WO2014061369A1 - センサネットワークシステム - Google Patents
センサネットワークシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014061369A1 WO2014061369A1 PCT/JP2013/074036 JP2013074036W WO2014061369A1 WO 2014061369 A1 WO2014061369 A1 WO 2014061369A1 JP 2013074036 W JP2013074036 W JP 2013074036W WO 2014061369 A1 WO2014061369 A1 WO 2014061369A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
- G08C15/06—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path successively, i.e. using time division
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0251—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/10—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a centralized architecture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/40—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
- H04Q2209/82—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
- H04Q2209/82—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data
- H04Q2209/823—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data where the data is sent when the measured values exceed a threshold, e.g. sending an alarm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
- H04Q2209/88—Providing power supply at the sub-station
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present invention makes it possible to monitor a detailed environmental change according to a difference in position in the monitoring target area, instead of monitoring the entire area in the monitoring target area integrally.
- the purpose is to realize a sensor network system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the entire configuration of the sensor network system of this embodiment.
- the plurality of sensor terminals 2 1 to 2 n are driven by a self-supporting power source and have exactly the same configuration. Therefore, in the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish each of the sensor terminals 2 1 to 2 n , they are referred to as sensor terminals 2 for convenience.
- a plurality of types of sensors with different detection targets can be connected to the sensor terminal 2 at the same time.
- the detection target of the sensor is an environmental element of the spatial environment of the monitoring area 1, for example, temperature, dust amount, air flow, illumination illuminance, power consumption, etc.
- Each sensor uses sensing data as a detection output of the detection target. , Output to the sensor terminal 2.
- the sensor terminal 2 captures sensing data from a sensor connected to the sensor terminal 2 at a predetermined timing, and wirelessly transmits the captured sensing data together with identification information (sensor ID) indicating the sensor type.
- the wireless communication between the sensor terminal 2 and the relay device 3 is asynchronous and is not accompanied by addition of an error detection code or the like. It does not have a function to receive the signal.
- the sensor terminal 2 has a simple configuration only having a function of asynchronously transmitting sensor terminal identification information (terminal ID), sensor identification signal (the above-described sensor ID), and sensing data.
- a device is further added so that the power consumption of the independent power supply in the sensor terminal 2 can be suppressed as much as possible.
- the sensor terminal 2 transmits to the relay device 3 without including information at the time of sensing data acquisition.
- the relay device 3 receives the transmission signal of the sensor terminal 2 as the acquisition time of the sensing data included in the transmission signal from the sensor terminal 2, and the information on the reception time together with the sensing data information, The data is transferred to the monitoring center device 5.
- the sensor interface 21 includes, for example, seven sensor connection terminals 211, 212,.
- Each of the seven connection terminals 211 to 217 can be connected to seven types of sensors 61, 62,..., 67 whose sensor types are predetermined for each connection terminal.
- the sensor 61 is an infrared array sensor (temperature sensor)
- the sensor 62 is a dust sensor
- the sensor 63 is a carbon dioxide concentration sensor
- the sensor 64 is a VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) concentration sensor
- the sensor 65 is a current / magnetic field.
- these sensors 61 to 67 are small ones configured by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology. There is no need to connect sensors to all of the sensor connection terminals 211 to 217, and only sensors of the sensor type corresponding to the environmental element to be monitored can be selected and connected.
- MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical System
- the control unit 20 captures the sensing data of each sensor at an appropriate timing determined according to the type of sensor, and intermittently captures the captured sensing data at a period determined according to the type of sensor. Control to send.
- the control unit 20 controls the start and stop of the external sensor and the capture of sensing data at a timing according to the sensor type, and the sensing data at an intermittent period according to the sensor type. Controls start and stop of wireless transmission and temporary recording and storage of sensing data.
- timing of intermittent wireless transmission of sensing data and the timing of capturing sensing data may be synchronized for each sensor, but in this embodiment, both timings are asynchronous and the repetition cycle is also respectively It can be set individually.
- the control unit 20 captures sensing data from each sensor at a periodic timing according to the type of the sensor, and enters a state of an event generation condition that is predetermined for each sensor type to be described later. Whether or not has been monitored. For example, when the control unit 20 reaches a state where the event occurrence condition “temperature has changed abruptly” is satisfied from the sensing data from the infrared array sensor 61, the infrared ray array is detected even if the time is not the intermittent transmission timing. The sensing data from the sensor 61 is immediately wirelessly transmitted, and the intermittent cycle of the subsequent intermittent wireless transmission is changed to a short cycle.
- the control unit 20 sends an instruction to capture the sensing data of the sensors connected to the sensor connection terminals 211 to 217 of the sensor interface 21 to the sensor signal processing unit 22, and The captured sensing data is received and temporarily stored in the memory 23. Then, using the sensing data stored in the memory 23, it is monitored whether or not a state that matches an event occurrence condition predetermined for each sensor type is obtained.
- control unit 20 manages the intermittent wireless transmission timing for each sensor type.
- the timing for starting the intermittent wireless transmission of a certain sensor is reached, the latest sensing data of the sensor is read from the memory 23 and the sensing is performed.
- the data is sent to the wireless transmission unit 24 together with an instruction to start intermittent wireless transmission.
- information on the sensor type to be transmitted is also sent from the control unit 20 to the wireless transmission unit 24.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the intermittent transmission cycle and start timing control for a certain type of sensor. That is, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), the intermittent period of wireless transmission in the normal state of the sensor of this example is Tn, and the controller 20 transmits the intermittent period to the wireless transmitter 24 for each intermittent period Tn. A transmission start instruction is sent.
- the intermittent period Tn is, for example, about several minutes to 10 minutes.
- the control unit 20 when detecting the occurrence of an event related to this sensor type, the control unit 20 sends a transmission start instruction to the wireless transmission unit 24 at the time of occurrence of the event, as shown in FIG. Then, in the example of FIG. 3, the control unit 20 changes the intermittent cycle to a cycle Te shorter than the cycle Tn in the normal state, and sends a transmission start instruction to the wireless transmission unit 24.
