WO2014108033A1 - 吊钩偏角检测、监测装置及起重机 - Google Patents

吊钩偏角检测、监测装置及起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014108033A1
WO2014108033A1 PCT/CN2013/090644 CN2013090644W WO2014108033A1 WO 2014108033 A1 WO2014108033 A1 WO 2014108033A1 CN 2013090644 W CN2013090644 W CN 2013090644W WO 2014108033 A1 WO2014108033 A1 WO 2014108033A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hook
angle
platform
crane
pulley
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/090644
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林汉丁
Original Assignee
Lin Handing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lin Handing filed Critical Lin Handing
Priority to US14/759,935 priority Critical patent/US9446934B2/en
Publication of WO2014108033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014108033A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/46Position indicators for suspended loads or for crane elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/16Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of cranes, in particular to a hook deflection angle detecting and monitoring device for a crane.
  • the present invention also relates to a crane including the above-described hook yaw detection and monitoring device.
  • the crane requires vertical lifting.
  • the lifting construction specification stipulates that "the hook angle should not exceed 3 degrees when lifting the workpiece with a mobile crane".
  • the crane has not been provided with a vertical lifting display so far, so that the driver cannot judge whether the hook is in a vertical state. It is not timely and accurate to command the driver to manipulate the information provided by the hoisting commander based on the information provided by the vertical hoist of the hoisting heavy object.
  • the detection of the yaw angle of the crane hook has been obtained by detecting the angle of the hook wire rope for many years or by the machine vision technology to detect the vertical attitude of the hook, and the other is to directly detect the deviation of the action line of the lifting force from the plumb line in the hoisting.
  • the angle is obtained: 201110360173.0
  • the laser generator connected by the ball-wound connection is installed, according to the spot emitted by the laser generator to the reflecting surface of the reflecting body, which is marked correspondingly
  • the position of the concentric angle concentric circle dynamically shows the direction of the declination of the hook and the number of deviation angles; 201110387199.4
  • the measuring platform is installed on the outer side of the lifting pulley guard moving plate, and the measuring platform surface is satisfied when the crane lifting vertical deviation angle is 0 degree.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of the two sides of the pulley.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the pulley between the pulley hook, 1 moving pulley, 2 - pulley shaft, 3 - protection Plate or guard cover, 4 hooks, 8 is an additional slab between the hooks of the pulley, the hook is fixed on the hook beam 6 with a nut 5, and a bearing 7 is arranged between the nut and the beam.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hook for preventing oblique sling, controlling hook yaw and vertical lifting of the crane
  • the yaw angle detection has a large installation space, which is convenient for installation and protection of the device, and can detect the yaw angle of the hook in real time and adds a synergistic display. It is suitable for both single-machine hoisting and lifting operation detection.
  • the monitoring device simultaneously creates conditions for installing a large-capacity rechargeable battery in the hook yaw detecting device, or creating a condition for directly supplying and charging the device; and another object is to provide a hook angling detection and monitoring device Crane.
  • pulley guards in the present application are collectively referred to as pulley guards, such as guard plates, splints, slabs, and vertical plates, which are located on both sides of the pulley or support the connecting pulley shaft and the hook beam.
  • pulley guards such as guard plates, splints, slabs, and vertical plates, which are located on both sides of the pulley or support the connecting pulley shaft and the hook beam.
  • 2 is the two typical pulley hook assemblies; the hook angle or the hoist angle refers to the angle of the lifting force acting on the lifting pulley through the hook.
  • a hook declination detecting device for a crane comprising at least one angle measuring instrument, characterized in that a section is connected between a lifting pulley of a crane lifting pulley and a hook or a fixed point of a fixed pulley and a lifting pulley block; a component, and when the platform surface fixedly mounted on the component with the hook angle of 0 degree is a horizontal plane, the lifting force line acting through the lifting pulley of the hook at different hook angles is still perpendicular to the
  • the platform surface of the component is fixedly mounted, for example, a section is connected between the fixed pulley of the crane lifting pulley and the fixed point of the lifting pulley block, and the detachable connection between the component and the lifting point of the lifting pulley block can be adopted but the welding cannot be adopted.
  • the components cannot be yawed with the hooks during lifting, and at the same time, the lifting force acting through the hooks under different hook angles is still perpendicular to the a platform surface fixedly mounted on the component; a platform on which the platform surface provided when the hook angle is 0 degrees is fixed is mounted on the component; a corner is mounted on the platform surface Measuring instrument.
  • one end of the two ends of the component is fixedly connected to the side guard plates of the movable pulley or fixedly connected to the side guard plates of the fixed pulley. Since the component is fixedly connected to the movable pulley or the fixed side rails, the coordinates established on the platform of the component are referenced to the orientation of the corresponding moving pulley, and the moving (fixed) pulley The orientation is relatively clear and can be directly observed, thus facilitating the determination of the yaw angle of the hook.
  • the component when one of the two ends of the component is fixedly fixed to the side guard plates of the fixed pulley, the component is composed of the two side guard plates which are increased by increasing the length dimension of the guard plates on both sides of the fixed pulley.
  • a lifting (ring) shaft is still fixed on the side panels, and a lifting ring is connected to the lifting point of the lifting pulley block, thereby pulling the pulley and the lifting (ring)
  • the distance between the shafts provides a space for the detection device to be placed at the inner side of the guard plate (where the space is unoccupied, the same below).
  • the fixed point of the pulley and the lifting pulley block of the crane lifting pulley is set.
  • the length of the guard plates on both sides of the fixed pulley is increased, and the inside of the two sides of the increased side guard is vacant.
  • the platform is fixedly arranged to meet the horizontal plane of the platform when the hook angle is 0 degrees; an angle measuring instrument is installed on the platform surface. Since it is installed at the vacant position on both sides of the guard plate, the structure is simplified and the installation and protection of the device are facilitated, but measures are taken for wireless transmission, such as a shield on the side of the wireless transmitter or both sides.
  • the guard plates are all non-magnetic Made of FRP.
  • the hook yaw detecting device and the platform surface are arranged to detect the hook yaw angle (directly detecting the hook yaw angle or outputting the hook yaw angle according to the detected value by the single chip or displaying the hook yaw angle, the same below)
  • the angle measuring instrument may be an angle measuring instrument for detecting the inclination angle of the platform surface with respect to the horizontal plane; may be a two-axis angle measuring instrument for detecting the two-dimensional inclination angle of the platform surface with respect to the horizontal plane; or may be a three-axis angle measuring instrument for detecting the inclination angle of the platform ; and an angle measuring instrument that detects the inclination of the platform.
  • the angle of inclination because the angle between the platform surface and the horizontal plane is equal to the angle of the hook, because the hook angle is only within a few degrees of detection control, such as 6 degrees is 0.
  • the sum of the squares of the axial inclination angles is approximately equal to the square of the inclination angle of the platform surface with respect to the horizontal plane, and according to the numerical values of the two-dimensional X and Y axial inclination angles, the output of the platform surface is compared with the single-chip processing of the hook deflection angle monitoring device.
  • the inclination value of the horizontal plane or the angle of the hook is equal to the angle of the hook, and a three-axis angle measuring instrument can also be applied, such as establishing a center on the platform surface.
  • the rectangular coordinate is equipped with the tilt angle of the three-axis accelerometer measurement platform.
  • the output voltage of the three-axis accelerometer is calculated and converted into an angle or a hook declination output or displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD); According to the angle between the platform surface and the horizontal plane, the value is equal to the angle of the hook, and the angle measurement combination can be used.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • the angle measuring instrument is mounted on the platform surface to detect a tilt angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane; or a double-axis angle sensor for detecting a two-dimensional tilt angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane, in particular, an output hook angle value is required.
  • the universal level in the present application refers to detecting the surface of the platform.
  • An angle measuring instrument for the inclination of the horizontal plane and directly showing the value of the inclination angle (hook angle) for example, a measuring instrument that directly displays the value of the hook declination by the double-axis tilt angle detection and processed by the single-chip microcomputer, wherein the traditional bubble display is 10,000 To the level, although the structure is simple Low cost, low maintenance, etc., but can not be used on moving body detection. If it is installed on the fixed pulley of the mast crane that is not required to be tested, can it be tried? Because the fixed pulley is much slower than the moving speed of the moving pulley.
