WO2014073058A1 - 電源装置 - Google Patents
電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014073058A1 WO2014073058A1 PCT/JP2012/078876 JP2012078876W WO2014073058A1 WO 2014073058 A1 WO2014073058 A1 WO 2014073058A1 JP 2012078876 W JP2012078876 W JP 2012078876W WO 2014073058 A1 WO2014073058 A1 WO 2014073058A1
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- voltage
- capacitor
- power supply
- converter
- electric motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/16—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/08—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor
- H02P3/14—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor by regenerative braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P4/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric motors that can be connected to two or more different electric power supplies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply device that supplies power to a load.
- JP 2006-345606A discloses a vehicle power supply system in which a battery and a capacitor are connected in parallel. In this power supply system, an inverter of an electric motor is driven by electric energy supplied from a capacitor and a battery.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to effectively use the electric energy of a capacitor.
- a power supply apparatus that supplies power to a load by combining a secondary battery and a capacitor, and the connection state is established when the voltage of the capacitor is a voltage that can drive the load.
- a bypass switch capable of supplying power directly from the capacitor to the load, and when the voltage of the capacitor falls below a minimum voltage capable of driving the load, the voltage of the capacitor is boosted to increase the load.
- a first DC-DC converter that can be supplied to the power supply device.
- FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram of a power supply device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the power supply device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing power supply control from the power supply device to the load.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the power supply device.
- FIG. 5 is an electric circuit diagram of the power supply device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an electric circuit diagram of the power supply device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the power supply device 100 supplies power to the load by combining the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2.
- This load is an inverter 50 that is supplied with power from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 and drives the motor 5.
- the power supply apparatus 100 is applied to HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle: hybrid vehicle), EV (Electric Vehicle: electric vehicle), and the like.
- the inverter 50 supplied with power from the power supply apparatus 100 and the electric motor 5 driven by the inverter 50 will be described.
- the electric motor 5 is a drive motor mounted on the HEV or EV.
- the electric motor 5 is a three-phase induction motor generator driven by generating a rotating magnetic field with a three-phase alternating current.
- the electric motor 5 includes a stator having a plurality of coils (not shown in the drawing) on the inner periphery, each of which constitutes a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase, and a rotor that has a permanent magnet and rotates on the inner periphery of the stator.
- the stator is fixed to the vehicle body (not shown), and the rotating shaft of the rotor is connected to the wheel axle (not shown).
- the electric motor 5 can convert electric energy into rotation of the wheel, and can convert rotation of the wheel into electric energy.
- the inverter 50 is a current converter that generates AC power from DC power supplied from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2.
- the inverter 50 has a rated voltage of 600V and a minimum driveable voltage of 350V. This minimum voltage corresponds to the minimum voltage that can drive the load.
- the inverter 50 converts the DC power supplied from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 into a three-layer AC consisting of a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase, which are shifted in phase by 120 degrees, and supplies them to the motor 5. To do.
- the inverter 50 has a positive power line 51a, a negative power line 51b, a U-phase power line 51u, a V-phase power line 51v, and a W-phase power line 51w.
- Positive power line 51 a is connected to the positive electrode of secondary battery 1 and capacitor 2.
- the negative power line 51 b is connected to the negative electrode of the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2.
- a U-phase power line 51u, a V-phase power line 51v, and a W-phase power line 51w are provided between the positive power line 51a and the negative power line 51b.
- a smoothing capacitor 55 that smoothes the DC power transferred between the secondary battery 1, the capacitor 2, and the inverter 50 is connected in parallel.
- the inverter 50 has IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) 53u, 54u, 53v, 54v, 53w, and 54w as six switching elements. These IGBTs 53u to 54w are diode-equipped IGBTs having rectifier diodes connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
- IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
- IGBT 53u and IGBT 54u are provided in series with U-phase power line 51u.
- the U-phase power line 51u is connected between the IGBT 53u and the IGBT 54u to a coil constituting the U-phase of the electric motor 5.
- IGBT 53v and IGBT 54v are provided in series with V-phase power line 51v.
- V-phase power line 51v is connected between the IGBT 53v and IGBT 54v to a coil constituting the V-phase of electric motor 5.
- IGBT 53w and IGBT 54w are provided in series with W-phase power line 51w.
- W-phase power line 51 w is connected between the IGBT 53 w and IGBT 54 w to a coil constituting the W-phase of electric motor 5.