- the wireless transmission unit 24 transmits a transmission signal immediately after an event occurs. After the event occurs, every time the wireless transmission unit 24 receives a transmission start instruction from the control unit 20 with a short period Te, the intermittent transmission start timing control unit 241 refers to the random number value of the random number generator 242. Then, the delay times D4, D5, D6... Are determined and wireless transmission is executed. Similar timing control is performed for intermittent transmission of sensing data of other types of sensors, although there is a difference in the intermittent period.
- control unit 20 returns the timing of the transmission start instruction to the intermittent cycle Tn in the normal state when it becomes impossible to detect a state where the event occurrence condition is met.
- the monitoring center device 5 can monitor the situation after the occurrence of the event in more detail.
- the modulation unit 243 of this embodiment includes a spreading code determination unit 2431, a 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432, and a 920 MHz band FSK processing unit in order to realize a new modulation scheme that combines the multi-level FSK and CCK described above. 2433.
- the transmission data DA transmitted wirelessly from the sensor terminal 2 does not include synchronization data or parity data for error detection or error correction, and as shown in FIG. 4A, the terminal ID, sensor ID, and sensing It consists of only the necessary minimum data consisting of data.
- the ID assigning unit 244 stores the terminal ID of the own sensor terminal and also stores a plurality of sensor IDs corresponding to the sensor type. Then, based on the sensor type information sent together with the intermittent transmission start instruction from the control unit 20, the ID assigning unit 244 reads the sensor ID corresponding to the sensor type together with the terminal ID of the own sensor terminal, The data is sent to the modulation unit 243.
- the modulation unit 243 combines the sensing data transmitted from the control unit 20 with the terminal ID and sensor ID supplied from the ID allocation unit 244 to generate transmission data DA, and generates the transmission data DA. On the other hand, a modulation process is performed as described below.
- Modulation Processing in Modulation Unit 243 The modulation processing in the modulation unit 243 will be described with further reference to FIGS. 4B and 4C in addition to FIG.
- the 36-bit transmission data DA is divided into two for every 18 bits. Then, modulation processing combining multi-level FSK and CCK is performed on the data for every 18 bits as described below.
- the spreading code determination unit 2431 of the modulation unit 243 performs 4-chip spreading in accordance with a 2-bit code pattern from the first 2 bits of 18-bit data. Determine the sign.
- the spread code determination unit 2431 corresponds to each of the four code string patterns [00], [01], [10], and [11] of 2-bit data, A code string pattern is determined and stored.
- a code string pattern is determined and stored.
- each of four code string patterns [00], [01], [10], [11] of 2-bit data, and a 4-chip spreading code Code string patterns [1000], [0001], [0010], and [0100] are stored in association with each other.
- the spreading code determination unit 2431 determines a 4-chip code string pattern corresponding to the leading 2-bit data as a spreading code.
- FIG. 4B when the 18-bit data is [01010001010010011], the spreading code determination unit 2431 has a 4-chip code string pattern corresponding to the first 2-bit data [01]. [0001] is determined as a spreading code.
- the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 of the modulation unit 243 applies the code value “0” of the spreading code chip determined by the spreading code determination unit 2431 to 16-bit data excluding the first 2 bits. And the frequency to be assigned to the code value “1” of the chip are determined, and the determined frequency is output corresponding to the 4-chip code string pattern of the spreading code determined by the spreading code determining unit 2431.
- the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 includes a frequency determination unit 2432a, a frequency generation unit 2432b, and an output amplifier 2432c.
- the frequency determination unit 2432a assigns the frequency assigned to the code value “0” of the chip of the spread code determined by the spread code determination unit 2431 to 16-bit data excluding the first 2 bits of the 18-bit data.
- the frequency to be assigned to the code value “1” of the chip is determined.
- the frequency determination unit 2432a uses the code values of the chip of the spread code based on 256 code string patterns of the first half of the 16-bit data excluding the first 2 bits of the 18-bit data.
- the frequency to which “0” is assigned is determined, and the frequency to which the code value “1” of the chip of the spreading code is assigned is determined based on the latter 8 bits of the code string pattern.
- the frequency determination unit 2432a assumes 256 different frequencies as transmission frequencies at intervals of 0.05 MHz, when the frequency is between 310.0 MHz and 322.80 MHz. As shown in FIG. 4C, the frequency determination unit 2432a obtains the code value “0” of the chip of the spread code determined by each code string pattern of 16-bit data and the 8-bit code string pattern of the first half. A correspondence table is stored with the frequency to be assigned and the set of frequencies to which the code value “1” of the chip of the spread code determined by the latter-half 8-bit code string pattern is assigned.
- the frequency at which the code value “0” of the chip of the spreading code is assigned and the frequency at which the code value “1” of the chip of the spreading code is assigned are different from each other, and as shown in FIG.
- the frequency to which the code value “0” of the spreading code chip is assigned is determined, there are 255 frequencies to which the code value “1” of the spreading code chip combined with the code value “0” of that frequency is assigned. Yes.
- the frequency generation unit 2432b includes a variable frequency oscillator composed of, for example, a PLL (Phase Rock Loop), and according to the code values “0” and “1” of the 4-chip code string pattern of the spread code from the spread code determination unit 2431.
- the corresponding frequency determined by the frequency determination unit 2432a is output.
- the frequency signal output from the frequency generator 2432b is supplied to the transmission antenna AT through the output amplifier 2432c and transmitted by radio.
- the first 2 bits of the transmission data are assigned to the spreading code.
- the position of these 2 bits is not limited to the beginning of the transmission data, and may be an arbitrary position.
- 18-bit transmission data has been described. However, this is only an example, and it goes without saying that the number of bits of transmission data is not limited to this, and may be any number of bits.
- the spreading code may be assigned to 3 bits or more in the transmission data instead of being assigned to 2 bits in the transmission data.
- the first 8 bits and the last 8 bits of 16-bit data are assigned to the code values [0] and [1] of the spread code chip, respectively.
- 256 frequencies are assigned to 16-bit data.
- the number of bits of data to which a plurality of frequencies of multi-level FSK is allocated is arbitrary, and the number of frequencies used in multi-level FSK is determined according to the number of bits of data to be allocated.
- the 920 MHz band FSK processing unit 2433 has the same configuration as the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432. However, in the 920 MHz band FSK processing unit 2433, since the upper limit electric field intensity that can be output in the 920 MHz band is small, the number of frequency channels that can be used simultaneously is limited, and it is necessary to reduce the frequency used in the multi-level FSK.