  • a hook yaw monitoring device for a crane comprising at least one angle measuring instrument, a hook angling detecting device and a wireless transmitting device for transmitting the measured yaw angle signal, installed in the crane operating room
  • a receiving control device for wirelessly transmitting and displaying a dynamic angle of a hook characterized in that: a component is connected in series between a lifting pulley of the crane lifting pulley and a hook or a fixed point of the fixed pulley and the lifting pulley block, and When the platform surface of the component mounted on the component with the yaw angle of 0 degree is a horizontal plane, the lifting force of the lifting pulley block passing through the hook at different hook yaw angles is still perpendicular to the component a platform surface fixedly mounted; a platform on which the platform surface provided when the hook angling angle is 0 degrees is fixedly mounted on the component, and a wireless transmitting device for transmitting the measured signal is installed; An angle measuring instrument is installed on the platform surface.
  • one end of the two ends of the member is fixedly connected to the side guard plates of the movable pulley or fixedly connected to the two side guard plates of the fixed pulley.
  • the above-mentioned one component is connected in series between the fixed point of the lifting pulley of the crane and the fixed point of the lifting pulley block, and one end of the two ends of the component is fixedly connected with the guard plates on both sides of the pulley, and two fixed pulleys are added.
  • the length of the side guard plate is fixedly installed at a position vacant inside the two side guard plates to fix the platform surface which is set to a horizontal plane when the hook angle is 0 degrees, and the wireless device for transmitting the measured signal is installed.
  • a launching device; an angle measuring instrument is mounted on the platform surface.
  • the angle measuring instrument is mounted on the platform surface to detect a tilt angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane; or a dual-axis angle sensor for detecting a two-dimensional inclination angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane; or for detecting the inclination of the platform surface
  • a three-axis angle measuring instrument or a laser combined angle measuring instrument for detecting the inclination of the platform surface.
  • the hook On the symmetrical center line, the hook is fixed on the beam with a threaded rod, so that the distance between the large pulley and the hook head is widened, and the position of the inside of the guard plate is vacant (the space is not occupied, the same below) Detecting the space of the device, and installing a detecting device at a position vacant inside the guard plate on both sides of the movable pulley, and satisfying the different hooks when the platform surface fixedly mounted on the member with the yaw angle of 0 degree is the horizontal plane
  • the hoisting pulley group lifting force acting line under the corner is still perpendicular to the platform surface fixedly mounted on the component, and can be used as another solution: a hook yaw moving pulley guard inner detecting device
  • the hook shank is still disposed on the symmetrical center line of the side guard plates, and is characterized by increasing the lifting hoist pulley assembly moving pulley side guard plates After size, a growth in the out of the
  • the angle measuring instrument is mounted on the platform surface to detect a tilt angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane; or a dual-axis angle sensor for detecting a two-dimensional tilt angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane; or for detecting the platform a three-axis angle measuring instrument for the dip angle; or a laser combined angle measuring instrument for detecting the inclination of the platform surface.
  • the utility model relates to a crane inner side monitoring device for a declination moving pulley guard, which is used for a crane, comprising at least one angle measuring instrument, a detecting device for detecting a hook declination device and a transmitting device for wirelessly transmitting the measured hook angle signal, in crane operation
  • the room is provided with a receiving and controlling display device for receiving and transmitting wirelessly, and displaying the hook yaw dynamics, which is characterized in that the length of the guard plates on both sides of the movable lifting pulley of the lifting hoisting pulley is increased, and the inside of the two sides of the increased protective slab
  • the vacant position is fixedly mounted with a platform that satisfies the plane of the hook at an angle of 0 degrees, and a launching device that wirelessly transmits the measured signal; an angle measuring instrument is installed on the platform surface.
  • the plates are made of non-magnetic FRP.
  • the angle measuring instrument is mounted on the platform surface to detect a tilt angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane; or a dual-axis angle sensor for detecting a two-dimensional tilt angle of the platform surface with respect to a horizontal plane; or for detecting the platform a three-axis angle measuring instrument for the dip angle; or a measuring instrument for detecting a combination of the inclination of the platform surface.
  • the lifting and single lifting are the basic operations of the mobile crane, the lifting requirements are carried out under the coordinated lifting, and the lifting and the lifting sides are mutually coordinated.
  • the lifting operation should be started from the whole, and the lifting angle of the crane hooks should be changed according to both sides.
  • the comparison is carried out, so as to grasp the dynamics of the hook angle of the hook, and to grasp the dynamics of the angle of the hook of the joint hook; especially when the main and auxiliary machines of the large vertical equipment are lifted, the auxiliary machine is lifted.
  • the ratio of speed to main engine lifting speed should be equal to the slope of the connection between the main and auxiliary machine lifting points, in order to achieve vertical lifting, and the absolute value of the declination angle between the main and auxiliary machine hooks (main and auxiliary) It is inversely proportional to the load assumed by the main and auxiliary machines.
  • the main and auxiliary machines bear the load of 4:1, the main hook angle is delayed by 0.75° (not easy to detect), and the auxiliary machine hook angle is more than 3 °, If the elevation angle of the device is 75° at this time, the load of the auxiliary machine is actually 1.25 times when the hook angle is 0°, and when the auxiliary machine yaw angle reaches the allowable value, the hook angle of the main machine is also Must meet the requirements, so the main and auxiliary drivers are It should be operated on the premise that the hook angle indicated by the auxiliary machine is not greater than the allowable value.
  • a hook declination adding synergistic display monitoring device for a crane comprising at least one angle measuring instrument, installing a detecting hook angle device and a wireless transmitting device for transmitting the measured hook declination signal, in crane operation
  • the room is equipped with a receiving control device that receives and processes the wireless transmission and dynamically displays the yaw angle of the hook, and is characterized by:
  • One or more portable receiving control devices that are compatible with the wireless transmitting device and that have the same channel switching can be prepared in the crane operating room.
  • the remote control switch of the above wireless transmitting device is arranged in the operating room of the crane.
  • the above-mentioned three-channel remote-switching wireless transmitting device is used for three-machine or two-machine lifting, and the two-channel remote-switching wireless transmitting device is used for two-machine lifting, and if each crane is installed with a cooperative side display monitoring device according to the hook angle
  • the wireless transmitting device and the receiving control device matched thereto are arranged, and in addition to the normal operation, each crane can be commonly used for crane lifting of the hook angle and the synergistic display.
  • each crane occupies one channel through the remote control switch provided in the operation room of the crane, and the receiving control device provided in the operation room of the crane, except for one set to switch to the local channel, the machine is suspended
  • the hook yaw angle is dynamically displayed outside the operating room of the machine, and the receiving control device of the receiving partner is switched to the cooperative crane channel, and the coordinated hook yaw angle is dynamically displayed on the screen of the local operating room.
  • the portable receiving control device is arranged at a lifting and hoisting command monitoring point of the hoisting, or a crane and a traction machine monitoring point which are arranged in cooperation with the hoisting but without the synergistic display.
  • the angle of the hook is equal to the angle between the platform surface and the horizontal plane, the angle of the hook is projected on the platform surface. Straight to the plane of the platform and the horizontal plane, pointing to the high end of the platform surface; the hook deflection component is located on the platform surface projection
  • the azimuth angle monitoring has higher requirements, and can be installed with azimuth measuring instrument with reference to geomagnetism.
  • the installation of the angle measuring instrument and the installation of the geomagnetic field measuring instrument through the detection of the hook to the geomagnetic north pole direction as the initial angle of the plane rotation angle (but due to the surrounding strong magnetic interference to cope with the rotation angle Error compensation), and the measured signal is processed wirelessly, including the information processing module using a single-chip microcomputer to realize signal acquisition and attitude calculation of the sensor, transmitting information through the data transmission module, and installing the receiving control device in the crane operation room, including
  • the same data transmission module receives the motion state information and controls the real-time hook angle of the liquid crystal display and the azimuth angle (in the north pole direction of the geomagnetic direction), and observes the scale of the electronic compass set in the operation room, and the orientation is self-explanatory.
  • a hook yaw and magnetic azimuth monitoring device for a crane comprising at least one angle measuring device, equipped with a hook yaw device and a wireless launch for transmitting the measured yaw angle and azimuth signals
  • the device is provided with a receiving control device for receiving and processing the wireless emission, and displaying the hook yaw angle and the azimuth dynamic display in the crane operating room, which is characterized in that the length of the guard plate on both sides of the movable lifting pulley of the crane lifting pulley is increased, A platform on which the platform surface provided when the hook angle is 0° is fixedly installed at a position vacant inside the side guard plates; an angle measuring instrument is installed on the platform surface, and a geomagnetic field measuring instrument is installed at the same time.
  • the angle measuring instrument installed on the platform surface is a three-axis accelerometer
  • the geomagnetic field measuring instrument installed is a three-axis magnetometer
  • the three-axis orthogonal coordinate of the three-axis magnetometer and the three-axis right angle of the three-axis accelerometer The z-axis of the coordinates is on a straight line, and the X and Y axes are parallel.
