WO2014129377A1 - 電界集中位置観察装置および電界集中位置観察方法 - Google Patents
電界集中位置観察装置および電界集中位置観察方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014129377A1 WO2014129377A1 PCT/JP2014/053340 JP2014053340W WO2014129377A1 WO 2014129377 A1 WO2014129377 A1 WO 2014129377A1 JP 2014053340 W JP2014053340 W JP 2014053340W WO 2014129377 A1 WO2014129377 A1 WO 2014129377A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/265—Contactless testing
- G01R31/2656—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1765—Method using an image detector and processing of image signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
- G01R29/14—Measuring field distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/308—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
- G01R31/311—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation of integrated circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric field concentration position observation apparatus and an electric field concentration position observation method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an invention relating to an observation method of a high-density semiconductor device using a photoexcitation current (Optical Beam Induced Current; OBIC).
- OBIC Optical Beam Induced Current
- an OBIC current is measured by irradiating a YAG laser beam having a wavelength of 1064 nm, a HeNe laser beam having a wavelength of 1152 nm, or the like from the back side of the silicon semiconductor device.
- a semiconductor device such as a transistor
- inconvenience may occur if there is a portion where the electric field concentrates.
- a semiconductor device such as a power transistor that requires high breakdown voltage performance
- an electric field concentrates on a certain part an avalanche collapse phenomenon occurs and a large current flows intensively to the part, resulting in damage to the device.
- a risk There is a risk that. Therefore, when designing and manufacturing a semiconductor device, it is desirable to eliminate as much concentration of the electric field as possible in order to enhance the withstand voltage performance.
- the electric field strength distribution is generally estimated by calculation and simulation. However, it is difficult to accurately know the electric field concentration location by such a method. In addition, there is no method for measuring the electric field strength distribution in a semiconductor device that is operating normally, and even if the device where the electric field concentration actually occurred is examined, the electric field concentration portion and its surroundings are severely damaged. It is often difficult to identify.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide an electric field concentration position observation apparatus and an electric field concentration position observation method capable of accurately knowing an electric field concentration position.
- an electric field concentration position observation apparatus is an apparatus for observing an electric field concentration position of a semiconductor device, and irradiates a semiconductor device with a laser light source and laser light output from the laser light source.
- An irradiation optical system a voltage application unit that applies a predetermined voltage between electrodes of the semiconductor device, a detection unit that detects electrical characteristics generated in the semiconductor device due to laser light, and a detection signal from the detection unit
- An image generation unit for generating an electrical characteristic image of the semiconductor device, and the voltage application unit increases the predetermined voltage stepwise until the voltage at which the avalanche amplification action occurs in the semiconductor device is reached.
- the irradiation optical system emits laser light
- the detection unit detects electrical characteristics
- the image generation unit generates an electrical characteristic image.
- An electric field concentration position observation method is a method for observing an electric field concentration position of a semiconductor device, the step of applying a voltage between electrodes of the semiconductor device, and irradiating the semiconductor device with laser light. And an irradiation / detection step for detecting an electrical characteristic generated in the semiconductor device due to the laser light, and an image generation step for generating an electrical characteristic image of the semiconductor device based on a detection signal obtained by the irradiation / detection step.
- the voltage application step, the irradiation / detection step, and the image generation step are repeatedly performed while gradually increasing the predetermined voltage in the voltage application step until the voltage at which the avalanche amplification action occurs in the semiconductor device.
- the electric field concentration position is observed by visualizing the electrical characteristics (for example, the magnitude of photoexcitation current) generated in the semiconductor device due to the laser beam. Then, the magnitude of the voltage applied between the electrodes of the semiconductor device during the observation is increased stepwise until reaching a voltage at which an avalanche amplification action occurs.
- the electrical characteristics for example, the magnitude of photoexcitation current
- the avalanche amplification action does not occur while the applied voltage is small, the change in the above electric characteristics is slight, and the electric field concentration point cannot be specified.
