WO2014119499A1 - 加圧焼却設備及び加圧焼却方法 - Google Patents
加圧焼却設備及び加圧焼却方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014119499A1 WO2014119499A1 PCT/JP2014/051632 JP2014051632W WO2014119499A1 WO 2014119499 A1 WO2014119499 A1 WO 2014119499A1 JP 2014051632 W JP2014051632 W JP 2014051632W WO 2014119499 A1 WO2014119499 A1 WO 2014119499A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- supercharger
- turbine impeller
- pressurized
- air
- equipment
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/16—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures, e.g. by the arrangement of the combustion chamber and its auxiliary systems inside a pressure vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
- F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
- F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2200/00—Waste incineration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/30—Combustion in a pressurised chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
- F23G2203/502—Fluidised bed furnace with recirculation of bed material inside combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/05021—Gas turbine driven blowers for supplying combustion air or oxidant, i.e. turbochargers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pressure incineration facility and a pressure incineration method.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-015556 for which it applied to Japan on January 30, 2013, and uses the content here.
- a pressurized incinerator facility provided with a blower for starting the supercharger on the upstream side of the air intake pipe of the supercharger and its startup A method is disclosed.
- This pressurized incinerator facility is a supercharger that generates compressed air using high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from a pressurized fluidized bed incinerator and supplies the compressed air to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator. Equipped with a machine.
- the pressurized incinerator facility supplies start-up air from the blower to the compressor of the supercharger when the facility is activated.
- Patent Document 2 discloses leakage of exhaust gas introduced into a turbine by a gasket that seals a gap by using gas pressure (bearing). A technology for preventing leakage of the image is disclosed.
- the turbocharger supports a turbine shaft (rotary shaft) of a turbine impeller by a predetermined bearing mechanism, and this bearing mechanism exhibits bearing performance by a predetermined lubricating oil.
- a bearing mechanism a gas bearing device that inserts a rotating shaft into a journal bearing with a predetermined gap and floats and supports the rotating shaft by pressurized air supplied from the outside is expensive because the device is complicated. There are no examples of mass production adoption.
- the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator flows into the turbocharger as a driving fluid, and a part of this high-temperature exhaust gas acts on the lubricating oil of the bearing mechanism.
- the lubricating oil may be deteriorated. That is, the component of the high-temperature exhaust gas seems to depend on the incineration object, the fuel for incineration, etc., but this component may contain a component that degrades the lubricating oil of the supercharger. In such a case, since the deterioration of the lubricating oil is promoted, the replacement frequency of the lubricating oil is increased, and as a result, the running cost is increased.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and provides a pressure incineration facility and a pressure incineration method capable of suppressing deterioration of lubricating oil of a supercharger caused by at least exhaust gas of a pressure incinerator. With the goal.
- a pressurized incinerator comprises a pressurized incinerator that incinerates an object to be treated under pressure by compressed air, and a combustion exhaust gas from the pressurized incinerator.
- a turbocharger that generates the compressed air by being driven to rotate; and a sealing means that blows a seal gas into a back surface of a turbine impeller of the turbocharger.
- the pressurized incineration facility in the first aspect further includes a blower that supplies start-up air to the pressurized incinerator when the facility is activated.
- the sealing means takes in the starter air of the blower at the time of equipment startup and blows it as the seal gas to the back of the turbine impeller, and takes in the compressed air of the supercharger after the equipment startup. As described above, the turbine impeller is blown into the back surface.
- the sealing means selects and discharges the starting air when the equipment is started up, and selects the compressed air after the equipment is started up.
- Switching means for discharging and a seal gas passage provided in the supercharger having one end connected to the discharge port of the switching means and the other end opened in a housing facing the rear surface of the turbine impeller.
- the sealing means is provided in the supercharger and guides the compressed air as the sealing gas to a housing facing the rear surface of the turbine impeller.
- a sealing gas flow path is provided.
- the sealing means includes a plurality of jet outlets for blowing the seal gas into a plurality of locations on the rear surface of the turbine impeller. .
- the sealing means blows the seal gas toward the outer peripheral side of the turbine impeller on the rear surface of the turbine impeller.
- a spout is provided.
- the sealing means has a jet outlet that blows the seal gas concentrically with the turbine impeller to the back surface of the turbine impeller. Is provided.
- the compressed air generated by the supercharger is supplied to the pressure incinerator to incinerate the workpiece under pressure.