  • the crane of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the hook angling detecting device, the hook yaw angle monitoring device, or the inner side detecting device of the hook yaw moving pulley guard plate, and the inner side of the hook yaw moving pulley guard plate
  • the invention better overcomes the vertical lifting of the crane but does not set the vertical lifting display, and provides a device for detecting the angle deviation of the hook for preventing the oblique hanging, controlling the hook yaw and the vertical lifting of the crane.
  • the space is convenient for installation and protection of the device, and can detect the yaw angle of the hook in real time and add a synergistic display. It is suitable for single-machine hoisting, detection and monitoring devices for lifting operations, and the above-mentioned detection and monitoring device.
  • the crane at that time, the driver can control the crane to eliminate the yaw angle of the hook to achieve vertical lifting according to the dynamic angle of the hook deflection displayed on the screen.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of the two sides of the pulley
  • FIG. 2 Schematic diagram of the components of the additional hooks between the pulley hooks
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the construction of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 Schematic diagram of the dynamic display of the hook declination laser
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the increase in the length of the shield.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the second variant of the length of the shield
  • FIG. 10 Schematic diagram of a series of components in a series of variants:
  • a section 5 is connected between the crane lifting pulley assembly pulley 1 and the hook 2 or between the fixed pulley 3 and the lifting pulley set fixing point 4, as shown in FIG. 4, the hook angle detection is mounted on the component
  • the monitoring device, and the crane equipped with the hook yaw detection monitoring device the following are examples:
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the real-time hook eccentricity of the dedicated bubble type universal level.
  • the size of the guard plates on both sides of the mast of the mast lifting pulley will be increased by 20 cm, and the side guards will be made of FRP, and a lifting (ring) shaft will be fixed on the side guard plates.
  • the shackle of the shackle is connected to the lifting lug of the lifting point of the lifting pulley block.
  • the size of the guard plates on both sides of the mast of the mast lifting pulley will be increased by 20 cm, and the side guards will be made of FRP, and a lifting (ring) shaft will be maintained on both sides of the guard plate.
  • a lifting ring is fixed, and the lifting ring is connected with the lifting lug of the lifting point of the lifting pulley block.
  • the dimensions of the guard plates (or splints) on both sides of the lifting pulley of the crane are increased by 25 cm, and a beam is still fixed at the lower part of the guard plate.
  • the hook is fixed on the beam with a bolt, and can be along the hook handle ( With bearing) Vertical axis rotation. Thereby, the distance between the large pulley and the hook hook head is increased, and a space for installing the detecting device at a position where the inside of the shield is vacant (where the space is not occupied) is provided.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of the wireless acquisition of the dual-axis tilt angle. It consists of a sensor module, a wireless transmitting module, a wireless receiving module, and a PC.
  • the sensor module and the wireless transmitting module (with antenna) are mounted on the inside of the guard plate after the moving pulley guard is grown, and the wireless receiving module (with antenna) and the PC are installed at the monitoring point of the crane lifting.
  • the sensor module is composed of a dual-axis tilt sensor and a conditioning circuit.
  • the wireless transmitting module is composed of an A/D conversion part, a wireless receiving and receiving single-chip microcomputer and a transmitting circuit
  • the wireless receiving module is composed of a wireless receiving and receiving single-chip microcomputer, a receiving circuit, and a serial port circuit
  • the PC unit is composed of a PC unit.
  • the size of the guards on both sides of the lifting pulley of the crane lifting pulley (or the splint) is increased by 25 cm.
  • the two side guards are made of FRP, and a beam is still fixed in the lower part of the guard plate.
  • the ⁇ is fixed to the beam and can be rotated along the vertical axis of the shank (with bearing).
  • the measured values of the axes of the three-axis accelerometer mounted on the slow moving object of the hook can be approximated as the components of the gravitational acceleration g in each axis.
  • the inclination angles a x and a y of the X and Y axes are respectively calculated. for:
  • g x , g y , g z are the measured values of the three-axis MEMS accelerometer
  • a receiving control device is installed in the crane operating room, and includes a receiving control device that receives the motion state information and controls the liquid crystal display through the same data transmission module.
  • a column member that bears all the hoisting weights between the fixed pulleys of the gantry crane lifting pulley block and the lifting point of the lifting pulley block.
  • the fixed pulley end of the component is centered with the fixed pulley and the side guard plates.
  • the lifting lug of the fixing point of the component and the mechanism is connected by shackle (but it can not be welded, the welded part can not be yawed together with the hook during lifting, and at the same time it can not meet the different hanging
  • the lifting force acting through the hook at the hook yaw angle is perpendicular to the measuring platform surface fixed on the component described later), and the fixing device is fixed on the component to satisfy the hook yaw angle 0
  • the platform on which the platform is located is a horizontal plane;
  • a laser combined angle measuring instrument That is, a laser generator connected by a ball joint is arranged on the surface of the platform, and a laser reflector with a plane is arranged on the columnar member directly in front of the laser generator, and the plane of the laser reflector is parallel to the plane of the platform, and When the plane of the platform is set to the horizontal plane, the spot emitted by the laser generator on the plane of the reflector is taken as the coordinate origin, and the cross coordinate is marked. At the same time, the origin is centered, and the angle ⁇ between the platform surface and the horizontal plane is equal to 0.25.
  • a wireless camera is mounted on the component connected to the column member, and the power supply line of the gantry crane is designed to supply power to the device, and is also assembled by the component connected to the column member. Protected by a non-magnetic and robust enclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is the angle of the hook. Schematic diagram of laser dynamic display.
  • the size of the guard plates (or splints) on both sides of the lifting pulley of the crane is increased by 20 cm, and a beam is still fixed at the lower part of the guard plate.
  • the hook is fixed on the beam with a bolt, and can be along the hook handle ( With bearing) Vertical axis rotation. Thereby, the distance between the large pulley and the hook hook head is increased, and a space for installing the detecting device on the inner side of the inside of the guard plate (where the space is not occupied) is provided.
  • the inclinometer is equipped with a three-channel remote control switch (the remote control switch is set in the crane operation room to dynamically transmit the crane hook yaw dynamic wireless transmission), and the wireless camera is aligned with the digital display dual-axis inclinometer disk surface.
  • a large-capacity battery is installed inside the other side shield to supply power to the device.
  • the channel, the crane and the traction machinery monitoring point are set at the hoisting command monitoring point or in the collaborative lifting without adding the synergy display. If each of the cranes is provided with the wireless transmitting device and the receiving control device matched thereto according to the above scheme, the cranes can be used for crane lifting in which the crane angle display is added to the synergy display, in addition to the normal operation.
  • the hook angle is equal to the value of the angle between the horizontal surface and the platform, and provided a crane hook angle X, Y axial component, respectively, ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , t y, there are: ( ⁇ ⁇ ) 2 + ( ⁇ ⁇ ) 2 3 ⁇ 4 ( ⁇ ) 2
  • the single-chip processing can display the real-time hook declination value and its angle between the projection of the platform surface and the X-axis.
  • the double-axis inclination or hook detected by the digital double-axis inclinometer can be lifted.
  • Deflection angle and its angle between the horizontal projection and the X-axis (when the hook angle is displayed, it can also be regarded as a universal level, or digital universal level), except that it is displayed outside the operating room of the machine. Displayed in the coordination room and the hoisting command monitoring point.
  • the size of the side guards (or the splints) of the moving pulley of the mobile crane lifting pulley is increased by 30 cm, and a beam is fixed at the lower part of the guard plate.
  • the hook is fixed on the beam with a bolt, and can be hooked along the hook.
  • the handle (with bearing) rotates on the vertical axis. Thereby, the distance between the large pulley and the hook hook head is increased, and a space for mounting the detecting device on the inner side of the inside of the guard plate (where the space is not occupied) is provided.
  • the angle between the X-axis and the ⁇ axis and the horizontal plane reflects the hook yaw angle in the X-axis and the ⁇ -axis component.
  • the measured values of the axes of the three-axis accelerometer mounted on the slow moving object of the hook can be approximated as gravity.
  • the components of the acceleration g in each axis, according to the principle of space vector synthesis, the inclination angles a x and a y of the X and Y axes are respectively calculated as:
  • g x , g y , g z are the measured values of the three-axis MEMS accelerometer
  • the triaxial magnetometer can output the current magnetic field strength values of the two orthogonal axes in the three-dimensional space.
  • the magnetometer determines the rotation angle of the hook plane by measuring the strength of the geomagnetic field.
