WO2014097556A1 - 圧粉磁芯用鉄粉 - Google Patents

圧粉磁芯用鉄粉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014097556A1
WO2014097556A1 PCT/JP2013/007055 JP2013007055W WO2014097556A1 WO 2014097556 A1 WO2014097556 A1 WO 2014097556A1 JP 2013007055 W JP2013007055 W JP 2013007055W WO 2014097556 A1 WO2014097556 A1 WO 2014097556A1
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iron powder
powder
mass
iron
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PCT/JP2013/007055
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
拓也 高下
中村 尚道
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Jfeスチール株式会社
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Priority to CN201380064805.6A priority Critical patent/CN104837581B/zh
Priority to US14/442,217 priority patent/US10010935B2/en
Priority to SE1550819A priority patent/SE538059C2/sv
Priority to KR1020157015499A priority patent/KR101584599B1/ko
Priority to CA2891206A priority patent/CA2891206C/en
Publication of WO2014097556A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014097556A1/ja

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/22Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/052Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/08Metallic powder characterised by particles having an amorphous microstructure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/102Metallic powder coated with organic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/20Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D3/00Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D3/02Extraction of non-metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D3/00Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D3/02Extraction of non-metals
    • C21D3/04Decarburising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/22Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • H01F1/24Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/08Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B22F2009/0828Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35Iron
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/10Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C2202/00Physical properties
    • C22C2202/02Magnetic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24Magnetic cores

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an iron powder for a dust core in which a powder core having a low iron loss and a high density can be obtained.
  • Magnetic cores used in motors and transformers are required to have high magnetic flux density and low iron loss.
  • a laminate of electromagnetic steel sheets has been used as such a magnetic core, but in recent years, a dust core has attracted attention as a magnetic core material for motors.
  • the biggest feature of the dust core is that a three-dimensional magnetic circuit can be formed. Since magnetic steel sheets form magnetic cores by lamination, there is a limit to the degree of freedom in shape. However, in the case of a dust core, since the soft magnetic particles coated with insulation are pressed and molded, if there is only a mold, the degree of freedom of the shape exceeding that of the electromagnetic steel sheet can be obtained.
  • press forming has a short process and low cost compared to the lamination of steel plates, and it combines with the low cost of the base powder to demonstrate excellent cost performance. Furthermore, since the magnetic steel sheets are laminated with the steel plate surfaces insulated, the magnetic characteristics are different between the steel sheet surface direction and the surface vertical direction, and the magnetic properties in the surface vertical direction are poor. Since each particle is covered with an insulating coating, the magnetic properties are uniform in all directions, and it is suitable for use in a three-dimensional magnetic circuit.
  • the dust core is an indispensable material for designing a three-dimensional magnetic circuit and has excellent cost performance. From this point of view, research and development of a motor having a three-dimensional magnetic circuit using a dust core has been actively conducted.
  • Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 as impurities, mass%, C: 0.005% or less, Si: more than 0.01% Iron powder containing 0.03% or less, Mn: 0.03% or more and 0.07% or less, P: 0.01% or less, S: 0.01% or less, O: 0.10% or less, and N: 0.001% or less,
  • a technology relating to a highly compressible iron powder having an average number of crystal grains of 4 or less and a micro Vickers hardness HV of 80 or less on average is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses that the impurity content is C ⁇ 0.005%, Si ⁇ 0.010%, Mn ⁇ 0.050%, P ⁇ 0.010%, S ⁇ 0.010%, O ⁇ 0.10% and N ⁇ 0.0020%, and the balance.
  • Is substantially composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, and its particle size composition is sieving weight ratio (%) using a sieve defined in JIS Z 8801, -60 / + 83 mesh is 5% or less, and -83 / + 100 mesh is 4 % To 10%, -100 / + 140 mesh is 10% to 25%, 330 mesh passage is 10% to 30%, and the average grain size of -60 / + 200 mesh is specified in JIS G 0052 Coarse crystal grains of 6.0 or less according to the ferrite crystal grain size measurement method, when 0.75% of zinc stearate is blended as a lubricant for powder metallurgy and molded at a molding pressure of 5 t / cm 2 , 7.05 g / A pure iron powder for powder metallurgy excellent in compressibility and magnetic properties capable of obtaining a green compact density of cm 3 or more is disclosed.
  • the particle size distribution of the iron powder is mass% obtained by sieving using a sieve defined in JIS Z 8801, passing through a sieve having a nominal size of 1 mm and passing through a sieve having a nominal size of 250 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the micro Vickers hardness of the iron powder having a particle size that does not pass through a 150 ⁇ m sieve is 110 or less, and the impurity content of the iron powder is mass%, C ⁇ 0.005%, Si ⁇ 0.01%, Mn ⁇ 0.05 %, P ⁇ 0.01%, S ⁇ 0.01%, O ⁇ 0.10% and N ⁇ 0.003% are disclosed. It is.
