WO2014148151A1 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a control method for the fuel cell system.
- JP 2010-270725A describes a conventional fuel cell system that includes an intercooler that cools the cathode gas discharged from the cathode compressor and an intercooler fan that sends cooling air to the intercooler.
- those equipped with an intercooler fan can control the heat dissipation of the intercooler by the intercooler fan, and thereby can protect the downstream parts of the intercooler with heat resistance.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such a problem, and an object thereof is to achieve heat-resistant protection of the intercooler downstream component by a method different from the heat-resistant protection of the intercooler downstream component by the intercooler fan.
- a fuel cell system that generates electricity by supplying an anode gas and a cathode gas to a fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system includes a compressor that supplies a cathode gas to the fuel cell, an intercooler that is provided downstream of the compressor and cools the cathode gas discharged from the compressor, and a pressure regulating valve that adjusts the downstream pressure of the intercooler.
- Intercooler downstream temperature detecting means for detecting the downstream temperature of the intercooler
- first target pressure calculating means for calculating the first target pressure of the intercooler downstream pressure according to the target output of the fuel cell
- the intercooler downstream A second target pressure calculating means for calculating a second target pressure of the intercooler downstream pressure according to the temperature, and a target for setting the smaller one of the first target pressure and the second target pressure as the target pressure of the intercooler downstream pressure
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram for explaining the control of the cathode system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a map for calculating the stack required WRD inlet pressure based on the target output current of the fuel cell stack and the atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 4 is a table for calculating the stack required supply flow rate based on the target output current of the fuel cell stack.
- FIG. 5 is a map for calculating the stack supply limit flow rate based on the WRD inlet limit pressure and the atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart for explaining the operation of controlling the cathode system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- an electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode), an anode gas containing hydrogen in the anode electrode (fuel gas), and a cathode gas containing oxygen in the cathode electrode (oxidant) Electricity is generated by supplying gas.
- the electrode reaction that proceeds in both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode is as follows.
- Anode electrode 2H 2 ⁇ 4H + + 4e ⁇ (1)
- Cathode electrode 4H + + 4e ⁇ + O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O (2)
- the fuel cell generates an electromotive force of about 1 volt by the electrode reactions (1) and (2).
- a fuel cell When a fuel cell is used as a power source for automobiles, it requires a large amount of power, so it is used as a fuel cell stack in which several hundred fuel cells are stacked. Then, a fuel cell system that supplies anode gas and cathode gas to the fuel cell stack is configured, and electric power for driving the vehicle is taken out.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell stack 1, a cathode gas supply / discharge device 2, an anode gas supply / discharge device 3, and a controller 4.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is formed by stacking several hundred fuel cells, and receives the supply of anode gas and cathode gas to generate electric power necessary for driving the vehicle.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 2 supplies the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and discharges the cathode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the outside air.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 2 is referred to as a cathode gas supply passage 21, a cathode gas discharge passage 22, a filter 23, a cathode compressor 24, an intercooler 25, and a water recovery device (hereinafter referred to as "WRD").
- WRD water recovery device
- the cathode gas supply passage 21 is a passage through which the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 flows.
- the cathode gas supply passage 21 has one end connected to the filter 23 and the other end connected to the cathode gas inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode gas discharge passage 22 is a passage through which the cathode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 flows. One end of the cathode gas discharge passage 22 is connected to the cathode gas outlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is an open end.
- Cathode off-gas is a mixed gas of water vapor generated by cathode gas and electrode reaction.
- the filter 23 removes foreign matters in the cathode gas taken into the cathode gas supply passage 21.
- the cathode compressor 24 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21.
- the cathode compressor 24 takes air (outside air) as cathode gas through the filter 23 into the cathode gas supply passage 21 and supplies it to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the intercooler 25 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21 downstream from the cathode compressor 24.
- the intercooler 25 cools the cathode gas discharged from the cathode compressor 24.
- the WRD 26 is connected to each of the cathode gas supply passage 21 and the cathode gas discharge passage 22, collects moisture in the cathode off-gas flowing through the cathode gas discharge passage 22, and cathode that flows through the cathode gas supply passage 21 with the collected moisture. Humidify the gas.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is provided in the cathode gas discharge passage 22 downstream of the WRD 26.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 4 to adjust the pressure of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 11 to a desired pressure.