  • the rotation angle can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the three-axis MEMS accelerometer ADXL312 is used as the inclination measuring sensor, and the micro-magnetometer uses HMR2300 to process the measured signal to wirelessly transmit the device, including the information processing module using the single-chip MSP430F149 to realize the signal acquisition and attitude calculation of the sensor, through the digital transmission module.
  • Send information including the information processing module using the single-chip MSP430F149 to realize the signal acquisition and attitude calculation of the sensor, through the digital transmission module.
  • a receiving control device is installed in the crane operating room, and includes a receiving control device that receives the motion state information and controls the liquid crystal display through the same data transmission module.
  • the real-time hook yaw angle and the azimuth angle (in the north pole direction of the geomagnetic direction) can be displayed in the crane operating room, and the scale of the electronic compass set in the operating room is observed, and the orientation is self-evident.
  • the angle measuring instrument is installed at the end of the shank, which can be regarded as the deterioration of the inner side of the hook yaw moving pulley guard.
  • the hook shank 6 of the hook is along the beam 5 of the fixed hook.
  • the angle measuring instrument is installed on the hook of the growing (dashed line), which can be regarded as "a part of the hook and the moving wheel" (the dotted line of the hook handle), taking one end and the hook Fixed connection, the other end is fixed on the beam 5 with a nut, and can be rotated along the vertical axis of the hook handle. Due to the rotation of the hook and the unfavorable protection against the force of the hook, it is a disadvantage of the hook angle detection.
  • angle measuring instrument can be angle sensor, gyroscope, universal electronic a level gauge, or a combined angle measuring instrument for detecting the inclination of the platform surface, etc., in particular, a universal angle measuring instrument, a dual-axis angle measuring instrument, a three-axis angle measuring instrument or the like which can be used for dynamically detecting the inclination of the platform surface with respect to the horizontal plane
  • the measuring instruments of different types of measuring instruments combined with angle measurement are of course determined from the feasibility and technically and economically.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
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Abstract

公开了一种起重机的吊钩偏角检测装置及具有该装置的起重机,在起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮(1)与吊钩(2)之间或定滑轮(3)与起升滑轮组的固定点(4)之间串连一节部件(5),在所述的节部件(5)上固定装设满足吊钩偏角0度时所设的平台面为水平面的平台,且满足当吊钩偏角0度所述的节部件(5)上固定装设的平台面为水平面时,在不同吊钩偏角下通过吊钩(2)的起升滑轮组提升力作用线仍垂直于在所述的节部件(5)上固定装设的平台面;在所述的平台面上装设角度测量仪以检测吊钩偏角,并经无线传输再现于操作室的屏幕上,为防止斜吊、控制吊钩偏转和实现起重机垂直吊装提供实时的吊钩偏角方向和偏角度数。

Description

吊钩偏角检测、 监测装 ¾¾起«1
技术领域:
本发明涉及起重机领域, 特别涉及一种用于起重机的吊钩偏角检测、 监测装置。 本 发明还涉及一种包括上述吊钩偏角检测、 监测装置的起重机。
背景技术:
起重机要求垂直吊装, 起重施工规范规定 "使用流动式起重机起吊工件时吊钩偏角 不应超过 3度",然而起重机迄今均未设垂直吊装显示, 从而司机无法判断吊钩是否处于 垂直状态, 而要由吊装指挥者, 依据监视被吊重物垂直吊装者提供的信息指挥司机操纵 既不及时又准确。
起重机吊钩偏角的检测, 多年来是通过检测吊钩钢丝绳的角度得到或是通过机器视觉 技术, 检测吊钩垂直姿态, 还有一种是通过直接检测吊装中提升力作用线偏离铅垂线的 角度得到: 201110360173.0在吊装中同吊钩产生相同偏角的提升滑轮组构件上, 装设经 球绞连接的激光发生器, 依据激光发生器发射至反光体反射面的光点, 所处于标出对应 偏角数值同心圆的位置, 动态显示出吊钩偏角的方向和偏角度数; 201110387199.4在提 升滑轮组动滑轮护板外侧上装设测量平台, 且满足起重机吊装垂直度偏差角度 0度时, 测量平台面为水平面, 在台面建立十字垂直坐标, 设置双轴倾角仪测量 X轴向与 Y轴向 的垂直度偏差角度。 由于吊钩偏角检测所涉及的滑轮组件型式众多,零部件名称也不统一, 以下列举两种 比较典型的现有滑轮吊钩组件, 图 1 是一种滑轮二侧设护板的组件示意图, 1一定滑轮, 2—动滑轮, 3—钢丝绳, 4一护板, 5—吊钩; 图 2 是一种滑轮吊钩间增设扼板的组件 示意图, 1一动滑轮, 2—滑轮轴, 3—护板或护板罩, 4一吊钩, 8为滑轮吊钩间增设的 扼板, 吊钩用螺帽 5固定在吊钩横梁 6上, 螺帽与横梁间设有轴承 7 。 发明内容:
本发明的目的是为防止斜吊、 控制吊钩偏摆和起重机垂直吊装提供一种能用于吊钩 偏角检测且有较大的装置装设空间, 既便于装置装设和防护, 又能实时检测吊钩偏角且 增设了协同方显示, 既适用于单机吊装, 又适用于抬吊作业的检测、 监测装置, 同时创 造条件在吊钩偏角检测装置中装设大容量充电电池, 或创造为装置直接供电、 充电的条 件;另一目的是提供一种包括上述吊钩偏角检测、 监测装置的起重机。 本申请文件中的滑 轮护板是将位于滑轮两侧的或支持连接滑轮轴与吊钩横梁的、 称为护板、 夹板、 扼板、 立板等部件统称为滑轮护板, 图 1、 图 2是现有两种比较典型的滑轮吊钩组件; 吊钩偏 角或称吊重摆角是指通过吊钩的起 (提) 升滑轮组的提升力作用线偏离铅垂线的角度。 一种吊钩偏角检测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 其特点是, 在起 重机起升滑轮组动滑轮与吊钩之间或定滑轮与起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节部件, 且满足当吊钩偏角 0度所述的部件上固定装设的平台面为水平面时, 在不同吊钩偏角下 通过吊钩的起升滑轮组提升力作用线仍垂直于在所述的部件上固定装设的平台面, 比如 在起重机提升滑轮组定滑轮与起升滑轮组固定点之间串连一节部件, 所述部件与起升滑 轮组固定点间可以采用卸扣连接但不能采用焊接, 焊死了所述部件在吊装中就不能与吊 钩一起偏摆, 与此同时也就满足不了之后在不同的吊钩偏角下通过吊钩的提升力作用线 仍垂直于在所述的部件上固定装设的平台面了; 在所述的部件上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的平台; 在所述的平台面上装设角度测量仪。
