WO2014139064A1 - 一种醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid to produce ethanol, and a preparation and application thereof.
- Ethanol as an ethanol gasoline has advantages such as more complete combustion, lower CO emissions, and similar combustion performance to gasoline.
- countries around the world have accelerated the pace of popularization and application of ethanol, and 60% of ethanol production is used as fuel for vehicles.
- the current production of fuel ethanol is mainly based on grain. Corn fuel ethanol has become an important source of energy supply in many countries. During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, China also built a number of corn-based fuel ethanol production projects, accounting for 55% of fuel ethanol production.
- the catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid to produce ethanol consists of the following components by weight: Working metal 0.5-5%
- the active metal is platinum
- the auxiliary metal is one or a combination of two or more of Li, Mg, Mn, Zn, Rh, Sn, Ni, Ru, Re, Pd, and Ce
- the agent is an alkaline earth oxide, an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, an alkali metal silicate, a Group 7 metal oxide, a Group 7 metal silicate, a Group VIII metal oxide, and a Group VIII metal silicate.
- the salt is either a mixture of the above oxides.
- the support is silica, activated carbon, activated alumina or diatomaceous earth.
- the above catalyst for hydrogenating acetic acid to produce ethanol consists of the following components by weight: Active metal 0.8%
- the active metal is platinum
- the auxiliary metal is one or a combination of two or more of Li, Mg, Mn, Zn, Rh, Sn, Ni, Ru, Re, Pd, and Ce
- the agent is an alkaline earth oxide, an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, an alkali metal silicate, a Group 7 metal oxide, a Group 7 metal silicate, a Group VIII metal oxide, and a Group VIII metal silicate.
- the support is silica, activated carbon, activated alumina or diatomaceous earth.
- the catalyst has a particle size of 40-120 mesh, a specific surface area of 50-500 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1-2.0 cm 3 /g, and an average pore radius of 1-80 nm.
- the present invention provides a method of preparing the above catalyst, comprising the steps of:
- the carrier is silica: carrier pretreatment, and the particulate silica carrier is ground to 40-120 mesh, placed in a muffle furnace, and heated to 400 at a heating rate of 1-10 °C/min. -700 V, and hold for 1-5 hours, then cool to room temperature for use.
- the soluble salt of the platinum is one or a combination of two or more of platinum nitrate, platinum halide, platinum acetate, and chloroplatinic acid; and the soluble salts of the promoter metal are Li, Mg, and Mn. Any one or a combination of two or more of Zn, Rh, Sn, Ni, Ru, Re, Pd and a lanthanide nitrate, sulfate or chloride.
- Step 2) The above-mentioned active metal and auxiliary metal are loaded in the order of impregnating the active metal with an equal volume, drying, and then supporting the auxiliary metal, and then proceeding to step 3). Or first volume the impregnated load aid metal, dry, then load the active metal, then continue with step 3). Or at the same time, carry out an equal volume load on the active metal and the additive metal, and then continue to step 3).
- the reducing gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen or hydrogen.
- the above-mentioned reducing gas has a flow rate of 50-500 sccm, a reduction temperature of 300-600, and a reduction time of 3-15 hours.
- the above catalyst application provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
- Step 1) After the product obtained is cooled by water or air, it is separated from the gas-liquid separator, and finally enters the liquid storage tank to collect the liquid phase product.
- the reaction conditions for catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol are relatively mild.
- the catalyst has high activity at 2.1-2.3 MPa and 250 °C, which reduces production costs.
- the catalyst has high activity, good stability and high selectivity.
- the conversion of acetic acid is more than 99%, and the selectivity of ethanol is more than 93%. It has good high temperature activity and few by-products of reaction, mainly ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and a small amount of formazan and ethane.
- the target product is easy to separate and purify.
- the soluble salt of platinum and the soluble salt of the auxiliary metal are respectively prepared into an aqueous solution, wherein the total concentration of the active metal ion and the auxiliary metal ion in the aqueous solution is 0.1-2.0 M, and a certain amount of the above active metal and the auxiliary are respectively taken
- the aqueous metal solution is placed in a beaker separately.
- the carrier modifier is added to the pretreated carrier, and the active metal and the auxiliary metal aqueous solution are added dropwise to the composite carrier successively or simultaneously, and stirred for 1-3 hours while stirring, and allowed to stand for 5-15 hours.
- the above catalyst precursor is placed in an oven at 50-150 ° C for drying, drying time 2- 5 hours.
- the above catalyst precursor is placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 400-700 V at a heating rate of 1-lO k/min under an inert gas atmosphere for 3-10 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. reduction.
- the above catalyst precursor is transferred to a reactor and subjected to reduction activation by a reducing gas.
- the carrier is a preparation method of activated alumina catalyst:
- the granular activated alumina carrier is ground to 40-120 mesh, placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 V at a heating rate of l-10 k/min, and held for 1-5 hours, then cooled to Wait at room temperature.
- the soluble salt of platinum and the soluble salt of the auxiliary metal are separately prepared into an aqueous solution, wherein the total concentration of the active metal ion and the auxiliary metal ion in the aqueous solution is 0.1-2.0 M, and a certain amount of the above active metal and the auxiliary are respectively taken
- the aqueous metal solution is placed in a beaker separately.