- the air flow sensor 41 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21 upstream of the cathode compressor 24.
- the air flow sensor 41 detects the flow rate of the cathode gas supplied to the cathode compressor 24 and finally supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “stack supply flow rate”).
- the temperature sensor 42 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21 between the intercooler 25 and the WRD 26.
- the temperature sensor 42 detects the temperature on the cathode gas inlet side of the WRD 26 (hereinafter referred to as “WRD inlet temperature”).
- the pressure sensor 43 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21 between the intercooler 25 and the WRD 26.
- the pressure sensor 43 detects the pressure on the cathode gas inlet side of the WRD 26 (hereinafter referred to as “WRD inlet pressure”).
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 3 supplies anode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and discharges anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 3 includes a high-pressure tank 31, an anode gas supply passage 32, an anode pressure regulating valve 33, an anode gas discharge passage 34, and a purge valve 35.
- the high pressure tank 31 stores the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 in a high pressure state.
- the anode gas supply passage 32 is a passage for supplying the anode gas discharged from the high-pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode gas supply passage 32 has one end connected to the high pressure tank 31 and the other end connected to the anode gas inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 33 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 32.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 34 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 4 to adjust the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 to a desired pressure.
- the anode gas discharge passage 34 is a passage through which the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 flows.
- the anode gas discharge passage 35 has one end connected to the anode gas outlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1 and the other end connected to the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
- the anode off gas is a mixed gas of excess anode gas that has not been used in the electrode reaction, an inert gas such as nitrogen leaking from the cathode side, and water vapor.
- the anode off gas discharged to the cathode gas discharge passage 22 via the anode gas discharge passage 34 is mixed with the cathode off gas in the cathode gas discharge passage 22 and discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system 100. Since the anode off gas contains surplus anode gas (hydrogen) that has not been used for the electrode reaction, the anode off gas is mixed with the cathode off gas and discharged outside the fuel cell system 100, whereby hydrogen in the exhaust gas is discharged.
- the density is set to be equal to or lower than a predetermined density.
- the purge valve 35 is provided in the anode gas discharge passage 34.
- the purge valve 35 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 4 and controls the flow rate of the anode off gas discharged from the anode gas discharge passage 34 to the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
- the controller 4 includes a microcomputer having a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface).
- the controller 4 includes a current sensor 44 that detects a current (output current) extracted from the fuel cell stack 1, and an output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1.
- An accelerator stroke sensor 46 for detecting the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal hereinafter referred to as “accelerator operation amount”
- a temperature of cooling water for cooling the fuel cell stack 1 hereinafter referred to as “cooling water temperature”.
- Signals from various sensors such as a water temperature sensor 47 that detects atmospheric pressure and an atmospheric pressure sensor 48 that detects atmospheric pressure are input.
- the controller 4 calculates a target value (hereinafter referred to as “target output current”) of the current taken out from the fuel cell stack 1 based on detection signals of these various sensors, operating states of various electrical components, and the like. That is, the controller 4 calculates the target output current based on the load applied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- target output current a target value of the current taken out from the fuel cell stack 1 based on detection signals of these various sensors, operating states of various electrical components, and the like. That is, the controller 4 calculates the target output current based on the load applied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the controller 4 sets the WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate to appropriate target values so that the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack does not fall below a predetermined oxygen partial pressure. To control. This is because when the oxygen partial pressure becomes lower than the predetermined oxygen partial pressure, the oxygen necessary for power generation becomes insufficient, and the IV characteristics (current / voltage characteristics) of the fuel cell stack 1 deteriorate, and the target output from the fuel cell stack 1 is reduced. This is because if the current is taken out, the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 may be lower than the minimum output voltage necessary for driving the drive motor of the vehicle.
- the oxygen consumption also increases. Therefore, in order to ensure the oxygen partial pressure, it is necessary to increase the target values of the WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate. There is. Therefore, when the high load operation continues, the temperature of the cathode gas discharged from the cathode compressor 24 increases. The cathode gas discharged from the cathode compressor 24 is cooled by the intercooler 25. However, when the intercooler fan is not provided, the heat radiation amount of the intercooler 25 cannot be controlled.
