WO2014097637A1 - 指向性マイクロホン装置、音響信号処理方法およびプログラム - Google Patents
指向性マイクロホン装置、音響信号処理方法およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
- H04R1/342—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
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- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
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- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
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- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
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- G10L21/0216—Noise filtering characterised by the method used for estimating noise
- G10L2021/02161—Number of inputs available containing the signal or the noise to be suppressed
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- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
- H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
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- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a directional microphone device, an acoustic signal processing method, and a program.
- Patent Document 1 cannot form directivity having a sufficiently narrow directivity angle with respect to the target direction. Therefore, there is a problem that sounds other than the target direction (other than the front) (sounds other than the target sound) are collected.
- the present invention focuses on the above-described problems, and provides a directional microphone device, an acoustic signal processing method, and a program that can form a directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to a target direction. Objective.
- a directional microphone device includes a first directivity synthesis unit that generates a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in a target direction, and a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction.
- a second directivity synthesis unit that generates a second acoustic signal having the second directivity synthesis unit, and a second directivity synthesis unit that produces the second acoustic signal generated by the second directivity synthesis unit.
- Noise suppression is performed using the correction unit to be generated and the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit as a main signal, and the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit as a reference signal.
- the directivity of the first acoustic signal in the target direction is And a suppression unit produces an output acoustic signal keratinized.
- the directional microphone device of the present invention can form directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to the target direction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a directional microphone device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the correction unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the suppression unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a characteristic diagram showing a directivity pattern of the first microphone in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4B is a characteristic diagram showing a directivity pattern of the second microphone in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a directional microphone device according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the suppression unit in the modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the directional microphone device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of the directional microphone device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the first directivity synthesis unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the second directivity synthesis unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a correction unit according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 15B is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the correction unit according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the directivity pattern of the input signal and the output signal of the correction unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a directional microphone device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a directional microphone device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the third directivity synthesis unit in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the configuration of the directional microphone device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a conventional directional microphone device.
- the target sound direction refers to the directivity main axis of the directivity characteristic of the microphone device.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a conventional directional microphone device.
- the directional microphone device shown in FIG. 21 includes a first microphone unit 901, a second microphone unit 902, a determination unit 910, an adaptive filter unit 920, a signal subtraction unit 930, and a noise suppression filter coefficient calculation unit 940. And a time-varying coefficient filter unit 950.
- a sound pressure gradient type main signal having a directional main axis in a target direction output from the first microphone unit 901 and the second microphone unit 902 are output.
- the frequency analysis is performed for each of the sound pressure gradient type reference signals having sensitivity blind spots in the target direction.
- the noise suppression filter coefficient calculation unit 940 estimates the power spectrum of the sound other than the target direction included in the main signal based on the power spectra of the main signal and the reference signal, and based on the estimated power spectrum.
- a filter coefficient for suppressing sound other than the target direction is calculated.
- the time-varying coefficient filter unit 950 suppresses sounds other than the target direction by performing filter processing on the main signal, and emphasizes the sound in the target direction.
- the sound pressure gradient type directivity synthesis method is used for the reference signal, and it is difficult to form the sensitivity blind spot with respect to the target direction sufficiently narrow (form the angle range sufficiently narrow).
- the noise suppression filter coefficient calculation unit 940 cannot calculate the coefficient for suppressing the sound near the target sound.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for enhancing the sound in the target sound direction.
- the output signal from the first directional microphone having sensitivity in the target sound direction is a main signal
- the second directional microphone having the sensitivity blind spot in the target sound direction is used.
- the sound in the target sound direction is emphasized by performing filter processing on the sound.
- the reference signal in the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 2, in the relationship between the directional pattern of the directional microphone used for the main signal and the directional pattern of the directional microphone used for the reference signal, the reference signal has the target sound direction.
- the main signal does not match the reference signal with respect to the directivity pattern other than the target sound direction.
- the directivity pattern indicates the characteristics of the microphone sound pressure sensitivity versus the sound wave arrival direction.
- the optimum suppression coefficient adaptively according to the noise source direction It was necessary to estimate. As a result, the estimation accuracy of the signal component to be suppressed mixed from the reference signal into the main signal is a factor of the performance limit.
- one embodiment of the present invention focuses on the above-described problem, and a directional microphone device, an acoustic signal processing method, and an acoustic signal that can form a directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to a target direction.
- An object is to provide a processing program.
- a directional microphone device includes a first directivity synthesis unit that generates a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in a target direction, and sensitivity in the target direction.
- a second directivity synthesis unit that generates a second acoustic signal having a blind spot, and the first directivity synthesis unit for the second acoustic signal generated by the second directivity synthesis unit
- the third acoustic signal in which the angle range of the sensitivity dead angle in the target direction is made narrower than that of the second acoustic signal by multiplying the first acoustic signal generated in step N times (N> 0) in the frequency domain.
- a noise suppressor using the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit as a main signal and the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit as a reference signal.
- a directional microphone device capable of forming directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to the target direction can be realized.
- the angle range of the sensitivity blind angle with respect to the target direction of the reference signal can be narrowed, and the sound near the target direction can be included in the reference signal.
- directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to the target direction can be formed.
- the reference signal can be corrected so that the noise component can be estimated with high accuracy, so that not only the directivity can be sharpened but also the sound quality can be improved. Become.
- the first directivity synthesis unit and the second directivity synthesis unit perform arithmetic processing on an output signal of a microphone array composed of a plurality of microphones, whereby the first acoustic signal and the The second acoustic signal may be generated.
- the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit and the second acoustic signal generated by the second directivity synthesis unit are further converted into a frequency domain signal.
- a first conversion unit that converts the first acoustic signal into a frequency domain signal by the first conversion unit, and the correction unit converts the second acoustic signal into a frequency domain signal by the first conversion unit.
- the third acoustic signal may be generated by multiplying the first acoustic signal converted into a signal N times (N> 0).
- the N is 1, and the correction unit performs complex multiplication of the second acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal and the first acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal.
- a spectrum multiplying unit that performs calculation, an absolute value calculation unit that calculates an absolute value of an output signal of the spectrum multiplication unit, and a square root of the absolute value calculated by the absolute value calculation unit.
- a square root calculation unit that generates a signal.
- the N is 1, and the correction unit converts the first absolute value of the first acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal and the second signal converted into a frequency domain signal.
- An absolute value calculation unit that calculates a second absolute value of the acoustic signal; a multiplication unit that multiplies the first absolute value calculated by the absolute value calculation unit and the second absolute value; and the multiplication A square root calculating unit that generates the third acoustic signal by calculating the square root of the multiplication value performed by the unit.
- the suppression unit uses a power spectrum of the first acoustic signal and the third acoustic signal, and is noise that is a sound other than the sound in the target direction included in the first acoustic signal.
- a noise suppression unit that generates the output acoustic signal by performing the noise suppression by suppressing the noise and extracting only the sound in the target direction.
- it further includes a power spectrum calculation unit that calculates a power spectrum of each of the first acoustic signal and the third acoustic signal that has been converted into a frequency domain signal
- the suppression unit includes the first acoustic signal 1 main acoustic signal or the first acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal by the first converter and the power spectrum of the first acoustic signal calculated by the power spectrum calculator
- the output acoustic signal may be generated by performing the noise suppression using the power spectrum of the third acoustic signal calculated by the power spectrum calculation unit as a reference signal.
- the power spectrum calculation unit calculates the power of (2 / (N + 1)) to the absolute value of the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit, thereby calculating the third acoustic signal.
- the power spectrum of the signal may be calculated.
- the suppression unit multiplies a power spectrum of the third acoustic signal by a predetermined coefficient and outputs the first coefficient multiplication unit, and the first acoustic signal from the power spectrum of the first acoustic signal.
- a first subtracting unit that subtracts the output signal from the coefficient multiplying unit, a power spectrum of the first acoustic signal, and an output signal from the first subtracting unit are included in the first acoustic signal.
- a noise suppression processing unit that generates the output acoustic signal by performing the noise suppression using the first acoustic signal and the noise suppression coefficient calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit as inputs may be provided. .
- the directivity of the directional microphone device is controlled by changing the N that is the number of multiplications in the correction unit and the N value of (2 / (N + 1)) power in the power spectrum calculation unit.
- a beam width control unit may be provided.
- the N may be a real number larger than zero.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit includes: The noise suppression using the power spectrum of the first acoustic signal calculated by the power spectrum calculator as a main signal and the power spectrum of the third acoustic signal calculated by the power spectrum calculator as a reference signal The coefficient may be calculated.
- the directional microphone device further generates a third acoustic signal having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction and having a directional pattern different from the second acoustic signal.
- a directivity synthesis unit, and the suppression unit further uses the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit as a main signal, and the fourth acoustic signal generated by the third directivity synthesis unit.
- an opposite direction noise suppression unit that suppresses a first noise that is a sound in a direction opposite to the target direction included in the third acoustic signal, the first acoustic signal, and the first acoustic signal 4 is used to calculate a noise suppression coefficient that suppresses noise that is a sound other than the sound in the target direction including the first noise, using the acoustic signal of 4 and the output signal of the opposite direction noise suppression unit.