- the applied voltage is increased to such an extent that an avalanche amplification action occurs, the above-mentioned electrical characteristics greatly change due to the avalanche amplification action when the laser beam is irradiated to the electric field concentration part, so that the electric field concentration position can be specified. it can.
- the avalanche amplification action is excessive, an avalanche collapse phenomenon occurs and the semiconductor device is damaged.
- the voltage applied to the semiconductor device is stopped to the extent that the avalanche amplification action occurs. Damage can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the observation apparatus and the observation method, it is possible to preferably observe the semiconductor device and accurately know the electric field concentration position.
- the electric field concentration position can be accurately known.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the electric field concentration position observation apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing how the scanning optical system irradiates the semiconductor device with laser light.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the observation apparatus and the electric field concentration position observation method.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing examples of electrical characteristic images (a) to (f).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing examples of electrical characteristic images (a) to (f).
- 6A to 6E are diagrams showing examples of electrical characteristic images.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the electric field concentration position observation apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a configuration of an electric field concentration position observation apparatus (hereinafter referred to as an observation apparatus) 10A according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- This observation apparatus 10A is an apparatus for specifying and observing an electric field concentration position in a semiconductor device 32 that requires high voltage resistance such as a power transistor.
- the observation apparatus 10 ⁇ / b> A of this embodiment includes a dark box 12, a stage 14, a scanning optical system 16, a laser light source 18, and a laser scan controller 20.
- the dark box 12 is a container for shielding light from the outside, and accommodates therein a semiconductor device 32 that is an observation object (sample).
- the stage 14 is disposed inside the dark box 12 and supports the semiconductor device 32.
- the semiconductor device 32 is placed on the stage 14 so that the back surface thereof faces the scan optical system 16.
- the laser light source 18 outputs a laser beam having a wavelength suitable for generating an optical excitation current (OBIC) by single photon absorption inside the semiconductor device 32.
- the scanning optical system 16 is an irradiation optical system in the present embodiment, and irradiates the laser beam output from the laser light source 18 to the back side of the semiconductor device 32.
- the laser light is collimated by the scanning optical system 16 and then focused inside the semiconductor device 32.
- the laser light source 18 and the scanning optical system 16 are optically coupled to each other via an incident optical fiber 62.
- the suitable wavelength of the laser light varies depending on the band gap energy of the observation target part in the semiconductor device 32. Specifically, it is preferable that the photon energy of the laser light is slightly larger than the band gap energy of the site to be observed.
- the photon energy of the laser light is slightly larger than the band gap energy of the site to be observed.
- the site to be observed is made of Si
- its band gap energy is 1.12 electron volts (1.1 ⁇ m in terms of wavelength)
- the preferred wavelength range of the laser light in that case is 0.9 ⁇ m. It is 1.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the laser light source 18 may be a so-called femtosecond laser light source that outputs pulsed laser light having a pulse width shorter than 1 picosecond.
- the laser light source 18 may be a so-called CW (Continuous Wave) laser light source that continuously outputs laser light.
- the laser scan controller 20 controls the irradiation position of the laser beam by the scan optical system 16.
- the laser scan controller 20 is electrically connected to the scan optical system 16 via a scanner control cable 68 and is optically coupled to the scan optical system 16 via a return optical fiber 74.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing how the scanning optical system 16 irradiates the semiconductor device 32 with the laser light La.
- the laser irradiation surface 32a of the semiconductor device 32 viewed from the irradiation direction of the laser light La is shown, and the movement path of the laser light La on the laser irradiation surface 32a is indicated by arrows A1 and A2.
- the laser scan controller 20 controls the scanning optical system 16 to change the irradiation point of the laser light La from one end side of the laser irradiation surface 32a along a certain direction (arrow A1). After moving to the end side, the irradiation point is returned again to one end side of the laser irradiation surface 32a (arrow A2), and the irradiation point is moved again along the direction (arrow A1).
- the laser scan controller 20 scans the laser irradiation surface 32a with the laser light La by repeating such an operation in the scan optical system 16.