- the supercharger is rotated by combustion exhaust gas to generate the compressed air, and a seal gas is blown into the back surface of the turbine impeller in the supercharger.
- the seal gas is blown into the back surface of the turbine impeller in the supercharger, it is possible to suppress or prevent the exhaust gas of the pressurized incinerator from entering the bearing mechanism of the supercharger. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress or prevent the deterioration of the lubricating oil in the bearing mechanism of the supercharger.
- a pressurized incinerator 100 includes a pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 (pressurized incinerator), a supply device 2, an air filter 3, a blower 4, a supercharger 5, The first on-off valve 6, the second on-off valve 7, the three-way valve 8 (switching means), the preheater 9, the first and second control valves 10A and 10B, the dust collector 11, the exhaust gas treatment device 12, the chimney 13 and the like It is prepared for. These components are interconnected by a predetermined pipe as shown in FIG.
- the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is a substantially cylindrical incinerator.
- the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is supplied with the starting air K supplied from the blower 4 through the first and second control valves 10A and 10B, or through the first and second control valves 10A and 10B.
- the workpiece P is incinerated by a pressurized fluidized bed system.
- the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure combustion exhaust gas G generated by incineration of the workpiece P.
- the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is provided with an activation facility for raising the temperature of the interior when the pressurized incineration facility 100 is activated (when the facility is activated).
- This starting equipment is composed of an auxiliary fuel tank 1a and a temperature raising burner 1b.
- This start-up facility uses the auxiliary fuel supplied from the auxiliary fuel tank 1a or an auxiliary fuel supply source (not shown) such as city gas to the temperature rising burner 1b in the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 together with the starting air K.
- a predetermined temperature for example, a temperature at which the workpiece P is spontaneously combusted.
- the supply apparatus 2 is an apparatus which supplies the to-be-processed object P received from the outside to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1, for example, a screw conveyor or a pump.
- the to-be-processed object P which is the incineration object of the pressurized fluidized-bed incinerator 1 is combustible wastes, such as various biomass.
- the air filter 3 is a device that removes dust in the air and cleans it, and supplies clean air obtained by cleaning the air in this way to the compressor (compressor) of the supercharger 5.
- the blower 4 is a device that operates only when the equipment is started up, similarly to the start-up equipment of the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1, and starts the incineration processing of the workpiece P by the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1.
- the starting air K is supplied to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1.
- the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 when the equipment is started up, the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is not in a normal combustion state, so that sufficient combustion exhaust gas G to drive the supercharger 5 is supplied to the turbine of the supercharger 5 in the pressurized fluidized bed. It is not supplied from the incinerator 1. Therefore, as described later, the supercharger 5 cannot compress the air supplied from the air filter 3 and cannot supply the compressed air A to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1. Instead of the supercharger 5 at the time of starting the equipment, the blower 4 supplies the startup air K taken from the outside air to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 as primary combustion air and secondary combustion air. Such a blower 4 stops its operation at the stage where the pressurized incineration equipment 100 has been activated and the pressurized incineration equipment 100 has reached a steady operation state (after the equipment has been activated).
- the supercharger 5 is rotated by the combustion exhaust gas G of the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 to compress the clean air sucked from the air filter 3 to generate compressed air A.
- the supercharger 5 is a rotary machine in which a turbine impeller 5a and a compressor impeller 5b are respectively fixed to a rotary shaft 5c.
- the supercharger 5 rotationally drives the compressor impeller 5b by rotational power generated when combustion exhaust gas G as a driving fluid is blown to the turbine impeller 5a, and generates compressed air A by the rotation of the compressor impeller 5b.
- Such a supercharger 5 supplies the compressed air A to the second on-off valve 7.
- the turbocharger 5 has a predetermined shape of an impeller in which the turbine impeller 5a and the compressor impeller 5b described above are fixed to each end of the rotary shaft 5c and integrated.
- the housing is rotatably accommodated in the housing.
- the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a and the back surface 5b1 of the compressor impeller 5b are disposed so as to face each other.
- FIG. 2 shows a state in which the turbocharger 5 shown in FIG. 1 is reversed left and right, that is, a state in which the turbine impeller 5a is on the left side and the compressor impeller 5b is on the right side.
- the turbocharger 5 has a screw housing so that a turbine housing 5d that houses a turbine impeller 5a and a compressor housing 5e that houses a compressor impeller 5b sandwich a bearing housing 5f that houses a rotating shaft 5c. It is fixed and configured.