  • Patent Document 4 discloses that the particle size composition of iron powder is a mass% obtained by sieving using a sieve defined in JIS Z 8801, passing through a sieve having a nominal size of 1 mm and passing through a sieve having a nominal size of 180 ⁇ m.
  • Non-granular particles with a particle size exceeding 0% and 2% or less, passing through a sieve with a nominal size of 180 ⁇ m, and those having a particle size not passing through a sieve with a nominal size of 150 ⁇ m The upper limit of the micro Vickers hardness of the iron powder with a particle size that does not pass through the sieve having a nominal size of 150 ⁇ m is 110 or less, and the iron powder contains impurities.
  • Technology related to highly compressible iron powder 2 in which the amount is% by mass, C ⁇ 0.005%, Si ⁇ 0.01%, Mn ⁇ 0.05%, P ⁇ 0.01%, S ⁇ 0.01%, O ⁇ 0.10% and N ⁇ 0.003% Are also disclosed.
  • Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can obtain a high-density molded body, there is no mention of iron loss, and studies on reducing iron loss are insufficient. Further, in Patent Document 3, as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, studies relating to higher density are mainly described, and the description relating to lowering iron loss is still insufficient. Furthermore, the highly compressible iron powders 1 and 2 of Patent Document 4 are both specialized for increasing the magnetic flux density, as in the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, and are concerned with reducing iron loss. Has not been made.
  • the present invention has been developed in view of the above-described present situation, and an object thereof is to provide iron powder for a dust core having excellent compressibility and low iron loss after molding.
  • the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. An iron powder for a dust core made of pure iron powder obtained by a water atomization method, The pure iron powder contains Si: 0.01 mass% or less, Apparent density: 3.8g / cm 3 or more, Iron powder particle size: the ratio of 45 ⁇ m or less is 10mass% or less, Iron powder particle size: The ratio of more than 180 ⁇ m and less than 250 ⁇ m is less than 30mass%, The ratio of iron powder particle size over 250 ⁇ m is 10mass% or less, Iron powder for dust cores with a Vickers hardness (test force: 0.245 N) of the powder cross section of 80 Hv or less.
  • Si content When Si is contained in molten steel, pure iron powder obtained by the water atomization method (hereinafter also simply referred to as powder or iron powder) is oxidized during water atomization to produce oxide inclusions in the grains. As a result, hysteresis loss increases. Moreover, since the fine Si oxide produced
  • the iron powder is plastically deformed by press molding to form a high-density molded body.
  • fine iron powder with a grain size of 45 ⁇ m or less is possible because it greatly increases hysteresis loss. It is necessary to reduce as much as possible.
  • the apparent density of the powder is 3.8 g / cm 3 or more. It is essential and is preferably 4.0 g / cm 3 or more.
  • the apparent density is an index indicating the degree of powder filling rate and can be measured by a test method defined in JIS Z 2504.
  • the iron powder according to the present invention mainly has a particle size of more than 45 ⁇ m and a particle size of 180 ⁇ m or less (50 mass% or more and may be 100 mass%), but a fine iron powder having a particle diameter of 45 ⁇ m or less has a hysteresis loss.
  • 10 mass% or less is essential, Preferably it is 5 mass% or less. It may be 0 mass%.
  • the proportion of iron powder of 45 ⁇ m or less can be determined by sieving using a sieve defined in JIS Z 8801-1.
  • coarse iron powder having a particle size of more than 180 ⁇ m has high compressibility, so it needs to be contained at a certain ratio.
  • excessive inclusion causes an increase in eddy current loss. Therefore, it is necessary that the iron powder having a particle size of more than 180 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m or less is less than 30 mass%, and the iron powder of more than 250 ⁇ m is 10 mass% or less.
  • the iron powder having a particle size of more than 180 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m or less is 25 mass% or less, and the iron powder of more than 250 ⁇ m is 5 mass% or less.
  • 0 mass% may be sufficient respectively.
  • iron powder which is the object to be measured, is mixed with thermoplastic resin powder to make a mixed powder, then this mixed powder is charged into an appropriate mold, heated to melt the resin, and then cooled and solidified. , Iron powder-containing resin solids.
  • the surface of the iron powder-containing resin solid material cut with an appropriate cross section is polished, and after the processed layer is removed by corrosion, a micro Vickers hardness tester (test force: 0.245 N (25 gf)) is used. Then measure the hardness of the iron powder. The measurement is performed at one point for each particle, and it is preferable to measure the hardness of at least 10 powders and use the average value.