- the movement path of the laser beam La on the laser irradiation surface 32a is not limited to the one-way scan as shown in FIG. 2, but may take various movement paths such as a bidirectional scan in which the direction in which the irradiation point is moved is changed alternately. Can do.
- the observation apparatus 10A of this embodiment further includes a bias power source 22, a sensor 24, a probing system 26, and a control system 28.
- the bias power supply 22 and the probing system 26 are voltage application units in this embodiment, and apply a predetermined reverse bias voltage between the electrode terminals of the semiconductor device 32. At this time, the bias power supply 22 and the probing system 26 are controlled such that a constant voltage value (constant voltage) is applied to the semiconductor device 32.
- the bias power source 22 is a power source that generates a reverse bias voltage, and is electrically connected to the probing system 26 via a power cable 64 and a cable 66.
- the probing system 26 applies the reverse bias voltage (predetermined voltage) to the electrode terminal of the semiconductor device 32 by bringing the probe into contact with the electrode terminal of the semiconductor device 32.
- the semiconductor device 32 is a transistor
- the probing system 26 applies a reverse bias voltage between two electrode terminals of the emitter, collector, and base.
- the magnitude of the reverse bias voltage is such that the semiconductor device 32 does not cause the avalanche collapse phenomenon.
- the sensor 24 is a detection unit in the present embodiment, and detects electrical characteristics generated in the semiconductor device 32 due to laser light. Such electrical characteristics include, for example, the OBIC current value associated with the OBIC phenomenon, the amount of current variation associated with the OBIC current, and the magnetic flux density (or variation thereof) and the strength of the magnetic field (or variation thereof) caused by the current variation associated with the OBIC current. ) And the like.
- the sensor 24 may be configured to detect a voltage value or a voltage value change accompanying the OBIC current.
- the sensor 24 is electrically connected to the probing system 26 through a cable 66, and detects the above-described electrical characteristics through the cable 66.
- the control system 28 is electrically connected to the laser scan controller 20 via a control signal cable 70, and is further electrically connected to the sensor 24 via a control signal cable 72.
- the control system 28 controls the operations of the laser scan controller 20 and the sensor 24 in an integrated manner.
- the control system 28 also controls the magnitude of the reverse bias voltage applied from the probing system 26 to the semiconductor device 32.
- the control system 28 is an image generation unit in the present embodiment, and generates an electrical characteristic image of the semiconductor device 32 based on a detection signal from the sensor 24. The generated electrical characteristic image is sent to the monitor device 30 and displayed.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the observation apparatus 10A and the electric field concentration position observation method.
- a reverse bias voltage is applied between the electrode terminals of the semiconductor device 32 using the bias power source 22 and the probing system 26 (voltage application step, step S11 in FIG. 3).
- the magnitude of the reverse bias voltage applied first is sufficiently smaller than the minimum value of the voltage at which the avalanche collapse phenomenon occurs (hereinafter referred to as the maximum allowable voltage value).
- the reverse bias voltage applied first may be set to 0V in advance.
- the control system 28 may give an instruction regarding the magnitude of the reverse bias voltage, or may be input by a person who operates the observation apparatus 10A.
- a maximum allowable voltage value may be input, and a value obtained by subtracting a predetermined value stored in advance in the observation apparatus 10A from the maximum allowable voltage value may be set as the magnitude of the initial reverse bias voltage.
- the laser light source 18 and the scan optical system 16 are used to irradiate the semiconductor device 32 with laser light (irradiation / detection step, step S12 in FIG. 3).
- the laser light La is scanned on the laser irradiation surface 32 a of the semiconductor device 32.
- photon absorption occurs in a region inside the semiconductor device 32 centered on the focal position of the laser beam, and a carrier pair composed of electrons and holes is generated.
- a wavelength that causes single photon absorption is selected as the wavelength of the laser beam.
- the laser beam is a femtosecond laser beam
- a nonlinear effect associated with multiphoton absorption is used.
