulfurization rate (HDS) (%): By converting the sulfur content in the raw material into hydrogen sulfide by a desulfurization reaction, the ratio of the sulfur content that disappeared from the raw material oil was defined as the desulfurization rate, and was calculated from the sulfur analysis values of the raw material oil and the product oil by the following formula. Table 4 shows the measurement results.
- Desulfurization reaction rate constant (Ks) The constant of the reaction rate equation that obtains the reaction order of 1.3 with respect to the reduction amount of the sulfur content (Sp) of the product oil was defined as the desulfurization reaction rate constant (Ks). The higher the reaction rate constant, the better the catalytic activity. Table 4 shows the measurement results.
- Sf is the sulfur content (mass%) in the feed oil
- Sp is the sulfur content (mass%) in the reaction product oil
- LHSV is the liquid space velocity (h -1 ). It is.
- the catalysts A to F of Examples 1 to 6 have a higher desulfurization rate, a larger desulfurization reaction rate constant, and a specific activity of 139% or more than the catalysts a to d of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. It was very high.
- the sulfur content of the product oil was 25 to 68 mass ppm, whereas when the catalysts A to F were used, the sulfur content was reduced to 15 mass ppm or less. It was possible to reduce.
- the desulfurization reaction rate constant of the catalyst A is clearly larger than that of the catalyst a, even though the active component is supported using the same impregnation solution. It is clear that the crystallite size of the zeolite that is being affected affects the desulfurization rate constant of the catalyst. Further, since all of the catalysts A to F showed high desulfurization activity, a highly active hydrodesulfurization catalyst can be produced by setting the crystallite diameter of the zeolite contained in the catalyst to 30 to 100 nm. I understood.
- a catalyst b in which 1.28 mol of organic acid is supported per 1 mol of cobalt despite being supported on the same inorganic oxide support, and a catalyst having only 0.1 mol of organic acid per 1 mol of cobalt c and catalyst d, which has only 0.17 moles of organic acid per mole of cobalt, are clearly more in proportion than Catalysts B, E and F, in which 0.3 to 1.0 mole of organic acid is supported per mole of cobalt. The activity was small.
- the molar ratio of the amount of organic acid supported on the carrier greatly affects the desulfurization activity, and the carbon derived from the organic acid is based on the catalyst, element conversion
- the organic acid and the Group 9/10 metal are supported so that the molar ratio of [Organic acid] / [Group 9/10 metal] is 0.2 to 1.2.
- Table 5 shows operating temperatures after 50 days and after 100 days.
- Comparative Example 1 (Catalyst a) and Comparative Example 4 (Catalyst d)
- the operating temperature reached 400 ° C. before reaching the 100th day.
- Comparative Example 3 (Catalyst c) was not evaluated because the operating temperature reached 400 ° C. before reaching the 50th day.
- the catalysts A to F of Examples 1 to 6 were used, the difference between the operating temperature on the 50th day and the operating temperature on the 100th day was 5 to 12 ° C. Even in the case of constant operation, the operating temperature did not need to be increased so much.
- the catalyst according to the present invention is capable of desulfurizing light oil in the ultra-deep desulfurization region under the conditions such as the hydrogen partial pressure and reaction temperature that are almost the same as those of conventional light oil hydrotreating. It can be seen that it has extremely excellent activity.
- the present invention provides a hydrodesulfurization catalyst that can be produced by simple means and that can ultra-desulfurize sulfur in gas oil without requiring severe operating conditions, and the hydrodesulfurization catalyst.