- the bearing housing 5f accommodates, in addition to the rotating shaft 5c, a bearing mechanism 5g that rotatably supports the rotating shaft 5c.
- An oil passage for supplying lubricating oil to the bearing mechanism 5g is formed in the bearing housing 5f.
- a heat shield plate 5h is interposed between the turbine housing 5d and the bearing housing 5f for suppressing the heat of the combustion exhaust gas G from being transmitted to the bearing mechanism 5g.
- the heat shield plate 5h is a substantially disk-shaped member having an opening through which the rotary shaft 5c is inserted at the center, and the outer periphery thereof is sandwiched between the turbine housing 5d and the bearing housing 5f.
- a scroll flow path 5d1 and a turbine nozzle 5d2 are formed at positions radially outside the turbine impeller 5a.
- the combustion exhaust gas G is blown from the radially outer side to the turbine impeller 5a via the scroll flow path 5d1 and the turbine nozzle 5d2, and generates rotational power in the turbine impeller 5a.
- a diffuser 5e1 and a scroll channel 5e2 are formed inside the compressor housing 5e at a radially outer position of the compressor impeller 5b.
- the clean air supplied from the air filter 3 is blown into the diffuser 5e1 by flowing from the front (right side in FIG. 2) of the rotating compressor impeller 5b, and the diffuser 5e1 and the scroll flow
- the compressed air A is obtained by passing through the path 5e2.
- the supercharger 5 is formed with a seal gas flow path 5i for supplying the seal gas S to the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a. That is, the seal gas channel 5i supplies the seal gas S to the space between the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a and the housing (heat shield plate 5h) of the supercharger 5.
- the seal gas flow path 5i is formed inside the bearing housing 5f, and has a flow path having one end connected to the output port (discharge port) of the three-way valve 8, and the bearing housing 5f. And a gap between the heat shield plate 5h.
- the other end (tip portion) of the seal gas flow path 5i is a spout N of the seal gas S formed by a gap between the bearing housing 5f and the heat shield plate 5h.
- This jet port N opens in the housing facing the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a. That is, the other end of the seal gas channel 5i is a nozzle that opens in an annular shape and narrowly around the rotation shaft 5c.
- the spout N is formed concentrically with the turbine impeller 5a.
- the jet nozzle N has a cross-sectional shape along the central axis of the rotary shaft 5c so that the seal gas S is blown toward the outer peripheral side of the turbine impeller 5a at the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a. Is curved toward the outer peripheral side of the turbine impeller 5a.
- the seal gas S ejected from the nozzle N toward the rear surface 5a1 and the outer peripheral side of the turbine impeller 5a forms an endless gas film around the rotary shaft 5c on the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a. Therefore, the seal gas S can suppress or prevent the combustion exhaust gas G that has entered the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a from entering the bearing mechanism 5g that supports the rotating shaft 5c.
- the intrusion of the combustion exhaust gas G into the bearing mechanism 5g is prevented by forming an endless gas film at least around the rotating shaft 5c, so that the seal gas S is directed toward the outer peripheral side of the turbine impeller 5a. It is not essential to inject.
- the seal gas S may be sprayed substantially perpendicularly to the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a. In some cases, the seal gas S may be sprayed slightly toward the inside (rotation center side) of the turbine impeller 5a.
- the facing distance between the jet outlet N and the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a (for example, the distance in the central axis direction of the rotating shaft 5c). Is preferably as small as possible.
- the shapes of the bearing housing 5f and the heat shield plate 5h may be modified so that the facing distance becomes smaller.
- a part of the starting air K is supplied as the sealing gas S to the seal gas flow path 5i through the three-way valve 8 when the equipment is started.
- a part of the compressed air A is supplied after the equipment is started. Is supplied as the seal gas S.
- the first on-off valve 6 is provided on the discharge side piping of the blower 4.
- the first on-off valve 6 is set to a fully open state when the equipment is started, and is set to a fully closed state after the equipment is started.
- the second on-off valve 7 is provided in a pipe connected to the discharge port of the compressor of the supercharger 5, that is, a pipe connected to the outlet of the scroll flow path 5e2.
- the second on-off valve 7 is set to a fully closed state when the equipment is activated, and is set to a fully opened state after the equipment is activated. That is, only the starting air K discharged from the blower 4 when the equipment is started is supplied to the preheater 9 via the pipe.