- the carrier modifier is added to the pretreated carrier, and the active metal and the auxiliary metal aqueous solution are added dropwise to the composite carrier successively or simultaneously, and stirred for 1-3 hours while stirring, and allowed to stand for 5-15 hours.
- the above catalyst precursor is dried in an oven at 50-150 ° C for 2-5 hours.
- the above catalyst precursor was placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 ° C at a heating rate of 1-10 k/min, and held for 3-10 hours, and then cooled to room temperature to be reduced.
- the above catalyst precursor is transferred to a reactor and reductively activated by a reducing gas.
- the granular diatomaceous earth carrier is ground to 40-120 mesh, placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 V at a heating rate of 1-lO k/min, and held for 1-5 hours, then cooled to Wait at room temperature.
- the soluble salt of platinum and the soluble salt of the auxiliary metal are separately prepared into an aqueous solution, wherein the total concentration of the active metal ion and the auxiliary metal ion in the aqueous solution is 0.1-2.0 M, and a certain amount of the above active metal and the auxiliary are respectively taken
- the aqueous solution of the metal agent is placed in a beaker.
- the carrier modifier is added to the pretreated carrier, and the active metal and the auxiliary metal aqueous solution are added dropwise to the composite carrier successively or simultaneously, and stirred for 1-3 hours while stirring, and allowed to stand for 5-15 hours.
- the above catalyst precursor is dried in an oven at 50-150 ° C for 2-5 hours. Place the above catalyst precursor in a muffle furnace and heat up to 400-700 °C at a heating rate of 1-10 k/min.
- the above catalyst precursor is transferred to a reactor and subjected to reduction activation by a reducing gas.
- the reaction was carried out in a stainless steel pressurized fixed bed tubular reactor with a reactor length of 600 mm, 0 > 12 mm * 2.5 mm.
- the reaction pressure is controlled by the steady pressure reducing valve in front of the reactor and the back pressure valve in the back.
- the pressure fluctuation range is
- temperature fluctuation range is ⁇ 0.5V.
- the reactor was charged with 2.0 g of a 40-120 mesh catalyst precursor, and more than 40 mesh quartz sand (filling the entire reactor cavity) was placed above and below the bed to prevent gas flow or wall flow. a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen or hydrogen, a flow rate of 50-500 sccm, and a controlled reduction temperature of 300-600 V, The reduction time is 3-15 hours, and the catalyst is obtained.
- the experiment was then carried out by adjusting the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, and the amount of acetic acid fed.
- the acetic acid is controlled by a high-pressure micro-metering pump to control the flow rate of the hydrogen into the reactor.
- the hydrogen from the cylinder is depressurized by the steady-state pressure reducing valve, and the flow rate is controlled by the mass flow meter, and the acetic acid is vaporized in the upper layer of the bed. It is fully mixed with hydrogen and enters the catalytic bed for catalytic hydrogenation. After the reaction product is cooled by water or air, it is separated into a gas-liquid separator, and finally enters the liquid storage tank, and the liquid phase is collected and analyzed.
- the catalyst has a specific surface area of 50 to 500 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1 to 2.0 cm 3 /g, and an average pore radius of 1 to 80 nm. Under the reaction conditions of 1.5-7.0 MPa and 150-300, the conversion of acetic acid can reach 80% or more, and the selectivity of ethanol can reach 80% or more.
- the above catalyst precursor was placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 ° C at a heating rate of 1-10 ° C/min, and held for 3-10 hours, and then cooled to room temperature to be reduced.
- the above catalyst precursor is transferred to the reactor, and the flow rate of the reducing gas is 50-500 sccm, the reduction temperature is 300-600 ° C, and the reduction time is 3-15 hours to obtain a catalyst.
- the experiment was carried out by adjusting the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, and the amount of acetic acid fed.
- the acetic acid is controlled by a high-pressure micro-metering pump to control the flow rate of the hydrogen into the reactor.
- the hydrogen from the cylinder is depressurized by the steady-state pressure reducing valve, and the flow rate is controlled by the mass flow meter, and the acetic acid is vaporized in the upper layer of the bed. It is fully mixed with hydrogen and enters the catalytic bed for catalytic hydrogenation.
- After the reaction product is cooled by water or air, it is separated into a gas-liquid separator, and finally enters the liquid storage tank, and the liquid phase is collected and analyzed.
- the reaction process conditions and reaction results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the percentage of each component in the catalyst prepared in this example Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; carrier modification: 7%; activated alumina 90%.
- the catalyst prepared in this example was determined to have a specific surface area of 50 to 500 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1 to 2.0 cm 3 /g, and an average pore radius of 1 to 80 nm.
- the granular activated alumina carrier is ground to 40-120 mesh, placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 V at a heating rate of ⁇ -lO k/min, and held for 1-5 hours, then cooled to Wait at room temperature.
- chloroplatinic acid as the active metal precursor, dissolve 1 g of chloroplatinic acid in ethanol, and make up to volume in a 25 ml volumetric flask.
- stannous chloride dihydrate as the auxiliary metal precursor, 2 g of stannous chloride dihydrate was dissolved in deionized water and made up to volume in a 25 ml volumetric flask.