- the present invention relates to a method for hydrotreating light oil used.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年3月25日に日本に出願された特願2013-062267号に対して優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、本発明の第二の態様は、前記第一の態様に係る水素化脱硫触媒の存在下、軽油留分の接触反応を行う、軽油の水素化処理方法である。
また、本発明に係る軽油の水素化脱硫触媒は、反応条件を従来の水素化処理の際の反応条件とほぼ同じかより温和とすることができるため、従来の装置を大幅改造することなく、従来使用していた水素化脱硫触媒に転用できる。
さらに、本発明に係る軽油の水素化脱硫触媒を用いた軽油の水素化処理方法により、硫黄含有量の少ない軽油基材を、容易に供給することができる。
)は、アルミナと特定の物性を有するHYゼオライトとを含有する複合酸化物担体に、長周期型周期表における第6族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属(以下、「第6族金属」と記載することがある。)、長周期型周期表における第9族元素及び第10族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属(以下、「第9/10族金属」と記載することがある。)、リン、及び有機酸を担持させた触媒であって、比表面積や細孔容積、平均細孔直径が特定の範囲内にある炭化水素油の水素化脱硫触媒である。特定の物性を有するHYゼオライトを含むアルミナ担体を用い、かつ比表面積や細孔容積、平均細孔直径等の物性を特定の範囲内に制御することによって、比較的穏やかな脱硫条件下であっても、充分な脱硫率で水素化処理を行うことができる長寿命の水素化脱硫触媒を得ることができる。
本発明に係る触媒において用いられるHYゼオライトは、下記(a)~(d)の物性を有する。
(a)SiO2/Al2O3(モル比)が、3~10、
(b)結晶格子定数が、2.435~2.465nm、(c)ゼオライト骨格内Alの全Alに対するモル比が、0.2~0.9、及び(d)結晶子径が、30~100nm。
SiO2/Al2O3(モル比)は、ICP分析法による化学組成分析により測定することができる。
本発明に係る触媒において用いられるHYゼオライトの化学組成分析によるバルクのSiO2/Al2O3(モル比)は、3~10であり、好ましくは5~8である。SiO2/Al2O3(モル比)が3以上であることにより、充分な量の活性点を備えることができ、難脱物質のアルキル基の異性化やベンゼン環の水素化が充分に行われる。また、SiO2/Al2O3(モル比)が10以下であることにより、原料油(軽油)の分解が進行し難く、液収率の低下が抑制できる。
本発明において用いられるHYゼオライトは、天然のフォージャサイトと基本的に同一の結晶構造を有し、酸化物として下記に示す組成物を有する。
HYゼオライトの結晶格子定数(単位格子寸法)は、X線回折装置(XRD)により測定することができる。ここで、「HYゼオライトの結晶格子定数」とは、ゼオライトを構成する単位ユニットのサイズを示している。
本発明において用いられるHYゼオライトの結晶格子定数は、2.435~2.465nmであり、好ましくは2.440~2.460nmである。結晶格子定数が2.435nm以上であれば、難脱物質のアルキル基の異性化やベンゼン環の水素化を促進させるために必要なAl数(アルミニウム原子数)が適当であり、2.465nm以下であれば、酸点上での原料油の分解が抑制され、活性低下の主要因である炭素析出を抑制できる。
ゼオライトの全アルミニウム原子に対するゼオライト骨格内アルミニウム原子のモル数は、化学組成分析によるSiO2/Al2O3(モル比)及び結晶格子定数から、下記の式(A)~(D)を用いて算出することができる。なお、式(A)はH.K.Beyeretal.,J.Chem.Soc.,FaradayTrans.1,(81),2899(1985).に記載の式を採用したものである。
式(A)中、ao:結晶格子定数/nm、
NAl:単位格子当たりのAl原子数、
2.425:単位格子骨格内の全Al原子が骨格外に脱離したときの結晶格子定数、
0.000868:実験により求めた計算値であり、aoとNAlについて1次式で整理したとき(ao=0.000868NAl+2.425)の傾き。
式(B)中、192:Y型ゼオライトの結晶格子定数あたりの(Si+Al)の原子数。
式(D):〔ゼオライト骨格内Al〕/〔全Al〕=〔(Si/Al)化学組成分析値〕/〔(Si/Al)計算式〕
本発明に係る触媒において、用いるHYゼオライトの結晶子径は、X線回折装置により測定し、下記(1)~(4)のようにして規定する。
(1)X線回折装置より、ゼオライトの回折ピークを算出する。
(2)(533)面、(642)面、(555)面に該当するピークより、それぞれの面の半値幅を算出する。
(3)(533)面、(642)面、(555)面それぞれの半値幅をScherrerの式(E)に代入し、各面のサイズを求める。