- the number of bits allocated to multilevel FSK is increased by increasing the number of bits allocated to CCK in transmission data.
- a method of reducing the frequency used in the multi-level FSK is reduced.
- the number of bits allocated to CCK is not changed, and instead, transmission data is not divided into two as in the above example.
- the number of bits corresponding to the frequency that can be used in the multi-level FSK may be further finely divided and transmitted by the number of divisions.
- the 920 MHz band FSK processing unit 2433 processes the same 36-bit transmission data DA processed by the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 as described above, converts it into a signal of a frequency of 920 MH band, and transmits it to the transmission antenna AT. To be transmitted wirelessly.
- the sensor terminal 2 transmits transmission data DA in the 315 MHz band and the 920 MHz band in a transmission section TX between 2 milliseconds from the start of intermittent transmission. That is, in this embodiment, when the wireless transmission unit 24 starts intermittent transmission, the transmission data DA is transmitted by the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 of the modulation unit 243 during the first half of the transmission interval TX. As described above, a frequency signal obtained by modulation using a modulation method combining multi-level FSK and CCK is transmitted as a radio transmission signal.
- the frequency signal wirelessly transmitted from the sensor terminal 2 is always a single frequency signal in the 315 MHz band and the 920 MHz band, as shown in FIG.
- the 4-chip spreading code determined from the first 2 bits of the first 18 bits of the 36-bit transmission data DA is [0001]
- the 4-chip spreading code determined from the first 2 bits of the second 18 bits is [1100] as an example.
- the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 of the modulation unit 243 uses the frequency fa as a frequency to be allocated to the code value “0” of the chip of the spread code from 16 bits excluding the first 2 bits of the first 18 bits of the transmission data DA.
- the frequency fb (fa ⁇ fb) is determined as the frequency corresponding to the code value “1”.
- the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 of the modulation unit 243 corresponds to the 4-chip spreading code [0001] determined from the first 2 bits of the first 18 bits of the transmission data DA as shown in FIG. , Frequency fa ⁇ frequency fa ⁇ frequency fa ⁇ frequency fb is transmitted as a radio transmission signal.
- the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 of the modulation unit 243 allocates the code value “0” of the spreading code chip from 16 bits excluding the first 2 bits of the last 18 bits of the transmission data DA.
- the frequency fc is determined as the frequency
- the frequency fd (fc ⁇ fd) is determined as the frequency corresponding to the code value “1”.
- the 315 MHz band FSK processing unit 2432 of the modulation unit 243 corresponds to the 4-chip spread code [1100] determined from the first 2 bits of the last 18 bits of the transmission data DA as shown in FIG. , Frequency fd ⁇ frequency fd ⁇ frequency fc ⁇ frequency fc is transmitted as a radio transmission signal.
- the 920 MHz band FSK processing unit 2433 of the modulation unit 243 wirelessly transmits the same 36-bit transmission data DA. Therefore, from the 16 bits excluding the first 2 bits of the first 18 bits of the transmission data DA, the spreading code The frequency fe is determined as the frequency assigned to the code value “0” of the chip, and the frequency ff (fe ⁇ ff) is determined as the frequency corresponding to the code value “1”. Then, the 920 MHz band FSK processing unit 2433 of the modulation unit 243 corresponds to the 4-chip spreading code [0001] determined from the first 2 bits of the first 18 bits of the transmission data DA as shown in FIG. , Frequency fe ⁇ frequency fe ⁇ frequency fe ⁇ frequency ff is transmitted as a wireless transmission signal.
- the 920 MHz band FSK processing unit 2433 of the modulation unit 243 determines the frequency to be assigned to the code value “0” of the spread code chip from 16 bits excluding the first 2 bits of the last 18 bits of the transmission data DA.
- the frequency fg is determined, and the frequency fh (fg ⁇ fh) is determined as the frequency corresponding to the code value “1”.
- the 920 MHz band FSK processing unit 2433 of the modulation unit 243 corresponds to the 4-chip spreading code [1100] determined from the first 2 bits of the last 18 bits of the transmission data DA as shown in FIG. , Frequency fh ⁇ frequency fh ⁇ frequency fg ⁇ frequency fg is transmitted as a radio transmission signal.
- the frequency of the radio transmission signal transmitted from the modulation unit 243 varies depending on the data content of the transmission data DA. Therefore, even if the start timing of intermittent transmission collides with another sensor terminal 2, the frequency of the radio transmission signal is different unless the data content of the transmission data DA is the same.
- the transmission signal from the sensor terminal 2 can be separated and received.
- this and the frequency of the wireless transmission signal are By combining different things according to the data content of the transmission data DA, the probability that the reception side cannot receive the transmission signal from the sensor terminal 2 can be further reduced.
- this modulation method is used as an item for changing the frequency at which discrimination is easy even with weak radio waves, it is possible to increase the reception sensitivity.
- this embodiment is a sensor network system that employs a weak wireless standard that performs wireless communication using a frequency of 322 MHz or less. It is.
- the wireless sensor terminal used in this system has a small amount of transmission data and completes communication in several milliseconds at the latest, radio wave collision occurs in other wireless sensor terminals using the same band. hard.
- the weak wireless standard defines only the radio wave intensity, and there is no restriction on the occupied frequency band, and there is no problem with the Radio Law.
- control unit 20 monitors the cycle of intermittent transmission for each sensor connected to the sensor terminal 2 (step S1). And the control part 20 discriminate
- step S3 If it is determined in step S3 that sensing data from any one of the sensors is being acquired, the control unit 20 waits (step S5) and waits for the end of capturing the sensing data from that sensor (step S5). S6). Then, when it is determined in step S6 that the sensing data has been captured from the sensor, the control unit 20 proceeds to step S4, and issues an intermittent transmission start instruction together with the sensing data of the sensor that performs transmission and the information of the type of the sensor. And transmitted to the wireless transmission unit 24.
- step S7 when it is determined in step S7 that the occurrence of an event that matches the event occurrence condition is detected, the control unit 20 transmits the type of sensor registered in relation to the event that has occurred. Therefore, the intermittent transmission start instruction is transmitted to the wireless transmission unit 24 together with the sensing data of the sensor that performs transmission and the information of the type of the sensor (step S8). And the control part 20 changes the period of the intermittent transmission about the sensor which performed the transmission to a shorter period (step S9). And the control part 20 returns a process to step S1, and repeats the process after this step S1.