- the spatial resolution is expected to be improved, and the resolution in the optical axis direction can be increased in the subsequent image generation step S13.
- the carrier pair thus generated disappears due to recombination in a portion where there is no electric field, that is, a depletion layer, but is guided to the electrode terminal at a portion where an electric field is applied, and is taken out as an OBIC current.
- the OBIC current is multiplied several to several tens of times, resulting in a larger current.
- the electrical characteristic value for example, as described above, for example, the current value of OBIC, the amount of current change, the magnetic flux density (or change thereof) accompanying the current change caused by the OBIC current, The strength of the magnetic field (or its change), the voltage value, the voltage change, etc.
- the sensor 24 is used to detect an electrical characteristic value generated in the semiconductor device 32 due to the laser light, and a detection signal indicating the detection result is sent to the control system 28.
- the control system 28 generates an electrical characteristic image of the semiconductor device 32 by performing mapping based on the detection signal obtained in the irradiation / detection step S12 and the scan position information when the detection signal is obtained.
- Image generation step, step S13 in FIG. 3 For example, a distribution image of data values corresponding to the above-described electrical characteristic values is generated in a region assuming the semiconductor device 32.
- the magnitude of the data value is expressed by, for example, the density of pixels.
- the electrical characteristic image generated in the image generation step S13 is displayed on the monitor device 30 (display step, step S14 in FIG. 3).
- the reverse bias voltage in the voltage application step S11 until the voltage at which the avalanche amplification action occurs in the semiconductor device 32 is reached.
- the above-described steps, that is, the voltage application step S11, the irradiation / detection step S12, the image generation step S13, and the display step S14 are repeatedly performed (step S15 in FIG. 3).
- the scanning optical system 16 emits laser light
- the sensor 24 detects an electrical characteristic value
- the control system 28 generates an electrical characteristic image
- the monitor device 30 Display the characteristic image.
- the irradiation / detection step S12 may be performed after the reverse bias voltage has been increased a plurality of times step by step without being limited to performing the irradiation / detection step S12 each time the reverse bias voltage increases. Further, the irradiation / detection step S12 is always performed, and when the voltage application step S11 is performed, the image generation step S13 and the display step S14 may be performed.
- step S15 it can be accurately determined whether or not an avalanche amplification action has occurred based on the electrical characteristic image.
- the operator may input an arbitrary reverse bias voltage value at each stage, or reverse by, for example, pressing the voltage increase button displayed on the monitor device 30 by the operator.
- the bias voltage value may be increased.
- the control system 28 may calculate an increase amount of the reverse bias voltage at each stage based on the maximum allowable voltage value, and the control system 28 may automatically increase the reverse bias voltage by an instruction input from the operator. Good.
- a plurality of electrical characteristic images corresponding to each of the plurality of reverse bias voltage values sequentially applied in the voltage application step S11 are monitored in order to easily confirm whether or not the avalanche amplification action has occurred. It is preferred that the device 30 display simultaneously.
- the control system 28 also serves as a determination unit that determines whether or not an avalanche amplification action has occurred based on a plurality of electrical characteristic images corresponding to a plurality of reverse bias voltage values sequentially applied to the semiconductor device 32. May be.
- the control system 28 calculates a difference between a plurality of electrical characteristic images and the contrast difference is larger than a predetermined threshold, it can be determined that an avalanche amplification action has occurred in the determination step S15. .
- a difference from an electrical characteristic image at an applied voltage for example, 0 V
- a difference from an electrical characteristic image acquired before raising the applied voltage may be taken.
- the determination unit may determine whether avalanche amplification has occurred from one electrical characteristic image at a certain applied voltage. For example, in the determination step S15, the determination unit obtains the area of a region where the contrast value of one electrical characteristic image at a certain applied voltage is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, and when the area is larger than the predetermined area, the avalanche It may be determined that an amplification effect has occurred.