- the first directivity synthesis unit Applying the noise suppression coefficient calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit to the first acoustic signal that has been performed, suppressing the noise, and extracting only sound in the target direction to perform the noise suppression And a noise suppression unit that generates the output acoustic signal.
- a power spectrum calculation unit that calculates a power spectrum of each of the signal, the third acoustic signal, and the fourth acoustic signal, and the opposite direction noise suppression unit mainly uses the power spectrum of the third acoustic signal.
- the first noise may be suppressed by using a signal and a power spectrum of the fourth acoustic signal as a reference signal.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit uses the power spectrum of the first acoustic signal as a main signal, and uses the output signal of the opposite direction noise suppression unit and the power spectrum of the fourth acoustic signal as a reference signal.
- the noise suppression coefficient may be calculated.
- the noise suppression unit suppresses the noise by multiplying the first acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal by the noise suppression coefficient calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit.
- the noise suppression unit includes a second conversion unit that converts the noise suppression coefficient that is a frequency domain coefficient into a time domain FIR filter coefficient, and one unit that is converted by the second conversion unit.
- the coefficient of the FIR filter before time is updated using the coefficient of the FIR filter of the current unit time converted by the second conversion unit, and the first sound generated by the first directivity synthesis unit is updated.
- a time-varying coefficient FIR filter unit that generates the output acoustic signal by performing filter processing on the signal may be included.
- an acoustic signal processing method includes a first directivity synthesis step for generating a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in a target direction, and the target direction.
- a second directivity synthesis step for generating a second acoustic signal having a sensitivity blind spot in the first direction, and the first directivity with respect to the second acoustic signal generated in the second directivity synthesis step.
- a correction step for generating an acoustic signal and the first acoustic signal generated in the first directivity synthesis step as a main signal, and the third acoustic signal generated in the correction step as a reference signal By performing noise suppression by, and a suppression step of generating an output acoustic signal the narrow angle of the target direction of directivity of said first acoustic signal.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a directional microphone device according to the first embodiment.
- the directional microphone device 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a first microphone 11, a second microphone 12, a conversion unit 104, a correction unit 105, a calculation unit 106, and a suppression unit 107.
- the first microphone 11 is an example of a first directivity synthesis unit, for example, and generates a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in a target direction.
- the first microphone 11 has a sensitivity characteristic having sensitivity in the target sound direction, converts a sound wave into an electric signal, and outputs a main signal x (t) as an output signal.
- having sensitivity in the target direction means having peak sensitivity in the target direction in the sensitivity characteristic.
- the first microphone 11 is composed of one or a plurality of microphones (microphone array), and the first acoustic signal (main signal x (t) having sensitivity in the target direction is calculated by processing the output signal of the microphone array. )) May be provided.
- the second microphone 12 is an example of a second directivity synthesis unit, for example, and generates a second acoustic signal having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction.
- the second microphone 12 has a sensitivity characteristic having a sensitivity blind spot in the target sound direction, converts a sound wave into an electric signal, and outputs a reference signal r1 (t) as an output signal.
- the second microphone 12 is composed of one or a plurality of microphones (microphone array), and the second acoustic signal (reference signal r1 (reference signal r1 () having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction) is calculated by processing the output signal of the microphone array.
- a second directivity synthesis unit that generates t)) may be provided.
- the conversion unit 104 is an example of a first conversion unit, for example, and is generated by the first acoustic signal (main signal x (t)) generated by the first microphone 11 and the second microphone 12.
- the second acoustic signal (reference signal r1 (t)) is converted into a frequency domain signal.
- the conversion unit 104 includes a first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and a second time-frequency conversion unit 1042.
- the first time-frequency converter 1041 receives the main signal x (t) from the first microphone 11 and converts the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, and outputs the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ).
- the second time-frequency converter 1042 receives the reference signal r1 (t) from the second microphone 12 as an input, converts the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, and outputs the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ). .
- the correcting unit 105 multiplies the second acoustic signal generated by the second microphone 12 by the first acoustic signal generated by the first microphone 11 N times (N> 0) in the frequency domain. As a result, a third acoustic signal in which the angular range of the sensitivity blind angle in the target direction is narrower than the second acoustic signal is generated. More specifically, the correction unit 105 converts the second acoustic signal (R1 ( ⁇ )) converted into the frequency domain signal by the conversion unit 104 into the frequency domain signal converted by the conversion unit 104. A third acoustic signal is generated by multiplying one acoustic signal (X ( ⁇ )) N times (N> 0).
- the correction unit 105 includes the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) from the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) from the second time-frequency conversion unit 1042. ) As an input, the corrected second reference signal spectrum R2 ( ⁇ ) is output.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the correction unit according to the first embodiment.
- the correction unit 105 includes a calculation unit 1050 and a spectrum multiplication unit 1051 and executes the calculation formula shown in (Formula 1).
- the spectrum multiplier 1051 converts the first acoustic signal (X ( ⁇ )) converted into the frequency domain signal into the second acoustic signal (R1 ( ⁇ )) converted into the frequency domain signal. Is multiplied N times (N> 0), and complex multiplication is performed.
- the calculation unit 106 is an example of a power spectrum calculation unit, for example, and calculates the power spectrum of each of the first acoustic signal and the third acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal.
- the calculation unit 106 calculates (2 / (N + 1)) to the absolute value of the third acoustic signal (R2 ( ⁇ )) generated by the correction unit 105, thereby calculating the third acoustic signal.
- a power spectrum (Pr2 ( ⁇ )) is calculated.
- the calculation unit 106 includes a first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 and a second power spectrum calculation unit 1062.
- the first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 receives the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) from the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and outputs the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ).
- the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062 receives the second reference signal spectrum R2 ( ⁇ ) from the correction unit 105, and outputs the second reference signal power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ).
- the suppression unit 107 performs first noise suppression by performing noise suppression using the first acoustic signal generated by the first microphone 11 as a main signal and the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit 105 as a reference signal. An output acoustic signal in which the directivity of the target direction of the acoustic signal is narrowed is generated. More specifically, the suppression unit 107 includes the first acoustic signal (X ( ⁇ )) converted into the frequency domain signal by the conversion unit 104 and the power of the first acoustic signal calculated by the calculation unit 106.
- the output acoustic signal is generated by performing noise suppression using the spectrum (Px ( ⁇ )) as a main signal and the power spectrum (Pr2 ( ⁇ )) of the third acoustic signal calculated by the calculation unit 106 as a reference signal. To do.
- suppression section 107 has main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) from first time-frequency conversion section 1041 and main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) from first power spectrum calculation section 1061.
- the second reference signal power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) from the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062 is input, and the output y (t) of the directional microphone device 1 is output.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the noise suppression unit in the first embodiment.
- the suppression unit 107 includes a first coefficient multiplication unit 110, a first subtraction unit 111, a noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108, and a noise suppression processing unit 109, as shown in FIG.
- the first coefficient multiplier 110 multiplies the power spectrum (Pr2 ( ⁇ )) of the third acoustic signal by a predetermined coefficient (coefficient C ( ⁇ )) and outputs the result.
- the first coefficient multiplier 110 receives the second reference signal power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) from the second power spectrum calculator 1062, and multiplies the coefficient by the coefficient C ( ⁇ ).
- the predetermined coefficient that is, the coefficient C ( ⁇ ) may be a predetermined constant, or a variable that varies in a time series or at a predetermined timing.
- the first subtractor 111 subtracts the output signal (Pr3 ( ⁇ )) of the first coefficient multiplier 110 from the power spectrum (Px ( ⁇ )) of the first acoustic signal. Specifically, the first subtraction unit 111 uses the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) from the first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 to the third reference signal power spectrum Pr3 ( ( ⁇ ) is subtracted to output the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ).
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108 receives the power spectrum (Px ( ⁇ )) of the first acoustic signal and the output signal (Ps ( ⁇ )) of the first subtraction unit 111 as input, and is included in the first acoustic signal.
- a noise suppression coefficient (H ( ⁇ )) for suppressing noise that is sound other than the sound in the target direction is calculated.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108 uses the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) from the first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 and the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) from the first subtraction unit 111.
- the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) is output.
- the noise suppression processing unit 109 converts the first acoustic signal (X ( ⁇ )) converted into the frequency domain signal by the conversion unit 104 and the noise suppression coefficient (H ( ⁇ )) calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108. Are input, and noise suppression processing is performed using them to generate an output acoustic signal (y (t)). Specifically, the noise suppression processing unit 109 receives the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) from the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) from the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108 as inputs. A signal component other than the target sound direction that is noise is suppressed, a target sound in the directionality main axis direction is extracted, and an output y (t) is output.
- the target sound direction is the main axis direction (front direction) of directivity formed by the directional microphone device.
- (t) such as x (t) is attached to the time domain signal
- ( ⁇ ) such as X ( ⁇ ) is attached to the frequency domain signal.
- the directivity pattern of X ( ⁇ ) represents the sound wave arrival direction ⁇ vs. sound pressure sensitivity characteristic at the frequency ⁇ of the signal X, and the directivity pattern diagram is illustrated in a polar pattern format. .
- FIG. 4A is a characteristic diagram showing the directivity pattern of the first microphone in the first embodiment
- FIG. 4B is a characteristic diagram showing the directivity pattern of the second microphone in the first embodiment.