- the IGBTs 53u, 54u, 53v, 54v, 53w, and 54w are controlled by a motor controller (not shown), thereby generating an alternating current and driving the electric motor 5.
- the power supply apparatus 100 includes a secondary battery power supply unit 11 including the secondary battery 1, a capacitor power supply unit 21 including the capacitor 2, and a controller that controls supply of power from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50. 30 (see FIG. 2).
- the secondary battery power supply unit 11 and the capacitor power supply unit 21 are connected in parallel. That is, the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 are connected in parallel.
- the secondary battery 1 is a chemical battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery or a nickel hydride secondary battery. Here, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 is set to 300V.
- the secondary battery 1 is provided with a secondary battery SOC detector 1a (see FIG. 2) that detects an SOC (State of Charge) and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller 30.
- SOC State of Charge
- the capacitor 2 is an electric double layer capacitor that is connected in series and set to a desired voltage, and is connected in parallel and set to a desired storage capacity.
- the voltage of the capacitor 2 is set to 600V.
- the capacitor 2 is provided with a capacitor voltage detector 2a (see FIG. 2) that detects a voltage and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller 30.
- the capacitor power supply unit 21 When the voltage of the capacitor 2 is a voltage that can drive the electric motor 5, the capacitor power supply unit 21 has a bypass switch 22 that can be switched to a connected state, and the voltage of the capacitor 2 is lower than the minimum voltage that can drive the inverter 50.
- a DC-DC converter 25 (first DC-DC converter) that can boost the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supply it to the inverter 50 is provided.
- the bypass switch 22 is controlled to open and close by the controller 30.
- the bypass switch 22 enables power to be directly supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50 when switched to the connected state.
- the bypass switch 22 is switched to the cut-off state, power cannot be directly supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50. In this case, power is supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50 through the DC-DC converter 25.
- bypass switch 22 enables the capacitor 2 to be directly charged with the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 without passing through the DC-DC converter 25 when switched to the connected state. Thereby, the energy loss at the time of charge of the capacitor 2 can be reduced.
- the DC-DC converter 25 can boost the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supply the boosted voltage to the electric motor 5 and can charge the capacitor 2 by lowering the electric power generated by the electric motor 5.
- the DC-DC converter 25 is provided between a reactor 26 provided downstream of the capacitor 2, a step-down control transistor 27 provided between the reactor 26 and the upstream of the electric motor 5, and between the reactor 26 and the downstream of the electric motor 5.
- a boost control transistor 28 and a smoothing capacitor 29 connected in parallel with the capacitor 2 are provided.
- Reactor 26 stores energy when boost control transistor 28 is on.
- the boost control transistor 28 is turned off, the voltage input from the capacitor 2 and the induced electromotive force due to the energy accumulated in the reactor 26 are output.
- the reactor 26 can boost the input voltage by switching by the boost control transistor 28 and output the boosted voltage.
- the boost control transistor 28 is switched by the controller 30.
- the step-up control transistor 28 is an IGBT with a diode having a rectifier diode connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
- the step-up control transistor 28 can switch the current of the reactor 26 and step up the supply voltage supplied to the electric motor 5 by induced electromotive force.
- the boost control transistor 28 When the boost control transistor 28 is switched on, the current from the positive electrode of the capacitor 2 flows through the reactor 26 and the boost control transistor 28 to the negative electrode of the capacitor 2. Energy is stored in the reactor 26 by this current loop.
- the step-down control transistor 27 is switched by the controller 30.
- the step-down control transistor 27 is a diode-equipped IGBT having a rectifier diode connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
- the step-down control transistor 27 is capable of stepping down the charging voltage from the electric motor 5 by switching.
- the step-down control transistor 27 steps down the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 by chopper control and charges the capacitor 2.
- the smoothing capacitor 29 smoothes the voltage output by the step-down control transistor 27 by performing chopper control. Thereby, the voltage at the time of charging the capacitor 2 with the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 can be smoothed and stabilized.
- the secondary battery power supply unit 11 boosts the voltage of the secondary battery 1 and supplies it to the electric motor 5 when the inverter 50 cannot be driven by the power supply from the capacitor 2 (second secondary battery 11). DC-DC converter).
- the DC-DC converter 15 can boost the voltage of the secondary battery 1 and supply it to the electric motor 5, and can step down the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 and charge the secondary battery 1. It is.