- the processing operation in the wireless transmission unit 23 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the processing of each step in the flowchart of FIG. 7 corresponds to the function that the microprocessor executes as software processing.
- the modulation unit 243 of the wireless transmission unit 23 uses the terminal ID of its own terminal, the sensor ID corresponding to the sensor type notified from the control unit 20, and the sensing data sent from the control unit 20 as shown in FIG. ) Is generated (step S13).
- the modulation unit 243 performs modulation processing by the modulation scheme combining the multi-level FSK and CCK described above in the spreading code determination unit 2431 and the 315 MHz FSK processing unit 2432 and wirelessly transmits the transmission data DA generated in step S13.
- the frequency of the transmission signal is determined, and wireless transmission is performed in the 315 MHz band from the intermittent transmission start timing set in step S12 (step S14).
- the modulation unit 243 performs modulation processing by the modulation scheme combining the multi-level FSK and CCK described above in the spreading code determination unit 2431 and the 920 MHz FSK processing unit 2433, and wirelessly transmits the transmission data DA generated in step S13. After determining the frequency of the transmission signal and completing the wireless transmission in the 315 MHz band in step S13 (after 1 millisecond has elapsed since the intermittent transmission start timing), the wireless transmission is performed in the 920 MHz band (step S15).
- step S15 After the end of wireless transmission in the 920 MHz band in step S15, the process returns to step S11, and the processes after step S11 are repeated.
- the sensor terminal 2 performs wireless transmission using the frequency of the 315 MHz band for the first 1 millisecond from the start of intermittent transmission, and the frequency of the 920 MHz band for the subsequent 1 millisecond.
- the wireless transmission used was performed, the order may be reversed. Further, the order of wireless transmission in the 315 MHz band and the 920 MHz band may be determined according to the random number value of the random number generator 242. For example, when the random number value is an odd number, wireless transmission may be performed first in the 315 MHz band, and when the random number value is an even number, wireless transmission may be performed first in the 920 MHz band.
- the self-sustained power source 25 may be a battery (battery) or a device using an induced electromotive force of a current wiring.
- a solar cell solar cell that can generate power using indoor illumination light such as a fluorescent lamp. Panel.
- a power supply voltage is supplied from the self-supporting power source 25 to each unit such as the control unit 20 and the wireless transmission unit 24.
- the sensor terminal 2 includes a voltage detection unit 26 that detects a storage amount (remaining battery level) of the independent power supply 25, and the voltage detection unit 26 constantly monitors the storage amount of the independent power supply 25. Thus, the information on the amount of stored electricity as the monitoring result is supplied to the control unit 20.
- control unit 20 refers to the information on the amount of electricity stored in the independent power supply 25 from the voltage detection unit 26, and lengthens the intermittent transmission cycle of sensing data when the amount of electricity stored in the independent power supply decreases. And so on.
- control unit 20 wirelessly transmits to the monitoring center device 5 information on the amount of power stored in the independent power supply 25 as power supply status information of the independent power supply 25 instead of sensing data at an appropriate timing.
- the data format at this time is exactly the same as the transmission data DA for transmitting the sensing data shown in FIG.
- the sensor ID of the transmission data DA when wirelessly transmitting the power status information of the independent power supply 25 is a 3-bit code pattern that is not used as the sensor type as described above, and the relay device 3 performs sensing. It can be distinguished from data.
- the relay device 3 includes a receiver 30 and a relay transmitter 31.
- the receiver 30 receives and demodulates the wireless transmission signal from the sensor terminal 2 and temporarily returns it to digital data.
- the receiver 30 detects the radio field intensity of the radio transmission signal received from the sensor terminal 2. Then, the receiver 30 converts the detected radio wave intensity information into digital data, adds it to the demodulated digital data, and transfers it to the relay transmitter 31.
- the added radio wave intensity information is used in the monitoring center device 5 to calculate the position of the sensor terminal 2 in the monitoring area 1 as described later.
- the relay transmitter 31 adds the relay device identification information (relay device ID) and the reception time data to the transfer data from the receiver 30 and transmits the data to the monitoring center device 5 through the communication network 4.
- the added reception time data is used in the monitoring center device 5 as sensing data acquisition time data included in the transmission data from the sensor terminal 2.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the receiver 30.
- the receiver 30 includes a 315 MHz band reception processing unit 310, a 920 MHz band reception processing unit 320, a relay data generation unit 301 including a baseband circuit, and a power status information storage unit 302. .
- the 315 MHz band reception processing unit 310 includes a reception circuit 311 that receives a frequency signal in the 315 MHz band received by the reception antenna 310AT, a demodulation circuit 312 that demodulates transmission data DA from the frequency signal received by the reception circuit 311, and a reception circuit A radio field intensity detection circuit 313 that detects the radio field intensity of the received signal received at 311.
- the data DMa demodulated by the demodulation circuit 312 is supplied to the relay data generation unit 301. Further, the radio wave intensity Ea detected by the radio wave intensity detection circuit 313 is also supplied to the relay data generation unit 301.
- the 920 MHz band reception processing unit 320 includes a receiving circuit 321 that receives a frequency signal in the 920 MHz band received by the receiving antenna 320AT, a demodulation circuit 322 that demodulates transmission data DA from the frequency signal received by the receiving circuit 321, A radio field intensity detection circuit 323 that detects the radio field intensity of the received signal received by the reception circuit 321;
- the data DMb demodulated by the demodulation circuit 322 is supplied to the relay data generation unit 301. Further, the radio wave intensity Eb detected by the radio wave intensity detection circuit 323 is also supplied to the relay data generation unit 301.
- the relay data generation unit 301 compares the radio wave intensity Ea from the radio wave intensity detection circuit 312 with the radio wave intensity Eb from the radio wave intensity detection circuit 322. Then, the demodulated data DMa and the demodulated data DMb are selected as the demodulated data to be transmitted to the monitoring center device 5 with the higher radio wave intensity. Then, the larger radio wave intensity is added to the demodulated data to generate relay data, which is transferred to the relay transmitter 31.