- the above catalyst precursor was placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 ° C at a heating rate of 1-10 ° C/min, and held for 3-10 hours, and then cooled to room temperature to be reduced.
- the above catalyst precursor is transferred to the reactor at a flow rate of 50-500 sccm for the reducing gas, a reduction temperature of 300-600 ° C, and a reduction time of 3-15 hours to obtain a catalyst.
- the experiment was carried out by adjusting the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, and the amount of acetic acid fed.
- the acetic acid is controlled by a high-pressure micro-metering pump to control the flow rate of the hydrogen into the reactor.
- the hydrogen from the cylinder is depressurized by the steady-state pressure reducing valve, and the flow rate is controlled by the mass flow meter, and the acetic acid is vaporized in the upper layer of the bed. It is fully mixed with hydrogen and enters the catalytic bed for catalytic hydrogenation.
- After the reaction product is cooled by water or air, it is separated into a gas-liquid separator, and finally enters the liquid storage tank, and the liquid phase is collected and analyzed.
- Table 1 The reaction process conditions and reaction results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the percentage of each component in the catalyst prepared in this example Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; carrier modification: 3%; activated alumina 90%.
- the catalyst prepared in this example was determined to have a specific surface area of 50 to 500 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1 to 2.0 cm 3 /g, and an average pore radius of 1 to 80 nm.
- chloroplatinic acid as the active metal precursor, 1 g of chloroplatinic acid was dissolved in ethanol and made up to volume in a 25 ml volumetric flask.
- Chlorine dihydrate As a metal precursor of auxiliaries, make 2 g of stannous chloride dihydrate dissolved in deionized water and make up to volume in a 25 ml volumetric flask.
- the above catalyst precursor was placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 ° C at a heating rate of 1-10 ° C/min, and held for 3-10 hours, and then cooled to room temperature to be reduced.
- the above catalyst precursor is transferred to the reactor crucible, and the flow rate of the reducing gas is 50-500 sccm, the reduction temperature is 300-600 V, and the reduction time is 3-15 hours to obtain a catalyst.
- the experiment was carried out by adjusting the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, and the amount of acetic acid fed.
- the acetic acid is controlled by a high-pressure micro-metering pump to control the flow rate of the hydrogen into the reactor.
- the hydrogen from the cylinder is depressurized by the steady-state pressure reducing valve, and the flow rate is controlled by the mass flow meter, and the acetic acid is vaporized in the upper layer of the bed. It is fully mixed with hydrogen and enters the catalytic bed for catalytic hydrogenation.
- After the reaction product is cooled by water or air, it is separated into a gas-liquid separator, and finally enters the liquid storage tank, and the liquid phase is collected and analyzed.
- Table 1 The reaction process conditions and reaction results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the percentage of each component in the catalyst prepared in this example Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; carrier modification: 7%; silica 90%.
- the catalyst prepared in this example was determined to have a specific surface area of 50 to 500 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1 to 2.0 cm 3 /g, and an average pore radius of 1 to 80 nm.
- the granular silica carrier is ground to 40-120 mesh, placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 400-700 V at a heating rate of 1-10 °C/min, and held for 1-5 hours, then cooled. Wait until room temperature.
- chloroplatinic acid as the active metal precursor
- lg chloroplatinic acid was dissolved in ethanol and made up to volume in a 25 ml volumetric flask.
- stannous chloride dihydrate as the auxiliary metal precursor, 2 g of stannous chloride dihydrate was dissolved in deionized water and made up to volume in a 25 ml volumetric flask.
- the above catalyst precursor Place the above catalyst precursor in a muffle furnace and raise the temperature to 400-700 °C at a heating rate of 1-10 °C/min, and keep 3-10 After an hour, then cool to room temperature to be reduced.
- the above catalyst precursor is transferred to the reactor, and the flow rate of the reducing gas is 50-500 sccm, the reduction temperature is 300-600, and the reduction time is 3-15 hours to obtain a catalyst.
- the experiment was carried out by adjusting the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, and the amount of acetic acid fed.
- the acetic acid is controlled by a high-pressure micro-metering pump to control the flow rate of the hydrogen into the reactor.
- the hydrogen from the cylinder is depressurized by the steady-state pressure reducing valve, and the flow rate is controlled by the mass flow meter, and the acetic acid is vaporized in the upper layer of the bed. It is fully mixed with hydrogen and enters the catalytic bed for catalytic hydrogenation.
- After the reaction product is cooled by water or air, it is separated into a gas-liquid separator, and finally enters the liquid storage tank, and the liquid phase is collected and analyzed.
- Table 1 The reaction process conditions and reaction results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the percentage of each component in the catalyst prepared in this example Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; carrier modification: 7%; silica 90%.
- the catalyst prepared in this example was determined to have a specific surface area of 50 to 500 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1 to 2.0 cm 3 /g, and an average pore radius of 1 to 80 nm.
- Catalyst evaluation device process conditions and evaluation results
- the catalyst has a specific surface area of 50-500 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1-2.0 cm 3 /g, and an average pore radius of 1-80 nm. Under the reaction conditions of 1.5-7.0 MPa and 150-300 °C, the conversion of acetic acid can reach 95-99.51%, and the selectivity of ethanol reaches 92-96.31%.