- the first microphone 11 has a directivity characteristic having sensitivity in the target sound direction, and has, for example, a directivity pattern (directivity characteristic diagram) shown in FIG. 4A.
- the directivity pattern shown in FIG. 4A indicates a primary sound pressure gradient type unidirectionality generally used for collecting sounds in the front direction.
- the output signal x (t) from the first microphone 11 is used as the main signal, and the directivity is further sharpened (narrowed) by the subsequent processing, and the sound selectivity is achieved.
- the subsequent processing is noise suppression processing based on the power spectrum generated from the main signal x (t) and the reference signal r1 (t).
- the second microphone 12 has a directivity characteristic having a sensitivity blind spot in the target sound direction, and has, for example, a directivity pattern shown in FIG. 4B.
- the directivity pattern shown in FIG. 4B indicates a primary sound pressure gradient type bi-directionality having a sensitivity blind spot in front of the target sound direction.
- the output signal r ⁇ b> 1 (t) from the second microphone 12 is used as a reference signal to perform the sharpening process on the directivity of the main signal.
- the frequency in the directional pattern diagram is calculated as 1 kHz. However, the frequency is not limited to a specific frequency as long as the above-described conditions for the directional patterns of the first microphone 11 and the second microphone 12 are satisfied. .
- the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and the second time-frequency conversion unit 1042 respectively convert the main signal x (t) and the reference signal r1 (t) using, for example, an FFT operation or a filter bank.
- the signal is converted into a frequency spectrum signal, and the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) and the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) are output.
- the first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 performs the following calculation for each frequency component on the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) and outputs the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ).
- the correction unit 105 receives the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) from the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) from the second time-frequency conversion unit 1042. .
- the correction unit 105 performs the correction shown in (Equation 3) for each frequency ⁇ on the reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) in order to bring the directivity pattern closer to an ideal shape, thereby obtaining the second reference signal spectrum R2. ( ⁇ ) is output. Details of the contents of the correction will be described later.
- Equation 3 indicates that the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) is multiplied by N times the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ). However, N> 0, that is, N is a real number larger than zero.
- the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062 converts the number of dimensions of the second reference signal spectrum R2 ( ⁇ ) corrected by the correction unit 105 into a power order. Specifically, in the correction unit 105, since the spectrum is multiplied N + 1 times, the dimension is converted to the power (square) order by the calculation shown in (Expression 4), and the reference signal power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) Is output.
- the suppression unit 107 suppresses signal components other than the target sound direction from the main signal based on the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) and the second reference signal power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ), so that the directivity is in the main axis direction.
- An output y (t) obtained by extracting the target sound at is output. More specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the first coefficient multiplication unit 110 converts the second reference signal power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) by C ( ⁇ ) times (as shown in (Equation 5)).
- the level-adjusted Pr3 ( ⁇ ) is output by multiplying by (multiplier factor).
- the first subtraction unit 111 uses the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) generated by subtracting Pr3 ( ⁇ ) from the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) as a noise suppression coefficient. It outputs to the calculation part 108.
- FIG. 5A shows the directivity pattern of the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) as a solid line, and the third reference signal power spectrum Pr3 ( ⁇ ) whose level is adjusted by multiplying Pr2 ( ⁇ ) by the coefficient C ( ⁇ ).
- the directivity pattern is indicated by a broken line.
- description will be given by calculating N in (Expression 3) and (Expression 4) as (Expression 7).
- the directivity pattern shown in FIG. 5A has a main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) (solid line) and a third frequency with respect to the direction of noise A having a coefficient C ( ⁇ ) in the 90 ° direction.
- C ( ⁇ ) is set so that the reference signal power spectrum Pr3 ( ⁇ ) (broken line) matches is shown.
- the directivity pattern shown in FIG. 5B shows an estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) obtained by subtracting the third reference signal power spectrum Pr3 ( ⁇ ) from the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) according to (Equation 6). Yes.
- the portion where the subtraction result is a negative value is the result of calculation with the value set to zero.
- the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 5B is a signal component other than the target sound direction that is noise using the third reference signal power spectrum Pr3 ( ⁇ ) from the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ). Is output to the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108.
- the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) corresponds to the directivity pattern of the output (y (t)) of the directional microphone device 1.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108 uses the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ), which is the input signal before sharpening the directivity, as the denominator, and outputs the estimated target sound power spectrum to be output.
- the transfer characteristic H ( ⁇ ) using Ps ( ⁇ ) as a molecule is calculated.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108 outputs the calculated transfer characteristic H ( ⁇ ) to the noise suppression processing unit 109.
- Equation 8 is an example of a calculation method in the case of using the Wiener filter transfer characteristic generally used for noise suppression (noise suppressor) based on the power spectrum.
- the noise suppression processing unit 109 calculates the product of the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) and the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) as shown in (Equation 9), and performs frequency-time conversion to obtain a time waveform output y ( t).
- Equation 9 as an example, frequency-time conversion processing is expressed by IFFT ⁇ (inverse FFT operation).
- the characteristic of the directional microphone device 1 is that the correction unit 105 and the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062 perform correction processing that makes the directivity pattern ideally close by focusing on the directivity pattern of the reference signal. It is in. Then, the correction unit 105 performs a correction process of multiplying the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) by the main signal spectrum N times.
- the conventional problem will be described with reference to FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 5A shows a state where the level is adjusted for the noise A in the 90 ° direction by the coefficient C ( ⁇ ), and the solid line (Px ( ⁇ )) and the broken line (Pr3 ( ⁇ )) of the directivity pattern. Are in the 90 ° direction and the values match.
- the sensitivity of the reference signal is higher than the sensitivity of the main signal, and the noise B in the 120 direction is excessively suppressed. Therefore, a learning mechanism for appropriately adjusting the level of the reference signal as needed depending on the strength of noise A and noise B is required.
- the directivity pattern of the reference signal has a sensitivity blind spot in the front direction and matches the directivity pattern of the main signal except in the front direction. If the directivity patterns other than the front direction of the main signal and the reference signal match, for example, the reference signal level adjustment value (coefficient C ( ⁇ )) for the noise A in the 90 ° direction and the noise B in the 120 ° direction is necessary. Disappear. In other words, if the degree of coincidence between the directivity patterns of the main signal and the reference signal other than the front direction increases, noise suppression can be performed simultaneously in all directions without excess or deficiency, so the directivity pattern of the reference signal is ideal.
- the noise suppression accuracy will increase, and the sharpness of directivity and the improvement of sound quality will be obtained.
- the coefficient C ( ⁇ ) does not have to be adjusted as needed in accordance with the spatial distribution of the noise source, it is possible to simplify the processing as compared with the prior art by using this coefficient as a fixed constant.
- the correction unit 105 and the second power spectrum calculation unit have ) And (Equation 4), the first signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) is multiplied by the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) N times (N> 0) to obtain a reference signal power spectrum.
- the angle direction of the sensitivity blind spot is zero sensitivity. Therefore, no matter how many times the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) is multiplied by the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ), zero sensitivity is maintained in the angular direction of the sensitivity blind spot of the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ). .
- the high / low sensitivity has a certain value even if it exists. Therefore, when the number N of multiplications of the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) is increased, the reference signal directivity is increased. As the N pattern increases, the influence of the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) increases as N increases and approaches the same directivity pattern as the main signal.
- the degree of coincidence is high in a portion other than the target sound direction.
- the directivity of the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) obtained by subtracting the third reference signal power spectrum Pr3 ( ⁇ ) from the main signal power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ). It can be seen that the characteristic pattern can also be sharpened as N increases.
- the directivity pattern of the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) is the target output of the noise suppression unit, it is equal to the directivity pattern of the output y (t) of the directional microphone device.
- the configuration of the first embodiment it is possible to realize a directional microphone device that can form a directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to a target direction. More specifically, according to the directional microphone device 1 of the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the degree of pattern matching other than the target sound direction of the directional pattern of the reference signal with respect to the directional pattern of the main signal. In addition, since the noise estimation accuracy of the noise suppression unit processing unit can be improved, it is possible to achieve a sharper directivity and higher sound quality.
- the output signal x (t) from the first microphone 11 may be input to the suppression unit 107 instead of the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ). This will be specifically described below as a modification.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a directional microphone device according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the suppression unit in the modification of the first embodiment. Elements similar to those in FIGS. 1 and 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the directional microphone device 1A shown in FIG. 9 differs from the directional microphone device 1 according to Embodiment 1 in the configuration of the suppression unit 107A.
- the suppression unit 107A uses the first acoustic signal generated by the first microphone 11 as a main signal and performs noise suppression using the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit 105 as a reference signal.
- An output acoustic signal in which the directivity of the target direction of the acoustic signal is narrowed is generated. More specifically, the suppression unit 107A includes the first acoustic signal (x (t)) generated by the first microphone 11 and the power spectrum (Px) of the first acoustic signal calculated by the calculation unit 106. ( ⁇ )) as a main signal, and noise suppression is performed using the power spectrum (Pr2 ( ⁇ )) of the third acoustic signal calculated by the calculation unit 106 as a reference signal, thereby generating an output acoustic signal.