- the intercooler 25 cannot sufficiently cool the cathode gas, and the hot cathode gas flows into the downstream parts of the intercooler 25 such as the WRD 26 and the fuel cell stack 1, and the downstream of the intercooler 25. There is a risk that the heat-resistant protection of parts cannot be achieved.
- the WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate are limited in accordance with the downstream temperature of the intercooler 25, that is, the WRD inlet temperature, and heat resistance protection of the downstream components of the intercooler 25 is achieved.
- the WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate are limited, the output current of the fuel cell stack 1 is further limited as necessary so that the oxygen partial pressure can be secured.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram for explaining the control of the cathode system according to the present embodiment.
- the control block of the cathode system includes a stack required WRD inlet pressure calculation unit 51, a WRD inlet limit pressure calculation unit 52, a target WRD inlet pressure setting unit 53, a stack required supply flow rate calculation unit 54, and a stack supply.
- a limit flow rate calculation unit 55, a target stack supply flow rate setting unit 56, a feedback control unit 57, and a limit current calculation unit 58 are provided.
- the stack required WRD inlet pressure calculation unit 51 refers to the map of FIG. 3 and calculates the stack required WRD inlet pressure based on the target output current of the fuel cell stack 1 and the atmospheric pressure.
- the stack required WRD inlet pressure is a WRD inlet pressure necessary for securing the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack when the target output current is taken out from the fuel cell stack 1.
- the WRD inlet limit pressure calculation unit 52 is configured so that the downstream components of the intercooler 25 such as the WRD 26 and the fuel cell stack 1 are equal to or higher than the respective heat resistance temperatures.
- the upper limit value of the WRD inlet pressure (hereinafter referred to as “WRD inlet limit pressure”) is calculated.
- the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature is an allowable maximum value of the WRD inlet temperature set from the viewpoint of heat-resistant protection of components downstream of the intercooler 25, and is a value determined in advance by experiments or the like.
- the WRD inlet limit pressure calculation unit 52 calculates the allowable maximum WRD inlet pressure as the WRD inlet limit pressure when the WRD inlet temperature is lower than the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature.
- the allowable maximum WRD inlet pressure is an allowable maximum value of the WRD inlet pressure set from the viewpoint of pressure resistance protection of the downstream part of the intercooler 25, and is a value determined in advance by experiments or the like.
- the WRD inlet limiting pressure calculation unit 52 calculates a pressure lower than the allowable maximum WRD inlet pressure as the WRD inlet limiting pressure. Specifically, the WRD inlet limit pressure is calculated based on the difference between the WRD inlet temperature and the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature. That is, the WRD inlet limit pressure calculation unit 52 calculates the WRD inlet pressure that can converge the WRD inlet temperature to the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature when the WRD inlet temperature becomes equal to or higher than the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature. Calculate as
- the target WRD inlet pressure setting unit 53 sets the smaller of the stack required WRD inlet pressure and the WRD inlet limit pressure as the target WRD inlet pressure.
- the allowable maximum WRD inlet pressure is set as the WRD inlet limiting pressure, so that the stack required WRD inlet pressure is smaller than the WRD inlet limiting pressure. Therefore, the target WRD inlet pressure setting unit 53 sets the stack required WRD inlet pressure as the target WRD inlet pressure when the WRD inlet temperature is equal to or lower than the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature.
- the target WRD inlet pressure setting unit 53 sets the WRD inlet restriction pressure as the target WRD inlet pressure.
- the stack required supply flow rate calculation unit 54 refers to the table of FIG. 4 and calculates the stack required supply flow rate based on the target output current of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the stack required supply flow rate is a stack supply flow rate necessary for securing the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack when the target output current is extracted from the fuel cell stack 1.
- the stack supply limit flow rate calculation unit 55 refers to the map of FIG. 5 and calculates the stack supply limit flow rate based on the WRD inlet limit pressure and the atmospheric pressure.
- the stack supply limit flow rate is an upper limit value of the stack supply flow rate necessary to prevent the WRD inlet pressure from becoming higher than the WRD inlet limit pressure when the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is fully opened.
- the target stack supply flow rate setting unit 56 sets the smaller one of the stack required supply flow rate and the stack supply limit flow rate as the target stack supply flow rate.