- the three-way valve 8 is a switching means having two input ports and one output port, and alternatively selects two input ports and connects them to the output port. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the three-way valve 8 has one input port connected to the blower 4, and the other input port connected to the discharge port of the compressor of the supercharger 5 (that is, the scroll flow path 5e2). Connected to the exit). The output port of the three-way valve 8 is connected to one end (rear end) of the seal gas passage 5i.
- Such a three-way valve 8 supplies the starting air K supplied from the blower 4 to the seal gas flow path 5i by selecting one input port at the time of equipment startup, while the other input after the equipment is started up. By selecting the port, the compressed air A supplied from the supercharger 5 is supplied to the seal gas passage 5i.
- Such a three-way valve 8 and the above-described seal gas flow path 5i of the supercharger 5 are used as the seal gas S in the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a by taking in the starting air K and the compressed air A in the pressurized incinerator 100.
- the sealing means to blow in is comprised.
- the blower 4 and the supercharger 5 also function as a gas supply source in the pressure incineration facility 100.
- the preheater 9 is provided between the first and second on-off valves 6 and 7 and the first and second control valves 10A and 10B.
- the preheater 9 uses the combustion exhaust gas G supplied from the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1, and the starting air K supplied from the blower 4 (at the time of starting the equipment) or the compression supplied from the supercharger 5. It is a heat exchanger that raises the temperature of the air A (after starting up the equipment).
- the compressed air A is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature of clean air (substantially atmospheric temperature) by the compression action of the compressor impeller 5b.
- the preheater 9 further heats the starter air K or the compressed air A by exchanging heat between the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas G and the starter air K or the compressed air A so that the first and second control valves 10A, 10B.
- the preheater 9 discharges the combustion exhaust gas G, which has been lowered in temperature by heat exchange with the starting air K or the compressed air A, to the dust collector 11.
- the first control valve 10A is a first control valve that adjusts the flow rate of the compressed air A (or starting air K) supplied as primary combustion air to the bottom of the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1.
- the second control valve 10B is used for the compressed air A (or starting air K) supplied as secondary combustion air to a position higher in the vertical direction than the primary combustion air in the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1. It is the 2nd control valve which adjusts flow volume.
- Such first and second control valves 10A and 10B are adjusted so that the combustion state of the workpiece P in the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is the best.
- the dust collector 11 is a device that separates and removes solids such as dust contained in the combustion exhaust gas G supplied from the preheater 9, and is a bag filter, for example.
- the dust collector 11 supplies the high-pressure combustion exhaust gas G from which solids are separated and removed to the turbine of the supercharger 5.
- the combustion exhaust gas G is supplied to the exhaust gas treatment device 12 after being reduced in pressure and temperature by acting on the turbine impeller 5a.
- the exhaust gas treatment device 12 is a device that removes impurities such as sulfur components and nitrogen components from the combustion exhaust gas G supplied from such a dust collector 11, and the exhaust gas purified by removing such impurities is a chimney 13.
- the chimney 13 is a cylindrical structure having a predetermined height as is well known, and discharges the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust gas treatment device 12 from the predetermined height to the atmosphere.
- the operation when the pressurized incineration facility 100 is activated (when the facility is activated) will be described.
- the first on-off valve 6 is set to the fully open state
- the second on-off valve 7 is set to the fully closed state
- the three-way valve 8 as the switching means is set to select one input port. Is done.
- the blower 4 By operating the blower 4 in this state, most of the starting air K discharged from the blower 4 is supplied to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1, and a part of the starting air K passes through the three-way valve 8. To the seal gas flow path 5i of the supercharger 5.
- the starting air K discharged from the blower 4 is supplied to the first and second control valves 10A and 10B via the first on-off valve 6 and the preheater 9, and the first and second control valves 10A and 10B are supplied.
- the flow rate is finally adjusted by the control valves 10A and 10B and supplied to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 and the temperature raising burner 1b.
- the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 takes in the starting air K as primary combustion air and secondary combustion air, and the start-up equipment uses fuel as a primary combustion air and secondary combustion air as oxidants (auxiliary).
- the temperature inside the furnace gradually rises by burning the fuel.
- the supply device 2 When the temperature in the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is raised to a predetermined temperature (for example, the temperature at which the workpiece P spontaneously burns), the supply device 2 is activated to pressurize by supplying the workpiece P The fluidized bed incinerator 1 starts incineration processing (combustion processing) of the workpiece P. When the incineration process of the workpiece P is started in this manner, a sufficient amount of combustion exhaust gas G is generated in the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 to drive the supercharger 5. The combustion exhaust gas G is supplied from the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 to the turbine of the supercharger 5 via the preheater 9 and the dust collector 11. As a result, the supercharger 5 is rotationally driven by the combustion exhaust gas G supplied from the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1.