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂及其制备和应用;由活性金属0.5-5%、助剂金属0.1-10%、载体修饰剂1-15%、载体70-95%组成,活性组分为铂,载体为二氧化硅、活性炭、活性氧化铝、硅藻土中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物;助剂金属为Li、Mg、Mn、Zn、Rh、Sn、Ni、Ru、Re、Pd、Ce中的一种或者两种以上任意比例的组合;载体修饰剂为碱土氧化物、碱金属氧化物、碱土金属氧化物、碱金属硅酸盐、第七族金属氧化物、第七族金属硅酸盐、第八族金属氧化物、第八族金属硅酸盐中的一种或者是两种以上任意比例的组合;本催化剂用于醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇,转化率达80%,乙醇选择性达80%。
Description
一种醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂及其制备和应用 技术领域 本发明涉及一种醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂及其制备和应用。 背景技术 乙醇作为乙醇汽油具有燃烧更完全、 CO排放量较低、 燃烧性能与汽油相似等优 点。世界各国都加快了燃烧乙醇推广应用的步伐, 乙醇产量的 60%用作车用燃料。 目 前的燃料乙醇生产主要是以谷物为原料,玉米燃料乙醇在很多国家己经成为重要的能 源供应来源。 "十五"期间中国也建设了多个以玉米为原料的燃料乙醇生产项目, 占 燃料乙醇生产的 55%。但是随着世界粮食供应紧张, 乙醇生产不得不转向以非粮食作 物作为原料的发展方向。 而我国的能源结构是 "富煤、 贫油、 少气", 目前由煤制合 成气, 合成气制备氢气和一氧化碳, 由一氧化碳和氢气制备甲醇, 再由甲醇羰基化制 备乙酸一系列工业化生产工艺条件成熟,以煤基乙酸为原料制备燃料乙醇是适合我国 国情的工艺路线, 该工艺路线的关键技术是醋酸加氢制备乙醇的高效催化剂。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂及其制备和应用。 本发明所述的的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂由如下重量百分比的组分组成: 活件金属 0.5-5%
助剂金属 0.1-10%
载体修饰剂 1-15%
载体 70-95%
其中, 上述活性金属为铂, 所述助剂金属为 Li、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 Rh、 Sn、 Ni、 Ru、 Re、 Pd、 Ce中的一种或者两种以上任意组合; 所述载体修饰剂为碱土氧化物、 碱金属氧化物、 碱土金属氧化物、 碱金属硅酸盐、 第七族金属氧化物、 第七族金属硅 酸盐、第八族金属氧化物、 第八族金属硅酸盐或者是上述氧化物的混合物。所述载体 为二氧化硅、 活性炭、 活性氧化铝或硅藻土。
优选地, 上述的醋酸加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 由如下重量百分比的组分组成:
活性金属 0.8%
助剂金属 2.2%
载体修饰剂 13%
载体 84%
其中, 上述活性金属为铂, 所述助剂金属为 Li、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 Rh、 Sn、 Ni、 Ru、 Re、 Pd、 Ce中的一种或者两种以上任意组合; 所述载体修饰剂为碱土氧化物、 碱金属氧化物、 碱土金属氧化物、 碱金属硅酸盐、 第七族金属氧化物、 第七族金属硅 酸盐、 第八族金属氧化物、 第八族金属硅酸盐, 或者是上述氧化物的混合物。 所述载 体为二氧化硅、 活性炭、 活性氧化铝或硅藻土。
其中, 上述催化剂的颗粒大小在 40-120目, 比表面积为 50-500 m2/g, 孔容为 0.1-2.0 cm3/g, 平均孔半径为 1-80 nm。
本发明提供一种制备上述催化剂的方法, 包括如下步骤:
1 ) 所述载体为二氧化硅: 载体预处理, 取颗粒状的二氧化硅载体研磨至 40-120 目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 °C/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 V, 并保持 1-5个小 时, 然后冷却至室温待用。
2 ) 等体积浸渍负载, 选取铂的可溶性盐和所述助剂金属的可溶性盐分别配制成 水溶液, 所述的水溶液中活性金属离子和助剂金属离子的总浓度为 0.1-2.0 M, 分别 取一定量的上述活性金属和助剂金属水溶液分别置于烧杯中。取载体修饰剂加入预处 理后的载体中, 并先后或同时往复合载体中滴加活性金属和助剂金属水溶液,边滴加 边搅拌 1-3个小时, 静置 5-15个小时待干燥。
3 ) 干燥, 取 2 ) 中所述的催化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时。
4) 焙烧, 取 3 ) 中所述的催化剂前驱体, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 °C/min的加 热速度升温至 400-700 V , 并保持 3-10个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用。
5 ) 还原, 取 4) 中所述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以还原性气体进行还原 活化, 即得。
其中, 步骤 2) 中, 上述铂的可溶性盐为硝酸铂、 卤化铂、 醋酸铂和氯铂酸中的 一种或者两种以上任意组合; 所述助剂金属的可溶性盐为 Li、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 Rh、 Sn、 Ni、 Ru、 Re、 Pd和镧系元素的硝酸盐、 硫酸盐或氯化物中的一种或两种以上任 意组合。
步骤 2 ) 上述活性金属和助剂金属的负载顺序为, 先等体积浸渍负载活性金属, 干燥, 再负载助剂金属, 然后继续步骤 3 )。 或先等体积浸渍负载助剂金属, 干燥, 再负载活性金属, 然后继续步骤 3 )。 或同时对活性金属、 助剂金属进行等体积负载, 然后继续步骤 3 )。
步骤 5 ) 中, 上述的还原气体为氢气与氮气的混合气体或氢气。
步骤 5 ) 中, 上述的还原气体的流量为 50-500 sccm, 还原温度在 300- 600 , 还原时间为 3-15个小时。
本发明提供的上述催化剂应用包括如下步骤:
1 ) 装填催化剂后, 调节反应器的温度, 保证反应恒温区的温度在 200-300 °C、 压力在 1.0-6.0MPa, 醋酸气化后和氢气充分混合进入反应区域进行催化加氢反应。
2 ) 步骤 1 ) 得到的产物经水冷却或空气冷却后, 去气液分离器分离, 最后进入 储液罐, 收集液相产物。
其中, 步骤 1 )中, 醋酸经气化后和氢气充分混合进入反应器进行催化加氢反应: 醋酸的流量 (每克催化剂): 0.3-3 gf , 氢气 /醋酸 (摩尔比) = 1 : 1~10: 1。
本发明能够达到以下技术效果:
1 )、 醋酸催化加氢制乙醇的反应条件相对较温和。 该催化剂在 2.1- 2.3MPa、 250 °C下具有较高的活性, 降低了生产成本。
2 )、 催化剂的活性高、 稳定性好、 选择性高, 醋酸的转化率大于 99%, 乙醇的 选择性大于 93%。 高温活性好, 反应的副产物少, 主要是乙酸乙酯、 乙醛以及少量的 甲垸、 乙烷, 目标产物容易分离提纯。
3 )、 催化剂的制备简单。
载体为活性炭催化剂的制备方法:
取 40-120目活性炭, 加入到 17% (w/w) 硝酸溶液中, 活性炭与硝酸溶液的比 为 1 :5-1 :20, 在 50-120 °C下搅拌酸洗 4-10小时, 过滤得处理后的活性炭, 并用去离 子水冲洗至中性, 然后在烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时, 干燥完后取 出待用。取铂的可溶性盐和所述助剂金属的可溶性盐分别配制成水溶液, 上述的水溶 液中活性金属离子和助剂金属离子的总浓度为 0.1-2.0 M, 分别取一定量的上述活性 金属和助剂金属水溶液分别置于烧杯中。取载体修饰剂加入预处理后的载体中, 并先 后或同时往复合载体中滴加活性金属和助剂金属水溶液, 边滴加边搅拌 1 -3个小时, 静置 5-15个小时, 取上述的催化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间
2- 5个小时。将上述的催化剂前驱体,置于马弗炉中,在惰性气体保护下,以 1-lO k/min 的加热速度升温至 400-700 V , 并保持 3-10个小时, 然后冷却至室温待还原。 取上 述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以还原性气体进行还原活化, 即得。
载体为活性氧化铝催化剂的制备方法:
取颗粒状的活性氧化铝载体研磨至 40-120目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 l-10 k/min的 加热速度升温至 400-700 V, 并保持 1-5个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用。 取铂的可溶 性盐和所述助剂金属的可溶性盐分别配制成水溶液,上述的水溶液中活性金属离子和 助剂金属离子的总浓度为 0.1-2.0 M, 分别取一定量的上述活性金属和助剂金属水溶 液分别置于烧杯中。取载体修饰剂加入预处理后的载体中, 并先后或同时往复合载体 中滴加活性金属和助剂金属水溶液, 边滴加边搅拌 1-3个小时, 静置 5-15个小时, 取上述的催化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱屮 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时。 将上述 的催化剂前驱体, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 k/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 °C, 并保 持 3-10个小时, 然后冷却至室温待还原。 取上述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以 还原性气体进行还原活化, 即得。
载体为硅藻土催化剂的制备方法:
取颗粒状的硅藻土载体研磨至 40-120目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-lO k/min的加热 速度升温至 400-700 V, 并保持 1-5个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用。 取铂的可溶性盐 和所述助剂金属的可溶性盐分别配制成水溶液,上述的水溶液中活性金属离子和助剂 金属离子的总浓度为 0.1-2.0 M, 分别取一定量的上述活性金属和助剂金属水溶液分 别置于烧杯屮。取载体修饰剂加入预处理后的载体中, 并先后或同时往复合载体中滴 加活性金属和助剂金属水溶液, 边滴加边搅拌 1-3个小时, 静置 5-15个小时, 取上 述的催化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时。 将上述的催 化剂前驱体, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 k/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 °C, 并保持
3- 10个小时, 然后冷却至室温待还原。取上述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以还原 性气体进行还原活化, 即得。
反应在不锈钢加压固定床管式反应器中进行,反应器长 600mm, 0>12mm*2.5mm。 反应压力由反应器前面的稳压减压阀和后面的背压阀控制, 压力波动范围在
±0.05MPa, 温度波动范围在 ±0.5 V。反应器中装入 2.0 g 40-120目催化剂前驱体, 床 层上下各装入 40目以上的石英砂(充满整个反应器内腔)防止气体发生沟流或壁流。 以氢气与氮气的混合气体或氢气, 流量在 50-500sccm, 控制还原温度在 300- 600 V ,
还原时间为 3-15个小时, 得催化剂。 然后调节至反应温度、 反应压力和醋酸的进料 量进行实验。醋酸由高压微量计量泵来控制其进入反应器的流量, 来自钢瓶中的氢气 经稳压减压阀减压后, 由质量流量计控制并计量其流量, 在床层上层填料中, 醋酸气 化并与氢气充分混合,进入催化床层进行催化加氢反应,反应产物由水或空气冷却后, 进入气液分离器分离, 最后进入储液罐, 收集液相并进行分析。 发明的效果 催化剂比表面积为 50-500 m2/g, 孔容为 0.1-2.0 cm3/g, 平均孔半径为 1-80 nm。 在 1.5-7.0 MPa、 150-300 的反应条件下, 醋酸转化率可以达到 80%以上, 乙醇选 择性达到 80%以上。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