(4)前記(3)で求めた3つの面の平均値を、ゼオライト結晶径と規定する。
式(E)中、D:ゼオライトの結晶子径(Å)、
K:Sherrer定数、
λ:X線波長(nm)、
β:半値幅(rad)、
θ:回折角(°)。
本発明に係る触媒は、担体として、主成分がアルミナであり、かつ前記HYゼオライトを含む無機酸化物を用いる。具体的には、本発明に係る触媒は、必須成分として、担体基準で、80~99.5質量%のアルミナと、0.5~20質量%の前記HYゼオライトとを含有する複合酸化物担体に、第6族金属、第9/10族金属、リン、及び有機酸を担持させた触媒である。
本発明に係る触媒において、前記複合酸化物担体には、第6族金属を1種類のみ担持させてもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて担持させてもよい。前記複合酸化物担体に担持させる第6族金属としては、モリブデン、タングステンが好ましく、モリブデンが特に好ましい。
すなわち、分解速度が速いと、二硫化モリブデン等の第6族金属の二硫化物の層とは別に、コバルトやニッケル等の第9/10族金属が独自の層を形成してしまい、高活性なCoMoS相やNiMoS相等の形成が不十分となるのに対し、分解速度が遅いと、二硫化モリブデン等のリム-エッジ部分に、高活性なこれらの相を十分に形成することができる。
これらコバルトとニッケルのクエン酸化合物の製法は、例えば、コバルトの場合、クエン酸の水溶液に炭酸コバルトを溶かすことにより得られる。このような製法で得られたクエン酸化合物の水分を、除去しないで、そのまま、触媒調製に用いてもかまわない。
これらの化合物の上記含浸用溶液中への添加量は、得られる触媒中に上記した範囲内で第9/10族金属が含有される量とする。
有機酸としてクエン酸を使用する場合は、クエン酸単独でもよく、コバルトやニッケル等の第9/10族金属とのクエン酸化合物であってもよい。
リン酸としては、第6族金属との化合物であるモリブドリン酸を用いることもできる。
この場合、得られる触媒中に前記含有量でリンが含有されない場合には、リン酸をさらに添加する。
水に前記各成分を溶解させて含浸用溶液を調製するが、このときの温度は、0℃を超え100℃以下でよく、この範囲内の温度であれば、水に上記各成分を良好に溶解させることができる。
本発明に係る触媒は、他の脱硫触媒と同様に、軽油の水素化処理に用いることができる。本発明に係る触媒は、非常に脱硫活性が高く、反応条件を従来の水素化処理の際の反応条件とほぼ同じとした場合のみならず、より温和とした場合であっても、軽油留分中の硫黄分の含有率を、大幅に低減させることができる。
まず、実施例及び比較例における触媒の物理性状及び化学組成の分析方法を以下に示す。
比表面積は、窒素吸着によるBET法により測定した。窒素吸着装置は、日本ベル社製の表面積測定装置(ベルソープ28)を使用した。
細孔容積、平均細孔直径、及び細孔分布は、水銀圧入法により測定した。水銀圧入装置は、ポロシメーター(MICROMERITICS AUTO-PORE 9200:島津製作所製)を使用した。
水銀圧入法は、毛細管現象の法則に基づく。水銀と円筒細孔の場合には、この法則は下記式(F)で表される。式(F)中、Dは細孔直径、Pは掛けた圧力、γは表面張力、θは接触角である。掛けた圧力Pの関数としての細孔への進入水銀体積を測定した。なお、触媒の細孔水銀の表面張力は484dyne/cmとし、接触角は130度とした。
式(F):D=-(1/P)4γcosθ
細孔分布は、Pを関数として算出されたDの分布である。
(2)サンプルビュレットを空のまま真空加熱脱気装置に掛けた。
(3)真空度が5×10-2Torr以下となったら、サンプルビュレットを、そのコックを閉じて真空加熱脱気装置から取外し、冷却後、重量を測定した。
(4)サンプルビュレットに試料(触媒)を入れた。
(5)試料入りサンプルビュレットを真空加熱脱気装置に掛け、真空度が5×10-2Torr以下になってから1時間以上保持した。
(6)試料入りサンプルビュレットを真空加熱脱気装置から取外し、冷却後、重量を測定し、試料重量を求めた。
(7)AUTO-PORE 9200用セルに試料を入れた。
(8)AUTO-PORE 9200により測定した。
触媒中の金属分析は、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(ICPS-2000:島津製作所製)を用いて行った。
金属の定量は、絶対検量線法にて行った。
(2)溶解後、ポリプロピレン製メスフラスコ(50ml)に移し換え、純水を加えて、50mlに秤量した。
(3)この溶液を、ICPS-2000により測定した。
二硫化モリブデンの層の積層数は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)(日本電子社製、商品名:“JEM-2010”)を用いて、次の要領で測定した。
(1)触媒を流通式反応管に詰め、室温で窒素気流中に5分間保持し、雰囲気ガスをH2S(5容量%)/H2に切替え、速度5℃/minで昇温し、400℃に達した後、1時間保持した。その後、同雰囲気下で200℃まで降温し、雰囲気ガスを窒素に切替え、常温まで降温し、硫化処理を終了した。