- a predetermined temperature for example, the temperature at which the workpiece P spontaneously burns
- the solid matter in the combustion exhaust gas G is separated and removed in the dust collector 11 and supplied to the supercharger 5, and the compressed air A supplied from the supercharger 5 is preheated by the preheater 9. Is done.
- the combustion exhaust gas G used for driving the supercharger 5 is supplied from the supercharger 5 to the exhaust gas treatment device 12 to remove impurities, and then released from the chimney 13 into the atmosphere.
- the compressed air A is preheated by the preheater 9 and the flow rate of the compressed air A is adjusted by the first and second control valves 10A and 10B to be supplied to the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1, and the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion are supplied.
- the air is used for burning the workpiece P as air.
- the above is the overall operation of the pressurized incineration facility 100, but the pressurized incineration facility 100 performs the following characteristic operations at the time of equipment startup and after the equipment startup.
- a part of the starting air K is supplied to the seal gas passage 5i of the supercharger 5 through the three-way valve 8, and the turbine is discharged from the jet outlet N located at the tip of the seal gas passage 5i.
- the impeller 5a is ejected as a seal gas S toward the back surface 5a1 and the outer periphery thereof. That is, a part of the starting air K is supplied as the seal gas S to the space between the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a and the housing (heat shield plate 5h) of the supercharger 5.
- the seal gas S (starting air K) forms an endless gas film around the rotary shaft 5c on the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a.
- the second on-off valve 7 since the second on-off valve 7 is set to the fully closed state at the time of starting the equipment, a part of the starting air K discharged from the blower 4 is supplied to the discharge port in the compressor of the supercharger 5. It is prevented that disturbance is given to the compressor of the supercharger 5 by being supplied. Moreover, since the three-way valve 8 is set so as to select one of the input ports at the time of starting up the equipment, the supercharger 5 does not reach a steady rotational speed, so that the pressure is insufficient. Instead of the discharge air of the compressor of the machine 5, the starting air K given a predetermined flow rate by the blower 4 is supplied to the seal gas flow path 5i.
- the combustion exhaust gas G that has entered the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a cannot enter the vicinity of the rotating shaft 5c due to the gas film formed by the seal gas S (starting air K), and therefore, the inside of the bearing housing 5f. It is not possible to enter the bearing mechanism 5g that supports the rotating shaft 5c. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the combustion exhaust gas G from coming into contact with the lubricating oil of the bearing mechanism 5g, so that deterioration of the lubricating oil can be prevented at the time of starting the equipment.
- a part of the compressed air A discharged from the compressor of the supercharger 5 is sealed gas via the three-way valve 8. It is supplied to the flow path 5i.
- the compressed air A is a gas discharged from the compressor of the supercharger 5 when the supercharger 5 rotates normally, and therefore has a sufficient pressure.
- Such compressed air A is ejected as a seal gas S from the ejection port N toward the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a and toward the outer periphery thereof.
- a part of the compressed air A is supplied as the seal gas S to the space between the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a and the housing (heat shield plate 5h) of the supercharger 5.
- the seal gas S compressed air A
- the combustion exhaust gas G that has entered the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a cannot enter the vicinity of the rotary shaft 5c by the gas film formed by the seal gas S (compressed air A), and therefore, the inside of the bearing housing 5f. It is not possible to enter the bearing mechanism 5g that supports the rotating shaft 5c. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the combustion exhaust gas G from coming into contact with the lubricating oil of the bearing mechanism 5g by the seal gas S (compressed air A), and therefore it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the lubricating oil even after the equipment is started.
- the starting air K used as the seal gas S at the time of starting up the equipment may have a lower pressure than the compressed air A during normal operation of the supercharger 5.
- the pressure of the combustion exhaust gas G at the time of starting the equipment is smaller than the pressure of the combustion exhaust gas G at the time of steady operation. That is, the injection pressure required for the seal gas S at the time of starting the equipment is lower than the injection pressure required for the seal gas S during steady operation. Therefore, by injecting the starting air K as the seal gas S to the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a at the time of starting the equipment, it is possible to sufficiently prevent the combustion exhaust gas G from entering the bearing mechanism 5g.