  • the powder to be measured needs to have a size that can accommodate the indentation, so that the powder particle size is preferably 100 ⁇ m or more. Except for the above procedure, measurement is performed according to JIS Z2244.
  • the iron powder for a dust core in the present invention is obtained by a water atomizing method, and the molten steel has a normal pure iron powder composition except Si, C, O, S and N.
  • Si Si ⁇ 0.01 mass%
  • C may be added to the composition of pure iron powder or more for deoxidation, but it is preferable to decarburize in a subsequent process and finally reduce it to 0.01 mass% or less.
  • the composition of the pure iron powder is equivalent to 300A, which is a pure iron powder for powder metallurgy commercially available from JFE Steel Corporation.
  • this powder is subjected to reduction annealing.
  • the reduction annealing is preferably performed in a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen, and is preferably performed at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher and lower than 1100 ° C. for 1 h or longer and 5 h or shorter.
  • the iron powder after atomization contains a large amount of C, it is carried out by including water vapor in hydrogen.
  • the amount of water vapor is not particularly limited and can be appropriately changed according to the amount of C in the iron powder. However, it is general to add water vapor so that the dew point is about 30 to 60 ° C.
  • the agglomeration is solved by a crushing step, and sieved so that particles of 45 ⁇ m or less become 10 mass% or less. Also, coarse powder can be removed by appropriate sieving.
  • sieving there is a method of sieving using a sieve defined in JIS Z 8801-1.
  • the apparent density of the iron powder after sieving is less than 3.8 g / cm 3
  • the apparent density is reduced to 3.8 g by adjusting the particle size or spheroidizing (Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-21001). / cm 3 or more.
  • the spheroidizing treatment it is preferable to perform strain relief annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 700 ° C. to 850 ° C. for about 1 to 5 hours in order to remove strain during processing.
  • an insulating coating on the surface of the iron powder.
  • This insulating coating may be anything as long as it can maintain the insulating properties between the particles, but as such an insulating coating, a glassy insulating amorphous based on a silicone resin, a metal phosphate or a metal borate is used. Examples include layers, metal oxides such as MgO, forsterite, talc and Al 2 O 3 , or crystalline insulating layers based on SiO 2 .
  • the iron powder coated with the insulating coating is inserted into a mold and press-molded into a desired size and shape (a dust core shape) to form a dust core.
  • the pressure molding method any ordinary molding method such as a room temperature molding method or a mold lubrication molding method can be applied.
  • the preferred molding pressure is 981 MPa (10 t / cm 2 ) or more, more preferably 1471 MPa (15 t / cm 2 ) or more.
  • the upper limit of the molding pressure is not particularly limited, but is about 1960 MPa (20 t / cm 2 ) due to equipment limitations.
  • a preferable mold temperature is 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
  • the upper limit of the mold temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 300 ° C. due to equipment limitations.
  • die wall surface or adding to a powder as needed can be taken.
  • the friction between the mold and the powder can be reduced at the time of pressure molding, the decrease in the density of the molded body can be suppressed, and the friction at the time of extraction from the mold can be reduced. It is possible to prevent cracking of the molded body (dust core) at the time.
  • Preferred lubricants include metal soaps such as lithium stearate, zinc stearate and calcium stearate, and waxes such as fatty acid amides.
  • the dust core is subjected to heat treatment for the purpose of reducing the hysteresis loss due to strain relief and increasing the strength of the compacted body after pressure molding.
  • the heat treatment time is preferably in the range of 5 to 120 minutes.
  • the heating atmosphere may be in the air, in an inert atmosphere, in a reducing atmosphere, or in a vacuum, but there is no problem even if any of them is adopted. Moreover, what is necessary is just to determine an atmospheric dew point suitably according to a use. Furthermore, a step of holding at a constant temperature when the temperature is raised or lowered during the heat treatment may be provided.
  • the powders shown in Table 1 were each provided with an insulating coating with a silicone resin. After the silicone resin is dissolved in toluene and a resin dilution solution is prepared so that the resin content is 0.9 mass%, the powder and the resin dilution solution are mixed so that the resin addition ratio to the powder is 0.1 mass%, Dry in air. After drying, a silicone resin-coated iron powder was obtained by performing a resin baking treatment at 200 ° C. for 120 minutes in the air. These powders were molded by molding pressure: 1471 MPa (15 t / cm 2 ) and die lubrication to produce ring-shaped test pieces having an outer diameter of 38 mm, an inner diameter of 25 mm, and a height of 6 mm.
