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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
  • A61K33/26—Iron; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/15—Vitamins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/365—Lactones
  • A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
  • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
  • A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
  • A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/5115—Inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/06—Antianaemics

Definitions

• Iron is a component of proteins required for crucial cellular processes. Iron-containing proteins have essential roles in oxygen transport, ATP production, DNA synthesis and other physiological processes [1-3].
• Low consumption of foods rich in bioavailable iron (Fe) such as red meat or hemorrhage are the main causes of iron deficiency Anemia.
• the symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include dyspnea, headaches, light-headedness, short breath, fatigue, be forgetful, feel grouchy, lose appetite and weight and have trouble concentrating. All of these symptoms appear as a result of the reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Therefore, anemia has been associated with reduced health-related quality of life and its treatment is essential to improve our health and performance.
• iron is extremely important, the iron overload and significant increase in iron stores can be toxic to the body.
• the process of lipid peroxidation is initiated by reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals, and stimulated by excess iron ions.
• reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals
• iron-deficient rats rapidly accumulate copper eightfold higher than those in normal rats, and consequently, excess copper can also catalyze lipid peroxidation as iron.
• iron overload may influence the development of cancer. It has been suggested that excess iron may alter immune status and act as a co-carcinogen as well a catalyst for hydroxyl radical production and lipid peroxidation. Reactive oxygen species are considered to be carcinogenic because of their ability to produce DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks, and to modulate gene expression. High dietary iron levels could also enhance oxidative stress by interfering with absorption of other minerals as copper and manganese (Mn), in which their depletion may result in decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly that of copper-zinc (Cu, Zn) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD).
• Cu, Zn copper-zinc
• SOD manganese superoxide dismutase
• iron supplements should be prescribed especially for children and pregnant women, but under recommendation. Because iron is difficultly excreted outside the body, a lot of care should be taken in order to avoid cellular iron accumulation and generation of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and cancer.
• These challenges raise the need for a new form/preparation that can I)- secure the iron availability in the body through its high absorption rate 2)- has the ability to treat the iron-deficiency anemia in short time-course 3)- has the high efficacy to overcome the life-threatening situation due to significantly low-Hb levels.
• Vitamin B9 folic acid
• vitamin B3 Nicotinic acid
• Vitamin C antioxidant
• Immature nucleated erythrocytes respire and presumably, must utilize the pyridine nucleotides in this respiration.
• Boosting iron stores is an advantage, particularly for patients receiving Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs) [8].
• iron gluconate iron gluconate
• iron saccharate iron saccharate
• low molecular weight iron dextran The best gives rise in the HP level after one week, and it comes back to the normal level after a month of treatment through twice weekly intravenous administration does.
• iron oxides nano-composites capped with Folic acid (vitamin B9), Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3), and/ or Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can be used as new formula or food supplementary for Anemia treatment and it rise the RBCs and correct the HP level to their normal values within less than a week.
• the aim of this study is to test the ability of single doses Nano-sized iron oxide (Magnetite) particles capped with vitamin mixture (folic, nicotinic and ascorbic acids) to treat life-threatening iron deficiency anemic rats within one week.
• the results were compared with Ferric Chloride treated group (The parent iron source) in order to measure and differentiate between the efficacies of Nano- and Micro-sized iron supplements.
• Ferric Chloride treated group The parent iron source
• ICP Inductivity Coupled Plasma
• Rats of groups 1-5 were exposed daily to blood withdrawal from inner canthus of eyes.
• the hemoglobin concentration of collected blood samples in heparinized tubes was measured by colorimetric method using commercially available kit (Drabkin's solution).
• the blood withdrawal was stopped when rat lives were threatened and hemoglobin reached the range of 4 - 5 g/dL in all lab animals. Rats of control group were not exposed to any blood withdrawal.
• Groups 1 - 3 were administered 1.0 ml/rat of Nano-sized iron (Magnetite) of different concentrations (2.57, 5.14, and 10.28 mg Kg " 1 respectively rat body weight, which equivalent to 25, 50, 100 mg dose in human, respectively), while group 4 was administered 10.28 mg Kg " ' of Ferric chloride (1 ml/Rat; the parent material of magnetite).
• Magnetite Nano-sized iron
• Rats of different groups were left for 3 days after oral administration of different treatments, fed ad libitum on balanced diet containing iron and clean tap water. Blood samples were collected on 4 th and 7 th day after dosing and Hb concentration was measured using colorimetric method.
• Table 3 Hemoglobin concentration of rat groups at 1 day before, 4 and 7 days after all treatments
• D. el raise from 4.4 up to 14.6 g/dl within seven days and stabilized at 13.6 for more than 80 days after administration.
• Administration of Ferric Chloride to anemic rats corrected the Hb. concentration but achieved neither the levels in Nano-sized magnetite groups nor the level in control non- anemic rats.
• Administration of vitamins mixture (Ascorbic, Folic and Nicotinic acids) to anemic rats was able to increase the absorption of iron significantly and elevated the concentration of hemoglobin but it didn't reach or exceed the same levels of any other group.
• the single dose of 2.57 mg/kg rat body which equal to 25 mg in human of nano-sized iron oxide nanoparticles capped with a mixture of vitamins (B3, B9 and C) regained the anemia due to iron deficiency in less than 4 days.
• the used dose is apparently safe as it is 554 times less than the LD50 of Magnitite nanoparticles in human.
• magnetite nanoparticles has been already FDA approved (10)
• Figure 2 TEM images of nano-sized iron oxide nanoparticles capped with a vitamins mixture (B3, B9 & C).
• Figure 3 graphical illustration of anemia induction in all groups except the control
• Figure 4 HB level after anemia induction, then single dose treatment with 25 mg iron nano- composite with vitamins.
• Figure 5 Bone-marrow section of the anemic rat (left) and after introducing single dose of nano-sized iron-Vitamins composite (right), Vitamin mixtures (B3, B9 and C) used as stabilizer and capping for iron nanoparticles.

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• 2013
  • 2013-10-29 JP JP2015560555A patent/JP2016511261A/ja active Pending
  • 2013-10-29 US US14/772,648 patent/US20160022733A1/en not_active Abandoned
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