- the starting air K is used as the seal gas S when the equipment is started up
- the compressed air A is used as the seal gas S after the equipment is started up.
- the blower 4 is used as a supply source of the seal gas S when the equipment is started up, so that the combustion exhaust gas G is prevented from entering the bearing mechanism 5g, and the turbocharger 5 is connected to the seal gas S after the equipment is started up.
- combustion gas G is prevented from entering the bearing mechanism 5g.
- the above air supply source is used instead of the starter blower at the time of start-up, and switching is performed so that air as a seal gas is supplied from the supercharger after start-up. May be.
- a separately prepared air supply source may be used both at the start and after the start.
- the seal gas S is jetted to the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a not only after the equipment startup in which the pressurized incineration equipment is in a steady operation state but also at the time of equipment startup, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the amount of the combustion exhaust gas G generated at the time of starting the equipment is small and the pressure is low. Therefore, the possibility that the combustion exhaust gas G enters the bearing mechanism 5g is low.
- the seal gas S is not ejected when the equipment is started. In this case, it is only necessary to supply the compressed air A to the seal gas flow path 5i after the equipment is started.
- the sealing means in this case includes a supercharger 5 having a seal gas flow path 5i as a main component.
- the heat shield plate 5h is composed of three unit plates 5h1, 5h2, and 5h3, so that the three outlets face the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a. You may provide path (branch flow path) 5i1, 5i2, 5i3.
- the bearing housing 5f and the first unit plate 5h1 form a first flow path 5i1 for supplying the seal gas S to the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a
- the first unit plate 5h1 and the second unit plate 5h2 form a second flow path (branch flow path) 5i2 communicating with the first flow path 5i1
- the second unit plate 5h2 and the third unit plate 5h3 A third flow path (branch flow path) 5i3 communicating with the second flow path 5i2 is formed.
- the tip portions of the first to third flow paths 5i1 to 5i3 are narrow-width ejection ports N1 to N3 (nozzles) provided in a triple annular shape around the rotation shaft 5c.
- the outlets N1 to N3 are respectively arranged concentrically with the turbine impeller 5a.
- the first flow path 5i1 is formed by a gap between the bearing housing 5f and the first unit plate 5h1.
- the second flow path 5i2 is formed by a through hole formed in the first unit plate 5h1 and a gap between the first unit plate 5h1 and the second unit plate 5h2.
- the third channel 5i3 is formed by a through-hole formed in the second unit plate 5h2 and a gap between the second unit plate 5h2 and the third unit plate 5h3.
- FIG. 4A shows a state in which the three ejection ports N1 to N3 are formed so that all of the three ejection ports N1 to N3 spray the seal gas S substantially vertically toward the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a. Yes.
- the two outlets N1A and N2A closer to the rotating shaft 5c may be formed so as to blow the seal gas S toward the outer peripheral side of the turbine impeller 5a.
- annular spout N is provided on the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the combustion exhaust gas G enters the bearing mechanism 5g and acts on the lubricating oil. This can be more reliably prevented by the labyrinth seal 5k and the gas seal by the seal gas S.
- the discharge port of the blower 4 is connected to the discharge port in the compression part of the supercharger 5 in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the blower 4 is interposed between the suction port in the compression unit of the supercharger 5 and the air filter 3, and the discharge port of the blower 4 and the suction port of the compression unit in the supercharger 5.
- the second on-off valve 7A and the third on-off valve 14A are provided between the intake port and the discharge port in the compression section of the supercharger 5, and the bypass pipe is connected to the first on-off valve.
- a configuration in which the on-off valve 6A is provided may be employed.
- FIG. 1 A configuration in which the on-off valve 6A is provided may be employed.
- this 4th on-off valve is connected to this 2nd bypass piping.
- 14B is provided, and instead of the three-way valve 8, a fifth on-off valve 8A and a sixth on-off valve 8B are employed.
- the operation of the blower 4 is stopped, the first on-off valve 6A and the third on-off valve 14A are fully closed, and the second on-off valve 7A and the fourth on-off valve 14B are fully open. Further, the fifth on-off valve 8A is set in a fully open state, and the sixth on-off valve 8B is set in a fully closed state.
- the supercharger 5 that is rotationally driven by the combustion exhaust gas G sucks clean air supplied from the air filter 3 without going through the blower 4 to generate compressed air A, and a pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is supplied.