- step S15 in FIG. 3; Yes when it is determined from the electrical characteristic image displayed on the monitor device 30 that an avalanche amplification action has occurred in the semiconductor device 32 (step S15 in FIG. 3; Yes), based on the last acquired electrical characteristic image. Then, the position where the electric characteristic value is locally large, that is, the electric field concentration position is specified (step S16 in FIG. 3).
- the applied voltage is increased by an increase value lower than the increase value of the voltage in the voltage application step S11 so far, and an electrical characteristic image is acquired. Then, this electric characteristic image is compared with the electric characteristic image acquired so far, and a position where the change of the electric characteristic value with respect to the voltage increase value is large is specified as the electric field concentration position. Thereby, the position where an electric field tends to concentrate can be specified. In addition, you may rank as a position where an electric field tends to concentrate in an order from the position where the change of the electrical property value with respect to the increase value of a voltage is large.
- FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 are diagrams showing examples of electrical characteristic images as one embodiment.
- FIGS. 4A to 4F show electrical characteristic images when the reverse bias voltage is set to 0 V, 5 V, 10 V, 15 V, 20 V, and 25 V, respectively.
- FIGS. 5A to 5F show electrical characteristic images when the reverse bias voltages are set to 30 V, 35 V, 40 V, 45 V, 50 V, and 55 V, respectively.
- FIGS. 6A to 6E show electrical characteristic images when the reverse bias voltage is set to 60 V, 65 V, 70 V, 75 V, and 80 V, respectively.
- the observation apparatus 10A and the observation method according to the present embodiment it is possible to specify a defective portion in a sample of the semiconductor device 32 whose breakdown voltage performance is lower than a specified value and leakage current is large.
- the reverse bias voltage is gradually increased, a sample in which an excessive amount of current flows compared to a non-defective product, the reverse bias voltage value at which the OBIC current starts to increase before the avalanche collapse phenomenon occurs.
- a plurality of electrical characteristic images obtained in this way are compared with each other, and an electrical characteristic image in which the electrical characteristics due to the OBIC current change abruptly can be identified to identify a defective portion.
- the electric field concentration portion is observed by visualizing the electrical characteristics based on the OBIC current generated in the semiconductor device 32 due to the laser light. Therefore, the electric field concentration position can be specified with high resolution. Further, since the magnitude of the reverse bias voltage applied to the semiconductor device 32 is stopped to such an extent that an avalanche amplification action occurs before the avalanche collapse phenomenon occurs, damage to the semiconductor device 32 can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the observation apparatus 10A and the observation method of the present embodiment, the semiconductor device 32 can be preferably observed and the electric field concentration location can be accurately known while reducing the probability that the semiconductor device 32 is damaged. Further, the cause of the electric field concentration can be analyzed by observing the semiconductor device 32 free from damage with an electron microscope or the like.
- an electrical characteristic image is acquired while increasing the reverse bias voltage stepwise from a sufficiently low voltage value, and after detecting a large change in the electrical characteristic due to the avalanche amplification function, The increase in reverse bias voltage can be stopped. Therefore, damage to the semiconductor device 32 can be avoided even when the maximum allowable voltage value of the semiconductor device 32 is unknown.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the observation apparatus 10B of the present embodiment.
- the differences between the observation apparatus 10B and the observation method of the present embodiment and the observation apparatus 10A and the observation method of the first embodiment are as follows.
- the laser light source 18 outputs laser light having a wavelength suitable for generating multiphoton absorption such as two-photon absorption or three-photon absorption inside the semiconductor device 32.
- the photon energy of the laser light is smaller than the band gap energy of the site to be observed and larger than 1 ⁇ 2 of the band gap energy.
- the photon energy of the laser light may be about 1/3 of the band gap energy of the observation target site. Therefore, when the site to be observed is made of Si, the wavelength of the laser beam is preferably 1.2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.6 or less ⁇ m or less.