  • Table 2 shows the measurement results of the density and magnetic properties of the molded body together with the molded body density.
  • the acceptance criterion for magnetic flux density was B 100 ⁇ 1.70 T
  • the acceptance criterion for iron loss was W 10 / 1K ⁇ 80 W / kg.
  • Table 2 also shows the crystal grain measurement results.
  • the invention examples (sample numbers: 1 and 2) according to the present invention not only have a high density of the compact, but both the magnetic flux density (B 100 ) and the iron loss (W 10 / 1K ) are acceptable. It can be seen that it has excellent magnetic properties.
  • Sample Nos. 3 to 6 having a larger amount of Si than the invention examples did not reach the acceptance standards for both magnetic flux density and iron loss. Further, it can be seen from the results of sample numbers 3 to 6 that the magnetic flux density tends to decrease and the iron loss tends to increase as the Si amount increases. This is considered to be due to the fact that the powder hardens as the Si content increases and that the fine oxides generated during water atomization increased.
  • Sample No. 7 containing a large amount of iron powder of 45 ⁇ m or less as compared with Invention Examples and Sample No. 8 having a high powder hardness did not reach the acceptance criteria for both magnetic flux density and iron loss.
  • the increase in fine powder led to an increase in total iron loss due to a decrease in compressibility and an increase in hysteresis loss.
  • the hardness of the powder is high because the crystal grains in the powder are fine or strain is accumulated, thereby reducing the compressibility and increasing the hysteresis loss. This is thought to have led to an increase in total iron loss.
  • Sample No. 9 is considered to have increased hysteresis loss as a result of accumulation of many strains during molding due to a decrease in apparent density, resulting in an increase in iron loss.
  • Sample Nos. 10 and 11 have high compressibility because they contain a lot of coarse powder, and although the compact density and magnetic flux density exceed the values of the invention examples, the coarse powder increased eddy current loss. It is considered that the iron loss did not meet the acceptance criteria.