- the DC-DC converter 15 is provided with a reactor 16 provided downstream of the secondary battery 1, and a step-down control transistor 17 provided between the reactor 16 and the upstream of the electric motor 5 and capable of stepping down a charging voltage from the electric motor 5 by switching. And a boost control transistor 18 provided between the reactor 16 and the downstream of the electric motor 5 and capable of switching the current of the reactor 16 and boosting the supply voltage supplied to the electric motor 5 by induced electromotive force. Since these configurations are the same as those of the DC-DC converter 25, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the controller 30 controls the power supply device 100.
- the controller 30 is a microcomputer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an I / O interface (input / output interface).
- the RAM stores data in the processing of the CPU.
- the ROM stores a CPU control program and the like in advance.
- the I / O interface is used for input / output of information with a connected device. Control of the power supply apparatus 100 is realized by operating a CPU, a RAM, and the like according to a program stored in the ROM.
- the controller 30 repeatedly executes the routine shown in FIG. 3 at regular time intervals, for example, every 10 milliseconds.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the driving force of the electric motor 5, the output voltage of the capacitor 2, the output voltage of the secondary battery 1, and the input voltage of the inverter 50 in order from the top.
- step 101 the controller 30 reads the voltage of the capacitor 2 detected by the capacitor voltage detector 2a.
- step 102 the controller 30 determines whether or not the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the first set voltage. If it is determined in step 102 that the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the first set voltage, the process proceeds to step 103 and returns. On the other hand, if it is determined in step 102 that the voltage of the capacitor is lower than the first set voltage, the process proceeds to step 104.
- the first set voltage is set to a value that is higher than the minimum voltage that can drive the inverter 50 by a margin voltage.
- the minimum voltage capable of driving the inverter 50 is 350V
- the first set voltage is set to a value slightly higher than 350V.
- step 103 the controller 30 sets the bypass switch 22 in the connected state. As a result, power is directly supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50, and the electric motor 5 is driven.
- This state corresponds to the time between t 1 from t 0 in FIG. Specifically, EV running by the electric motor 5 is started from t 0, and the voltage of the capacitor 2 drops in proportion to the consumed electric energy. This EV running is continued until the voltage of the capacitor 2 approaches the lowest voltage that can drive the inverter 50 and falls below the first set voltage described above.
- step 104 the controller 30 puts the bypass switch 22 into a shut-off state. As a result, power is not directly supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50. At this time, electric energy remains in the capacitor 2. Assuming that the decrease in electrical energy is proportional to the voltage drop, approximately 34% of the electrical energy remains in the capacitor 2 that has been stepped down from 600 V to 350 V, assuming that the full charge is 100%. .
- the power supply device 100 uses the electrical energy remaining in the capacitor 2 as follows.
- step 105 the controller 30 determines whether or not the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the second set voltage. If it is determined in step 105 that the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the second set voltage, the process proceeds to step 106 and returns. On the other hand, when it is determined in step 105 that the voltage of the capacitor is lower than the second set voltage, the process proceeds to step 107 and returns.
- This second set voltage is set to a value higher than the minimum operating voltage, which is the lowest voltage at which the capacitor 2 can operate, by a margin voltage.
- the second set voltage is set to a lower value than the first set voltage described above.
- step 106 the controller 30 supplies the inverter 50 with the power from the capacitor 2 boosted by the DC-DC converter 25.
- the DC-DC converter 25 boosts the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supplies it to the inverter 50.
- This state corresponds to the time between t 1 in FIG. 4 of t 2. Specifically, since the voltage of the capacitor 2 is supplied to the inverter 50 is boosted by the DC-DC converter 25, and the EV travel started from t 0 is continued until t 2 even after the t 1 Become. Also at this time, the actual voltage of the capacitor 2 drops in proportion to the amount of electric energy consumed, as shown by the one-dot chain line. This EV running is continued until the actual voltage of the capacitor 2 approaches the minimum operating voltage and falls below the second set voltage described above.
- the inverter 50 can be driven using the electric energy remaining in the capacitor 2. Therefore, the electrical energy of the capacitor 2 can be used effectively.
- the capacitor 2 can be reduced in size and weight.
- the distance that can be traveled by EV becomes longer compared to the conventional case, so that the fuel consumption by the engine can be reduced.
- step 107 the controller 30 supplies the inverter 50 with power from the secondary battery 1 boosted by the DC-DC converter 15.