- the WRD inlet limit pressure is set as the target WRD inlet pressure
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is opened to lower the WRD inlet pressure
- the opening degree of the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is fully opened.
- the stack required supply flow rate is basically set as the target stack supply flow rate.
- the feedback control unit 57 receives the actual WRD inlet pressure detected by the pressure sensor 43, the target WRD inlet pressure, the actual stack supply flow rate and the target stack supply flow rate detected by the air flow sensor 41.
- the feedback control unit 57 includes a target value of the torque of the cathode compressor 24 for converging the actual WRD inlet pressure to the target WRD inlet pressure, and a cathode pressure regulating valve 27 for converging the actual stack supply flow rate to the target stack supply flow rate. Calculate the target value of the opening.
- the limit current calculation unit 58 is based on the actual WRD inlet pressure and the actual stack supply flow rate, and the maximum value of the output current (hereinafter referred to as “limit current”) that can ensure the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack. ) Is calculated. That is, the limiting current is the maximum value of the output current that can ensure the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack with the current WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart for explaining the operation of controlling the cathode system according to the present embodiment.
- the stack required WRD inlet pressure is set as the target WRD inlet pressure. Further, since the stack required supply flow rate is also lower than the stack supply limit flow rate (FIG. 6C), the stack required supply flow rate is set as the target stack supply flow rate.
- the cathode compressor 24 and the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 are controlled so that the WRD inlet pressure becomes the stack required WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate becomes the stack required supply flow rate. Specifically, the WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate are increased by increasing the torque of the cathode compressor 24 while keeping the opening of the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 fully closed, and the respective values are set to target values (that is, the stack request). WRD inlet pressure and stack required supply flow rate).
- the WRD inlet restriction In the pressure calculation unit 52 a WRD inlet limit pressure corresponding to a difference between the WRD inlet temperature and the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature is calculated.
- the WRD inlet restriction pressure becomes lower than the stack required WRD inlet pressure, so the WRD inlet restriction pressure is set as the target WRD inlet pressure, and the WRD inlet pressure is restricted to the WRD inlet restriction pressure.
- the stack supply limit flow rate also decreases as the WRD inlet limit pressure becomes lower than the allowable maximum WRD inlet pressure at time t2, but the stack required supply flow rate is still the stack supply limit flow rate until time t3. Therefore, the target stack supply flow rate is maintained at the stack supply flow rate (FIG. 6C).
- the cathode compressor 24 and the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 are controlled so that the WRD inlet pressure becomes the WRD inlet limit pressure and the stack supply flow rate becomes the stack required supply flow rate. .
- the stack supply flow rate is increased by increasing the torque of the cathode compressor 24, and the stack supply flow rate is controlled to the stack required supply flow rate.
- the WRD inlet pressure is controlled to the WRD inlet limit pressure by increasing the opening of the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 as the stack supply flow rate increases.
- the WRD inlet temperature can be controlled to the allowable maximum WRD inlet temperature, the heat-resistant protection of the downstream components of the intercooler 25 can be achieved.
- the stack supply limit flow rate is set as the target stack supply flow rate, and the stack supply flow rate becomes the stack supply limit flow rate. Limited.
- the cathode compressor 24 and the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 are controlled so that the WRD inlet pressure becomes the WRD inlet limit pressure and the stack supply flow rate becomes the stack supply limit flow rate. Specifically, with the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 fully opened, the torque of the cathode compressor 24 is made constant to limit the stack supply flow rate to the stack supply limit flow rate.
- the stack supply flow rate is further restricted, so that the current actual WRD inlet pressure and actual stack supply flow rate (that is, WRD inlet restriction pressure and stack supply restriction flow rate) are The limiting current that can ensure the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack is smaller than the target output current. Therefore, after time t3, the output current of the fuel cell stack 1 is limited to the limit current.
- the oxygen partial pressure may fall below the minimum oxygen partial pressure when the target output current increases.
- the output current according to the limited WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate as in the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack from falling below the minimum oxygen partial pressure.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a cathode compressor 24 that supplies a cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and an intercooler that is provided downstream of the cathode compressor 24 and cools the cathode gas discharged from the cathode compressor 24.