- the relay data generation unit 301 includes the power supply status information instead of the sensing data. Instead of transferring to the transmitter 31, the received power status information is temporarily stored in the power status information storage unit 302 in association with the terminal ID of the received data. The power status information stored in association with each terminal ID in the power status information storage unit 302 is updated to the new information every time new power status information is received.
- the monitoring center device 5 includes the power status information stored in the power status information storage unit 302 in the relay data. To send to.
- the data format of the data transferred from the receiver 30 to the relay transmitter 31 is shown in FIG.
- the terminal ID, sensor ID, and sensing data shown in white are data included in the received data DMa or DMb.
- the data size with shadow lines, flag information, radio wave intensity, and power supply status are data added by the relay data generation unit 301.
- the data size is information indicating the entire data size of the relay data, and the flag information includes a flag indicating that radio wave intensity information and power status information are added.
- the 315 MHz band reception processing unit 310 and the 920 MHz band reception processing unit 320 will be described.
- the configurations and operations of the 315 MHz band reception processing unit 310 and the 920 MHz band reception processing unit 320 are different in the frequency band to be handled, the number of frequencies in the modulation scheme of the combination of multilevel FSK and CCK, the spreading code, etc.
- the description is the same, and the following description will be made taking the case of the 315 MHz band reception processing unit 310 as an example.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the 315 MHz band reception processing unit 310.
- the reception circuit 311 includes a low noise amplifier 331, a band pass filter 332, a mixer circuit 333, a local oscillator 334, and a low pass filter 335.
- the signal received by the receiving antenna AT is supplied to the band pass filter 332 through the low noise amplifier 331, and a 315 MHz band signal is extracted from the received signal.
- the signal from the low noise amplifier 331 is also supplied to the radio wave intensity detection circuit 313.
- the 315 MHz band signal from the band pass filter 332 is supplied to the mixer circuit 333.
- the local oscillation frequency from the local oscillator 334 is set to 310.00 MHz, which is the minimum of the 256 assigned frequencies in the 315 MHz band described above.
- the mixer circuit 333 the signal of the 315 MHz band from the band pass filter 332 is mixed with the signal of the local oscillation frequency from the local oscillator 334, and the frequency is converted. Then, the output signal of the mixer circuit 333 is supplied to the low-pass filter 335 and band-limited, and an intermediate frequency signal is extracted from the low-pass filter 335.
- the intermediate frequency signal obtained from the low pass filter 335 is a signal having a frequency difference between the frequency of the 315 MHz band signal from the band pass filter 332 and the local oscillation frequency from the local oscillator 334. Therefore, the 256 signals in the 315 MHz band used in the above-described multi-level FSK are converted to intermediate frequency signals of 256 frequencies within the frequency of 0 Hz (DC) to 12.80 MHz and obtained from the low-pass filter 335. .
- the intermediate frequency signal of the low pass filter 335 is supplied to the demodulation circuit 312.
- the demodulation circuit 312 includes an A / D (Analog-to-Digital) converter 341, an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) circuit 342, a correlation operation circuit 343, a data restoration circuit 344, a spreading code memory 345, And a correlation search control unit 346.
- a / D Analog-to-Digital
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the A / D converter 341 samples the intermediate frequency signal from the low-pass filter 335 at a predetermined sampling frequency, and converts the sampling value into a digital signal.
- the digital signal from the A / D converter 341 is supplied to the FFT circuit 342 and converted from time axis data to frequency axis data.
- the cycle of the FFT processing in the FFT circuit 331 is set to 1 / integer of 2 or more of the spreading code rate. That is, the FFT processing in the FFT circuit 342 is configured to be performed a plurality of times within one chip period of the spread code.
- the sampling frequency in the A / D converter 341 is synchronized with the period of the FFT processing and is a frequency at which 256 sampling values can be obtained a plurality of times within the period of one chip of the spreading code.
- the processing clock in the correlation calculation circuit 343 is also synchronized with the cycle of the FFT processing, and the correlation calculation circuit 343 performs correlation calculation on the intensity level data for the received signal at any frequency. It is configured so that it can always be grasped.
- the spreading code memory 345 stores the code sequence patterns [1000], [0001], [0010], and [0100] of the aforementioned 4-chip spreading code.
- the correlation search control unit 346 sends a control signal to the spreading code memory 345, and controls to cyclically read out the code sequence patterns of the above-described four types of spreading codes of the four chips from the spreading code memory.
- the code sequence pattern of the spread code read from the spread code memory 345 is supplied to the correlation calculation circuit 343.
- the correlation calculation circuit 343 performs correlation calculation on the data of the intensity level for each frequency fn from the FFT circuit 342 and the spread code from the spread code memory 345, and supplies the correlation coefficient of the correlation result to the data restoration circuit 344.
- the data restoration circuit 344 is supplied from the correlation search control unit 346 with spreading code identification information SPid indicating which of the four types of spreading codes is the four-chip spreading code read from the spreading code memory 345 at that time. Is done.
- the data restoration circuit 344 restores the data transmitted from the sensor terminal 2 from the correlation calculation result for each frequency fn from the correlation calculation circuit 343 and the spread code identification information SPid from the correlation search control unit 346.
- the received signal is a modulated output signal of transmission data in which the code sequence in FIG. 4B is the first 18-bit code sequence
- the correlation calculation and data restoration processing will be further described. explain.
- the correlation calculation circuit 343 compares the data of the intensity level for each frequency fn from the FFT circuit 342 with a predetermined threshold level set to “1” when the intensity level is greater than the threshold level. When the value is smaller, “ ⁇ 1” is set.
- the code value of the chip of the spread code supplied from the spread code memory 345 is assigned “ ⁇ 1” to “0”, and “ ⁇ 1” is assigned to the code value “1” of the chip. 1 ”is assigned and the correlation is calculated by multiplying the two.
- the received signal in this example is a frequency signal that changes from frequency fa ⁇ frequency fa ⁇ frequency fa ⁇ frequency fb in accordance with the 4-chip spreading code [0001]. Therefore, the time-series spectrum as the output of the FFT circuit 342 shows that the intensity level of the frequency fa shows a large level in each section of the frequency fa as shown in FIG. 12B, and the section of the frequency fb. Then, as shown in FIG. 12C, the intensity level of the frequency fb shows a large level.
- the intensity level of the frequency fa according to the received signal of the 4-chip spread code [0001] as shown in FIG. 13A is as shown in FIG.