- the secondary battery 1 is used to drive the inverter 50. Specifically, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 is increased from 300 V to the first set voltage described above, and the inverter 50 is driven.
- This state corresponds to the time between t 3 from t 2 in FIG. Specifically, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 to be supplied to the inverter 50 is boosted by the DC-DC converter 15, EV traveling initiated from t 0 is continued until t 3 past t 2 It will be.
- the DC-DC converter 25 can boost the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supply it to the inverter 50. Therefore, even if the voltage of the capacitor 2 falls below the lowest voltage that can drive the inverter 50, the inverter 50 can be driven using the electrical energy remaining in the capacitor 2. Therefore, the electrical energy of the capacitor 2 can be used effectively.
- the capacitor 2 can be reduced in size and weight.
- the distance that can be traveled by EV becomes longer compared to the conventional case, so that the fuel consumption by the engine can be reduced.
- the controller 30 puts the bypass switch 22 into a connected state. Thereby, the capacitor 2 can be charged with the induced voltage of the electric motor 5.
- the controller 30 When the voltage of the capacitor 2 becomes equal to or higher than the minimum voltage capable of driving the inverter 50, the controller 30 operates the DC-DC converter 25 to step down the electric energy generated by the electric motor 5 and charge the capacitor 2. As a result, the voltage and current suitable for charging the capacitor 2 can be adjusted, so that the capacitor 2 can be charged efficiently.
- the controller 30 When the capacitor 2 is fully charged, the controller 30 operates the DC-DC converter 15 to step down the electric energy generated by the electric motor 5 and charge the secondary battery 1. Also in this case, since the voltage and current suitable for charging the secondary battery 1 can be adjusted, the secondary battery 1 can be charged efficiently.
- the power supply device 200 supplies the power to the inverter 50 that drives the electric motor 5 by combining the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2.
- the power supply apparatus 200 includes a secondary battery power supply unit 211 having the secondary battery 1, a capacitor power supply unit 221 having the capacitor 2, and a controller that controls supply of power from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50. 30 (see FIG. 2).
- the capacitor power supply unit 221 When the voltage of the capacitor 2 is a voltage that can drive the electric motor 5, the capacitor power supply unit 221 has a bypass switch 22 that can be switched to a connected state, and the voltage of the capacitor 2 is lower than the minimum voltage that can drive the inverter 50.
- a DC-DC converter 225 (first DC-DC converter) that can boost the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supply it to the inverter 50 is provided.
- the DC-DC converter 225 can boost the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supply the boosted voltage to the electric motor 5, and can step down the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 and charge the capacitor 2.
- the DC-DC converter 225 includes a reactor 26 (first reactor) provided downstream of the capacitor 2, a step-down control transistor 27 provided between the reactor 26 and the upstream of the electric motor 5, and downstream of the reactor 26 and the electric motor 5. And a smoothing capacitor 29 connected in parallel with the capacitor 2.
- the DC-DC converter 215 can boost the voltage of the secondary battery 1 and supply it to the electric motor 5 and can also charge the secondary battery 1 by reducing the electric power generated by the electric motor 5. It is.
- the DC-DC converter 215 is provided between the reactor 16 (second reactor) provided downstream of the secondary battery 1 and between the reactor 16 and the upstream of the electric motor 5, and steps down the charging voltage from the electric motor 5 by switching.
- the DC-DC converter 215 includes the reactor 16 provided downstream of the secondary battery 1, and shares the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28 with the DC-DC converter 225.
- the DC-DC converter 215 includes a changeover switch 213, and the DC-DC converter 225 includes a changeover switch 223.
- the changeover switch 213 is provided on a wiring connecting the downstream of the reactor 16 and the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28.
- the changeover switch 223 is provided on a wiring connecting the downstream of the reactor 26 and the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28.
- the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28 constitute a DC-DC converter 215.
- the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28 constitute a DC-DC converter 225.
- the DC-DC converter 225 boosts the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supplies it to the inverter 50. Therefore, even if the voltage of the capacitor 2 falls below the lowest voltage that can drive the inverter 50, the inverter 50 can be driven using the electrical energy remaining in the capacitor 2. Therefore, the electrical energy of the capacitor 2 can be used effectively.
- the DC-DC converter 215 and the DC-DC converter 225 share the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28, so that the number of parts can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.