优选的, 在所述的部件两端中的一端与动滑轮两侧护板固定连接或与定滑轮两侧护 板固定连接。 由于所述的部件与动滑轮或定滑轮两侧护板固定连接, 则在所述部件的平 台上建立的坐标, 是以相应的动 (定) 滑轮的方位为参照, 而动 (定) 滑轮的方位相对 明确且可以直接观察, 因而有利于对吊钩偏角方位的确定。
优选的, 上述部件两端中的一端与定滑轮两侧护板固定接时, 所述部件是通过增加 定滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸后, 由所增长出的两侧护板组成。 如通过增加定滑轮两侧护板 长度尺寸后, 在两侧护板上部仍保持设一吊 (环) 轴固定一吊环, 吊环用卸扣与起升滑 轮组固定点连接, 从而拉大滑轮与吊 (环) 轴间距, 提供了在护板内侧空置 (该处及空 间未被佔用, 下同) 的位置上装设检测装置的空间, 为此在起重机起升滑轮组定滑轮与 起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节部件, 且所述部件两端中的一端与滑轮两侧护板固定 连接时, 是增加定滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸, 在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空置的位置上固 定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的平台; 在所述的平台面上装设角度 测量仪。 由于在护板两侧空置的位置上装设, 简化了结构且有利于装置的装设与防护, 但为了无线传输要采取措施, 如可将装设无线发射器一侧的护板或两侧的护板均用无磁 性的玻璃钢制造。
优选的, 吊钩偏角检测装置及上述平台面上装设检测吊钩偏角 (直接检测出吊钩偏 角或依据检测数值经单片机处理输出吊钩偏角或显示吊钩偏角, 下同) 的角度测量仪: 可以是检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测量仪; 可以是检测平台面相对于水平 面二维倾角的双轴角度测量仪; 还可以是检测平台倾斜角度的三轴角度测量仪; 以及检 测平台倾角组合的角度测量仪。因为:当出现吊钩偏角时所述平台面与水平面间夹角 ZA, 数值上等于起重机提升滑轮组的垂直度偏差角度或吊钩偏角 ZB (如图 3所示, 因 ZC= ZD=90度, 故 ZA= ZB) , 吊钩偏角于平台面投影即垂直于所述平台面与水平面交线, 指向朝平台面高端;还可通过双轴角度测量仪检测确定所述平台面相对于水平面的倾角, 因为所述平台面与水平面间夹角数值上等于吊钩偏角, 由于吊钩偏角只在几度内检测控 制, 如 6度为 0. 1047, 因而可依据二维 X、 Y轴向倾角的平方和近似等于所述的平台面 相对于水平面倾角的平方, 及依据二维 X、 Y轴向倾角的数值, 经吊钩偏角监测装置的单 片机处理而输出所述的平台面相对于水平面的倾角数值或吊钩偏角; 同理依据所述平台 面与水平面间夹角数值上等于吊钩偏角 ,还可以应用三轴角度测量仪, 如在平台面居中 建立三轴直角坐标装设三轴加速度计测量平台的倾斜角度, 通过单芯片的应用, 将三轴 加速度计的输出电压运算并转换成角度或吊钩偏角输出或显示在液晶显示器 (LCD)上;此 外依据所述平台面与水平面间夹角数值上等于吊钩偏角, 还有将可用于角度测量组合的
优选的, 上述平台面上装设角度测量仪为检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角的万向 水平仪; 或为检测平台面相对于水平面二维倾角的双轴角度传感器, 尤其是需要输出吊 钩偏角数值者; 或为检测所述平台面倾角的三轴角度测量仪; 或为检测所述平台面倾角 的组合的测量仪, 如激光组合角度测量仪。
由于所设平台面与水平面夹角等于吊钩偏角, 故设 α、 α χ、 a y 分别为起重机吊钩偏 角或所设平台面与水平面夹角及其 X 、 Y轴向分量, 且吊钩偏角只在几度内检测控制, 则有: ( a J 2 + ( a y) 2 a ) 2 吊钩偏角投影偏离 X轴向角度 β x= arctan( a y)/ ( a x) , 故经单片机处理, 可输出或液晶显示器 (LCD)上显示实时的吊钩偏角数值,及其投影偏离 X轴向的方位角, 本申请文件中的万向水平仪是指检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角并 能直接显示出倾角 (吊钩偏角) 数值的角度测量仪 (如经双轴倾角检测并经单片机处理 直接显示出吊钩偏角数值的测量仪),其中传统气泡显示的万向水平仪, 虽有结构简单价 廉、 维护量小等优点, 但是不能用在运动体上检测, 若装设于要求不高的桅杆式起重机 定滑轮上检测可试看行不行? , 因为定滑轮比动滑轮摆动的线速度慢得多。 一种吊钩偏角监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 装设吊钩偏角检 测装置和将所测吊钩偏角信号发射的无线发射装置,在起重机操作室装设接收处理无线 发射的、将吊钩偏角动态显示的接收控制装置, 其特点是: 在起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮 与吊钩之间或定滑轮与起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节部件, 且满足当吊钩偏角 0 度所述的部件上固定装设的平台面为水平面时,在不同吊钩偏角下通过吊钩的起升滑轮 组提升力作用线仍垂直于在所述的部件上固定装设的平台面;在所述的部件上固定装设 满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的平台,和装设将所测信号发射的无线发射 装置; 在所述的平台面上装设角度测量仪。
优选的,上述在所述的部件两端中的一端与动滑轮两侧护板固定连接或与定滑轮两 侧护板固定连接。
优选的, 上述在起重机起升滑轮组定滑轮与起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节部 件, 且所述部件两端中的一端与滑轮两侧护板固定连接时, 是增加定滑轮两侧护板长度 尺寸,在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平 台面为水平面的平台,和装设将所测信号发射的无线发射装置; 在所述的平台面上装设 角度测量仪。
优选的,上述平台面上装设角度测量仪为检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角的万向 水平仪; 或为检测平台面相对于水平面二维倾角的双轴角度传感器; 或为检测所述平台 面倾角的三轴角度测量仪; 或检测所述平台面倾角的激光组合角度测量仪。
在所述部件两端中的一端与动滑轮两侧护板固定连接时,通过增加动滑轮两侧护板 长度尺寸后, 护板下部仍保持固定一横梁, 吊钩钩柄仍设置于两侧护板的对称中心线上, 吊钩用螺毋固定在横梁上, 从而拉大滑轮与吊钩钩头间距, 提供了在护板内侧空置 (该 处及空间未被佔用, 下同) 的位置上装设检测装置的空间, 而在动滑轮两侧护板内侧空 置的位置上装设检测装置, 自身满足当吊钩偏角 0度所述的部件上固定装设的平台面为 水平面时, 在不同吊钩偏角下通过吊钩的起升滑轮组提升力作用线仍垂直于在所述的部 件上固定装设的平台面, 为此可以作为另一种方案: 一种吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧检测 装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 吊钩钩柄仍设置于两侧护板的对称中心 线上, 其特点是, 增加起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸后, 在所增长出的两 侧护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的平台; 在所述的平台面上装设角度测量仪。 由于在护板两侧空置的位置上装设, 简化了结构且 有利于装置的装设与防护。
优选的,上述在所述平台面上装设角度测量仪为检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角 的万向水平仪; 或为检测平台面相对于水平面二维倾角的双轴角度传感器; 或为检测所 述平台面倾角的三轴角度测量仪; 或检测所述平台面倾角的激光组合角度测量仪。
一种吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 装设检测吊钩偏角装置和将所测吊钩偏角信号无线发射的发射装置, 在起重机操作室装 设接收处理无线发射的、 将吊钩偏角动态显示的接收、 控制显示装置, 其特点是, 增加 起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸, 在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空置的位置上 固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的平台, 和装设将所测信号无线发 射的发射装置; 在所述的平台面上装设角度测量仪。 由于在护板两侧空置的内侧上装设, 简化了结构且有利于装置的装设与防护, 但为了无线传输要采取措施, 如将装设无线发 射器一侧的护板或两侧的护板均用无磁性的玻璃钢制造。
优选的, 上述在所述平台面上装设角度测量仪为检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角 的万向水平仪; 或为检测平台面相对于水平面二维倾角的双轴角度传感器; 或为检测所 述平台面倾角的三轴角度测量仪; 或为检测所述平台面倾角的组合的测量仪。
鉴于抬吊与单机吊装均为流动式起重机的基本作业,抬吊要求在协同吊装下进 行, 抬吊双方互为协同方, 抬吊的操纵要从整体出发, 要依据双方起重机吊钩偏 角变动的比较进行操纵, 为此既要掌握自身吊钩偏角的动态, 又要掌握协同方吊 钩偏角的动态;尤其是在大型立式设备的主、 辅机抬吊时, 辅机抬送速度与主机 提升速度之比值,应等于主、辅机吊点间连线的斜率,才能实现垂直吊装,且主、 辅机吊钩产生的 (主、 辅机间)偏角绝对值大小, 约与主、 辅机各自承担的载荷 成反比, 若主、 辅机各自承担载荷为 4: 1, 当主机吊钩偏角滞后 0.75° (尚不易 觉察), 而辅机吊钩偏角竟超前 3°, 若此时设备仰角为 75°, 则辅机承担的载荷 竟是吊钩偏角 0°时的 1. 25倍, 且辅机吊钩偏角达到允许值时, 主机吊钩偏角也 必符合要求, 因而主、辅机司机均应以辅机显示的吊钩偏角不大于允许值为前提 进行操纵, 故更有必要将辅机吊钩偏角的动态同时显示于主、 辅机操作室; 此外 单机滑移法吊装立式重物要通过起重机提升速度与其它机械牵引重物滑移速度 的配合才能实现垂直吊装,故也有必要将吊钩偏角动态显示于协同吊装的牵引机 械监控点。