- the code value of each chip of the spread code [0001] is converted into the value [111-1] for calculating the correlation coefficient and the spread code [0001] of 4 chips is supplied from the spread code memory 345.
- Is a value [-1-1-11] for calculating the correlation coefficient. 1 ⁇ ( ⁇ 1) + 1 ⁇ ( ⁇ 1) + 1 ⁇ ( ⁇ 1) + ( ⁇ 1) ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4 Is calculated as That is, the correlation coefficient at this time shows a significant value.
- the correlation between the intensity levels of the frequencies fa and fb and the 4-chip spread code supplied from the spread code memory 345 to the correlation calculation circuit 343 is a code string other than [0001]. All numbers are zero.
- the correlation coefficient calculated by the correlation calculation circuit 343 as described above is supplied to the data restoration circuit 344.
- the data restoration circuit 344 includes a correspondence table between spreading code identification information SPid of each of four types of code string patterns of four chips of spreading codes and 2-bit data of restored data. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the data restoration circuit 344 includes a combination of the frequency assigned to the code value “0” of the spreading code chip and the frequency assigned to the code value “1” of the spreading code chip. A correspondence table is stored for each of the code string patterns of 16-bit data following the first 2 bits of the restored data.
- the demodulation circuit 312 of the 315 MHz band reception processing unit 310 restores the 18-bit data, and the subsequent 18 bits are restored in the same manner, thereby restoring the 36-bit transmission data DA. .
- the transmission data DA is restored by the demodulation circuit 322 in substantially the same manner.
- the information on the radio wave intensity accumulated in association with the terminal ID, the relay ID, the sensor ID, and the reception time information is used in the sensor terminal position acquisition unit 505 for calculating the position of the sensor terminal.
- the control unit 501 acquires the position information of the three relay devices determined in step S31 from the relay device position storage unit 506 using the respective relay machine IDs (step S33). And the control part 501 of sensor terminal 2 which has terminal ID used when specifying the relay apparatus 3 by step S31 from the positional information on the acquired three relay apparatuses, and the information of three electromagnetic wave intensity is acquired.
- the position in the monitoring area 1 is calculated (step S34). That is, since the radio wave intensity is in accordance with the distance between the sensor terminal 2 and the relay device 3, so-called 3 is used by using the position information of the three known relay devices and the radio wave intensity corresponding to the distance.
- the position of the sensor terminal 2 is calculated by a point positioning method.
- each of the relay devices 3 1 to 3 m is connected to the monitoring center device 5 through the communication network 4 to generate relay data and transfer it to the monitoring center device 5.
- the monitoring center device 5 and the communication network 4 may be connected to a specific one of the plurality of relay devices 3.
- the relay device detects the radio field intensity when the reception signal from the sensor terminal is received, and adds the information on the detected radio field intensity to the reception signal from the sensor terminal to monitor the center.
- the monitoring center device calculates the position of the sensor terminal in the monitoring area by using the information on the radio field intensity. For this reason, it is not necessary to add the position information of the sensor terminal to the transmission signal from the sensor terminal.
- the transmission data from the sensor terminal is composed of minimum necessary identification information and sensing data. It will be very short. Therefore, even when transmission data is wirelessly transmitted from each of a large number of sensor terminals in the monitoring area at a predetermined intermittent period, wireless transmission of transmission data from the sensor terminal is performed within the intermittent period.
- the transmission data can be easily distributed and the transmission data can be wirelessly transmitted without colliding with each other.
- the sensor terminal modulates the transmission data by a modulation scheme combining multi-level FSK and CCK and wirelessly transmits the transmission data. Therefore, the transmission signal from the sensor terminal is the transmission data.
- the frequency depends on the data content, and even if the transmission start timing collides, the frequency of the transmission signal is rarely the same. For this reason, on the receiving side, transmission signals having the same transmission start timing can be demodulated separately, and the probability of failure in receiving transmission signals is reduced.
- the transmission signal from the sensor terminal is transmitted in the same frequency range by using different frequency bands that are easily separated, such as 315 MHz and 920 MHz, it is received.
- the opportunity to receive the same data is obtained a plurality of times, and it can be received more reliably.
- the other example 2 of the sensor terminal position acquisition unit 505 is an example in which no relay device is used. That is, for example, when each of the sensor terminals is installed in the monitoring area, the installation construction worker measures the position of the sensor terminal using a GPS positioning means, and the position information obtained by the positioning is obtained from the sensor. The information is stored in association with the terminal ID of the terminal, and the stored position information is transferred to a storage device provided in the monitoring center device 5 and registered. Further, the correspondence information between the measured position information and the terminal ID of the sensor terminal may be sent to the monitoring center device through, for example, a mobile phone network and registered in the storage device. The sensor terminal position acquisition unit 505 of the monitoring center device 5 acquires the position information of each sensor terminal stored in the storage device based on the terminal ID included in the received signal.
- each of the sensor terminals allocates the same transmission signal to each of the first frequency band (315 MHz band) and the second frequency band (920 MHz band) for each intermittent wireless transmission, and the same.
- Wireless transmission may be performed simultaneously in the transmission section.
- the reception side since the first frequency band (315 MHz band) and the second frequency band (920 MHz band) are significantly separated in terms of frequency, the reception side can easily perform frequency separation and receive processing. it can.
- the same transmission signal content is transmitted in a time division manner in the transmission section of the first frequency band (315 MHz band) and the transmission section of the second frequency band (920 MHz band).
- the frequency band (315 MHz band) and the second frequency band (920 MHz band) are further divided, and the first frequency band (315 MHz band) transmission section and the second frequency band (920 MHz band) are transmitted.
- Each of the sections may be further divided according to the number of divided frequency bands, and time division transmission may be performed in each of the divided transmission sections.
- each of the sensor terminals does not have a reception function, and thus the reception confirmation signal cannot be received from the relay device.
- the sensor terminal has a reception function.
- the reception confirmation signal from the relay apparatus is not received, the sensing data may be retransmitted.
- the communication between the sensor terminal and the relay device is asynchronous. For example, after sending a timing signal for synchronization from the sensor terminal, the sensing data is transmitted to the relay device so that the synchronous communication is performed.