- the suppression unit 107A includes a first coefficient multiplication unit 110, a first subtraction unit 111, a noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108A, and a noise suppression processing unit 109A.
- the suppression unit 107A illustrated in FIG. 10 differs from the suppression unit 107 according to Embodiment 1 in the configuration of a noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108A and a noise suppression processing unit 109A.
- the noise suppression processing unit 109A generates an output acoustic signal y (t) by performing noise suppression using the first acoustic signal and the noise suppression coefficient calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108A as inputs.
- the input / output of the noise suppression processing unit 109A is a time domain signal of x (t), y (t).
- the output of the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108A is the filter coefficient h used in the noise suppression processing unit 109A. For example, it can be calculated by the following equation.
- H (n) IFFT ⁇ Ps ( ⁇ ) / Px ( ⁇ ) ⁇ (Formula 10)
- the noise suppression processing unit 109 may perform the filtering process shown in (Equation 11).
- N in (Equation 3) and (Equation 4) may not be an integer, and a real value greater than 0 may be used when detailed adjustment is required.
- first microphone 11 and the second microphone 12 may be configured by microphone elements, or may be configured by signal processing from a microphone array including a plurality of microphone elements.
- the correction unit 105 has described the number N of the main signal spectrum X ( ⁇ ) by which the first reference signal spectrum R1 ( ⁇ ) is multiplied as a predetermined value, but is not limited thereto. N may be varied. An example of this case will be described below.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the directional microphone device according to the second embodiment. The same components as those in the directional microphone device of FIG.
- the directional microphone device 2 shown in FIG. 11 differs from the directional microphone device 1 shown in FIG. 1 in the configuration of the correction unit 105A and the calculation unit 106A, and a beam width control unit 200 is added.
- the correction unit 105A has the function of the correction unit 105, and the beam width control unit 200 controls the value of N that is the number of multiplications shown in (Equation 3).
- the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062A has the function of the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062, and the beam width control unit 200 controls the value of N shown in (Expression 4).
- the beam width control unit 200 changes the directivity by changing N, which is the number of multiplications in the correction unit 105A, and the N value of (2 / (N + 1)) to the calculation unit 106 (second power spectrum calculation unit 1062A).
- N is the number of multiplications in the correction unit 105A
- N value is the N value of (2 / (N + 1)
- the beam width control unit 200 controls the value N by inputting a set value for use by the user or a zoom control signal linked to image zoom of the camera system. .
- the direction of the estimated target sound power spectrum Ps ( ⁇ ) in the case of N 0 shown in FIG. 5B.
- the directional pattern of the output y (t) of the directional microphone device 2 can be sharpened by increasing the value of N by the beam width controller 200. That is, the directivity of the directional microphone device 2 can be changed from a wide angle to an acute angle by the beam width control unit 200 controlling the value of N.
- the configuration of the second embodiment it is possible to realize a directional microphone device that can form a directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to a target direction. Furthermore, according to the configuration of the second embodiment, the user can set the directivity pattern of the directional microphone device 2 or can obtain a sound zoom effect in conjunction with the zoom of the image.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the directional microphone device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the first directivity synthesis unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the second directivity synthesis unit in the third embodiment.
- the directional microphone device 3 shown in FIG. 12 includes a microphone array 101, a first directivity synthesis unit 102, a second directivity synthesis unit 103, a conversion unit 104, a correction unit 105B, a calculation unit 106B, and a suppression unit 107B. Is provided.
- the microphone array 101 is composed of a plurality of microphones. Specifically, the microphone array 101 includes a plurality of omnidirectional microphone units and is disposed in a relatively small space. The microphone array 101 is built in a device such as a video camera or a digital still camera.
- the microphone array 101 in the microphone array 101, four omnidirectional microphone units 101F, 101B, 101L, and 101R are arranged in a diamond shape with respect to the target direction.
- the non-directional microphone units 101F, 101B, 101L, and 101R output acoustic signals xf (t), xb (t), xl (t), and xr (t), respectively.
- the interval d1 is the interval between the omnidirectional microphone units 101F and 101B
- the interval d2 is the interval between the omnidirectional microphone units 101L and 101R.
- the interval d1 and the interval d2 are arbitrary values determined by the restriction of the required frequency band and installation space.
- d1, d2 about 5 mm to 100 mm from the viewpoint of the frequency band.
- the first directivity synthesis unit 102 generates a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in the target direction by performing arithmetic processing on the output signal of the microphone array 101.
- the first directivity synthesis unit 102 uses the acoustic signals xf (t) and xb (t) from the omnidirectional microphone units 101F and 101B to provide directivity having a main axis in the target direction.
- the generated acoustic signal x (t) is generated (also described as a directivity signal x (t)).
- the acoustic signal x (t) is a specific example of the first acoustic signal.
- the first directivity synthesis unit 102 includes a first delay unit 1021, a second delay unit 1022, a subtractor 1023, and an EQ (Equalizer) 1024, and a target direction (0 ° ) To form a sound pressure gradient type unidirectionality having a main axis.
- the first delay device 1021 is composed of a digital filter and receives an acoustic signal xf (t).
- the second delay device 1022 includes a digital filter, and receives the acoustic signal xb (t).
- the filter coefficients of the respective digital filters constituting the first delay device 1021 and the second delay device 1022 are designed as follows. That is, the acoustic signal xf (t) and the acoustic signal xb (t) with respect to the incoming sound wave from the 180 ° direction of FIG. 12 at the input of the subtractor 1023 are designed to be in phase at the input of the subtractor 1023, for example.
- the More specifically, the filter coefficient is designed such that the second delay unit 1022 is delayed by d1 / c [s] relative to the first delay unit 1021.
- c is the speed of sound [m / s].
- the subtractor 1023 subtracts the output signal of the second delay device 1022 from the output signal of the first delay device 1021.
- the sensitivity in the 180 ° direction can be eliminated (having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction), and a relatively sensitive signal can be obtained in the 0 ° direction (target direction).
- the output signal of the subtractor 1023 has an amplitude frequency characteristic having a slope of ⁇ 6 dB / linguistic linguistic as the frequency becomes lower in principle (long wavelength) in the 0 ° direction.
- the EQ 1024 generates and outputs an acoustic signal x (t) by performing correction so that the amplitude frequency characteristic of the output signal of the subtracter 1023 becomes flat.
- the first directivity synthesis unit 102 is configured.
- the second directivity synthesis unit 103 generates a second acoustic signal having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction by performing arithmetic processing on the output signal of the microphone array 101.
- the second directivity synthesis unit 103 uses the acoustic signals xl (t) and xr (t) from the omnidirectional microphone units 101L and 101R to generate directivity having sensitivity blind spots in the target direction.
- An acoustic signal r1 (t) (hereinafter also referred to as a directivity signal r1 (t)) is generated.
- the acoustic signal r1 (t) is a specific example of the second acoustic signal.
- the second directivity synthesis unit 103 includes a subtractor 1031 and an EQ 1032 and has a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction (0 °) and the direction opposite to the target direction (180 °). Form directivity.
- the subtracter 1031 subtracts the acoustic signal xr (t) from the acoustic signal xl (t). Note that sound waves from the 0 ° direction (target direction) and the 180 ° direction are input to the omnidirectional microphone units 101L and 101R with the same amplitude and phase in the ideal state, and therefore output from the subtracter 1031. The signal is zero.
- the output signal of the subtracter 1031 has an amplitude frequency characteristic having a slope of ⁇ 6 dB / linguistics as the frequency becomes lower in principle (longer wavelength) in the 90 ° direction or the 270 ° direction.
- the EQ 1032 generates and outputs the acoustic signal r1 (t) by performing correction so that the amplitude frequency characteristic of the output signal of the subtracter 1031 becomes flat.
- the second directivity synthesis unit 103 is configured.
- the conversion unit 104 is an example of a first conversion unit, for example, and the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit 102 and the second acoustic signal generated by the second directivity synthesis unit 103. Is converted into a frequency domain signal.
- conversion section 104 includes a first time-frequency conversion section 1041 and a second time-frequency conversion section 1042.
- the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 converts the acoustic signal x (t) from the first directivity synthesis unit 102 into a frame unit in which a plurality of samples are accumulated (for example, the number of samples in one frame is 256, etc.
- the frequency domain signal X ( ⁇ ) is calculated by performing fast Fourier transform, filter bank, wavelet transform, or the like.
- the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 accumulates the acoustic signal x (t) with, for example, 50% overlap, or performs windowing such as a Hamming window on the accumulated acoustic signal x (t). Then, the signal X ( ⁇ ) may be calculated.
- the second time-frequency conversion unit 1042 applies the frequency domain signal R1 to the acoustic signal r1 (t) from the second directivity synthesis unit 103 in the same manner as the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 described above. ( ⁇ ) is calculated.
- the correction unit 105 ⁇ / b> B is an example of a correction unit, for example, and the first sound generated by the first directivity synthesis unit 102 with respect to the second acoustic signal generated by the second directivity synthesis unit 103.
- the correcting unit 105B uses the second acoustic signal converted into the frequency domain signal by the converting unit 104 with respect to the first acoustic signal converted into the frequency domain signal by the converting unit 104.