由于受力明确吊装的独立吊点数只能 3, 因而一般是双机或三机抬吊, 故可 以设计一种双机或三机抬吊时通用的吊钩偏角协同方监测装置。
一种吊钩偏角增设协同方显示监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测 量仪,装设检测吊钩偏角装置和将所测吊钩偏角信号发射的无线发射装置,在起 重机操作室装设接收处理无线发射的、 将吊钩偏角动态显示的接收控制装置,其 特点是:
(1)增加起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸,在所增长出的两侧护板 内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台, 并装设一套二频道遥控切换的无线发射装置及在起重机操作室配套装设二套二 频道切换的接收控制装置,或装设一套三频道遥控切换的无线发射装置及在起重 机操作室配套装设三套三频道切换的接收控制装置,同时在所述的平台面上装设 角度测量仪;
(2) 在起重机操作室可预备一套或以上与无线发射装置配套且相同频道切 换的便携式接收控制装置。
上述无线发射装置的遥控开关设于本起重机操作室。
上述三频道遥控切换的无线发射装置用于三机或双机抬吊, 二频道遥控切换 的无线发射装置用于双机抬吊,若在各起重机均按吊钩偏角增设协同方显示监测 装置方案设置无线发射装置和与其配套的接收控制装置,则各起重机除用于正常 作业外, 可通用于吊钩偏角增设协同方显示的起重机抬吊。
当起重机选作抬吊时, 每台起重机通过设于本起重机操作室的遥控开关各佔 用一个频道, 设于本起重机操作室的接收控制装置, 除一套切换至本机频道,将 本机吊钩偏角动态显示于本机操作室外,同时将接收协同方的接收控制装置切换 至协同方起重机频道, 将协同方吊钩偏角动态再显示于本机操作室屏幕上。
上述便携式接收控制装置设于协同吊装的吊装指挥监控点, 或设于协同吊装 却未增设协同方显示的起重机及牵引机械监控点。
由于吊钩偏角数值上等于所述平台面与水平面间夹角, 吊钩偏角于平台面投影即垂 直于所述平台面与水平面交线, 指向朝平台面高端; 吊钩偏角分量于平台面投影即位于
X、 Y轴向上, 并依吊钩偏角分量的正、 负号显示其指向, 因而吊钩偏角的方位角是以 在所述平台面建立的坐标为参照, 对于起重机吊钩偏角的方位角监测有较高要求者, 可 装设以地磁为参照的方位角测量仪测量。 包括在所述平台面建立坐标, 装设角度测量仪 的同时装设地磁场测量仪, 通过检测计算出吊钩以地磁北极方向为初始角的平面旋转角 度 (但是由于周边強磁干扰应对旋转角誤差补偿), 并将所测信号处理无线发射, 包括 信息处理模块使用单片机实现对传感器的信号采集和姿态解算, 通过数传模块将信息发 送, 在起重机操作室装设接收控制装置, 包括通过相同的数传模块接收运动状态信息并 控制液晶显示实时的吊钩偏角和 (以地磁北极方向为初始角的) 方位角, 经观察设置于 操作室的电子罗盘的刻度, 方位自明。 因而: 一种吊钩偏角及磁方位角监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 装设 检测吊钩偏角装置和将所测吊钩偏角及方位角信号发射的无线发射装置, 在起重机操 作室装设接收处理无线发射的、 将吊钩偏角与方位动态显示的接收控制装置, 其特点 是, 增加起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸, 在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空 置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台; 在所述的平台 面上装设角度测量仪、 同时装设地磁场测量仪。 优选的, 上述平台面上装设的角度测量仪是三轴加速度计, 装设的地磁场测量仪是 三轴磁強计, 且三轴磁強计三轴直角坐标与三轴加速度计三轴直角坐标的 z轴线位于一 直线上, X、 Y轴线相平行。 本发明起重机, 其特点是, 包括所述的吊钩偏角检测装置、 吊钩偏角监测装置,或 包括所述的吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧检测装置、 吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧监测装置, 或包括所述的吊钩偏角增设协同方显示监测装置, 或包括所述的吊钩偏角及磁方位角 监测装置。
本发明较好地克服了起重机要求垂直吊装却未设置垂直吊装显示, 为防止斜吊、控制 吊钩偏摆和起重机垂直吊装提供一种能用于吊钩偏角检测且有较大的装置装设空间, 既 便于装置装设和防护, 又能实时检测吊钩偏角且增设了协同方显示, 既适用于单机吊装, 又适用于抬吊作业的检测、 监测装置, 和包括上述检测监测装置的起重机, 届时司机即 可依据屏幕上显示的吊钩偏角动态, 控制起重机消除吊钩偏角实现垂直吊装。 附图说明:
图 1一种滑轮二侧设护板的的组件示意图
图 2 —种滑轮吊钩间增设扼板的组件示意图
图 3吊钩垂直度偏差检测原理说明图
图 4本发明的实施构造示意图。
图 5专用水平泡显示实时吊钩偏角示意图
图 6吊钩偏角双轴角度传感器无线采集方框图
图 7吊钩偏角激光动态显示示意图
图 8增加护板长度变劣方案一示意图
图 9增加护板长度变劣方案二示意图
图 10串连一节部件变劣方案示意图 具体实 式:
实现在起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮 1与吊钩 2之间或定滑轮 3与起升滑轮组固定点 4 之间串连一节部件 5, 如图 4所示, 在所述部件上装设吊钩偏角检测监测装置, 以及实 现装设有吊钩偏角检测监测装置的起重机, 以下是实施例:
1一种吊钩偏角万向水平仪检测监测装置
1.1一种吊钩偏角万向水平仪检测装置
图 5是专用气泡式万向水平仪显示实时吊钩偏角示意图。
(1)将桅杆式起重机起升滑轮组定滑轮两侧护板尺寸各增长 20公分, 且将两侧护板改 用玻璃钢制造, 同时在两侧护板上部设一吊 (环) 轴固定一吊环, 吊环用卸扣与起升滑 轮组固定点的吊耳连接。
(2)在护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的 平台; 在所述的平台面居中建立十字垂直坐标, 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面倾 角的万向水平仪。
1.2一种吊钩偏角万向水平仪监测装置
(1)首先将桅杆式起重机起升滑轮组定滑轮两侧护板尺寸各增长 20公分, 且将两侧护 板改用玻璃钢制造, 同时在两侧护板上部仍保持设一吊 (环) 轴固定一吊环, 吊环用卸 扣与起升滑轮组固定点的吊耳连接。 (2)在护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的平 台; 在所述的平台面居中建立十字垂直坐标, 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面倾角 的万向水平仪, 在万向水平仪上方装设无线摄像头, 并在另一侧护板内侧装设大容量电 池对装置供电;
(3)在起重机操作室装设与无线摄像头配套的无线接收机、 控制显示器, 将吊装中万向 水平仪检测的图像放大后, 显示于监控点的屏幕上。
2、 一种吊钩偏角双轴角度传感器监测装置
(1)首先将起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板 (或称夹板)尺寸各增长 25公分, 在护板 下部仍保持固定一横梁, 吊钩用螺毋固定在横梁上, 可沿钩柄 (配有轴承) 垂直轴线转 动。 从而拉大滑轮与吊钩钩头间距, 提供了在护板内侧空置 (该处及空间未被佔用) 的 位置上装设检测装置的空间。
(2) 在护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的 平台; 在所述的平台面居中建立十字垂直坐标, 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面二 维倾角的 MEMS双轴角度传感器, 同时装设无线发射器 (主要由传感器模块, 无线发 射模块配天线组成) ;并在另一侧护板内侧装设大容量电池对装置供电。
(3)在起重机操作室装设无线接收器、 天线, 和控制显示器 (主要由无线接收模块配天 线和 PC机组成), 图 6为双轴倾角无线采集方框图。 由传感器模块, 无线发射模块, 无 线接收模块, PC机 4部分组成。 传感器模块和无线发射模块(配天线)装设于动滑轮护 板增长后的护板内侧上, 无线接收模块 (配天线)和 PC机装设于起重机吊装的监控点。 其中传感器模块由双轴倾角传感器、 调理电路组成, 无线发射模块由 A/D转换部分、 无 线收发单片机和发射电路组成, 无线接收模块由无线收发单片机、 接收电路, 及串口电 路组成, PC机部分主要由 PC机及串口通信软件、 LED指示电路组成。
由于所述平台面与水平面间夹角数值上等于吊钩偏角, 设起重机吊钩偏角及其 X 、Y 轴向分量, 分别为 t、 t x、 t y , 则有:
(sin a ) 2 = (sin a x) + (sin a y) 又由于吊钩偏角只在几度内检测控制, 如 6 度为 0· 1047 因而 ( a 2 +( a y) 2;¾( a ) 2 吊钩偏角投影偏离 X轴向角度 β x= arctan( a y)/ ( α x) , 故实时 X 、 Υ轴向倾角经 PC 机处理, 可输出或液晶显示器 (LCD)上显示实时的吊钩偏角数值,及其于平台面投影与 X 轴向的夹角。 3、 一种吊钩偏角三轴加速度计监测装置
(1) 首先将起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板 (或称夹板)尺寸各增长 25公分, 同时将 两侧护板改用玻璃钢制造, 在护板下部仍保持固定一横梁, 吊钩用螺毋固定在横梁上, 可沿钩柄 (配有轴承) 垂直轴线转动。