取颗粒状的活性氧化铝载体研磨至 40-120目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 l-10 °C/min 的加热速度升温至 400-700 V , 并保持 1-5个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用。 用氯铂酸 做为活性金属前驱体, 将 l g氯铂酸在乙醇中溶解, 在 25 ml容量瓶中定容。 用二水 合氯化亚锡做为助剂金属前驱体,取 2 g二水合氯化亚锡在去离子水中溶解,在 25 ml 容量瓶中定容。取 4 g上述处理后的活性氧化铝, 置于 50 ml烧杯中, 取 6.01 ml氯铂 酸溶液和 1.08ml二水合氯化亚锡溶液置于同一 25 ml烧杯中, 称取 0.31 g载体修饰 物偏硅酸钙加入活性氧化铝中搅拌均匀,再向其中滴加氯铂酸和二水合氯化亚锡的混 合溶液, 边滴加边搅拌, 搅拌时间维持 1-3个小时, 然后静置 5-15个小时。 取上述 的催化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时。 将上述的催化 剂前驱体,置于马弗炉中,以 1-10 °C/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 °C,并保持 3-10 个小时, 然后冷却至室温待还原。取上述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以还原气体 的流量为 50-500 sccm,还原温度在 300-600 °C,还原时间为 3-15个小时,得催化剂。
调节至反应温度、反应压力和醋酸的进料量进行实验。醋酸由高压微量计量泵来 控制其进入反应器的流量, 来自钢瓶中的氢气经稳压减压阀减压后, 由质量流量计控 制并计量其流量, 在床层上层填料中, 醋酸气化并与氢气充分混合, 进入催化床层进 行催化加氢反应, 反应产物由水或空气冷却后, 进入气液分离器分离, 最后进入储液 罐, 收集液相并进行分析。 反应工艺条件及反应结果见下表 1。
本实施例制得的催化剂中各组分百分含量: Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; 载体修饰物: 7% ; 活性氧化铝 90%。
经测定,本实施例制得的催化剂: 比表面积为 50-500 m2/g,孔容为 0.1-2.0 cm3/g, 平均孔半径为 1-80 nm。
实施例 2
取颗粒状的活性氧化铝载体研磨至 40-120目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 Ι-lO k/min的 加热速度升温至 400-700 V, 并保持 1-5个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用。 用氯铂酸做 为活性金属前驱体, 将 l g氯铂酸在乙醇屮溶解, 在 25 ml容量瓶中定容。 用二水合 氯化亚锡做为助剂金属前驱体, 取 2 g二水合氯化亚锡在去离子水中溶解, 在 25 ml 容量瓶中定容。 取 4g上述处理后的活性氧化铝, 置于 50 ml烧杯中, 取 6.01 ml氯铂 酸溶液和 1.08ml二水合氯化亚锡溶液置于同一 25 ml烧杯中,称取 0.14 g载体修饰物 硅酸钙加入活性氧化铝中搅拌均匀,再向其中滴加氯铂酸和二水合氯化亚锡的混合溶 液, 边滴加边搅拌, 搅拌时间维持 1-3个小时, 然后静置 5-15个小时。 取上述的催 化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150°C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时。 将上述的催化剂前 驱体, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 °C/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 °C, 并保持 3-10 个小时, 然后冷却至室温待还原。取上述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以还原气体 的流量为 50-500 sccm,还原温度在 300-600 °C,还原时间为 3-15个小时,得催化剂。
调节至反应温度、反应压力和醋酸的进料量进行实验。醋酸由高压微量计量泵来 控制其进入反应器的流量, 来自钢瓶中的氢气经稳压减压阀减压后, 由质量流量计控 制并计量其流量, 在床层上层填料中, 醋酸气化并与氢气充分混合, 进入催化床层进 行催化加氢反应, 反应产物由水或空气冷却后, 进入气液分离器分离, 最后进入储液 罐, 收集液相并进行分析。 反应工艺条件及反应结果见下表 1。
本实施例制得的催化剂中各组分百分含量: Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; 载体修饰物: 3% ; 活性氧化铝 90%。
经测定,本实施例制得的催化剂: 比表面积为 50-500 m2/g,孔容为 0.1-2.0 cm3/g, 平均孔半径为 1-80 nm。
实施例 3
取颗粒状的二氧化硅载体研磨至 40-120目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-lO k/min的加 热速度升温至 400-700 °C, 并保持 1-5个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用。 用氯铂酸做为 活性金属前驱体, 将 1 g氯铂酸在乙醇中溶解, 在 25 ml容量瓶中定容。 用二水合氯
化亚锡做为助剂金属前驱体, 取 2 g二水合氯化亚锡在去离子水中溶解, 在 25 ml容 量瓶中定容。取 4 g上述处理后的活性氧化铝, 置于 50 ml烧杯中, 取 6.01 ml氯铂酸 溶液和 1.08 ml二水合氯化亚锡溶液置于同一 25 ml烧杯中, 称取 0.31 g载体修饰物 偏硅酸钙加入活性氧化铝中搅拌均匀,再向其中滴加氯铂酸和二水合氯化亚锡的混合 溶液, 边滴加边搅拌, 搅拌时间维持 1-3个小时, 然后静置 5-15个小时。 取上述的 催化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时。 将上述的催化剂 前驱体, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 °C/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 °C, 并保持 3-10 个小时, 然后冷却至室温待还原。 取上述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器屮, 以还原气体 的流量为 50-500 sccm,还原温度在 300-600 V ,还原时间为 3-15个小时,得催化剂。