- the laser light source 18 is preferably a so-called femtosecond laser light source that outputs pulsed laser light having a pulse width shorter than 1 picosecond. This is because irradiation with laser light having high power in a short time facilitates multiphoton absorption inside the semiconductor device 32. If the laser light source 18 has the intensity of laser light that causes multiphoton absorption inside the semiconductor device 32, a CW (Continuous Wave) laser light source that continuously outputs laser light may be used as the laser light source 18. Good.
- the observation apparatus 10B of the present embodiment further includes an AO module 34, a pulse generator 36, an AO module amplifier 38, and a lock-in amplifier 40.
- the AO module 34 modulates the pulsed laser light output from the laser light source 18 to a lower frequency, and sends the modulated laser light to the scanning optical system 16.
- the AO module 34 is electrically connected to the AO module amplifier 38 via the control cable 76, and the AO module amplifier 38 is electrically connected to the pulse generator 36 via the control cable 78.
- the pulse generator 36 supplies a control signal for controlling the AO module amplifier 38 to the AO module amplifier 38 through the control cable 78.
- the AO module amplifier 38 generates a modulation signal for modulating the laser beam based on the control signal, and outputs the modulation signal to the AO module 34.
- the lock-in amplifier 40 is electrically connected to the pulse generator 36 via a cable 80 and is electrically connected to the sensor 24 via a cable 82.
- the lock-in amplifier 40 receives a control signal for controlling the AO module amplifier 38 from the pulse generator 36, sets a detection frequency based on the control signal, A signal component corresponding to the detection frequency is extracted from the output signal from the sensor 24 (lock-in detection). The signal component thus extracted is sent to the control system 28 via the cables 72 and 70.
- the control system 28 performs mapping based on the signal component and the scan position information, thereby generating an electrical characteristic image of the semiconductor device 32.
- the observation apparatus 10B of the present embodiment includes the AO module 34, the pulse generator 36, the AO module amplifier 38, and the lock-in amplifier 40.
- a CW laser light source is used as the laser light source, these are unnecessary. Needless to say.
- the configuration and operation of the sensor 24 are as described in the first embodiment.
- the AO module 34, the pulse generator 36, the AO module amplifier 38, and the lock-in amplifier 40 are provided as in the observation apparatus 10B of the present embodiment. Good. In that case, the configuration and operation are as described above.
- the semiconductor device 32 is preferably observed and reduced in high resolution while reducing the probability that the semiconductor device 32 is damaged.
- the electric field concentration position can be accurately known.
- the S / N ratio is improved by performing lock-in detection in the lock-in amplifier 40, but the configuration for performing lock-in detection may be omitted.
- the determination unit (determination step) for determining whether or not an avalanche amplification action has occurred may compare a plurality of electrical characteristic images with different applied voltages. In this case, the presence or absence of avalanche amplification can be relatively determined. Specifically, it is preferable to compare with an electrical characteristic image acquired before increasing the applied voltage. When a voltage is applied, the overall contrast value may increase due to the influence of noise or the like. Therefore, by comparing the electrical characteristic image with the electrical characteristic image acquired before increasing the applied voltage, it is possible to reduce the influence of noise. Further, the determination unit may calculate a difference between a plurality of electrical characteristic images with different applied voltages, and may determine that an avalanche amplification action has occurred when the contrast difference is larger than a predetermined threshold. In this case, the presence / absence of an avalanche amplification action can be reliably determined.
- the determination unit determines that an avalanche amplification action has occurred when the area of the portion where the contrast difference between the plurality of electrical characteristic images with different applied voltages is larger than a predetermined threshold is larger than the predetermined area. May be.
- the applied voltage is increased by an increase value lower than the increase value of the voltage in the voltage application step S11 so far.
- a characteristic image may be acquired, the electric characteristic image may be compared with the electric characteristic image acquired so far, and a position where the change in the electric characteristic value with respect to the voltage increase value may be specified as the electric field concentration position.
- the position where an electric field tends to concentrate can be specified.
- ranking may be performed as a position where the electric field tends to concentrate in order from the position where the change in the electrical characteristic value with respect to the increase value of the voltage is large.