- a third acoustic signal is generated by multiplying N times (N> 0).
- the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062 converts the signal spectrum multiplied by N + 1 times to the power (square) order. In the following, the second power spectrum is calculated.
- the calculation unit 1062B converts the amplitude spectrum output from the correction unit 105B into a power spectrum as an input.
- the correction unit 105B includes a signal X ( ⁇ ) that is an output signal of the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and a signal R1 ( ⁇ ) that is an output signal of the second time-frequency conversion unit 1042. Is used to calculate a signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ) in which the angle range of the sensitivity blind angle in the target direction of the signal R1 ( ⁇ ) is narrowed.
- the signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ) is a specific example of the third acoustic signal.
- FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B are diagrams illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the correction unit according to the third embodiment.
- the correction unit 105B includes a spectrum multiplication unit 1051, an absolute value calculation unit 1052, and a square root calculation unit 1053, and executes the calculation formula shown in (Formula 12).
- the spectrum multiplier 1051 performs complex multiplication of the second acoustic signal converted into the frequency domain signal and the first acoustic signal converted into the frequency domain signal.
- spectrum multiplication section 1051 performs spectrum multiplication of signal X ( ⁇ ) and signal R1 ( ⁇ ) as shown in FIG. 15A.
- the absolute value calculation unit 1052 calculates the absolute value of the output signal of the spectrum multiplication unit 1051.
- absolute value calculation section 1052 calculates the absolute value of the multiplication value of signal X ( ⁇ ) and signal R1 ( ⁇ ).
- the square root calculation unit 1053 generates a third acoustic signal by calculating the square root of the absolute value calculated by the absolute value calculation unit 1052.
- the square root calculation unit 1053 calculates the signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ).
- the correction unit 105B is not limited to having the functional configuration shown in FIG. 15A.
- the correction unit 105C may include absolute value calculation units 1054 and 1055, a multiplication unit 1056, and a square root calculation unit 1057, and may execute the calculation formula shown in (Formula 13). . This is because even when the calculation formula shown in (Formula 13) is executed, the same result as that obtained when the calculation formula shown in (Formula 12) is executed can be obtained.
- the absolute value calculation units 1054 and 1055 are the first absolute value of the first acoustic signal converted into the frequency domain signal and the second absolute value of the second acoustic signal converted into the frequency domain signal. Calculate the value.
- the absolute value calculator 1054 calculates the absolute value (first absolute value) of the signal X ( ⁇ ), and the absolute value calculator 1055 receives the signal R1 ( ⁇ ) (Second absolute value) is calculated.
- the multiplication unit 1056 performs multiplication of the first absolute value and the second absolute value calculated by the absolute value calculation units 1054 and 1055.
- the multiplication unit 1056 multiplies the absolute value (first absolute value) of the signal X ( ⁇ ) by the absolute value (second absolute value) of the signal R1 ( ⁇ ).
- the square root calculation unit 1057 generates a third acoustic signal by calculating the square root of the multiplication value performed by the multiplication unit 1056.
- the square root calculation unit 1057 calculates the signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ).
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the directivity pattern of the input signal and the output signal of the correction unit 105B in the third embodiment.
- 16A shows a directivity pattern of the signal X ( ⁇ ) that is an input signal input to the correction unit 105B shown in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 16B shows the directivity pattern of FIG.
- FIG. 16C illustrates a directivity pattern of the signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ) that is an output signal output from the correction unit 105B illustrated in FIG. 15A.
- the correcting unit 105B uses the zero sensitivity (sensitivity in the 0 ° direction in FIG. 16B) formed in the target direction of the signal R1 ( ⁇ ) having bidirectionality as the signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ) Is also maintained (sensitivity in the 0 ° direction in FIG. 16C). Further, the correction unit 105B calculates the sensitivity (directivity) in the other direction (direction other than the target direction) of the signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ) to be an intermediate value between the signal R1 ( ⁇ ) and the signal X ( ⁇ ). Process. Thereby, the correcting unit 105B can generate a signal R1 ′ ( ⁇ ) having directivity having a sensitivity blind spot having a narrower angle range than the signal R1 ( ⁇ ) in the target direction.
- the correction unit 105B is configured to perform calculation processing.
- the calculation unit 106B is an example of a power spectrum calculation unit, for example, and calculates the power spectrum of each of the first acoustic signal and the second acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal.
- calculation unit 106 includes first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 and second power spectrum calculation unit 1062B.
- the first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 calculates the power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) of the signal X ( ⁇ ) that is the output signal of the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041.
- the first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 calculates the power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) using the calculation formula shown in (Formula 14).
- the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062B calculates the power spectrum Pr1 '( ⁇ ) of the signal R1' ( ⁇ ) that is the output signal of the correction unit 105B.
- the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062B calculates the power spectrum Pr1 ′ ( ⁇ ) using the calculation formula shown in (Formula 15).
- the calculation unit 106B is configured to calculate a power spectrum.
- the suppression unit 107B performs noise suppression using the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit 102 as a main signal and the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit 105B as a reference signal, An output acoustic signal is generated by narrowing the directivity of the first acoustic signal in the target direction.
- suppression unit 107B includes noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B and noise suppression unit 109B.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B uses the power spectrum of the first acoustic signal and the third acoustic signal to suppress noise that is noise other than the sound in the target direction included in the first acoustic signal. Calculate the coefficient. For example, the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B uses the power spectrum of the first acoustic signal calculated by the calculation unit 106B as a main signal, and uses the power spectrum of the third acoustic signal calculated by the calculation unit 106B as a reference signal. A noise suppression coefficient is calculated.
- noise suppression coefficient calculation section 108B uses power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ), which is the output signal of first power spectrum calculation section 1061, as the main signal, and the output signal of second power spectrum calculation section 1062B.
- a certain power spectrum Pr1 ′ ( ⁇ ) is used as a reference signal, and a noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) for suppressing noise that is sound other than the target direction is calculated from the power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) that is the main signal.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B calculates the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) using, for example, a calculation formula shown in (Expression 16). Note that (Expression 16) is an example of a calculation expression for calculating the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ), and is a calculation expression having the characteristics of a Wiener filter.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is a weighting factor
- the calculation method of the weight coefficient ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is disclosed in, for example, the above-mentioned Patent Document 1. That is, first, the spectral ratio Px ( ⁇ ) / Pr1 ′ ( ⁇ ) is calculated. Next, in a situation where ambient noise is dominant over the target sound, in the case of the configuration of the present embodiment, for example, a situation as shown in (Equation 17), using (Equation 18), the spectral ratio Px ( ⁇ ) / The time average of Pr1 ′ ( ⁇ ) is calculated. The calculated time average corresponds to ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B only needs to be able to calculate the noise suppression coefficient that suppresses the noise using the power spectra of the first acoustic signal and the third acoustic signal, and thus is not limited to the above-described configuration.
- the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 3 may be used.
- description here is abbreviate
- noise suppression unit 109B applies the noise suppression coefficient calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B to the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit 102, thereby suppressing noise and performing the target direction.
- the output acoustic signal is generated by performing noise suppression that extracts only the sound of the sound.
- noise suppression unit 109B includes a multiplier 1091 and a frequency-time conversion unit 1092.
- the multiplier 1091 multiplies the first acoustic signal converted into the frequency domain signal by the noise suppression coefficient calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B, and suppresses the target acoustic signal in the target direction. Extract only.
- multiplier 1091 multiplies signal X ( ⁇ ), which is an output signal of first time-frequency conversion section 1041, by noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) calculated by noise suppression coefficient calculation section 108B.
- the signal Y ( ⁇ ) X ( ⁇ ) ⁇ H ( ⁇ ) is calculated from the signal X ( ⁇ ) in which noise that is sound other than the target direction is suppressed.
- the signal Y ( ⁇ ) is a specific example of the target acoustic signal.
- the frequency-time conversion unit 1092 is an example of an inverse Fourier transform unit, for example, and generates an output acoustic signal by converting the target acoustic signal extracted by the multiplier 1091 into a time domain signal.
- the frequency-time conversion unit 1092 suppresses noise that is sound other than the target direction, and the signal Y ( ⁇ ) in which the sound in the target direction is emphasized is subjected to time domain acoustic signals by inverse Fourier transform or the like. Convert to y (t).
- the acoustic signal y (t) is a specific example of the output acoustic signal.
- these sensitivity blind spots are obtained by using a main signal having a principal axis in the target direction and a reference signal having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction.
- a reference signal that can narrow the angle range of the sensitivity blind angle in the target direction.
- sounds other than the target direction are suppressed by using a plurality of microphone units arranged in a relatively small space on the order of several mm to several cm, and the sound in the target direction is suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to form a reference signal having a narrower angle range of the sensitivity blind angle in the target direction. Then, by performing noise suppression processing using the formed reference signal, it is possible to narrow the target direction.
- the angle range of the sensitivity blind angle with respect to the target direction of the reference signal can be narrowed, and the reference signal includes a sound near the target direction. Can be made.
- directivity having a narrower directivity angle can be formed with respect to the target direction, and an acoustic signal having directivity with a narrower directivity angle can be formed with respect to the target direction.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a directional microphone device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 17 are the same components as those in FIG. 17
- the directional microphone device 17 is different from the directional microphone device 3 according to Embodiment 3 in the configuration of the noise suppressing unit 209 of the suppressing unit 207.