- a part of the compressed air A is supplied to the seal gas flow path 5i of the supercharger 5 through the fifth on-off valve 8A, and the seal gas is supplied to the back surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a through the seal gas flow path 5i. It is ejected as S to prevent the combustion exhaust gas G from entering the bearing mechanism 5g. Also with such a pressure incinerator 200, the starter air K or compressed air A is jetted as the seal gas S to the rear surface 5a1 of the turbine impeller 5a, as in the above-described embodiment. Can be prevented, thereby preventing the deterioration of the lubricating oil.
- the pressure incineration equipment 100 in the said embodiment you may use the 5th, 6th on-off valve 8A, 8B of the pressure incineration equipment 200 instead of the three-way valve 8.
- the fifth and sixth on-off valves 8A and 8B may be used as the switching means of the present invention.
- the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 is used.
- the pressurized incinerator of the present invention is not limited to the fluidized bed incinerator, and other types of pressurized incinerators. May be adopted.
- the amount of combustion exhaust gas G discharged from the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 at the time of starting the equipment is generally smaller than the amount discharged during steady operation. Even during operation, the discharge amount of the combustion exhaust gas G discharged from the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1 may change depending on the processing amount of the workpiece P or the like.
- the flow rate of the compressed air A discharged from the supercharger 5, that is, the flow rate of the seal gas S is considered to change in proportion to the flow rate of the combustion exhaust gas G supplied to the supercharger 5. It may be preferable to adjust the flow rate of the seal gas S to be blown in order not to affect the turbine efficiency.
- a flow rate adjusting device (adjusting valve) may be provided at any position in the flow path from the three-way valve 8 to the ejection port N. Further, a control device or the like for controlling the flow rate adjusting device may be provided based on information such as the processing amount of the pressurized fluidized bed incinerator 1, the amount of combustion exhaust gas G discharged, or the rotational speed of the supercharger 5. Good.
- the present invention can be used in a pressure incineration facility and a pressure incineration method for incinerating a workpiece under pressure with compressed air.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年1月30日に日本に出願された特願2013-015556号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
さらに、後述の過給機の軸受に対するタービン側ガスシールの技術として、例えば特許文献2には、ガス圧を利用して隙間を塞いでシールするガスケットにより、タービンに導入される排ガスの漏洩(軸受への漏洩)を防ぐ技術が開示されている。
本実施形態に係る加圧焼却設備100は、図1に示すように、加圧流動床式焼却炉1(加圧式焼却炉)、供給装置2、エアフィルタ3、送風機4、過給機5、第1の開閉弁6、第2の開閉弁7、三方弁8(切替手段)、予熱器9、第1、第2の調節弁10A、10B、集塵機11、排ガス処理装置12及び煙突13等を備えて構成されている。なお、これら各構成要素は、図1に示すように所定の配管によって相互接続されている。
エアフィルタ3は、空気中のゴミや塵埃等を取り除いて清浄化する装置であり、このように空気を清浄化して得られる清浄空気を過給機5のコンプレッサ(圧縮機)に供給する。
この遮熱板5hは、中心に回転軸5cが挿通される開口が形成された略円板状の部材であり、その外周部がタービンハウジング5dと軸受ハウジング5fとによって挟持されている。
この噴出口Nは、タービンインペラ5aの背面5a1に対向するハウジングにおいて開口する。つまり、シールガス流路5iの他端は、回転軸5cの回りに円環状かつ狭幅に開口するノズルである。噴出口Nは、タービンインペラ5aと同心円状に形成されている。