(2)この硫化処理後の触媒をメノウ乳鉢で粉砕した。
(3)粉砕した触媒の少量をアセトン中に分散させた。
(4)得られた懸濁液をマイクログリッド上に滴下し、室温で乾燥して試料とした。
(5)前記試料をTEMの測定部にセットし、加速電圧200kVで測定した。直接倍率は20万倍とし、5視野を測定した。
(6)TEM写真を200万倍になるように引き延ばし(サイズ16.8cm×16.8cm)、1視野当たり200以上の二硫化モリブデン等の第6族金属の二硫化物の結晶が目視できるものを用い、二硫化モリブデンの積層数と、層の面方向の長さを測り取った。
以降の実施例等において用いたゼオライト1は、以下の方法により調製した。
オートクレーブ容器に入れた21.7質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液230gに、17.0質量%のNa2Oと22.0質量%のAl2O3を含有するアルミン酸ナトリウム29gを攪拌しながら加えた。アルミン酸ナトリウム添加後の溶液を攪拌しながら、SiO2濃度24質量%の3号水硝子232gの中に加え、十分に攪拌した後、95℃で12時間加温熟成を行った。熟成終了後、温度を70℃以下となるように冷却した後、合成生成物を取り出し、ろ過、洗浄、乾燥を行い、Na-Y型種結晶を調製した。得られた種子組成物の組成は、酸化物モル比で、Na2O/Al2O3=16、SiO2/Al2O3=15、H2O/Al2O3=330であった。
その後、5質量%硝酸アンモニウム水溶液中にNa-Y型ゼオライト1を入れ、60℃一定条件下20分間攪拌した後、ろ過し、イオン交換処理を行った。イオン交換処理を2回繰り返した後、120℃、12時間乾燥させることによってNH3型Yゼオライト1を得た。
さらに、得られたNH3型Yゼオライト1を600℃、4時間空気流通下で焼成することにより、H型Yゼオライト1(以下、単に「ゼオライト1」という。)を得た。また、反応混合物中の全Al2O3に対する前述の種子Al2O3の量は、0.098モル%であった。
ゼオライト1~ゼオライト5のSiO2/Al2O3(モル比)、結晶格子定数、ゼオライト骨格内Alの全Alに対するモル比(〔ゼオライト骨格内Al〕/〔全Al〕)、及び結晶子径を表1に示す。
ここで、SiO2/Al2O3(モル比)は、ICP分析法による化学組成分析から測定した。結晶格子定数は、ASTM D3906に準じてX線解析装置(XRD)を用いて測定した。全Al原子に対するゼオライト骨格内Alのモル比は、化学組成分析値とXRDによる測定値とから計算した。詳細は前述の通りに行った。
3.4gのゼオライト1と218.8gのアルミナ水和物とを混練し、押出成形後、600℃で2時間焼成して、直径1/16インチの柱状成形物のゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体(ゼオライト/アルミナ質量比=6/94、細孔容積=0.82ml/g、比表面積=321m2/g、平均細孔直径=8.9nm)を得た。
これとは別に、イオン交換水43.4gに、クエン酸第一コバルト17.09gと、リン酸(85%水溶液)3.72gを投入し、80℃に加温して10分間攪拌した。次いで、モリブドリン酸29.34gを投入し溶解させ、同温度で15分間攪拌して含浸用の溶液(含浸用溶液)を調製した。
ナス型フラスコ中に、前記ゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gを投入し、そこへ前記含浸用溶液の全量をピペットで添加し、約25℃で3時間浸漬した。その後、窒素気流中で風乾し、マッフル炉中120℃で約16時間乾燥させ、触媒Aを得た。
触媒Aは、比表面積が147m2/g、細孔容積が0.44ml/g、平均細孔直が12.0nmであった。
実施例1のゼオライト1をゼオライト2に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例1と同一形状のゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体(ゼオライト/アルミナ質量比=6/94、細孔容積=0.79ml/g、比表面積=329m2/g、平均細孔直径=8.8nm)を得た。このゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gをナス型フラスコ中に投入し、そこへ実施例1と同じ含浸用溶液の全量を実施例1と同様にして添加浸漬後、実施例1と同様にして風乾、乾燥、焼成を行い、触媒Bを得た。
触媒Bは、比表面積が155m2/g、細孔容積が0.41ml/g、平均細孔直が12.5nmであった。
実施例1のゼオライト1をゼオライト3に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例1と同一形状のゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体(ゼオライト/アルミナ質量比=6/94、細孔容積=0.81ml/g、比表面積=317m2/g、平均細孔直径=8.7nm)を得た。このゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gをナス型フラスコ中に投入し、そこへ実施例1と同じ含浸用溶液の全量を実施例1と同様にして添加浸漬後、実施例1と同様にして風乾、乾燥、焼成を行い、触媒Cを得た。