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Abstract

 本発明に従い、圧粉磁芯用鉄粉を、Siの含有量:0.01mass%以下、見掛密度:3.8g/cm3以上、鉄粉粒径:45μm以下の割合が10mass%以下、鉄粉粒径:180μm超250μm以下の割合が30mass%未満、鉄粉粒径250μm超の割合が10mass%以下で、粉末断面のビッカース硬さ(試験力:0.245N)が80Hv以下とすることによって、圧縮性に優れ、かつ成形後の鉄損が低い圧粉磁芯用鉄粉を得ることができる。

Description

圧粉磁芯用鉄粉
 本発明は、鉄損が低く、かつ高密度な圧粉磁芯が得られる圧粉磁芯用鉄粉に関するものである。
 モータやトランスなどに用いられる磁芯には、磁束密度が高く鉄損が低いといった特性が要求される。従来、このような磁芯には電磁鋼板を積層したものが用いられてきたが、近年では、モータ用磁芯材料として、圧粉磁芯が注目されている。
 圧粉磁芯の最大の特徴は、三次元的な磁気回路が形成可能な点である。電磁鋼板は、積層によって磁芯を成形するために、形状の自由度に限界がある。しかしながら、圧粉磁芯であれば、絶縁被覆された軟磁性粒子をプレスして成形されるため、金型さえあれば、電磁鋼板を上回る形状の自由度を得ることができる。
 また、プレス成形は、鋼板の積層に比べて工程が短く、かつコストが安いため、ベースとなる粉末の安さも相まって、優れたコストパフォーマンスを発揮する。更に、電磁鋼板は、鋼板表面が絶縁されたものを積層するため、鋼板面方向と面垂直方向で磁気特性が異なって、面垂直方向の磁気特性が悪いという欠点を有するが、圧粉磁芯は、粒子一つ一つが絶縁被覆に覆われているため、あらゆる方向に対して磁気特性が均一であって、3次元的な磁気回路に用いるのに適しているのである。
 このように、圧粉磁芯は、三次元磁気回路を設計する上で不可欠な素材であって、かつコストパフォーマンスに優れることから、近年、モータの小型化や、レアアースフリー化、低コスト化などの観点より、圧粉磁芯を利用し、三次元磁気回路を有するモータの研究開発が盛んに行われている。
 また、このような粉末冶金技術によって高性能の磁性部品を製造する場合、高密度であることと、成形後の優れた鉄損特性とが要求される。高密度化することで、鉄心の磁束密度と透磁率が高くなり、少ない電流で高いトルクを発生させることが可能となる。また、低鉄損化することで、モータ効率の改善が成されるからである。
 上記の様な背景から、様々な高圧縮性鉄粉が開発されているが、例えば、特許文献1及び特許文献2では、不純物として、質量%で、C:0.005%以下、Si:0.01%超0.03%以下、Mn:0.03%以上0.07%以下、P:0.01%以下、S:0.01%以下、O:0.10%以下及びN:0.001%以下を含む鉄粉であって、該鉄粉の粒子が、平均で4個以下の結晶粒数と、マイクロビッカース硬さHVで平均80以下の硬さを有する高圧縮性鉄粉に関する技術が開示されている。
 また、特許文献3には、不純物含有量が、C≦0.005%、Si≦0.010%、Mn≦0.050%、P≦0.010%、S≦0.010%、O≦0.10%及びN≦0.0020%で、残部が実質的にFe及び不可避不純物からなり、その粒度構成がJIS Z 8801に定める篩を用いた篩い分け重量比(%)で、-60/+83メッシュが5%以下、-83/+100メッシュが4%以上10%以下、-100/+140メッシュが10%以上25%以下、330メッシュ通過分が10%以上30%以下であり、-60/+200メッシュの平均結晶粒径がJIS G 0052に規定されるフェライト結晶粒径測定法で6.0以下の粗大結晶粒であって、粉末冶金用潤滑剤としてステアリン酸亜鉛を0.75%配合して5t/cm2の成形圧力で金型成形したとき、7.05g/cm3以上の圧粉体密度が得られる圧縮性と磁気特性に優れた粉末冶金用純鉄粉が開示されている。
 さらに、特許文献4には、鉄粉の粒度分布が、JIS Z 8801に定める篩を用いて篩い分けした質量%で、呼び寸法が1mmの篩を通過し、かつ呼び寸法が250μmの篩を通過しない粒度のものが0%を超え45%以下、呼び寸法が250μmの篩を通過し、かつ呼び寸法が180μmの篩を通過しない粒度のものが30%以上65%以下、呼び寸法が180μmの篩を通過し、かつ呼び寸法が150μmの篩を通過しない粒度のものが4%以上20%以下、呼び寸法が150μmの篩を通過する粒度のものが0%以上10%以下であるとともに、呼び寸法が150μmの篩を通過しない粒度の鉄粉のマイクロビッカース硬度の上限値が110以下であり、かつ前記鉄粉の不純物含有量が質量%で、C≦0.005%、Si≦0.01%、Mn≦0.05%、P≦0.01%、S≦0.01%、O≦0.10%及びN≦0.003%である高圧縮性鉄粉1が開示されている。また、特許文献4には、鉄粉の粒度構成が、JIS Z 8801に定める篩を用いて篩い分けした質量%で、呼び寸法が1mmの篩を通過し、かつ呼び寸法が180μmの篩を通過しない粒度のものが0%を超え2%以下、呼び寸法が180μmの篩を通過し、かつ呼び寸法が150μmの篩を通過しない粒度のものが30%以上70%以下、呼び寸法が150μmの篩を通過する粒度のものが20%以上60%以下であるとともに、呼び寸法が150μmの篩を通過しない粒度の鉄粉のマイクロビッカース硬度の上限値が110以下であり、かつ前記鉄粉の不純物含有量が質量%で、C≦0.005%、Si≦0.01%、Mn≦0.05%、P≦0.01%、S≦0.01%、O≦0.10%及びN≦0.003%である高圧縮性鉄粉2に関する技術も併せて開示されている。