- the noise suppression unit 209 shown in FIG. 17 has a multiplier 1091 and a frequency-time conversion unit 1092 deleted from the noise suppression unit 109B shown in FIG. The difference is that a coefficient FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter unit 2092 is added. Further, along with the change in the configuration, the output destinations of the first directivity synthesis unit 102 and the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 are changed.
- FIR Finite Impulse Response
- the frequency-time conversion unit 2091 is an example of a second conversion unit, for example, and converts a noise suppression coefficient that is a frequency domain coefficient into a filter coefficient of a time domain FIR filter.
- the frequency-time conversion unit 2091 converts the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B into the coefficient h (t) of the FIR filter in the time domain.
- the time-varying coefficient FIR filter unit 2092 converts the coefficient of the FIR filter before one unit time (one frame) converted by the frequency-time conversion unit 2091 into the current unit time (current frame) converted by the frequency-time conversion unit 2091. ) Using the coefficients of the FIR filter of (1) and performing filter processing on the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit 102, thereby generating an output acoustic signal.
- the time-varying coefficient FIR filter unit 2092 first uses the filter coefficient h (t) calculated by the frequency-time converting unit 2091 according to (Equation 19), for example, to present the current time-varying coefficient FIR filter.
- the coefficient hw (t) is updated.
- the coefficient ⁇ is a parameter corresponding to a time constant, and enables control of the sound quality of the output acoustic signal.
- the noise suppression unit 209 applies noise reduction coefficients calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B to the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit 102, thereby reducing noise.
- An output acoustic signal is generated by performing noise suppression that suppresses and extracts only sound in the target direction.
- the noise suppression unit 209 further includes a frequency-time conversion unit 2091 and a time-varying coefficient FIR filter unit 2092 so that the noise suppression coefficient is converted into the filter coefficient of the FIR filter and calculated between frames. Since the filter coefficient can be updated in a short time unit, the sound quality of the output acoustic signal can be finely controlled using the convolution operation.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a directional microphone device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the third directivity synthesis unit in the fifth embodiment. Note that the same components as those in FIG. 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the directional microphone device 5 shown in FIG. 18 differs from the directional microphone device 3 (FIG. 12) according to Embodiment 3 in the configuration of the conversion unit 304, the calculation unit 306, and the suppression unit 307, and has a third directivity.
- a sex synthesis unit 301 is added.
- the conversion unit 304 shown in FIG. 18 is different from the conversion unit 104 shown in FIG. 12 in that a third time-frequency conversion unit 3043 is added.
- the calculation unit 306 illustrated in FIG. 18 is different from the calculation unit 106B illustrated in FIG. 12 in that a third power spectrum calculation unit 3063 is added.
- the suppression unit 307 illustrated in FIG. 18 differs from the suppression unit 107B illustrated in FIG. 12 in the configuration of the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308, and a noise suppression unit 310 is added.
- the third directivity synthesis unit 301 performs arithmetic processing on the output signal of the microphone array 101, thereby having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction and a fourth directivity pattern different from that of the second acoustic signal. Generate an acoustic signal.
- the third directivity synthesis unit 301 uses the acoustic signals xb (t) and the acoustic signals xf (t) from the omnidirectional microphone units 101B and 101F, that is, the direction opposite to the target direction, that is, 180.
- An acoustic signal r2 (t) having a principal axis at 0 ° (also referred to as a directivity signal r2 (t)) is generated.
- the acoustic signal r2 (t) is a specific example of the fourth acoustic signal.
- the third directivity synthesis unit 301 includes a first delay unit 3011, a second delay unit 3012, a subtracter 3013, and an EQ 3014, and the first directivity synthesis unit 102
- a sound pressure gradient type unidirectional pattern having a main axis of directivity in the opposite direction is formed. That is, the third directivity synthesis unit 301 has an input signal opposite to the configuration of the first directivity synthesis unit 102 shown in FIG. 13 and is directed in the opposite direction to the first directivity synthesis unit 102.
- a sound pressure gradient type unidirectional pattern having a main axis of sexuality is formed. Detailed description is omitted because it is the same as FIG.
- the conversion unit 304 is an example of a first conversion unit, for example, and the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit 102 and the second acoustic signal generated by the second directivity synthesis unit 103.
- the acoustic signal and the fourth acoustic signal generated by the third directivity synthesis unit 301 are converted into a frequency domain signal.
- the conversion unit 304 includes a first time-frequency conversion unit 1041, a second time-frequency conversion unit 1042, and a third time-frequency conversion unit 3043.
- the third time-frequency conversion unit 3043 applies the frequency domain signal R2 ( ⁇ ) to the output signal r2 (t) of the third directivity synthesis unit 301 in the same manner as the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041. Is calculated. Note that the first time-frequency conversion unit 1041 and the second time-frequency conversion unit 1042 are the same as those described in Embodiment 3, and thus description thereof is omitted.
- the calculation unit 306 is an example of a power spectrum calculation unit, for example, and each power spectrum of the first acoustic signal, the third acoustic signal, and the fourth acoustic signal converted into a frequency domain signal by the conversion unit 304. Is calculated.
- the calculation unit 306 includes a first power spectrum calculation unit 1061, a second power spectrum calculation unit 1062B, and a third power spectrum calculation unit 3063.
- the third power spectrum calculation unit 3063 calculates the power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) of the signal R2 ( ⁇ ) that is the output signal of the third time-frequency conversion unit 3043.
- the third power spectrum calculation unit 3063 calculates the power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) using the calculation formula shown in (Formula 20).
- first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 and the second power spectrum calculation unit 1062B are as described in the third embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.
- the noise suppression unit 310 is an example of an opposite direction noise suppression unit, for example, and uses the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit 105B as a main signal and the fourth directivity generated by the third directivity synthesis unit 301. Using the acoustic signal as a reference signal, the first noise that is a sound in a direction opposite to the target direction included in the third acoustic signal is suppressed. For example, the noise suppression unit 310 suppresses the first noise using the power spectrum of the third acoustic signal as a main signal and the power spectrum of the fourth acoustic signal as a reference signal.
- noise suppression section 310 uses power spectrum Pr1 ′ ( ⁇ ), which is an output signal of second power spectrum calculation section 1062B, as a main signal, and is an output signal of third power spectrum calculation section 3063.
- power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) as a reference signal, noise behind the center of 180 ° from the power spectrum Pr1 ′ ( ⁇ ) as the main signal is suppressed, and the power spectrum Pr1 ′′ ( ⁇ ) as the output signal is calculated. .
- the noise suppression unit 310 calculates the power spectrum Pr1 ′′ ( ⁇ ), which is an output signal, using the calculation formula shown in (Formula 21).
- ⁇ ′ ( ⁇ ) is a weighting factor.
- the weight coefficient ⁇ ′ ( ⁇ ) is calculated using the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 3 in the same manner as the weight coefficient ⁇ ( ⁇ ) calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308. Detailed description is omitted here.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308 is different from the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B illustrated in FIG. 12 in that the reference signal of the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B is increased. In other words, the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308 performs processing that extends the reference signal of the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B to a plurality of channels.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308 uses the first acoustic signal, the fourth acoustic signal, and the output signal of the noise suppression unit 310 to suppress noise that is a sound other than the sound in the target direction including the first noise.
- the noise suppression coefficient to be calculated is calculated.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308 calculates the noise suppression coefficient using the power spectrum of the first acoustic signal as a main signal and the output signal of the noise suppression unit 310 and the power spectrum of the fourth acoustic signal as a reference signal.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308 uses the output signal Px ( ⁇ ) of the first power spectrum calculation unit 1061 as a main signal, the output signal Pr1 ′′ ( ⁇ ) of the noise suppression unit 310, and the third A power spectrum Pr2 ( ⁇ ) that is an output signal of the power spectrum calculation unit 3063 is used as a reference signal, and a coefficient H ( ⁇ ) that suppresses noise that is sound other than the target direction from the power spectrum Px ( ⁇ ) that is the main signal. calculate.
- the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 308 calculates the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ) using, for example, the calculation formula shown in (Formula 22).
- (Formula 22) is an example of a calculation formula for calculating the noise suppression coefficient H ( ⁇ ), and is a calculation formula having the characteristics of the Wiener filter.
- ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ ) are weighting factors.
- the calculation method of the weight coefficients ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ) and ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ ) is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 3 described above, similarly to the weight coefficient ⁇ ( ⁇ ) calculated by the noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 108B. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.
- Embodiments 3 and 4 it is possible to estimate noise coming from a plurality of directions by configuring so that the reference signal can be calculated for each direction. Thereby, an acoustic signal having directivity having a narrower directivity angle with respect to the target direction can be accurately formed.
- the directional microphone device has been described based on the embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Unless it deviates from the gist of the present invention, one or more of the present invention may be applied to various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art, or forms constructed by combining components in different embodiments. It may be included within the scope of the embodiments.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the configuration of the directional microphone device 3A according to the fifth embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in FIGS.