调节至反应温度、反应压力和醋酸的进料量进行实验。醋酸由高压微量计量泵来 控制其进入反应器的流量, 来自钢瓶中的氢气经稳压减压阀减压后, 由质量流量计控 制并计量其流量, 在床层上层填料中, 醋酸气化并与氢气充分混合, 进入催化床层进 行催化加氢反应, 反应产物由水或空气冷却后, 进入气液分离器分离, 最后进入储液 罐, 收集液相并进行分析。 反应工艺条件及反应结果见下表 1。
本实施例制得的催化剂中各组分百分含量: Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; 载体修饰物: 7% ; 二氧化硅 90%。
经测定,本实施例制得的催化剂: 比表面积为 50-500 m2/g,孔容为 0.1-2.0 cm3/g, 平均孔半径为 1-80 nm。
实施例 4
取颗粒状的二氧化硅载体研磨至 40-120目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 °C/min的加 热速度升温至 400-700 V , 并保持 1-5个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用。 用氯铂酸做为 活性金属前驱体, 将 l g氯铂酸在乙醇中溶解, 在 25 ml容量瓶中定容。 用二水合氯 化亚锡做为助剂金属前驱体, 取 2 g二水合氯化亚锡在去离子水中溶解, 在 25 ml容 量瓶中定容。 取 4g上述处理后的活性氧化铝, 置于 50ml烧杯中, 取 6.01 ml氯铂酸 溶液和 1.08 ml二水合氯化亚锡溶液置于同一 25 ml烧杯中, 称取 0.31 g载体修饰物 硅酸钙加入活性氧化铝中搅泮均匀,再向其中滴加氯铂酸和二水合氯化亚锡的混合溶 液, 边滴加边搅拌, 搅拌时间维持 1-3个小时, 然后静置 5-15个小时。 取上述的催 化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时。 将上述的催化剂前 驱体, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 °C/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 °C, 并保持 3-10
个小时, 然后冷却至室温待还原。 取上述的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以还原气体 的流量为 50-500 sccm,还原温度在 300-600 ,还原时间为 3-15个小时,得催化剂。
调节至反应温度、反应压力和醋酸的进料量进行实验。醋酸由高压微量计量泵来 控制其进入反应器的流量, 来自钢瓶中的氢气经稳压减压阀减压后, 由质量流量计控 制并计量其流量, 在床层上层填料中, 醋酸气化并与氢气充分混合, 进入催化床层进 行催化加氢反应, 反应产物由水或空气冷却后, 进入气液分离器分离, 最后进入储液 罐, 收集液相并进行分析。 反应工艺条件及反应结果见下表 1。
本实施例制得的催化剂中各组分百分含量: Pt: 2%; Sn: 1%; 载体修饰物: 7% ; 二氧化硅 90%。
经测定,本实施例制得的催化剂: 比表面积为 50-500 m2/g,孔容为 0.1-2.0 cm3/g, 平均孔半径为 1-80 nm。
工业实用性
催化剂评价装置工艺条件及评价结果
Claims
1.一种醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 由如下重量百分比的组分 组成:
活性金属 0.5-5%
助剂金属 0.1-10%
载体修饰剂 1-15%
载体 70-95%。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 所述的 活性组分为铂。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 所述的 载体为二氧化硅、 活性炭、 活性氧化铝、 硅藻土中的一种。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 所述的 载体为二氧化硅、 活性炭、 活性氧化铝、 硅藻土中的两种以上任意比例的混合物。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的 醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 所述 的助剂金属为 Li、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 Rh、 Sn、 Ni、 Ru、 Re、 Pd、 Ce中的一种。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 所述的 助剂金属为 Li、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 Rh、 Sn、 Ni、 Ru、 Re、 Pd、 Ce中的两种以上任意比 例的组合。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 所述的 载体修饰剂为碱土氧化物、 碱金属氧化物、 碱土金属氧化物、 碱金属硅酸盐、 第七族 金属氧化物、 第七族金属硅酸盐、 第八族金属氧化物、 第八族金属硅酸盐中的一种。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂, 其特征在于: 所述的 载体修饰剂为碱土氧化物、 碱金属氧化物、 碱土金属氧化物、 碱金属硅酸盐、 第七族 金属氧化物、第七族金属硅酸盐、 第八族金属氧化物、第八族金属硅酸盐中的两种以 上任意比例的组合。
9.一种权利要求 1 所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在 于: 涉及以下步骤:
(1 ) 所述载体为二氧化硅、 活性氧化铝、 硅藻土: 取颗粒状的载体研磨至 40-120 目, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 Γ/min的加热速度升温至 400-700 V , 并保持 5个小 时, 然后冷却至室温待用;