特開2007-92162号公報 WO 2008-093430号 特開平6-2007号公報 特許第4078512号公報
 しかしながら、特許文献1及び特許文献2に記載された技術は、高密度な成形体を得られるものの、鉄損に関する言及が無く、低鉄損化に関する検討が不十分なものである。
 また、特許文献3には、特許文献1及び2と同様に、主に高密度化等に関する検討が記載され、低鉄損化に関する記載はやはり不十分である。
 さらに、特許文献4の高圧縮性鉄粉1及び2は、特許文献1~特許文献3に記載された技術のように、いずれも高磁束密度化に特化しており、低鉄損化に関する配慮がなされていない。
 本発明は、上記した現状に鑑み開発されたもので、圧縮性に優れ、かつ成形後の鉄損が低い圧粉磁芯用鉄粉を提供することを目的とする。
 発明者らは、成形後に高密度かつ低鉄損となるような圧粉磁芯用鉄粉について、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、水アトマイズ法で得られる純鉄粉において、
(1) Siが、溶鋼中にある程度以上含まれてしまうと、鉄粉の圧縮性が劣化して鉄損が増加すること、
(2) 見掛密度が低いと鉄損が増加すること、
(3) 鉄粉の粒度分布には適正な範囲があって、粗粉が多すぎても微粉が多すぎても鉄損が増加すること、及び
(4) 鉄粉断面の硬度が高いと圧縮性が低下すること
を見出した。
 本発明は、上記知見を基に得られたものである。
 すなわち、本発明の要旨構成は次のとおりである。
1.水アトマイズ法によって得られる純鉄粉からなる圧粉磁芯用鉄粉であって、
上記純鉄粉が、Siの含有量:0.01mass%以下、
見掛密度:3.8g/cm3以上、
鉄粉粒径:45μm以下の割合が10mass%以下、
鉄粉粒径:180μm超250μm以下の割合が30mass%未満、
鉄粉粒径250μm超の割合が10mass%以下であって、
粉末断面のビッカース硬さ(試験力:0.245N)が80Hv以下
である圧粉磁芯用鉄粉。
 本発明によれば、鉄損が低く、かつ高密度な圧粉磁芯が得られる圧粉磁芯用鉄粉を得ることができる。
 以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
 まず、本発明の数値の限定理由について述べる。
〔Si量〕
 Siが溶鋼中に含まれると、水アトマイズ法で得られる純鉄粉(以下、単に、粉末または鉄粉とも言う)は、水アトマイズ時に酸化して、その粒内に酸化物系介在物を生成するため、ヒステリシス損が増加してしまう。また、水アトマイズ時に生成した微細なSi酸化物及びアトマイズ時に酸化せずに固溶したSiが粉末を硬化させるために、圧縮性が低下する。以上のことから、Siは可能な限り低減することが必須であって、本発明では、0.01mass%以下とする。0mass%であっても良い。
〔見掛密度〕
 鉄粉は、プレス成形により塑性変形して高密度の成形体となる。この成形時の塑性変形量が小さいほど、歪取焼鈍後の結晶粒が粗大になるが、後述するように、粒径:45μm以下の微細な鉄粉は、ヒステリシス損を大きく増加させるため、可能な限り低減する必要が有る。
 ここで、成形時の粉末の塑性変形量を低減するためには、金型への粉末の充填率を上げる必要が有るが、本発明では、粉末の見掛密度で3.8g/cm3以上が必須であって、4.0g/cm3以上とするのが好ましい。見掛密度が3.8g/cm3を下回ると、成形時、粉末に多量の歪が導入されて、歪取焼鈍後の結晶粒が微細化するからである。なお、上記見掛密度とは、粉末の充填率の程度を示す指標であり、JIS Z 2504に規定される試験方法によって測定することができる。
〔微粉及び粗粉の量〕
 本発明に従う鉄粉は、粒径:45μm超で粒径:180μm以下が主体(50mass%以上であって100mass%でも良い)となるが、粒径:45μm以下の微細な鉄粉はヒステリシス損を大きく増加させるため、可能な限り低減する必要が有り、10mass%以下が必須であって、好ましくは5mass%以下である。0mass%であっても良い。なお、45μm以下の鉄粉の割合については、JIS Z 8801-1に規定される篩を用いて篩い分けすることにより求めることができる。
 また、粒径:180μm超の粗大な鉄粉は圧縮性が高いため、一定の割合で含有させる必要があるが、過度に含有すると、渦電流損の増加を招く。そのため、粒径:180μm超250μm以下の鉄粉は30mass%未満とし、250μm超の鉄粉は10mass%以下とする必要がある。