- the power supply device 300 combines the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 to supply power to the inverter 50 that drives the electric motor 5.
- the power supply apparatus 300 includes a secondary battery power supply unit 311 having the secondary battery 1, a capacitor power supply unit 321 having the capacitor 2, and a controller that controls supply of power from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50. 30 (see FIG. 2).
- the capacitor power supply unit 321 When the voltage of the capacitor 2 is a voltage that can drive the electric motor 5, the capacitor power supply unit 321 has a bypass switch 22 that can be switched to a connected state, and the voltage of the capacitor 2 is lower than the minimum voltage that can drive the inverter 50.
- a DC-DC converter 325 (first DC-DC converter) that boosts the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supplies it to the inverter 50 is provided.
- the DC-DC converter 325 can boost the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supply the boosted voltage to the electric motor 5, and can step down the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 and charge the capacitor 2.
- the DC-DC converter 325 is provided between a reactor 26 provided downstream of the capacitor 2, a step-down control transistor 27 provided between the reactor 26 and the upstream of the electric motor 5, and between the reactor 26 and the downstream of the electric motor 5.
- a boost control transistor 28 and a smoothing capacitor 29 connected in parallel with the capacitor 2 are provided.
- the DC-DC converter 315 can boost the voltage of the secondary battery 1 and supply it to the electric motor 5 and can charge the secondary battery 1 by reducing the electric power generated by the electric motor 5. It is.
- the DC-DC converter 315 is provided between the reactor 26 provided downstream of the secondary battery 1 and the step-down control transistor 27 provided between the reactor 26 and the upstream of the electric motor 5 and capable of stepping down the charging voltage from the electric motor 5 by switching.
- a boost control transistor 28 that is provided between the reactor 26 and the downstream of the electric motor 5 and that can switch the current of the reactor 26 and boost the supply voltage supplied to the electric motor 5 by induced electromotive force.
- the DC-DC converter 315 shares the reactor 26, the step-down control transistor 27, and the step-up control transistor 28 with the DC-DC converter 325.
- the DC-DC converter 315 includes a changeover switch 313, and the DC-DC converter 325 includes a changeover switch 323.
- the changeover switch 313 is provided on a wiring connecting the upstream of the reactor 26 and between the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28.
- the changeover switch 323 is provided in a wiring that connects the upstream of the reactor 26 and between the step-down control transistor 27 and the step-up control transistor 28.
- the reactor 26, the step-down control transistor 27, and the step-up control transistor 28 constitute a DC-DC converter 315.
- the reactor 26, the step-down control transistor 27, and the step-up control transistor 28 constitute a DC-DC converter 325.
- the DC-DC converter 225 boosts the voltage of the capacitor 2 and supplies it to the inverter 50. Therefore, even if the voltage of the capacitor 2 falls below the lowest voltage that can drive the inverter 50, the inverter 50 can be driven using the electrical energy remaining in the capacitor 2. Therefore, the electrical energy of the capacitor 2 can be used effectively.
- the DC-DC converter 315 and the DC-DC converter 325 share the reactor 26, the step-down control transistor 27, and the step-up control transistor 28, thereby reducing the number of parts and further reducing the cost. .
- the numerical values such as the voltage in the above-described embodiment are examples, and are not limited to these numerical values.
- the power supply devices 100, 200, and 300 are controlled by the controller 30, and the inverter 50 is controlled by a motor controller (not shown).
- the power supply devices 100, 200, 300 and the inverter 50 may be controlled by a single controller.
- Each of the IGBTs described above is an IGBT with a diode having a rectifier diode connected in parallel in the reverse direction. Instead of this, an IGBT without a built-in diode and a rectifier diode connected in parallel to the IGBT in the reverse direction may be provided separately.