(2)在护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的 平台, 在所述的平台面居中建立 X、 Υ、 Ζ三轴直角坐标, 装设三轴加速度计, 并装设将 所测信号、处理无线发射的装置,包括信息处理模块使用单片机实现对传感器的信号采集 和姿态解算, 通过数传模块将信息发送, 同时在另一侧护板内侧上装设大容量电池对装 置供电。
在吊钩缓慢运动物体上安装的三轴加速度计的各轴测量值可近似认为是重力加速度 g 在各轴的分量, 按照空间矢量合成原理, X、 Y轴的倾角 a x、 a y计算分别为:
. 2
αχ =arcsm , χ
Figure imgf000012_0001
式中: gx、 gy、 gz为三轴 MEMS加速度计的测量值
由于所设平台面与水平面夹角等于吊钩偏角, 故设 α、 α χ、 a y 分别为起重机吊钩偏 角或所设平台面与水平面夹角及其 X 、 Y轴向分量, 且吊钩偏角只在几度内检测控制, 则有:
( a J 2 +( a y) 2 ¾( a ) 2 吊钩偏角投影偏离 X轴向角度 β x= arctan( a y)/ ( α χ) , 故 经单片机处理, 可输出或液晶显示器 (LCD)上显示实时的吊钩偏角数值,及其投影偏离 X 轴向的方位角。
(3)在起重机操作室装设接收控制装置, 包括通过相同的数传模块接收运动状态信息并 控制液晶显示的接收控制装置。
4、 一种吊钩偏角激光组合监测装置
(1)在门式起重机提升滑轮组定滑轮与起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节承担全部吊 重的柱状部件, 部件的定滑轮端采用部件与定滑轮对中且与两侧护板固定连接, 部件与 机构固定点的吊耳采用卸扣连接 (但不能采用焊接, 焊死了所述部件在吊装中就不能与 吊钩一起偏摆, 与此同时也就满足不了在不同的吊钩偏角下通过吊钩的提升力作用线垂 直于在之后所述的部件上固定装设的测量平台面了), 在部件上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0 度时所设的平台面为水平面的平台;
(2)装设激光组合角度测量仪。 即在所设平台面上装设经球绞连接后的激光发生器, 在 激光发生器正前方于柱状构件上装设带平面的激光反光体, 且满足激光反光体平面与所 设平台面平行, 同时在所设平台面为水平面时以激光发生器发射于反光体平面上的光点 为坐标原点, 标出十字坐标, 同时以原点为圆心, 分别各按所设平台面与水平面夹角 α 等于 0.25度、 0.5度、 1.25度、 1.5度、 1.75度、 2度、 2.25度、 2.5度、 2.75度、 3度、 3.5度、 4度时激光的光点至原点间距 r (r=Rtan a, R为球绞中心至水平面垂距)为半径, 在反光体平面上刻出与偏角 a—一对应的同心圆, 并标出对应的偏角度数, 原点标为 0 度;
(3)在激光反光体平面下方, 于柱状部件相连的组件上装设无线摄像头, 并利用门式起 重机小车的电源线设计为装置供电的电源, 同时通过与所述的与柱状部件相连的组件装 设无磁性坚固的外壳加以防护。
(4)在起重机操作室装设与无线摄像头配套的无线接收机、 控制显示器, 将吊装中在起 重机吊钩偏角激光平面检测装置的反光体平面上图象放大 5倍后显示于屏幕上, 并依据 图像中激光发生器发射至反光体平面的光点, 所处于标出对应偏角数值的同心圆位置, 动态显示出吊钩偏角的方向和偏角度数, 图 7是吊钩偏角激光动态显示示意图。
5、 一种吊钩偏角增设协同方显示数显双轴倾角仪监测装置
(1)首先将起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板 (或称夹板)尺寸各增长 20公分, 在护板 下部仍保持固定一横梁, 吊钩用螺毋固定在横梁上, 可沿钩柄 (配有轴承) 垂直轴线转 动。 从而拉大滑轮与吊钩钩头间距, 提供了在护板内侧空置 (该处及空间未被佔用) 的 内侧上装设检测装置的空间。
(2) 在护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的平台面为水平面的 平台; 在所述的平台面居中建立十字垂直坐标, 装设数显双轴倾角仪, 同时装设一套三 频道遥控切换 (遥控开关设于本起重机操作室的将本起重机吊钩偏角动态无线发射) 的 无线摄像头, 并将无线摄像头对准数显双轴倾角仪盘面;在另一侧护板内侧装设大容量电 池对装置供电。
(3)在起重机操作室装设三套三频道切换的与无线摄像头配套的接收控制装置
(4)预备一套与无线发射装置配套三频道切换的(显示本机吊钩偏角动态)的便携式接收 控制装置 当起重机选作抬吊时, 通过设于本起重机操作室的遥控开关各佔用一个频道, 设于本起 重机操作室的接收机控制装置, 除一套切换至本机频道将本机吊钩偏角动态显示于本机操 作室外, 同时将接收协同方的接收控制装置切换至协同方起重机频道, 将协同方吊钩偏角 动态再显示于本机操作室屏幕上, 便携式接收控制装置切换至本机频道、 设于吊装指挥监 控点或设于协同吊装却未增设协同方显示的起重机及牵引机械监控点。若在各起重机均按 上述方案设置无线发射装置和与其配套的接收控制装置, 则各起重机除用于正常作业外, 可通用于吊钩偏角增设协同方显示的起重机抬吊。 由于所述平台面与水平面间夹角数值上等于吊钩偏角, 设起重机吊钩偏角及其 X 、Y 轴向分量, 分别为 α、 α χ、 t y , 则有: (α χ) 2 +( α γ) 2 ¾ ( α ) 2 吊钩偏角投影偏离 轴向角度^^= &1^&^ (1 3?)/ ( (1 ?;), 故实时 X 、 Υ轴向倾角经单片 机处理, 可显示实时的吊钩偏角数值, 及其于平台面投影与 X轴向的夹角。 因而抬吊时, 可将吊装中数显双轴倾角仪检测的双轴倾角或吊钩偏角及其于水平面投影 与 X轴间夹角 (当显示吊钩偏角时也可视为是一种万向水平仪, 或称数显万向水平仪), 除显示于本机操作室外, 同时显示于协同方操作室和吊装指挥监控点。
6一种吊钩偏角磁方位角监测装置
(1)首先将流动式起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板 (或称夹板)尺寸各增长 30公分, 在护板下部仍保持固定一横梁, 吊钩用螺毋固定在横梁上, 可沿钩柄 (配有轴承) 垂直 轴线转动。 从而拉大滑轮与吊钩钩头间距, 提供了在护板内侧空置 (该处及空间未被佔 用) 的内侧上装设检测装置的空间。
(2) 在护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的上、 下二层平台面 相平行且均为水平面的平台, 和装设将所测信号处理发射的无线发射装置; 在所述的下 层平台面居中建立三轴直角坐标, 装设三轴加速度计, 在所述的上层平台面居中建立三 轴直角坐标, 装设三轴磁強计, 且三轴磁強计与三轴加速度计的 Ζ轴线位于一直线上, X、 Υ轴线相平行, 并在另一侧护板内侧装设大容量电池对装置供电。
倾角 X轴和 Υ轴与水平面的夹角, 反映吊钩偏角于 X轴向和 Υ轴向分量, 在吊钩缓 慢运动物体上安装的三轴加速度计的各轴测量值可近似认为是重力加速度 g在各轴的分 量, 按照空间矢量合成原理, X、 Y轴的倾角 a x、 a y计算分别为:
Figure imgf000015_0001
式中: gx、 gy、 gz为三轴 MEMS加速度计的测量值
三轴磁強计可以输出立体空间内两两正交的 3个轴的当前磁场強度值,磁強计通过测 量地磁场強度确定吊钩平面旋转角, 旋转角可以通过下式计算:
Φ = arctan(YH) I (xH) 式中: XH、 YH — 磁強计读出的 X、 Y轴磁场強度。 现以初始角度取地磁北极方向,则可确定吊钩挂载后相对地磁北极方向的旋转角度(由 于周边強磁干扰应对旋转角誤差补偿)
三轴 MEMS加速度计 ADXL312作为倾角测量传感器,微磁強计采用 HMR2300, 将所 测信号处理无线发射的装置, 包括信息处理模块使用单片机 MSP430F149实现对传感器 的信号采集和姿态解算, 通过数传模块将信息发送
(3)在起重机操作室装设接收控制装置,包括通过相同的数传模块接收运动状态信息 并控制液晶显示的接收控制装置。
因而可在起重机操作室显示实时的吊钩偏角和(以地磁北极方向为初始角的)方位 角, 经观察设置于操作室的电子罗盘的刻度, 方位自明。
应当说明以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式 1-6只是举例,对于本领域普通技术人员, 按本发明所作出的若干更改和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。 现以图 8-10的动滑轮 2 与吊钩 7的组件示意图为例说明 (图中 1为提升钢丝绳, 3为滑轮轴), 比如图 8所示, 同等量增加两侧护板 4长度尺寸后, 不在护板内侧装设角度测量仪, 而在所增的空间将 吊钩钩柄 6增长(虚线部分), 在所增长的钩柄上装设角度测量仪, 或如图 9所示在吊钩 钩柄端部装设角度测量仪, 均可视为是吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧检测的变劣方案, 又如 图 10所示, 将吊钩的钩柄 6沿固定吊钩的横梁 5的下方增长, 在所增长 (虚线部分)的 钩柄上装设角度测量仪, 则可视为是在 "吊钩与动轮间串连一节部件"(钩柄虚线部分), 采取一端与吊钩固定连接, 另一端用螺母固定在横梁 5上, 并可沿钩柄垂直轴线转动, 由于吊钩转动、 且不利于防护影响吊钩受力等, 因而属于吊钩偏角检测的变劣方案, 或 可认为在增长的吊钩钩柄上装设角度测量仪与在增长两侧护板的内侧装设角度测量仪的 特征等同; 在装设测量仪方面, 比如地磁场测量仪可以为地磁传感器、 磁通门传感器、 霍尔传感器、 磁敏方位传感器等等, 角度测量仪可以为角度传感器、 陀螺仪、 万向电子 水平仪、 或检测平台面倾角的组合角度测量仪等等, 尤其是可用于动态检测所述的平台 面相对于水平面倾角的万向角度测量仪、 双轴角度测量仪、 三轴角度测量仪或将可用于 角度测量的、 不同类型测量仪组合的测量仪, 当然在具体选用时要从是否可行以及技术 上、 经济上比较确定。