 なお、粒径:180μm超250μm以下の鉄粉は25mass%以下とし、250μm超の鉄粉は5mass%以下とするのが好ましい。また、それぞれ0mass%であっても良い。
〔ビッカース硬さ〕
 粉末が硬いと、成形体の密度を高めるのに、より大きな成形圧が必要となる。そのため、粉末は可能な限り軟化させる必要があり、ビッカース硬さ試験において試験力0.245Nでの硬さ(Hv)は80以下とすることが必須である。好ましくは、Hvで75以下である。なお、ビッカース硬さについては以下記載の方法で測定することができる。
 まず、被測定物である鉄粉を、熱可塑性樹脂粉に混合して混合粉としたのち、この混合粉を適当な型に装入し、加熱して樹脂を溶融させたのち、冷却固化させ、鉄粉含有樹脂固形物とする。ついで、この鉄粉含有樹脂固形物を適当な断面で切断した面を研磨し、さらに腐蝕によってこの研磨の加工層を除去したのち、マイクロビッカース硬度計(試験力:0.245N(25gf))を用いて鉄粉の硬度を測定する。その測定は、各粒子につき1点とし、少なくとも10個の粉末の硬さを測定して、その平均値を用いることが好ましい。また、測定を行なう粉末は、圧痕が収まる大きさである必要が有るので、粉末粒径:100μm以上のものが好ましい。なお、上記した要領以外は、JIS Z 2244に準拠して測定する。
 次に、本発明品の代表的な製造方法を記す。無論、後述する方法以外によって本発明品を得ても構わない。
 本発明における圧粉磁芯用鉄粉は、水アトマイズ法によって得られ、溶鋼は、Si、C、O、S及びN以外は通常の純鉄粉組成とし、Siについては、Si≦0.01mass%としたものとする。また、Cについては、脱酸の為に、純鉄粉の組成以上に添加しても構わないが、後工程で脱炭し最終的には0.01mass%以下まで低減することが好ましい。さらに、O、S及びNについては、後工程で水素雰囲気での焼鈍を実施することで除去することができるため、純鉄粉の組成に比べて多少多めに混入していても構わないが、多すぎると還元焼鈍の負荷が増えるため可能な限り純鉄粉の組成に近づけておくことが好ましい。
 ここで、上記純鉄粉の組成とは、JFEスチール株式会社が市販している粉末冶金用純鉄粉である300Aと同等の組成である。
 次いで、この粉末に対して還元焼鈍を施す。還元焼鈍は、水素を含む還元性雰囲気で実施するのが好ましく、800℃以上1100℃未満の温度で、1h以上5h以下実施するのが好ましい。アトマイズ後の鉄粉が多量のCを含む場合は、水素中に水蒸気を含ませて実施する。水蒸気量は特に限定する必要はなく、鉄粉のC量に応じて適宜変更可能であるが、露点で30~60℃程度となるように、水蒸気を添加するのが一般的である。
 還元焼鈍後の鉄粉は一部凝集しているので、解砕工程を経ることによって凝集を解き、45μm以下の粒子が10mass%以下となるように篩い分けする。また、粗粉についても、適宜篩い分けによって除去することができる。なお、篩い分けについては、JIS Z 8801-1に規定される篩を用いて篩い分けする方法がある。
 ここで、篩い分け後の鉄粉の見掛密度が3.8g/cm3未満の場合は、別途、粒度調整や球状化処理(特公昭64-21001号公報など)によって、見掛密度を3.8g/cm3以上とすれば良い。なお、球状化処理を実施した場合は、加工時の歪を除去するために700℃~850℃の温度で1~5h程度の水素雰囲気中での歪取焼鈍を実施することが好ましい。
 上記の様にして得られた鉄粉を圧粉磁芯とするには、鉄粉表面に絶縁被覆を施すのが好ましい。この絶縁被覆は、粒子間の絶縁性を保てるものであれば何でも良いが、その様な絶縁被覆としては、シリコーン樹脂、リン酸金属塩やホウ酸金属塩をベースとしたガラス質の絶縁性アモルファス層や、MgO、フォルステライト、タルク及びAl2O3などの金属酸化物、或いはSiO2をベースとした結晶質の絶縁層などが挙げられる。
 前記絶縁被覆を施された鉄粉は、金型に装入され、所望の寸法形状(圧粉磁芯形状)に加圧成形され、圧粉磁芯となる。ここで、加圧成形方法は、常温成形法や、金型潤滑成形法など、通常の成形方法がいずれも適用可能である。なお、成形圧力や、金型温度は用途に応じて適宜決定すればよい。また、成形圧力を増加すれば、圧粉密度が高くなるため、好ましい成形圧力は981MPa(10t/cm2)以上、より好ましくは1471MPa(15t/cm2)以上である。一方、成形圧力の上限に特に制限はないが、設備上の制約から1960MPa(20t/cm2)程度である。
 金型温度を高くした場合であっても圧粉体密度が高くなる。そのため、好ましい金型温度は80℃以上、より好ましくは100℃以上である。一方、金型温度の上限に特に制限はないが、設備上の制約から300℃程度である。
 無論、用途に応じて前記成形条件を適宜変更しても構わない。また、加圧成形に際しては、必要に応じて、潤滑材を金型壁面に塗布するか、あるいは粉末に添加する方法を採ることができる。