- the electric field concentration position observation apparatus and electric field concentration position observation method according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various other modifications are possible.
- a power transistor is cited as an example of a semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device that can be observed according to the present invention is not limited to this.
- an avalanche amplification function such as another power device or an avalanche photodiode is used.
- Various semiconductor devices that can occur can be observed.
- the apparatus is an apparatus for observing the electric field concentration position of the semiconductor device, and includes a laser light source, an irradiation optical system that irradiates the semiconductor device with laser light output from the laser light source, and the semiconductor device.
- a voltage application unit that applies a predetermined voltage between the electrodes, a detection unit that detects electrical characteristics generated in the semiconductor device due to laser light, and an electrical characteristic image of the semiconductor device based on a detection signal from the detection unit
- the voltage application unit gradually increases the magnitude of the predetermined voltage until reaching a voltage at which an avalanche amplification action occurs in the semiconductor device.
- the irradiation optical system Light is irradiated, the detection unit detects electrical characteristics, and the image generation unit generates an electrical characteristic image.
- the electric field concentration position observation method is a method for observing the electric field concentration position of the semiconductor device, which includes a voltage application step of applying a predetermined voltage between the electrodes of the semiconductor device, and irradiating the semiconductor device with laser light. And an irradiation / detection step for detecting electrical characteristics generated in the semiconductor device due to the laser light, and an image generation step for generating an electrical characteristic image of the semiconductor device based on the detection signal obtained by the irradiation / detection step.
- the voltage application step, the irradiation / detection step, and the image generation step are repeatedly performed while gradually increasing the predetermined voltage in the voltage application step until the voltage at which the avalanche amplification action occurs in the semiconductor device.
- the laser light source may be configured to output pulsed laser light having a pulse width shorter than 1 picosecond and a wavelength of 1200 nm or more.
- the electric field concentration position observation method may be configured to irradiate the semiconductor device with pulsed laser light having a pulse width shorter than 1 picosecond and a wavelength of 1200 nm or longer in the irradiation / detection step.
- the electric field concentration position observation apparatus further includes a determination unit that determines whether or not an avalanche amplification action has occurred based on a plurality of electrical characteristic images corresponding to each of a plurality of predetermined voltages sequentially applied from the voltage application unit. It is good also as a structure provided.
- the electric field concentration position observation method includes a determination step of determining whether an avalanche amplification action has occurred based on a plurality of electrical characteristic images corresponding to each of a plurality of predetermined voltages sequentially applied in the voltage application step. It is good also as composition provided further.
- the electric field concentration position observation device may further include a determination unit that determines whether an avalanche amplification action has occurred based on an electrical characteristic image corresponding to a predetermined voltage applied from the voltage application unit.
- the electric field concentration position observation method may further include a determination step of determining whether an avalanche amplification action has occurred based on an electrical characteristic image corresponding to the predetermined voltage applied in the voltage application step.
- the electric field concentration position observing device may further include a display unit that simultaneously displays a plurality of electrical characteristic images corresponding to a plurality of predetermined voltages sequentially applied from the voltage application unit.
- the electric field concentration position observation method may further include a display step of simultaneously displaying a plurality of electrical characteristic images corresponding to each of a plurality of predetermined voltages sequentially applied in the voltage application step.
- the electric field concentration position observation device may be configured such that the voltage application unit sets the value of the initial predetermined voltage to a value obtained by subtracting the predetermined value from the maximum allowable voltage value determined for the semiconductor device.
- the electric field concentration position observing method may be configured such that, in the voltage application step, a value obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from a maximum allowable voltage value determined for the semiconductor device is used as the initial predetermined voltage.
- the present invention can be used as an electric field concentration position observation apparatus and an electric field concentration position observation method capable of accurately knowing the electric field concentration position.