触媒Cは、比表面積が157m2/g、細孔容積が0.42ml/g、平均細孔直が12.1nmであった。
実施例1のゼオライト1をゼオライト4に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例1と同一形状のゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体(ゼオライト/アルミナ質量比=6/94、細孔容積=0.79ml/g、比表面積=315m2/g、平均細孔直径=8.5nm)を得た。このゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gをナス型フラスコ中に投入し、そこへ実施例1と同じ含浸用溶液の全量を実施例1と同様にして添加浸漬後、実施例1と同様にして風乾、乾燥、焼成を行い、触媒Dを得た。
触媒Dは、比表面積が150m2/g、細孔容積が0.41ml/g、平均細孔直が12.2nmであった。
イオン交換水43.2gに、炭酸コバルト7.56gと三酸化モリブデン21.4gとクエン酸1水和物12.02gとリン酸(85%水溶液)5.16gを投入し、80℃に加温して30分間攪拌することにより、含浸用溶液を調製した。
ナス型フラスコ中に、実施例2と同様に調製したゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gを投入し、そこへ前記含浸用溶液の全量をピペットで添加し、約25℃で3時間浸漬した。その後、窒素気流中で風乾し、マッフル炉中120℃で約16時間乾燥させ、触媒Eを得た。
触媒Eは、比表面積が149m2/g、細孔容積が0.43ml/g、平均細孔直が11.8nmであった。
イオン交換水43.2gに、炭酸コバルト7.56gと三酸化モリブデン21.4gとクエン酸1水和物4.41gとリン酸(85%水溶液)5.16gを投入し、80℃に加温して30分間攪拌して含浸用の溶液を調製した。
ナス型フラスコ中に、実施例2と同様に調製したゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gを投入し、そこへ上記の含浸用溶液の全量をピペットで添加し、約25℃で3時間浸漬した。その後、窒素気流中で風乾し、マッフル炉中120℃で約16時間乾燥させ、触媒Fを得た。
触媒Fは、比表面積が146m2/g、細孔容積が0.43ml/g、平均細孔直が12.8nmであった。
実施例1のゼオライト1をゼオライト5に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例1と同一形状のゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体(ゼオライト/アルミナ質量比=6/94、細孔容積=0.81ml/g、比表面積=312m2/g、平均細孔直径=8.6nm)を得た。このゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gをナス型フラスコ中に投入し、そこへ実施例1と同じ含浸用溶液の全量を実施例1と同様にして添加浸漬後、実施例1と同様にして風乾、乾燥、焼成を行い、触媒aを得た。
触媒aは、比表面積が145m2/g、細孔容積が0.44ml/g、平均細孔直が12.0nmであった。
イオン交換水43.2gに、炭酸コバルト7.56gと三酸化モリブデン21.4gとクエン酸1水和物17.36gとリン酸(85%水溶液)5.16gを投入し、80℃に加温して30分間攪拌して含浸用溶液を調製した。
ナス型フラスコ中に、実施例2で調製したゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gを投入し、そこへ前記含浸用溶液の全量をピペットで添加し、約25℃で3時間浸漬した。その後、窒素気流中で風乾し、マッフル炉中120℃で約16時間乾燥させ、触媒bを得た。
触媒bは、比表面積が154m2/g、細孔容積が0.42ml/g、平均細孔直が12.9nmであった。
イオン交換水43.2gに、炭酸コバルト7.56gと三酸化モリブデン21.4gとクエン酸1水和物1.34gとリン酸(85%水溶液)5.16gを投入し、80℃に加温して30分間攪拌して含浸用溶液を調製した。
ナス型フラスコ中に、実施例2で調製したゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gを投入し、そこへ前記含浸用溶液の全量をピペットで添加し、約25℃で3時間浸漬した。その後、窒素気流中で風乾し、マッフル炉中120℃で約16時間乾燥させ、触媒cを得た。
触媒cは、比表面積が160m2/g、細孔容積が0.44ml/g、平均細孔直が11.7nmであった。
イオン交換水43.2gに、炭酸コバルト10.41gと三酸化モリブデン22.1gとクエン酸1水和物3.13gとリン酸(85%水溶液)5.30gを投入し、80℃に加温して30分間攪拌して含浸用溶液を調製した。