- the reference signal is calculated for each direction, and the noise suppression processing is performed by the noise suppression unit 310, so that noise arriving from a plurality of directions can be estimated and filter coefficients calculated between frames can be updated.
- This can be done in short time units.
- each of the above devices excluding the microphone are specifically implemented as a computer system including a microprocessor, ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like.
- a computer program is stored in the RAM.
- Each device achieves its functions by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program.
- the computer program is configured by combining a plurality of instruction codes indicating instructions for the computer in order to achieve a predetermined function.
- a part or all of the constituent elements constituting each of the above-described devices except the microphone may be constituted by a single system LSI (Large Scale Integration).
- the system LSI is an ultra-multifunctional LSI manufactured by integrating a plurality of components on a single chip, and specifically, a computer system including a microprocessor, ROM, RAM, and the like. .
- a computer program is stored in the RAM.
- the system LSI achieves its functions by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program.
- a part or all of the components constituting each of the above-described devices except for the microphone may be constituted by an IC (Integrated Circuit) card that can be attached to and detached from each device or a single module.
- the IC card or the module is a computer system including a microprocessor, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the IC card or module may include the super multifunctional LSI described above.
- the IC card or the module achieves its function by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program. This IC card or this module may have tamper resistance.
- An output signal is received from a microphone as an external device, and a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in the target direction and a second acoustic signal having sensitivity blind spot in the target direction may be generated using the received output signal. .
- a first directivity synthesis unit that generates a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in a target direction
- a second directivity synthesis unit that generates a second acoustic signal having a sensitivity blind spot in the target direction
- the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit and the second directivity synthesis unit By multiplying the second acoustic signal generated in step N by N times (N> 0) in the frequency domain, thereby reducing the angular range of the sensitivity dead angle in the target direction from that of the second acoustic signal.
- Noise suppression using a correction unit that generates a signal and the first acoustic signal generated by the first directivity synthesis unit as a main signal and the third acoustic signal generated by the correction unit as a reference signal To narrow the directivity of the first acoustic signal in the target direction. It may comprise a suppressor that generates an output sound signal.
- the present invention may be the method described above. Moreover, the computer program which implement
- this program generates a first directivity synthesis step for generating a first acoustic signal having sensitivity in a target direction and a second acoustic signal for generating a second acoustic signal having sensitivity dead angle in the target direction.
- the directivity synthesis step, the first acoustic signal generated in the first directivity synthesis step, and the second acoustic signal generated in the second directivity synthesis step By multiplying the first acoustic signal generated in the first directivity synthesis step N times (N> 0) in the frequency domain, the angular range of the sensitivity blind angle in the target direction is determined from the second acoustic signal.
- the correction step for generating the narrowed third acoustic signal and the first acoustic signal generated in the first directivity synthesis step as a main signal are generated in the correction step.
- Performing a suppression step of generating an output acoustic signal in which the directivity in the target direction of the first acoustic signal is narrowed by performing noise suppression using the third acoustic signal thus generated as a reference signal It is good also as a program for.
- the present invention also relates to a computer-readable recording medium such as a flexible disk, a hard disk, a CD-ROM (Compact Read Only Memory), an MO (Magneto-Optical disc), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc). ), DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, BD (Blu-ray (registered trademark) Disc), semiconductor memory, or the like.
- a computer-readable recording medium such as a flexible disk, a hard disk, a CD-ROM (Compact Read Only Memory), an MO (Magneto-Optical disc), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc). ), DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, BD (Blu-ray (registered trademark) Disc), semiconductor memory, or the like.
- the digital signal currently recorded on these recording media may be sufficient.
- the present invention may also be a computer program or digital signal transmitted via an electric communication line, a wireless or wired communication line, a network represented by the Internet, data broadcasting, or the like.
- the present invention may also
- the memory stores a computer program, and the microprocessor may operate according to the computer program. Further, the program or digital signal may be recorded on a recording medium and transferred, or the program or digital signal may be transferred via a network or the like, and may be implemented by another independent computer system.
- a plurality of directional signals have been generated using a microphone array and a plurality of directional synthesis units. Instead, the outputs of a plurality of directional microphones arranged in close proximity are used. May be.
- the present invention can be used for a directional microphone device, an acoustic signal processing method, and a program.
- the present invention can be used for a directional microphone device, an acoustic signal processing method, and a program that are applied to applications such as an application installed in a portable terminal that collects sound of a direction.
- Second microphone 101 Microphone array 101L, 101R, 101F, 101B Omnidirectional microphone unit 102
- First directivity synthesis unit 103 Second directivity synthesis unit 104, 304 Conversion unit 105, 105A, 105B, 105C Correction unit 106, 106A, 106B, 306 Calculation unit 107, 107A, 107B, 207, 307 Suppression unit 108, 108A, 108B Noise suppression coefficient Calculation unit 109, 109A Noise suppression processing unit 109B, 209, 310
- Noise suppression unit 110 First coefficient multiplication unit 111 First subtraction unit 200 Beam width control unit 301
- Noise suppression coefficient calculation unit 901 First microphone unit 902
- Two microphone units 910 Determination unit 920
- Adaptive filter unit 930 Signal subtraction unit 940