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种吊钩偏角检测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 其特征是, 在起 重机起升滑轮组动滑轮与吊钩之间或定滑轮与起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节部件, 且满足当吊钩偏角 0°所述的部件上固定装设的平台面为水平面时, 在不同吊钩偏角下通 过吊钩的起升滑轮组提升力作用线仍垂直于在所述的部件上固定装设的平台面; 在所述 的部件上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台; 在所述的平台面上 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测量仪。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的吊钩偏角检测装置, 其特征是, 所述部件两端中的一端与滑 轮两侧护板固定连接。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的吊钩偏角检测装置, 其特征是, 在起重机起升滑轮组定滑轮 与起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节部件, 且所述部件两端中的一端与滑轮两侧护板固 定连接时, 是同等量增加定滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸, 在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空置的 位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台; 在所述的平台面上装 设角度测量仪。
4、 一种吊钩偏角监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 装设吊钩偏角检 测装置和将所测吊钩偏角信号发射的无线发射装置, 在起重机操作室装设接收处理无线 发射的、 将吊钩偏角动态显示的接收控制装置, 其特征是, 在起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮 与吊钩之间或定滑轮与起升滑轮组的固定点之间, 串连一节部件, 且满足当吊钩偏角 0° 所述的部件上固定装设的平台面为水平面时, 在不同吊钩偏角下通过吊钩的起升滑轮组 提升力作用线仍垂直于在所述的部件上固定装设的平台面; 在所述的部件上固定装设满 足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的测量平台; 在所述的平台面上装设检测所述的 平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测量仪。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的吊钩偏角监测装置, 其特征是, 所述部件两端中的一端与滑 轮两侧护板固定连接。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的吊钩偏角监测装置, 其特征是, 在起重机起升滑轮组定滑轮 与起升滑轮组的固定点之间串连一节部件, 且所述部件两端中的一端与滑轮两侧护板固 定连接时, 是同等量增加定滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸, 在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空置的 位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台, 在所述的平台面上居 中建立直角坐标, 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测量仪, 和装设将所 测信号处理发射的无线发射装置, 以及装设对装置供电电池。
7、 一种吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧检测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 其特征是, 同等量增加起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸后, 在所增长出的两 侧护板内侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台; 在 所述的平台面上居中建立直角坐标, 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测
8、根据权利要求 7所述的吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧检测装置, 其特征是, 在所述平台 面上装设角度测量仪为检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角的万向水平仪; 或检测平台面 相对于水平面二维倾角的双轴角度传感器; 或检测所述平台面倾角的三轴角度测量仪; 或检测所述平台面倾角的激光组合角度测量仪。
9、 一种吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 装设检测吊钩偏角装置和将所测吊钩偏角信号发射的无线发射装置, 在起重机操作室装 设接收处理无线发射的、 将吊钩偏角动态显示的接收控制装置, 其特征是, 同等量增加 起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸, 在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空置的位置上 固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台, 在所述的平台面上居中建立 直角坐标, 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测量仪, 和装设将所测信号 处理发射的无线发射装置, 以及装设对装置供电电池。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧监测装置, 其特征是, 在所述平 台面上装设角度测量仪为检测所述平台面相对于水平面倾角的万向水平仪; 或检测平台 面相对于水平面二维倾角的双轴角度传感器;或检测所述平台面倾角的三轴角度测量仪; 或检测所述平台面倾角的激光组合角度测量仪。
11、 一种吊钩偏角增设协同方显示监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 装设检测吊钩偏角装置和将所测吊钩偏角信号发射的无线发射装置, 在起重机操作室装 设接收处理无线发射的、 将吊钩偏角动态显示的接收控制装置, 其特征是:
(1)同等量增加起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸,在所增长出的两侧护板内 侧空置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台, 在所述的平 台面上居中建立直角坐标, 装设检测所述的平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测量仪, 并 装设一套二频道遥控切换的无线发射装置,或装设一套三频道遥控切换的无线发射装置, 以及装设对装置供电电池。 (2) 在起重机操作室装设与二频道遥控切换无线发射装置配套的二套二频道切换的 接收控制装置, 或装设与三频道遥控切换无线发射装置配套的三套三频道切换的接收控 制装置。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的吊钩偏角增设协同方显示监测装置, 其特征是, 所述的 无线发射装置的遥控开关设于本起重机操作室, 所述的无线发射装置是无线摄像头, 所 述的角度测量仪是数显双轴倾角仪, 或数显万向水平仪。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的吊钩偏角增设协同方显示监测装置, 其特征是, 当所述 起重机选作抬吊时, 每台起重机通过设于本起重机操作室的遥控开关各佔用一个频道, 设于本起重机操作室的接收控制装置, 除一套切换至本机频道, 将本机吊钩偏角动态显 示于本机操作室外, 同时将接收协同方的接收控制装置切换至协同方起重机频道, 将协 同方吊钩偏角动态再显示于本机操作室。
14、 一种吊钩偏角及磁方位角监测装置, 用于起重机, 包括至少一个角度测量仪, 装 设检测吊钩偏角装置和将所测吊钩偏角及方位角信号发射的无线发射装置, 在起重机操 作室装设接收处理无线发射的、将吊钩偏角与方位动态显示的接收控制装置,其特征是, 同等量增加起重机起升滑轮组动滑轮两侧护板长度尺寸, 在所增长出的两侧护板内侧空 置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0°时所设的平台面为水平面的平台, 在所设的平台面 居中建立直角坐标, 装设检测所设平台面相对于水平面倾角的角度测量仪及地磁场测量 仪, 和装设将所测信号处理发射的无线发射装置, 以及装设对装置供电电池。
15、根据权利要求 14所述的吊钩偏角及磁方位角监测装置, 其特征是, 在护板内侧空 置的位置上固定装设满足吊钩偏角 0度时所设的上、 下二层平台面相平行且均为水平面 的平台, 在所述的下层平台面居中建立三轴直角坐标, 装设三轴加速度计, 在所述的上 层平台面居中建立三轴直角坐标, 装设三轴磁強计, 且三轴磁強计与三轴加速度计的 Z 轴线位于一直线上, X、 Y轴线相平行。
16、 一种起重机, 其特征是, 包括权利要求 1-3所述的吊钩偏角检测装置、 权利要求 4-6所述的吊钩偏角监测装置,或包括权利要求 7-8所述的吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧检测 装置、 权利要求 9-10所述的吊钩偏角动滑轮护板内侧监测装置, 或包括权利要求 11-13 所述的吊钩偏角增设协同方显示监测装置, 或包括权利要求 14、 15所述的吊钩偏角及磁 方位角监测装置。
PCT/CN2013/090644 2013-01-10 2013-12-27 吊钩偏角检测、监测装置及起重机 WO2014108033A1 (zh)

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