WO2014049018A1 - Fliessfähige zusammensetzung, verfahren zur herstellung der fliessfähigen zusammensetzung sowie verfahren zum fracen einer unterirdischen formation unter einsatz der fliessfähigen zusammensetzung - Google Patents
Fliessfähige zusammensetzung, verfahren zur herstellung der fliessfähigen zusammensetzung sowie verfahren zum fracen einer unterirdischen formation unter einsatz der fliessfähigen zusammensetzung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014049018A1 WO2014049018A1 PCT/EP2013/070010 EP2013070010W WO2014049018A1 WO 2014049018 A1 WO2014049018 A1 WO 2014049018A1 EP 2013070010 W EP2013070010 W EP 2013070010W WO 2014049018 A1 WO2014049018 A1 WO 2014049018A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flowable composition
- flowable
- fuel component
- bore
- viscosity
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 56
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 9
- WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen tetraoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)[N+]([O-])=O WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 nitric acid (HNO 3 ) Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- WDQLRUYAYXDIFW-RWKIJVEZSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 WDQLRUYAYXDIFW-RWKIJVEZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002305 Schizophyllan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000222481 Schizophyllum commune Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465180 Botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001518836 Monilinia fructigena Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001558929 Sclerotium <basidiomycota> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001135759 Sphingomonas sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589636 Xanthomonas campestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- IHYNKGRWCDKNEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-bromophenyl)-2,6-dihydroxybenzamide Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 IHYNKGRWCDKNEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
- E21B43/247—Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes or crevice forming processes
- E21B43/248—Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes or crevice forming processes using explosives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flowable composition (FZ), a process for the preparation of the flowable composition (FZ) and a process for fracturing a subterranean formation using the flowable composition (FZ).
- the flowable composition (FZ) may be used to develop shale gas deposits, tight gas deposits, shale oil deposits, dense oil reservoirs, bitumen and heavy oil deposits, using " in-situ combustion, gas extraction from coal formations, downhole gasification of coal seams, mining of ore deposits, downhole extraction in metal extraction, rock depressurization and modification of stress fields in geological formations, water extraction from underground reservoirs and for the development of underground geothermal deposits.
- the refractive liquid is pumped at a pressure into the layer to be crushed or crumbled, which is sufficient to separate or break the subterranean formation.
- existing natural fissures and cracks which are the emergence of geological formation and subsequent tectonic Movements were formed, widened and new cracks, fissures and fractures, also Frac cracks or Hydrofracs called generated.
- the crushing liquid can be added proppants such as sand.
- the orientation of the hydrofrac induced in this way depends primarily on the prevailing state of tension of the subterranean formation.
- the magnitude of the pressure with which the fracturing fluid is pumped into the formation depends on the properties of the rocks and the stress fields in the subsonic formation.
- a disadvantage of this method is that the water-based crushing liquid must be pressed with enormously high pressures in the subterranean formation, so that these methods are complex and costly.
- the water-based Fracen only a very limited fracture of the subterranean formation possible because the pressure of the pressed-in crushing liquid can not be increased arbitrarily.
- a disadvantage of the hydraulic frac method is also that large amounts of the crushing liquid must be introduced into the subterranean formation, whereby, for example, oil reservoirs are diluted by the introduced refractive liquid.
- the refractive fluids are difficult to remove subsequently and the gaps and fractures formed are often blocked by the introduced breaking fluid.
- the efficiency of the Hydrofrac process is extremely low.
- the Hydrofrac process is also very complicated and expensive.
- flowable explosives are described in the prior art. These are usually filled in a container, the container containing the flowable explosive is subsequently brought by means of a detonator to explode.
- RU 2084806 describes an explosive charge consisting of a container filled with a liquid explosive. Hydrocarbons are used as the fuel component and dinitrogen tetroxide as the oxidizing agent. The explosion of the container is initiated by an electric detonator.
- a disadvantage of the explosive described in RU 2084806 is that dinitrogen tetroxide is a highly toxic and also volatile substance. The production of the explosive is dangerous and the ignition of the explosive must take place immediately after the preparation of the mixture.
- RU 21741 10 also describes a container filled with a liquid fuel component and a liquid oxidizer.
- the oxidizing agent and the fuel component are by means of a partition in the container separated.
- the bulkhead in the vessel is removed, thereby mixing the fuel component and the oxidizer.
- a disadvantage of the explosive described in RU 21741 10 is that the explosive charge has only a low performance and the handling of the explosive described in RU 21741 10 is dangerous.