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Abstract
Description
自立の電源で駆動されると共に、1又は複数個のセンサが接続され、前記センサからのセンシングデータを無線送信するセンサ端末が、所定のエリア内のそれぞれ設定された位置に配置されることで、前記所定のエリア内に複数個の前記センサ端末が配置されると共に、前記複数個のセンサ端末のそれぞれから無線送信されたセンシングデータを収集する監視センタ装置とを備えるセンサネットワークシステムにおいて、
前記複数個のセンサ端末のそれぞれは、
各センサの識別情報と前記各センサの最新のセンシングデータとからなる送信信号を間欠的に無線送信する手段を有し、
前記監視センタ装置は、
前記所定のエリア内での前記複数個のセンサ端末の位置情報を取得する位置情報取得手段と、
前記複数個のセンサ端末からのセンシングデータのそれぞれを、そのセンシングデータの取得時点と対応させて時系列データとして蓄積するセンシングデータ蓄積手段と、
前記位置情報取得手段で取得した前記センサ端末の位置情報と、前記センシングデータ蓄積手段で蓄積したセンシングデータの前記時系列データとに基づいて、前記所定のエリア内における前記センサにより検出される環境要素の時系列変化を視覚化して呈示する見える化手段と、
を備えるセンサネットワークシステムを提供する。
図2は、センサ端末2のハードウエア構成例を示すブロック図である。図2に示すように、センサ端末2は、マイクロコンピュータにより構成されてセンサ端末2の全体を制御するための制御部20と、センサインターフェース21と、センサ信号処理部22と、メモリ23、無線送信部24と、自立電源25と、電圧検出部26とを備える。
この変調部243での変調処理について、図2に加え、図4(B)及び(C)をさらに参照しながら説明する。この実施形態では、36ビットの送信データDAを、18ビット毎のデータに2分割する。そして、18ビット毎のデータについて、以下に説明するようにして、多値FSKとCCKとを組み合わせた変調処理を施す。
次に、以上説明したセンサ端末2の制御部20での、間欠送信開始指示の送出制御の処理動作を、図6のフローチャートを参照しながら説明する。
ただし、自立電源25の電源状況情報を無線送信する場合の送信データDAのセンサIDが、前述したように、センサ種別としては使用されていない3ビットの符号パターンとされ、中継装置3で、センシングデータと区別可能とされている。
中継装置3は、図8に示すように、受信機30と、中継送信機31とからなる。受信機30は、センサ端末2からの無線送信信号を受信して復調して、一旦、デジタルデータに戻す。また、受信機30は、センサ端末2から受信した無線送信信号の電波強度を検出する。そして、受信機30は、その検出した電波強度の情報をデジタルデータに変換し、復調したデジタルデータに付加して、中継送信機31に転送する。付加された電波強度の情報は、後述するように、監視センタ装置5において、センサ端末2の監視エリア1内における配置位置を算出するために用いられる。
周波数fn=310MHz+n×1/Δt(Hz) (ただし、n=0~255)
毎の強度レベルのデータ(時系列スペクトル)が得られる。この場合、1/Δt(Hz)=0.05MHzとなるように、サンプリング周波数は定められている。
1×(-1)+1×(-1)+1×(-1)+(-1)×1=-4
として算出される。すなわち、このときの相関係数は有意な値を示す。
(-1)×(-1)+(-1)×(-1)+(-1)×(-1)+1×1=4
として算出される。すなわち、このときの相関係数も有意な値を示す。
図15は、監視センタ装置5のハードウエア構成例を示すブロック図である。この監視センタ装置5は、パーソナルコンピュータを用いた構成とすることができる。すなわち、図15に示すように、監視センタ装置5は、CPU(Central Processing Unit)により構成される制御部501に対して、システムバス500を通じて、通信インターフェース502、ディスプレイインターフェース503、センシングデータ蓄積部504、センサ位置取得部505、中継装置位置記憶部506、見える化情報生成部507、のそれぞれが接続されて構成されている。
図16は、センシングデータ蓄積部504の処理動作の流れの一例を説明するためのフローチャートである。この図16の説明においては、制御部501が、センシングデータ蓄積部504の処理機能を、ソフトウエア処理機能として構成した場合として説明する。
上述の実施形態では、中継装置31~3mの各々が、監視センタ装置5と通信網4を通じて接続されて、中継データを生成して、監視センタ装置5に転送するようにした。しかし、図21に示すように、監視センタ装置5と通信網4を通じて接続されるのは、複数個の中継装置3のうちの特定の1個とするように構成しても良い。
上述の実施形態のセンサネットワークシステムによれば、監視エリア内に多数のセンサを配置して、その監視エリア内の位置の違いに応じた環境状況を、時系列変化を含めてセンサからのセンシングデータを見える化処理して表示することができるので、監視エリア内の詳細な環境状況の監視をすることができる。
上述の実施形態の監視センタ装置5のセンサ端末位置取得部505では、中継装置3で付加されたセンサ端末2からの送信信号を受信したときの電波強度を用いて、各センサ端末2の位置を算出して取得するようにした。しかし、監視センタ装置5のセンサ端末位置取得部505が、センサ端末2の位置を取得する方法は、これに限られるものではない。幾つかの例を挙げる。
センサ端末位置取得部505の他の例のその1では、中継装置3は、電波強度の情報を付加することなく、センサ端末2からの送信信号は、その受信時刻の情報のみを付加して、監視センタ装置5に転送する。監視センタ装置5では、中継装置で付加されるセンサ端末からの送信信号の受信時点の情報を用いて、各センサ端末の位置を算出して取得する。
すなわち、少なくとも3個の中継装置3からの転送信号のうちの、同一のセンサの識別情報を含み、同一のセンシングデータ内容の転送信号に含まれるセンシングデータの受信時点の時間差は、センサ端末2からの送信信号の受信信号の電波強度と同様に、中継装置3と、それぞれセンサ端末2との距離に応じたものとなっている。そこで、監視センタ装置5では、これらの同一のセンサの識別情報を含み、同一のセンシングデータ内容の転送信号に含まれるセンシングデータの受信時点の時間差に基づいて、前記識別情報で特定されるセンサの位置を算出して取得することができる。
センサ端末位置取得部505の他の例のその2は、中継装置を用いない例である。すなわち、例えば、センサ端末のそれぞれを監視エリアに設置したときに、その設置工事作業者が、そのセンサ端末の位置を、GPS測位手段などを用いて測位して、その測位した位置情報を、センサ端末の端末IDと対応付けて記憶しておき、その記憶した位置情報を、監視センタ装置5に設けた記憶装置に転送して登録するようにする。また、測位した位置情報とセンサ端末の端末IDとの対応情報を、例えば携帯電話網を通じて、監視センタ装置に送って、前記記憶装置に位置登録するようにしても良い。監視センタ装置5のセンサ端末位置取得部505は、その記憶装置に記憶されている各センサ端末の位置情報を、受信信号に含まれる端末IDに基づき取得するようにする。
Claims (13)