- the cooler 25, the cathode pressure regulation valve 27 which adjusts the downstream pressure (WRD inlet pressure) of the intercooler 25, and the controller 4 are provided.
- the controller 4 detects the downstream temperature (WRD inlet temperature) of the intercooler 25, calculates the first target pressure (stack required WRD inlet pressure) of the intercooler downstream pressure according to the target output of the fuel cell stack 1, A second target pressure (WRD inlet limit pressure) of the intercooler downstream pressure is calculated according to the cooler downstream temperature.
- the controller 4 sets the smaller one of the first target pressure and the second target pressure as the target pressure of the intercooler downstream pressure, and controls the cathode compressor 24 and the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 according to the target pressure to control the intercooler downstream pressure. Is controlled to the target pressure.
- the intercooler downstream pressure is Limited to 2 target pressures. That is, when the WRD inlet limit pressure set according to the WRD inlet temperature becomes smaller than the stack required WRD inlet pressure set according to the target output current of the fuel cell stack 1, the WRD inlet pressure is changed to the WRD inlet. Limited to the limiting pressure.
- the intercooler downstream pressure to the second target pressure, it is possible to suppress an increase in the intercooler downstream temperature, and thus it is possible to protect the intercooler downstream components from heat. That is, even if the WRD inlet temperature rises for some reason, the rise can be suppressed and heat resistance protection of the downstream components of the intercooler 25 can be achieved.
- the controller 4 of the fuel cell system 100 calculates the first target flow rate (stack required supply flow rate) of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stick 1 based on the target output of the fuel cell stack 1, Based on the two target pressures (WRD inlet limit pressure), a second target flow rate (stack supply limit flow rate) of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 is calculated. Then, the controller 4 sets the smaller one of the first target flow rate and the second target flow rate as the target flow rate of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1, and controls the cathode compressor 24 and the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 according to the target flow rate.
- the flow rate of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 is controlled to the target flow rate.
- the controller 4 sets the second target flow rate to a value smaller than the first target flow rate calculated based on the target output of the fuel cell stack 1 when the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is fully opened.
- the stack required supply flow rate increases as the target output current of the fuel cell stack 1 increases.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is opened until it is fully opened, and the WRD inlet pressure cannot be restricted by the opening degree control of the cathode pressure regulating valve 27, and the WRD inlet temperature may increase.
- the stack supply limit flow rate is calculated according to the WRD inlet limit pressure, and when the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 is fully opened, the stack supply flow rate becomes the stack supply limit flow rate even if the stack required supply flow rate increases. It was made to be restricted.
- the stack supply flow rate is further limited to the stack supply limit flow rate, and an increase in the WRD inlet temperature can be suppressed. Can be planned.
- the controller 4 of the fuel cell system 100 detects the downstream pressure (WRD inlet pressure) of the intercooler 25 and detects the flow rate of the cathode gas (stack supply flow rate) supplied to the fuel cell stack 1. . Then, the controller 4 calculates the output upper limit value of the fuel cell stack 1 based on the detected intercooler downstream pressure and the cathode gas flow rate.
- the minimum oxygen partial pressure may not be secured when the target output current of the fuel cell stack 1 is large.
- the output current is limited according to the limited WRD inlet pressure and the stack supply flow rate. Therefore, it can suppress that the oxygen partial pressure in a fuel cell stack falls below the minimum oxygen partial pressure.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a cathode compressor 24 that supplies cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1, and an intercooler that is provided downstream of the cathode compressor 24 and cools the cathode gas discharged from the cathode compressor 24. 25, a cathode pressure regulating valve 27 that adjusts the downstream pressure (WRD inlet pressure) of the intercooler 25, and the controller 4.
- the controller 4 detects the downstream temperature of the intercooler 25 and controls the cathode compressor 24 and the cathode pressure regulating valve 27 based on the target output of the fuel cell stack 1 to control the intercooler downstream pressure. And the controller 4 restrict
- the stack supply limit flow rate may be corrected according to the temperature in the fuel cell stack. Specifically, the stack supply restriction flow rate is corrected so as to decrease as the coolant temperature representing the temperature in the fuel cell stack increases. This is because the higher the temperature in the fuel cell stack, the higher the water vapor partial pressure in the fuel cell stack and the lower the oxygen partial pressure.