ナス型フラスコ中に、実施例2で調製したゼオライト-アルミナ複合担体50gを投入し、そこへ前記含浸用溶液の全量をピペットで添加し、約25℃で3時間浸漬した。その後、窒素気流中で風乾し、マッフル炉中120℃で約16時間乾燥させ、触媒dを得た。
触媒dは、比表面積が159m2/g、細孔容積が0.43ml/g、平均細孔直が11.6nmであった。
実施例1~6及び比較例1~4において調製した触媒A~F及び触媒a~dを用い、以下の要領にて、下記性状の直留軽油の水素化処理を行った。
先ず、触媒を高圧流通式反応装置に充填して固定床式触媒層を形成し、下記の条件で前処理した。
次に、反応温度に加熱した原料油と水素含有ガスとの混合流体を、反応装置の上部より導入して、下記の条件で水素化反応を進行させ、生成油とガスの混合流体を、反応装置の下部より流出させ、気液分離器で生成油を分離した。
360℃で反応装置を運転し、6日経過した時点で生成油を採取し、その性状を分析した。その後、各触媒について生成油硫黄分が8質量ppmとなる温度で200日の運転を行った。この生成油硫黄分一定運転に際して、触媒の劣化による生成油硫黄分上昇を抑えるために、運転温度を補償しながら運転した。
原料中の硫黄分を脱硫反応によって硫化水素に転換することにより、原料油から消失した硫黄分の割合を脱硫率と定義し、原料油及び生成油の硫黄分析値から以下の式により算出した。測定結果を表4に示す。
〔2〕脱硫反応速度定数(Ks):
生成油の硫黄分(Sp)の減少量に対して、1.3次の反応次数を得る反応速度式の定数を脱硫反応速度定数(Ks)とした。なお、反応速度定数が高い程、触媒活性が優れていることを示している。測定結果を表4に示す。
脱硫反応速度定数=〔1/(Sp)(1.3-1)-1/(Sf)(1.3-1)〕×(LHSV)×1/(1.3-1)
比活性は、下記式から求めた。測定結果を表4に示す。
比活性(%)=
〔各脱硫反応速度定数〕/〔比較触媒aの脱硫反応速度定数〕×100
この結果、実施例1~6の触媒A~Fを用いた場合には、50日目の運転温度と100日目の運転温度との差が5~12℃であり、長期間生成油硫黄分一定運転した場合でも、運転温度はさほど上昇させる必要はなかった。これに対して、比較例2の触媒bを用いた場合には、100日目には、50日目の運転温度よりも17℃以上も上昇させる必要があった。これらの結果から、本発明に係る触媒が、長期間にわたって安定した活性を維持できることが明らかである。
Claims (3)
- 80~99.5質量%のアルミナと、0.5~20質量%のHYゼオライトとを含有する複合酸化物担体に、長周期型周期表における第6族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属、長周期型周期表における第9族元素及び第10族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属、リン、及び有機酸を担持させた触媒であって、
前記第6族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属を、触媒基準、酸化物換算にて10~40質量%、
前記第9族元素及び第10族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属を、触媒基準、酸化物換算にて1~15質量%、
リンを、触媒基準、酸化物換算にて1.5~8質量%、及び
有機酸由来の炭素を、触媒基準、元素換算にて0.8~7質量%含有し、
かつ、長周期型周期表における第9族元素及び第10族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属1モル当たり、有機酸を0.2~1.2モル含有し、
窒素吸着法で測定した比表面積が110~300m2/g、
水銀圧入法で測定した細孔容積が0.3~0.6ml/g、
水銀圧入法で測定した細孔分布での平均細孔直径が6.5~14nmであり、
前記HYゼオライトが、(a)SiO2/Al2O3(モル比)が、3~10、
(b)結晶格子定数が、2.435~2.465nm、(c)ゼオライト骨格内Alの全Alに対するモル比が、0.2~0.9、及び(d)結晶子径が、30~100nmである、軽油の水素化脱硫触媒。 - 前記複合酸化物担体を、長周期型周期表における第6族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属、長周期型周期表における第9族元素及び第10族元素からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属、リン、及び有機酸を含有する溶液に含浸させた後、200℃以下で乾燥させることにより製造された、請求項1に記載の水素化脱硫触媒。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の水素化脱硫触媒の存在下、軽油留分の接触反応を行う、軽油の水素化処理方法。
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