- 自立の電源で駆動されると共に、1又は複数個のセンサが接続され、前記センサからのセンシングデータを無線送信するセンサ端末が、所定のエリア内のそれぞれ設定された位置に配置されることで、前記所定のエリア内に複数個の前記センサ端末が配置されると共に、前記複数個のセンサ端末のそれぞれから無線送信されたセンシングデータを収集する監視センタ装置とを備えるセンサネットワークシステムにおいて、
前記複数個のセンサ端末のそれぞれは、
各センサの識別情報と前記各センサの最新のセンシングデータとからなる送信信号を間欠的に無線送信する手段を有し、
前記監視センタ装置は、
前記所定のエリア内での前記複数個のセンサ端末の位置情報を取得する位置情報取得手段と、
前記複数個のセンサ端末からのセンシングデータのそれぞれを、そのセンシングデータの取得時点と対応させて時系列データとして蓄積するセンシングデータ蓄積手段と、
前記位置情報取得手段で取得した前記センサ端末の位置情報と、前記センシングデータ蓄積手段で蓄積したセンシングデータの前記時系列データとに基づいて、前記所定のエリア内における前記センサにより検出される環境要素の時系列変化を視覚化して呈示する見える化手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするセンサネットワークシステム。 - 前記監視センタ装置は、前記センシングデータの受信時点を、前記センサ端末からの送信信号の取得時点と見なして、前記センシングデータ蓄積手段を実行し、
前記センサ端末からの送信信号には、前記センシングデータの取得時点の情報を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のセンサネットワークシステム。 - 前記センサ端末からの前記送信信号には、受信側との同期用の情報は含まず、受信側では、前記センサ端末からの送信信号を常時監視して受信を検知することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセンサネットワークシステム。
- 前記所定のエリアには、少なくとも3個の中継装置が配置され、
前記中継装置のそれぞれは、
前記センサ端末からの送信信号を受信したときの電波強度を検出する手段と、
前記検出した前記電波強度の情報を、前記センサ端末から受信した前記センサの識別情報と前記センサからの前記センシングデータに加えて、前記監視センタ装置に転送する転送手段を備え、
前記監視センタ装置の前記位置情報取得手段は、前記少なくとも3個の中継装置からの転送信号のうちの、同一のセンサ端末の識別情報を含み、同一のセンシングデータの転送信号に含まれる前記電波強度から、前記識別情報で特定されるセンサの位置を算出して取得することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載のセンサネットワークシステム。 - 前記中継装置のそれぞれは、
前記センサ端末からの送信信号の受信時点を検出する手段を備え、
前記転送手段は、前記センサ端末からの送信信号を受信した受信時点を、前記センサ端末から受信した前記センサの識別情報と前記センサからのセンシングデータと前記電波強度の情報に加えて、前記監視センタ装置に転送し、
前記監視センタ装置は、前記中継装置からの前記センシングデータの受信時点を、前記センサ端末からの送信信号の取得時点と見なして、前記センシングデータ蓄積手段を実行することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のセンサネットワークシステム。 - 前記所定のエリアには、少なくとも3個の中継装置が配置され、
前記中継装置のそれぞれは、
前記センサ端末からの送信信号の受信時点を検出する手段と、
前記検出した前記送信信号の受信時点を、前記センサ端末から受信した前記センサの識別情報と前記センサからの前記センシングデータに加えて、前記監視センタ装置に転送する転送手段を備え、
前記監視センタ装置は、前記中継装置からの前記センシングデータの受信時点を、前記センサ端末からの送信信号の取得時点と見なして、前記センシングデータ蓄積手段を実行すると共に、前記少なくとも3個の中継装置からの転送信号のうちの、同一のセンサの識別情報を含み、同一のセンシングデータの転送信号に含まれる前記センシングデータの受信時点の時間差に基づいて、前記識別情報で特定されるセンサの位置を算出して取得することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載のセンサネットワークシステム。 - 前記センサ端末のそれぞれは、乱数発生器を備え、
前記乱数発生器から発生する乱数に基づいて、前記間欠的な無線送信の開始タイミングを決定することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項6のいずれかに記載のセンサネットワークシステム。 - 前記センサ端末のそれぞれは、前記複数個のセンサのいずれかによるセンシングデータから特定のイベントの発生を検出し、当該検出した前記イベントの発生時点で、前記間欠的な無線送信のタイミングに関わらず、前記送信信号を無線送信することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項7のいずれかに記載のセンサネットワークシステム。
- 前記センサ端末のそれぞれは、前記複数個のセンサのいずれかによるセンシングデータから特定のイベントの発生を検出し、当該検出した前記イベントの発生時点から、前記無線送信の間欠的な周期を変更して、前記送信信号を無線送信することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項8のいずれかに記載のセンサネットワークシステム。
- 前記センサ端末のそれぞれは、前記無線送信の度毎に、同じ送信信号について、第1の周波数帯における無線送信と第2の周波数帯における無線送信とを行うことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項9のいずれかに記載のセンサネットワークシステム。
- 前記第1の周波数帯における無線送信と前記第2の周波数帯における無線送信とを、異なる区間で実行することを特徴とする請求項10に記載のセンサネットワークシステム。
- 前記第1の周波数帯における無線送信と前記第2の周波数帯における無線送信とを、同時に実行することを特徴とする請求項10に記載のセンサネットワークシステム。
- 前記センサ端末のそれぞれは、送信するデータ内容に応じて異なる無線送信周波数を割り当てる変調方式により送信データを変調する変調部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項12のいずれかに記載のセンサネットワークシステム。
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US9516699B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
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EP2911130A1 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
EP2911130A4 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
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