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- Testing Of Individual Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 半導体装置の電界集中位置を観察する装置であって、
レーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光源から出力されたレーザ光を前記半導体装置へ照射する照射光学系と、
前記半導体装置の電極間に所定電圧を印加する電圧印加部と、
前記レーザ光に起因して前記半導体装置に生じる電気特性を検出する検出部と、
前記検出部からの検出信号に基づいて前記半導体装置の電気特性画像を生成する画像生成部と
を備え、
前記電圧印加部は、前記所定電圧の大きさを、前記半導体装置にアバランシェ増幅作用が生じる電圧に達するまで段階的に増加させ、
前記所定電圧が増加すると、前記照射光学系が前記レーザ光を照射し、前記検出部が前記電気特性を検出し、前記画像生成部が前記電気特性画像を生成することを特徴とする、電界集中位置観察装置。 - 前記レーザ光源は、パルス幅が1ピコ秒よりも短く、波長が1200nm以上であるパルス状の前記レーザ光を出力することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電界集中位置観察装置。
- 前記電圧印加部から順次印加された複数の前記所定電圧のそれぞれに対応する複数の前記電気特性画像に基づいて、アバランシェ増幅作用が生じたか否かを判断する判断部を更に備えることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の電界集中位置観察装置。
- 前記電圧印加部から印加された前記所定電圧に対応する前記電気特性画像に基づいて、アバランシェ増幅作用が生じたか否かを判断する判断部を更に備えることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の電界集中位置観察装置。
- 前記電圧印加部から順次印加された複数の前記所定電圧のそれぞれに対応する複数の前記電気特性画像を同時に表示する表示部を更に備えることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電界集中位置観察装置。
- 前記電圧印加部は、前記半導体装置に定められている最大許容電圧値から所定値を差し引いた値を最初の前記所定電圧の大きさとすることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電界集中位置観察装置。
- 半導体装置の電界集中位置を観察する方法であって、
前記半導体装置の電極間に所定電圧を印加する電圧印加ステップと、
前記半導体装置へレーザ光を照射し、前記レーザ光に起因して前記半導体装置に生じる電気特性を検出する照射・検出ステップと、
前記照射・検出ステップにより得られた検出信号に基づいて前記半導体装置の電気特性画像を生成する画像生成ステップと
を備え、
前記半導体装置にアバランシェ増幅作用が生じる電圧に達するまで前記電圧印加ステップにおける前記所定電圧を段階的に増加させながら、前記電圧印加ステップ、前記照射・検出ステップ、及び前記画像生成ステップを繰り返し行うことを特徴とする、電界集中位置観察方法。 - 前記照射・検出ステップにおいて、パルス幅が1ピコ秒よりも短く、波長が1200nm以上であるパルス状の前記レーザ光を前記半導体装置へ照射することを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の電界集中位置観察方法。
- 前記電圧印加ステップにおいて順次印加された複数の前記所定電圧のそれぞれに対応する複数の前記電気特性画像に基づいて、アバランシェ増幅作用が生じたか否かを判断する判断ステップを更に備えることを特徴とする、請求項7または8に記載の電界集中位置観察方法。
- 前記電圧印加ステップにおいて印加された前記所定電圧に対応する前記電気特性画像に基づいて、アバランシェ増幅作用が生じたか否かを判断する判断ステップを更に備えることを特徴とする、請求項7または8に記載の電界集中位置観察方法。
- 前記電圧印加ステップにおいて順次印加された複数の前記所定電圧のそれぞれに対応する複数の前記電気特性画像を同時に表示する表示ステップを更に備えることを特徴とする、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の電界集中位置観察方法。
- 前記電圧印加ステップにおいて、前記半導体装置に定められている最大許容電圧値から所定値を差し引いた値を最初の前記所定電圧の大きさとすることを特徴とする、請求項7~11のいずれか一項に記載の電界集中位置観察方法。
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JP2019011968A (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-24 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | デバイス解析装置及びデバイス解析方法 |
JP7376369B2 (ja) | 2020-01-15 | 2023-11-08 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | 半導体素子の検査装置 |
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US10609361B2 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-03-31 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Imaging systems with depth detection |
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US9733297B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
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