第2の開閉弁7は、図1に示すように、過給機5の圧縮機の吐出口に接続された配管、つまりスクロール流路5e2の出口に接続された配管に設けられている。この第2の開閉弁7は、設備起動時には全閉状態に設定され、一方、設備起動後においては全開状態に設定される。すなわち、設備起動時には送風機4から吐出された始動用空気Kのみが、配管を介して予熱器9に供給される。
(1)上記実施形態では設備起動時に始動用空気KをシールガスSとして用い、また設備起動後(定常運転状態)においては圧縮空気AをシールガスSとして用いるが、本発明はこれに限定されない。例えば、別途用意した空気供給源(例えばコンプレッサ)を用いる場合には、起動時に起動用送風機に代えて上記空気供給源を用い、起動後に過給機からシールガスとしての空気を供給するように切り替えてもよい。また、起動時には、起動用送風機からシールガスとしての空気を供給し、起動後、別途用意した空気供給源に切り替えることも可能である。なお、起動時、起動後ともに別途用意した空気供給源を用いてもよい。
このような加圧焼却設備200によっても、上述した実施形態と同様に、始動用空気Kあるいは圧縮空気AがシールガスSとしてタービンインペラ5aの背面5a1に噴き出すので、燃焼排ガスGの軸受機構5gへの侵入を防止し、以って潤滑油の劣化を抑制することができる。
なお、上記実施形態における加圧焼却設備100において、三方弁8の代わりに、加圧焼却設備200の第5、第6の開閉弁8A、8Bを用いてもよい。すなわち、第5、第6の開閉弁8A、8Bを本発明の切替手段として使用してもよい。
2 供給装置
3 エアフィルタ
4 送風機
5 過給機
5a タービンインペラ
5a1 背面
5b コンプレッサインペラ
5c 回転軸
5d タービンハウジング
5e コンプレッサハウジング
5f 軸受ハウジング
5g 軸受機構
5h 遮熱板
5i シールガス流路(シール手段)
6 第1の開閉弁
7 第2の開閉弁
8 三方弁(切替手段)
8A 第5の開閉弁
8B 第6の開閉弁
9 予熱器
10A 第1の調節弁
10B 第2の調節弁
11 集塵機
12 排ガス処理装置
13 煙突
14A 第3の開閉弁
14B 第4の開閉弁
100,200 加圧焼却設備
A 圧縮空気
G 燃焼排ガス
K 始動用空気
P 被処理物
S シールガス
N 噴出口
Claims (8)
- 圧縮空気による加圧下で被処理物を焼却処理する加圧式焼却炉と、
前記加圧式焼却炉の燃焼排ガスによって回転駆動されることによって前記圧縮空気を生成する過給機と、
前記過給機のタービンインペラの背面にシールガスを吹き込むシール手段と
を備える加圧焼却設備。 - 設備起動時において前記加圧式焼却炉に始動用空気を供給する送風機をさらに備え、
前記シール手段は、設備起動時には前記送風機の前記始動用空気を取り込んで前記シールガスとして前記タービンインペラの背面に吹き込み、設備起動後には前記過給機の前記圧縮空気を取り込んで前記シールガスとして前記タービンインペラの背面に吹き込むように構成されている請求項1記載の加圧焼却設備。 - 前記シール手段は、
設備起動時においては前記始動用空気を選択して吐出し、設備起動後においては前記圧縮空気を選択して吐出する切替手段と、
前記過給機に設けられ、一端が前記切替手段の吐出口に接続され、他端が前記タービンインペラの背面に対向するハウジングにおいて開口するシールガス流路と
を備える請求項2記載の加圧焼却設備。 - 前記シール手段は、前記過給機に設けられると共に前記タービンインペラの背面に対向するハウジングに前記圧縮空気を前記シールガスとして案内するシールガス流路を備える請求項1記載の加圧焼却設備。
- 前記シール手段は、前記タービンインペラの背面の複数個所に前記シールガスを吹き込む複数の噴出口を備える請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の加圧焼却設備。
- 前記シール手段は、前記タービンインペラの背面において前記シールガスを前記タービンインペラの外周側に向けて吹き込む噴出口を備える請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の加圧焼却設備。
- 前記シール手段は、前記タービンインペラの背面に前記シールガスを前記タービンインペラと同心円状に吹き込む噴出口を備える請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の加圧焼却設備。
- 過給機で生成した圧縮空気を加圧式焼却炉に供給して加圧下で被処理物を焼却処理し、
前記加圧式焼却炉の燃焼排ガスによって前記過給機を回転駆動して前記圧縮空気を生成し、
前記過給機におけるタービンインペラの背面にシールガスを吹き込む加圧焼却方法。
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EP14746349.1A EP2952807B1 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2014-01-27 | Pressurized incineration equipment and pressurized incineration method |
US14/764,365 US9982552B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2014-01-27 | Pressurized incineration facility and pressurized incineration method |
CN201480006292.8A CN104969002B (zh) | 2013-01-30 | 2014-01-27 | 加压焚烧设备以及加压焚烧方法 |
KR1020157023124A KR102087675B1 (ko) | 2013-01-30 | 2014-01-27 | 가압 소각 시설 및 가압 소각 방법 |
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CN114776403B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-12-26 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | 一种适用于大焓降小流量透平进气结构及其方法 |
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EP2952807A4 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
US9982552B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
CN104969002B (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
US20150369474A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
CN104969002A (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
KR20150114515A (ko) | 2015-10-12 |
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