- RU 2267077 describes a flowable explosive which is filled in a hermetic container without a partition wall.
- As the fuel component passivated aluminum powder or magnesium powder coated with an oxide layer is used.
- the oxidizing agent used is water.
- the metal powder sediments in the hermetic container within a very short period of time and is stable in the sedimented state of the water used as the oxidizing agent for prolonged periods.
- the metal powder is suspended in the water used as the oxidizing agent.
- the container is shaken.
- the following further oxidizing agents can be used: nitrogen acids, dinitrogen tetroxide, hydrogen peroxide and aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate and / or urea.
- a disadvantage of the explosive described in RU 2267077 is that sedimented as a fuel component metal powder in the liquid oxidant within a very short time. The explosion of the explosive is only guaranteed safe if the metal powder is uniformly suspended in the oxidant. Due to the relatively high rate of sedimentation, the explosive described in RU 2267077 does not always ensure reliable ignition of the explosive, especially when long horizontal wells are to be fractured.
- the specific heat of explosion of the above-described explosive containing metal powder is in the range of 7,000 to 14,000 kJ / kg.
- the specific heat of explosion is thus much higher than the heat of explosion of liquid explosives containing no metal powder.
- the ratios of metal powder to liquid oxidant By changing the ratios of metal powder to liquid oxidant, the amount of energy released in the explosion can be controlled. It is also possible to adjust the ratios between metal powder and liquid oxidizing agent so that no explosion takes place, but that the metal powder and the oxidizing agent burn off quickly and turbulently, resulting in large amounts of gas. This process is also called deflagration.
- the explosive energy can also be controlled by the size of the metal particles.
- the explosives described above are preferably used for the development of oil and gas deposits as well as for the mining of ore deposits.
- the explosives can be in deep, vertical holes and in deep horizontal Holes are used.
- the efficient use of the above explosives, especially when used in deep horizontal bores has the following disadvantages.
- the metal powders used as the fuel component tend to sediment rapidly in the liquid oxidizer.
- the above-described explosives work unreliable, since after sedimentation reliable ignition of the explosive is not always guaranteed.
- the use of thickening agents in order to increase the viscosity of the flowable explosives is also described in the prior art.
- the thickening agents described in the prior art have the disadvantage that their temperature stability is unsatisfactory.
- the flowable explosives described in the prior art work unreliably, especially in high temperature wells. Due to the high temperatures, the viscosity of the flowable explosive decreases, which in turn increases the sedimentation rate of the metal powder used as a fuel component, so that a reliable ignition of the explosive is not always guaranteed.
- Another disadvantage of the flowable explosives described in the prior art is that when used in wells having high salinity formation waters, the viscosity of the flowable explosives is also significantly reduced, which may result in failure of the explosive.
- the decrease in viscosity in high temperature wells or wells having high salinity formation waters also causes the flowable explosive to mix with the formation water present in the well.
- the change in the concentration of the flowable explosive due to the mixing with the formation water present in the borehole or the sedimentation of the metal powder used as the explosive component can also lead to the failure of the explosive.
- compositions suitable for fracturing subterranean formations as well as improved methods of fracturing (undergrounding) subterranean formations which do not or only to a lesser extent suffer the disadvantages of the compositions and methods described in the prior art. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a flowable composition which does not or only to a lesser extent have the disadvantages of the explosives described in the prior art and can be used for fracturing a subterranean formation. It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method of fracturing subterranean formations that achieves effective fracturing of a subterranean formation.
- a flowable composition comprising at least one fuel component (B), at least one oxidizing agent (O) and a glucan (G) having a ⁇ -1,3-glycosidically linked main chain and ⁇ -1, 6. glycosidically linked side groups, wherein the fuel component (B) and / or the oxidant (O) are liquid.
- the flowable composition (FZ) can be brought to an exothermic reaction by an igniter, wherein the fuel component (B) reacts with the oxidizing agent (O) with evolution of gas and evolution of heat.
- the exothermic reaction can take place in the form of a detonation, explosion or deflagration. This means that the speed of the exothermic reaction is controllable.
- detonation is understood to mean the sudden conversion of the potential energy contained in the flowable composition (FZ) to form a shock wave, speeds of between 1000 and 10,000 m / s in the shock wave, temperatures in the range of 2500 to 6000 ° C. and pressures in the range be achieved from 10,000 to 300,000 bar.
- Explosion according to the invention is understood to mean the sudden conversion of the potential energy contained in the flowable composition (FZ) to form a shock wave, wherein in the shock wave velocities in the range of> 100 m / s and ⁇ 1000 m / s, temperatures in the range 2500 to 6000 ° C and pressures in the range of 1000 to 300000 bar can be achieved.