- the stack supply restriction flow rate becomes smaller as the cooling water temperature becomes higher, the output current is restricted early when the water vapor partial pressure in the fuel cell stack is high, so the oxygen partial pressure in the fuel cell stack Can be more reliably suppressed below the minimum oxygen partial pressure.
Abstract
Description
カソード電極 : 4H+ +4e- +O2 →2H2O …(2)
Claims (6)
- アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して発電する燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池にカソードガスを供給するコンプレッサと、
前記コンプレッサの下流に設けられ、前記コンプレッサから吐出されたカソードガスを冷却するインタークーラと、
前記インタークーラの下流圧力を調節する調圧弁と、
前記インタークーラの下流温度を検出するインタークーラ下流温度検出手段と、
前記燃料電池の目標出力に応じて、インタークーラ下流圧力の第1目標圧力を算出する第1目標圧力算出手段と、
インタークーラ下流温度に応じて、インタークーラ下流圧力の第2目標圧力を算出する第2目標圧力算出手段と、
前記第1目標圧力及び前記第2目標圧力の小さいほうを、インタークーラ下流圧力の目標圧力として設定する目標圧力設定手段と、
前記目標圧力に応じて前記コンプレッサ及び前記調圧弁を制御し、インタークーラ下流圧力を前記目標圧力に制御する圧力制御手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池の目標出力に基づいて、前記燃料電池に供給するカソードガスの第1目標流量を算出する第1目標流量算出手段と、
前記第2目標圧力に基づいて、前記燃料電池に供給するカソードガスの第2目標流量を算出する第2目標流量算出手段と、
前記第1目標流量及び前記第2目標流量の小さいほうを、前記燃料電池に供給するカソードガスの目標流量として設定する目標流量設定手段と、
前記目標流量に応じて前記コンプレッサ及び前記調圧弁を制御し、前記燃料電池に供給されるカソードガスの流量を前記目標流量に制御する流量制御手段と、
を備える請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第2目標流量は、
前記調圧弁が全開になったときに前記第1目標流量算出手段で算出される第1目標流量よりも小さい値である、
請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記インタークーラの下流圧力を検出するインタークーラ下流圧力検出手段と、
前記燃料電池に供給されるカソードガスの流量を検出する流量検出手段と、
検出したインタークーラ下流圧力及びカソードガス流量に基づいて、前記燃料電池の出力上限値を算出する出力上限値算出手段と、
を備える請求項2又は請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。 - アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して発電する燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池にカソードガスを供給するコンプレッサと、
前記コンプレッサの下流に設けられ、前記コンプレッサから吐出されたカソードガスを冷却するインタークーラと、
前記インタークーラの下流圧力を調節する調圧弁と、
前記インタークーラの下流温度を検出するインタークーラ下流温度検出手段と、
前記燃料電池の目標出力に基づいて、前記コンプレッサ及び前記調圧弁を制御し、インタークーラ下流圧力を制御する圧力制御手段と、
インタークーラ下流温度が所定温度以上になったときに、インタークーラ下流圧力を制限する圧力制限手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - アノードガス及びカソードガスが供給される燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池にカソードガスを供給するコンプレッサと、
前記コンプレッサの下流に設けられ、前記コンプレッサから吐出されたカソードガスを冷却するインタークーラと、
前記インタークーラの下流圧力を調節する調圧弁と、
を備える燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記インタークーラの下流温度を検出するインタークーラ下流温度検出工程と、
前記燃料電池の目標出力に応じて、インタークーラ下流圧力の第1目標圧力を算出する第1目標圧力算出工程と、
インタークーラ下流温度に応じて、インタークーラ下流圧力の第2目標圧力を算出する第2目標圧力算出工程と、
前記第1目標圧力及び前記第2目標圧力の小さいほうを、インタークーラ下流圧力の目標圧力として設定する目標圧力設定工程と、
前記目標圧力に応じて前記コンプレッサ及び前記調圧弁を制御し、インタークーラ下流圧力を前記目標圧力に制御する圧力制御工程と、
を備える燃料電池システムの制御方法。
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CA2907894A CA2907894C (en) | 2013-03-22 | 2014-02-12 | Fuel cell with intercooler egress temperature control |
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