 これにより、加圧成形時に、金型と粉末との間の摩擦を低減することができ、成形体密度の低下を抑制するとともに、金型から抜出す際の摩擦も低減することができ、取出時の成形体(圧粉磁芯)の割れを防止することができる。なお、好ましい潤滑材としては、ステアリン酸リチウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸カルシウムなどの金属石鹸、脂肪酸アミド等のワックスが挙げられる。
 圧粉磁芯は、加圧成形後に、歪取りによるヒステリシス損の低減や成形体強度の増加を目的とした熱処理を行なう。熱処理時間は5~120分の範囲とすることが好ましい。なお、加熱雰囲気としては、大気中、不活性雰囲気中、還元雰囲気中あるいは真空中が考えられるが、いずれを採用してもなんら問題はない。また、雰囲気露点は、用途に応じて適宜決定すればよい。更に、熱処理中の昇温、あるいは降温時に一定の温度で保持する段階を設けても良い。
 本実施例では、表1に示す特性を有する水アトマイズ法によって得られた11種類の純鉄粉を用いた。Si以外の成分に関しては、全ての試料で、C≦0.01mass%、N≦0.005mass%、O≦0.1mass%、Al≦0.01mass%、P≦0.01mass%、S≦0.01mass%、Mn≦0.1mass%、Cr≦0.1mass%の範囲を満足していた。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 表1に示した粉末に対して、それぞれシリコーン樹脂による絶縁被覆を施した。シリコーン樹脂はトルエンに溶解させて、樹脂分が0.9mass%となるような樹脂希釈溶液を作製した後、粉末に対する樹脂添加率が0.1mass%となるように粉末と樹脂希釈溶液を混合して、大気中で乾燥させた。乾燥後、大気中で200℃、120minの樹脂焼付け処理を行うことによってシリコーン樹脂被覆鉄粉を得た。
 これらの粉末を、成形圧:1471MPa(15t/cm2)、金型潤滑で成形し、外形:38mm、内径:25mm、高さ:6mmのリング状試験片を作製した。作製した試験片は、窒素中で600℃、45minの熱処理を行った後、巻き線を行い(1次巻100ターン、二次巻40ターン)、直流磁化装置による磁束密度測定(H=10000A/m、メトロン技研製 直流磁化測定装置)と鉄損測定装置による鉄損測定(1.0T、1kHz、メトロン技研製 高周波鉄損測定装置)を行なった。
 表2に、成形体の密度と磁気特性の測定結果を、成形体密度と共に示す。本実施例では、磁束密度の合格基準をB100≧1.70T、鉄損の合格基準をW10/1K≦80W/kgとした。
 また、表2に結晶粒の測定結果を併記する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 同表より、本発明に従う発明例(試料番号:1及び2)は、成形体密度が高いだけでなく、磁束密度(B100)及び鉄損(W10/1K)のいずれもが合格基準を満たしており、優れた磁気特性を有していることが分かる。
 これに対し、発明例に比べてSi量が多い試料番号:3~6は、磁束密度、鉄損共に合格基準に到達していなかった。また、試料番号:3~6の結果から、Si量の増加に伴って、磁束密度が低下して鉄損が増加する傾向にあることが分かる。これは、Si量の増加に伴って粉末が硬化することと、水アトマイズ時に生成する微細な酸化物が増加したことに起因するものと考えられる。
 また、発明例に比べて45μm以下の鉄粉を多く含む試料番号:7、粉末の硬度が高い試料番号:8についても、磁束密度及び鉄損共に合格基準に到達していなかった。
 試料番号:7については、微細な粉末の増加が、圧縮性の低下とヒステリシス損の増加による総鉄損の増加を招いたと推察される。一方、試料番号:8については、粉末内の結晶粒が微細、もしくは歪が蓄積していた為に粉末の硬度が高くなっていると考えられ、それにより圧縮性が低下し、ヒステリシス損の増加による総鉄損の増加を招いたものと考えられる。
 試料番号:9,10及び11については、磁束密度が合格基準を満たすものの、鉄損が合格基準に到達していなかった。
 試料番号:9は、見掛密度の低下によって成形時に多くの歪が蓄積されることで、ヒステリシス損が増加し、結果的に鉄損が増加したものと考えられる。他方、試料番号:10及び11は、粗粉を多く含むために圧縮性が高く、成形体密度と磁束密度は発明例を上回る値を示すものの、粗粉が渦電流損を増加させたために、鉄損は合格基準を満たさなかったものと考えられる。

Claims (1)

  1.  水アトマイズ法によって得られる純鉄粉からなる圧粉磁芯用鉄粉であって、
    上記純鉄粉が、Siの含有量:0.01mass%以下、
    見掛密度:3.8g/cm3以上、
    鉄粉粒径:45μm以下の割合が10mass%以下、
    鉄粉粒径:180μm超250μm以下の割合が30mass%未満、
    鉄粉粒径:250μm超の割合が10mass%以下であって、
    粉末断面のビッカース硬さ(試験力:0.245N)が80Hv以下
    である圧粉磁芯用鉄粉。
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