(2) 等体积浸渍负载, 选取铂的可溶性盐和助剂金属的可溶性盐分别配制成乙醇 或水溶液, 乙醇或水溶液中活性金属离子和助剂金属离子的总浓度为 0.1-2.0 M, 分 别置于烧杯中; 取载体修饰剂加入预处理后的载体中, 先后或同时往加入修饰剂的载 体中滴加活性金属和助剂金属乙醇或水溶液, 边滴加边搅拌 1-3个小时, 静置 5-15 个小时得催化剂前驱体;
(3) 干燥, 取催化剂前驱体, 置于烘箱中 50-150 °C干燥, 干燥时间 2-5个小时;
(4) 焙烧, 取干燥后的催化剂前驱体, 置于马弗炉中, 以 1-10 °C/min的加热速 度升温至 400-700 °C, 并保持 3-10个小时, 然后冷却至室温待用;
(5) 还原,取焙烧后的催化剂前驱体转入反应器中, 以还原性气体进行还原活化, 即得。
10.根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在 于: 步骤 (2)中铂的可溶性盐为硝酸铂、 卤化铂、 醋酸铂、 氯铂酸中的一种。
11. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 步骤 (2)中铂的可溶性盐为硝酸铂、 卤化铂、 醋酸铂、 氯铂酸中的两种以上任 意组合。
12. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 步骤 (2)中所述助剂金属的可溶性盐为 Li、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 R 、 Sn、 Ni、 Ru、 Re、 Pd和镧系元素的硝酸盐、 硫酸盐或氯化物中的一种。
13. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 步骤 (2)中所述助剂金属的可溶性盐为 Li、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 Rh、 Sn、 Ni、 Ru、 Re、 Pd和镧系元素的硝酸盐、 硫酸盐或氯化物中的两种以上任意组合。
14. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (2)中, 活性金属和助剂金属的负载顺序为, 先等体积浸渍负载活 性金属, 干燥, 再负载助剂金属, 然后继续步骤 (3)。
15. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (2)中, 活性金属和助剂金属的负载顺序为先等体积浸渍负载助剂 金属, 干燥, 再负载活性金属, 然后继续步骤 (3)。
16. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (2)中, 活性金属和助剂金属的负载顺序为同时对活性金属、 助剂 金属进行等体积负载, 然后继续步骤 (3)。
17. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (5)中, 还原气体为氢气与氮气的混合气体。
18. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (5;)中, 还原气体为氢气。
19. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (5)中, 还原气体的流量为 50-500 sccm。
20. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (5)中, 还原温度在 300-600 V,
21. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (5)中, 还原时间为 3-15个小时。
22. 根据权利要求 9所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 所述载体为活性炭时, 取 40- 120目活性炭, 加入到 17% (w/w) 硝酸溶液中, 搅拌酸洗, 过滤得处理后的活性炭, 并用去离子水冲洗至中性, 然后在烘箱中干燥, 干燥完后取出待用。
23. 根据权利要求 22所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特 征在于: 活性炭与硝酸溶液的比为 1:5-1:20。
24. 根据权利要求 22所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特 征在于: 在 50-120 °C下搅拌酸洗 4-10小时。
25. 根据权利要求 22所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 干燥温度 50-150 V。
26. 根据权利要求 22所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 干燥时间 2-5个小时。
27.—种权利要求 1所述的醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂的应用, 其特征在于: 用作醋酸催化加氢制备乙醇的催化剂。
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| CN116082394A (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-05-09 | 杭州布朗生物医药科技有限公司 | 一种三(4-氨基苯基)硫代磷酸酯的合成方法 |
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| CN107282104B (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于1,4-环己烷二甲醇合成的催化剂 |
| CN108014791B (zh) * | 2016-11-01 | 2020-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 丁二烯制备1,4-二乙酰氧基丁烷历程的催化剂 |
| CN110368967B (zh) * | 2018-04-12 | 2022-06-21 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 醋酸加氢催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN114602464A (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-10 | 中化泉州能源科技有限责任公司 | 一种碳五石油树脂加氢催化剂及其制备方法 |
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