- Noise suppression filter coefficient calculation unit 950 Time-varying coefficient filter unit 1021, 3011 First delay unit 1022, 3012 Second delay unit 1023, 1031, 30
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Abstract
Description
まず、特許文献1に開示された、目的方向以外の音を抑圧できる従来の指向性マイクロホン装置について説明する。ここで、目的音方向とはマイクロホン装置が持つ指向特性の指向性主軸を指す。
図1は、実施の形態1における指向性マイクロホン装置の構成の一例を示す図である。図1に示す指向性マイクロホン装置1は、第1のマイクロホン11と、第2のマイクロホン12と、変換部104と、補正部105と、算出部106と、抑圧部107とを有する。
図5Aは、主信号パワースペクトルPx(ω)が持つ指向性パターンを実線、Pr2(ω)に係数C(ω)を乗算してレベル調整した第3の参照信号パワースペクトルPr3(ω)が持つ指向性パターンを破線で示す。以下では、(式3)、(式4)におけるNを(式7)として計算したもので説明する。
図9は、実施の形態1の変形例における指向性マイクロホン装置の構成を示す図である。図10は、実施の形態1の変形例における抑圧部の詳細構成の一例を示す図である。なお、図1および図3と同様の要素には同一の符号を付しており、詳細な説明は省略する。
実施の形態1では、補正部105において、第1の参照信号スペクトルR1(ω)に乗算する主信号スペクトルX(ω)の回数Nを予め定めた値として説明したが、それに限られない。Nは、変動させてもよい。以下この場合の例について説明する。
以下の実施の形態において、同一機能を有する構成には、同一符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。また、以下では、図中の0°は目的方向を示している。
図17は、実施の形態4における指向性マイクロホン装置の構成の一例を示す図である。図17において、図12と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図18は、実施の形態5における指向性マイクロホン装置の構成の一例を示す図である。図19は、実施の形態5における第3の指向性合成部の詳細構成の一例を示す図である。なお、図12と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
11 第1のマイクロホン
12 第2のマイクロホン
101 マイクロホンアレイ
101L、101R、101F、101B 無指向性マイクロホンユニット
102 第1の指向性合成部
103 第2の指向性合成部
104、304 変換部
105、105A、105B、105C 補正部
106、106A、106B、306 算出部
107、107A、107B、207、307 抑圧部
108、108A、108B 雑音抑圧係数算出部
109、109A 雑音抑圧処理部
109B、209、310 雑音抑圧部
110 第1の係数乗算部
111 第1の減算部
200 ビーム幅制御部
301 第3の指向性合成部
308 雑音抑圧係数算出部
901 第1のマイクロホンユニット
902 第2のマイクロホンユニット
910 判定部
920 適応フィルタ部
930 信号減算部
940 雑音抑圧フィルタ係数算出部
950 時変係数フィルタ部
1021、3011 第1の遅延器
1022、3012 第2の遅延器
1023、1031、3013 減算器
1024、1032、3014 EQ
1041 第1の時間-周波数変換部
1042 第2の時間-周波数変換部
1050 演算部
1051 スペクトル乗算部
1052、1054、1055 絶対値演算部
1056 乗算部
1053、1057 平方根算出部
1061 第1のパワースペクトル算出部
1062、1062A、1062B 第2のパワースペクトル算出部
1091 乗算器
1092 周波数-時間変換部
2091 周波数-時間変換部
2092 時変係数FIRフィルタ部
3043 第3の時間-周波数変換部
3063 第3のパワースペクトル算出部
Claims (19)
- 目的方向に感度を有する第1の音響信号を生成する第1の指向性合成部と、
前記目的方向に感度死角を有する第2の音響信号を生成する第2の指向性合成部と、
前記第2の指向性合成部で生成された前記第2の音響信号に対して、前記第1の指向性合成部で生成された前記第1の音響信号をN回(N>0)周波数領域で乗算することによって、前記目的方向の感度死角の角度範囲を前記第2の音響信号より狭くした第3の音響信号を生成する補正部と、
前記第1の指向性合成部で生成された前記第1の音響信号を主信号とし、前記補正部で生成された前記第3の音響信号を参照信号として雑音抑圧を行うことで、前記第1の音響信号の前記目的方向の指向性を狭角化した出力音響信号を生成する抑圧部とを備える、
指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記第1の指向性合成部および前記第2の指向性合成部は、複数のマイクロホンから構成されるマイクロホンアレイの出力信号を演算処理することで、前記第1の音響信号および前記第2の音響信号を生成する、
請求項1に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - さらに、前記第1の指向性合成部で生成された前記第1の音響信号と、前記第2の指向性合成部で生成された前記第2の音響信号とを周波数領域の信号に変換する第1の変換部を備え、
前記補正部は、前記第1の変換部で周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第2の音響信号に対して前記第1の変換部で周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第1の音響信号をN回(N>0)乗算することにより、前記第3の音響信号を生成する、
請求項1または2に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記Nは、1であり、
前記補正部は、
周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第2の音響信号と周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第1の音響信号とを複素乗算するスペクトル乗算部と、
前記スペクトル乗算部の出力信号の絶対値を算出する絶対値演算部と、
前記絶対値演算部により算出された前記絶対値の平方根を算出することにより、前記第3の音響信号を生成する平方根算出部と、を有する、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記Nは、1であり、
前記補正部は、
周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第1の音響信号の第1の絶対値および周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第2の音響信号の第2の絶対値を算出する絶対値演算部と、
前記絶対値演算部で算出された前記第1の絶対値と前記第2の絶対値との乗算を行う乗算部と、
前記乗算部により行われた乗算値の平方根を算出することにより、前記第3の音響信号を生成する平方根算出部と、を有する、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記抑圧部は、
前記第1の音響信号と前記第3の音響信号とのパワースペクトルを用いて、前記第1の音響信号に含まれる前記目的方向の音以外の音である雑音を抑圧する雑音抑圧係数を算出する雑音抑圧係数算出部と、
前記第1の指向性合成部で生成された前記第1の音響信号に前記雑音抑圧係数算出部で算出された前記雑音抑圧係数を適用し、前記雑音を抑圧して前記目的方向の音のみを抽出することにより前記雑音抑圧を行うことで、前記出力音響信号を生成する雑音抑圧部と、を備える、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - さらに、周波数領域の信号に変換されている前記第1の音響信号および前記第3の音響信号のそれぞれのパワースペクトルを算出するパワースペクトル算出部を備え、
前記抑圧部は、前記第1の音響信号または前記第1の変換部で周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第1の音響信号と、前記パワースペクトル算出部で算出された前記第1の音響信号のパワースペクトルとを主信号とし、前記パワースペクトル算出部で算出された前記第3の音響信号のパワースペクトルを参照信号として前記雑音抑圧を行うことで、前記出力音響信号を生成する、
請求項3に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記パワースペクトル算出部は、前記補正部で生成された前記第3の音響信号の絶対値に対して(2/(N+1))乗の演算をすることにより、前記第3の音響信号のパワースペクトルを算出する、
請求項7に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記抑圧部は、
前記第3の音響信号のパワースペクトルに所定の係数を乗算して出力する第1の係数乗算部と、
前記第1の音響信号のパワースペクトルから前記第1の係数乗算部からの出力信号を減算する第1の減算部と、
前記第1の音響信号のパワースペクトルと前記第1の減算部からの出力信号とを入力として、前記第1の音響信号に含まれる前記目的方向の音以外の音である雑音を抑圧する雑音抑圧係数を算出する雑音抑圧係数算出部と、
前記第1の音響信号または前記第1の変換部で周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第1の音響信号と前記雑音抑圧係数算出部で算出された前記雑音抑圧係数とを入力として前記雑音抑圧を行うことで、前記出力音響信号を生成する雑音抑圧処理部とを備える、
請求項7または8に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - さらに、前記補正部における乗算回数である前記Nと、前記パワースペクトル算出部における(2/(N+1))乗のN値を変化させることで前記指向性マイクロホン装置の指向性を制御するビーム幅制御部を備える、
請求項8に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記Nは、ゼロより大きい実数である、
請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - さらに、周波数領域の信号に変換された、前記第1の音響信号および前記第3の音響信号のそれぞれのパワースペクトルを算出するパワースペクトル算出部を備え、
前記雑音抑圧係数算出部は、
前記パワースペクトル算出部で算出された前記第1の音響信号のパワースペクトルを主信号とし、前記パワースペクトル算出部で算出された前記第3の音響信号のパワースペクトルを参照信号として、前記雑音抑圧係数を算出する、
請求項6に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記指向性マイクロホン装置は、さらに、前記目的方向に感度死角を有し、かつ、前記第2の音響信号とは異なる指向性パターンを有する第4の音響信号を生成する第3の指向性合成部を備え、
前記抑圧部は、さらに、前記補正部で生成された前記第3の音響信号を主信号とし、前記第3の指向性合成部で生成された前記第4の音響信号を参照信号として、前記第3の音響信号に含まれる前記目的方向に対して正反対の方向の音である第1の雑音を抑圧する反対方向雑音抑圧部と、
前記第1の音響信号と前記第4の音響信号と前記反対方向雑音抑圧部の出力信号とを用いて、前記第1の雑音を含む前記目的方向の音以外の音である雑音を抑圧する雑音抑圧係数を算出する雑音抑圧係数算出部と、
前記第1の指向性合成部で生成された前記第1の音響信号に前記雑音抑圧係数算出部で算出された前記雑音抑圧係数を適用し、前記雑音を抑圧して前記目的方向の音のみを抽出することにより前記雑音抑圧を行うことで、前記出力音響信号を生成する雑音抑圧部とを備える、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - さらに、前記第1の指向性合成部で生成された前記第1の音響信号と、前記第2の指向性合成部で生成された前記第2の音響信号と、前記第3の指向性合成部で生成された前記第4の音響信号とを周波数領域の信号に変換する第1の変換部と、
前記第1の変換部で周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第1の音響信号と前記第3の音響信号と前記第4の音響信号とのそれぞれのパワースペクトルを算出するパワースペクトル算出部を備え、
前記反対方向雑音抑圧部は、前記第3の音響信号のパワースペクトルを主信号とし、前記第4の音響信号のパワースペクトルを参照信号として、前記第1の雑音を抑圧する、
請求項13に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記雑音抑圧係数算出部は、前記第1の音響信号のパワースペクトルを主信号とし、前記反対方向雑音抑圧部の出力信号及び前記第4の音響信号のパワースペクトルを参照信号として、前記雑音抑圧係数を算出する、
請求項14に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記雑音抑圧部は、
周波数領域の信号に変換された前記第1の音響信号と、前記雑音抑圧係数算出部で算出された前記雑音抑圧係数との乗算を行い、前記雑音を抑圧した前記目的方向の目的音響信号のみを抽出する乗算器と、
前記乗算器で抽出された前記目的音響信号を時間領域の信号に変換することで、前記出力音響信号を生成する逆フーリエ変換部と、を有する、
請求項6、13~15のいずれか1項に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 前記雑音抑圧部は、
周波数領域の係数である前記雑音抑圧係数を時間領域のFIRフィルタの係数に変換する第2の変換部と、
前記第2の変換部で変換された1単位時間前のFIRフィルタの係数を、前記第2の変換部で変換された現単位時間のFIRフィルタの係数を用いて更新し、前記第1の指向性合成部で生成された前記第1の音響信号にフィルタ処理を行うことにより、前記出力音響信号を生成する時変係数FIRフィルタ部と、を有する、
請求項6、13~15のいずれか1項に記載の指向性マイクロホン装置。 - 目的方向に感度を有する第1の音響信号を生成する第1の指向性合成ステップと、
前記目的方向に感度死角を有する第2の音響信号を生成する第2の指向性合成ステップと、
前記第2の指向性合成ステップにおいて生成された前記第2の音響信号に対して、前記第1の指向性合成ステップにおいて生成された前記第1の音響信号をN回(N>0)周波数領域で乗算することによって、前記目的方向の感度死角の角度範囲を前記第2の音響信号より狭くした第3の音響信号を生成する補正ステップと、
前記第1の指向性合成ステップにおいて生成された前記第1の音響信号を主信号とし、前記補正ステップにおいて生成された前記第3の音響信号を参照信号として雑音抑圧を行うことで、前記第1の音響信号の前記目的方向の指向性を狭角化した出力音響信号を生成する抑圧ステップとを含む、
音響信号処理方法。 - 音響信号処理方法を行うためのプログラムであって、
目的方向に感度を有する第1の音響信号を生成する第1の指向性合成ステップと、
前記目的方向に感度死角を有する第2の音響信号を生成する第2の指向性合成ステップと、
前記第2の指向性合成ステップにおいて生成された前記第2の音響信号に対して、前記第1の指向性合成ステップにおいて生成された前記第1の音響信号をN回(N>0)周波数領域で乗算することによって、前記目的方向の感度死角の角度範囲を前記第2の音響信号より狭くした第3の音響信号を生成する補正ステップと、
前記第1の指向性合成ステップにおいて生成された前記第1の音響信号を主信号とし、前記補正ステップにおいて生成された前記第3の音響信号を参照信号として雑音抑圧を行うことで、前記第1の音響信号の前記目的方向の指向性を狭角化した出力音響信号を生成する抑圧ステップとを、
コンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
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