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Abstract
Description
以下、図1から図4を参照して、本発明の第一の実施の形態による電源装置100について説明する。
以下、図5を参照して、本発明の第二の実施の形態による電源装置200について説明する。なお、以下に示す各実施の形態では、前述した実施の形態と同様の構成には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は適宜省略する。
以下、図6を参照して、本発明の第三の実施の形態による電源装置300について説明する。
Claims (10)
- 二次電池とキャパシタとを組み合わせて負荷に電源を供給する電源装置であって、
前記キャパシタの電圧が前記負荷を駆動可能な電圧である場合に、接続状態に切り換えらえて、前記キャパシタから前記負荷に電源を直接供給可能とするバイパススイッチと、
前記キャパシタの電圧が前記負荷を駆動可能な最低電圧を下回った場合に、前記キャパシタの電圧を昇圧して前記負荷に供給可能とする第一のDC-DCコンバータと、を備える電源装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電源装置において、
前記キャパシタからの電源によって前記負荷を駆動できなくなった場合に、前記二次電池の電圧を昇圧して前記負荷に供給可能とする第二のDC-DCコンバータを更に備える電源装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電源装置において、
前記バイパススイッチは、前記キャパシタの電圧が前記負荷を駆動可能な最低電圧と比較して余裕電圧分だけ高い電圧よりも低くなった場合に遮断状態に切り換えられ、
前記第一のDC-DCコンバータは、前記バイパススイッチが遮断状態に切り換えられた場合に、前記キャパシタの電圧を昇圧して前記負荷に供給する電源装置。 - 請求項3に記載の電源装置において、
前記キャパシタの電圧が当該キャパシタの最低作動電圧と比較して余裕電圧分だけ高い電圧よりも低くなった場合には、前記第一のDC-DCコンバータから前記負荷への電源の供給が停止され、前記第二のDC-DCコンバータから前記負荷への電源の供給が開始される電源装置。 - 請求項2に記載の電源装置において、
前記負荷は、前記二次電池及び前記キャパシタから電源が供給されて電動機を駆動するインバータである電源装置。 - 請求項5に記載の電源装置において、
前記第一のDC-DCコンバータは、前記電動機によって発電された電力を降圧して前記キャパシタに充電可能であり、
前記第二のDC-DCコンバータは、前記電動機によって発電された電力を降圧して前記二次電池に充電可能である電源装置。 - 請求項5に記載の電源装置において、
前記バイパススイッチは、接続状態に切り換えられたときに、前記電動機によって発電された電力を、前記第一のDC-DCコンバータを経由しないで前記キャパシタに直接充電可能とする電源装置。 - 請求項5に記載の電源装置において、
前記第一のDC-DCコンバータ及び前記第二のDC-DCコンバータは、
前記二次電池又は前記キャパシタの下流に設けられるリアクトルと、
前記リアクトルと前記電動機の上流との間に設けられ、スイッチングによって前記電動機からの充電電圧を降圧可能な降圧制御トランジスタと、
前記リアクトルと前記電動機の下流との間に設けられ、前記リアクトルの電流をスイッチングして、前記電動機へ供給される供給電圧を誘導起電力によって昇圧可能な昇圧制御トランジスタと、を各々備える電源装置。 - 請求項5に記載の電源装置において、
前記第一のDC-DCコンバータは、
前記キャパシタの下流に設けられる第一のリアクトルと、
前記第一のリアクトルと前記電動機の上流との間に設けられ、スイッチングによって前記電動機からの充電電圧を降圧可能な降圧制御トランジスタと、
前記第一のリアクトルと前記電動機の下流との間に設けられ、前記第一のリアクトルの電流をスイッチングして、前記電動機へ供給される供給電圧を誘導起電力によって昇圧可能な昇圧制御トランジスタと、を備え、
前記第二のDC-DCコンバータは、前記二次電池の下流に設けられる第二のリアクトルを備え、前記降圧制御トランジスタと前記昇圧制御トランジスタとを前記第一のDC-DCコンバータと共用する電源装置。 - 請求項5に記載の電源装置において、
前記第一のDC-DCコンバータは、
前記キャパシタの下流に設けられるリアクトルと、
前記リアクトルと前記電動機の上流との間に設けられ、スイッチングによって前記電動機からの充電電圧を降圧可能な降圧制御トランジスタと、
前記リアクトルと前記電動機の下流との間に設けられ、前記リアクトルの電流をスイッチングして、前記電動機へ供給される供給電圧を誘導起電力によって昇圧可能な昇圧制御トランジスタと、を備え、
前記第二のDC-DCコンバータは、前記リアクトルと前記降圧制御トランジスタと前記昇圧制御トランジスタとを前記第一のDC-DCコンバータと共用する電源装置。
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US14/441,301 US9627999B2 (en) | 2012-11-07 | 2012-11-07 | Power supply device |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2919370B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
CN104769827B (zh) | 2017-11-21 |
EP2919370A4 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
CN104769827A (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
US9627999B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
EP2919370A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
JPWO2014073058A1 (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
US20150311831A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
JP5876939B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
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