- deflagration is understood to mean the rapid burning of the flowable composition (FZ), the combustion propagating at an uneven speed of at most 100 m / s.
- the flowable composition (FZ) of the present invention allows fracturing of a subterranean formation and, thus, effective production or improvement of hydrodynamic connections between the wellbore and the productive strata present in the subsurface formation.
- flowable means that the flowable composition (FZ), or the flowable stocking, can be pumped into the bore by means of conventional pumps.
- fracturing is understood to mean the directed induction of a fracture event in the surrounding rock of a well
- the fracture event is brought about by the pressure arising during the detonation, explosion or deflagration
- fracturing a fracturing of the surrounding rock occurs.
- the composition contains at least one fuel component (B) and at least one oxidant (O).
- the flowable composition (FZ) may contain exactly one fuel component (B), but it is also possible to use a mixture of two or more fuel components (B).
- fuel component (B) includes exactly one fuel component (B) and mixtures of two or more fuel components (B).
- the flowable composition (FZ) according to the invention may contain exactly one oxidizing agent (O), but it is also possible that the flowable composition (FZ) contains two or more oxidizing agents (O).
- the term oxidizing agent (O) is understood to mean exactly one oxidizing agent (O) and mixtures of two or more oxidizing agents (O).
- the fuel component (B) and / or the oxidant (O) are liquid.
- the flowable composition (FZ) may thus include a liquid oxidant (O) and a liquid fuel component (B). It is also possible that the flowable composition (FZ) contains a solid oxidant (O) and a liquid fuel component (B). Preferably, however, the flowable composition (FZ) contains a solid fuel component (B) and a liquid oxidant (O).
- the present invention thus also provides a flowable composition (FZ) in which the fuel component (B) is solid and the oxidant (O) is liquid.
- Suitable oxidizing agents (O) include, for example, water, dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4 ), peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, ammonium nitrate, nitrogen acids such as nitric acid (HNO 3 ), and chlorates.
- the oxidizing agent (O) is liquid.
- Oxidizing agent (O) is particularly preferred water, to which optionally further oxidizing agent (O) can be added.
- As further oxidizing agent (O) ammonium nitrate is preferred.
- the present invention thus also provides a flowable composition (FZ) in which water is used as the oxidizing agent (O).
- the present invention further provides a flowable composition (FZ) in which an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution is used as the oxidizing agent (O).
- the flowable composition (FZ) contains a glucan (G) as a thickening agent.
- the glucan (G) preferably comprises a main chain of ⁇ -1, 3-glycosidically linked glucose units and ⁇ -1, 6-glycosidically linked thereto side groups from glucose units.
- the side groups consist of a single ⁇ -1, 6-glycosidically linked glucose unit, which-statistically speaking-every third unit of the main chain is linked to another glucose unit ⁇ -1, 6-glycosidically.
- Particularly preferred is schizophyllan.
- Schizophyllan has a structure according to the formula (I), wherein n stands for a number in the range of 7000 to 35,000.
- the glucans (G) used according to the invention are secreted by fungal strains.
- Such glucan (G) secreting fungal strains are known to those skilled in the art.
- the fungal strains are selected from the group consisting of Schizophyllum commune, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotium glucanicum, Monilinia fructigena, Lentinula edodes and Botrytis cinera.
- Suitable fungal strains are furthermore mentioned, for example, in EP 271 907 A2 and EP 504 673 A1.
- the fungal strains used are particularly preferably Schizophyllum ses or Sclerotium rolfsii, and very particularly preferably Schizophyllum commune.
- This fungal strain secretes a glucan (G), in which a main chain of ß-1, 3 glycosidically linked glucose units - statistically speaking - every third unit of the main chain is linked to another glucose unit ⁇ -1, 6-glycosidically; ie, preferably, the glucan (G) is the so-called schizophyllan.
- the fungal strains are fermented in a suitable aqueous medium or nutrient medium.
- the fungi secrete the above-mentioned glucans (G) into the aqueous medium in the course of the fermentation.
- the glucan (G) used has a weight average molecular weight (M G ) in the range of 1, 5 * 10 6 to 25 * 10 6 g / mol, preferably in the range of 5 * 10 6 to 25 * 10 6 g / mol and can be prepared, for example, by the process described in WO 201/82973.
- the flowable composition (FZ) may optionally contain further thickening agents.
- suitable further thickeners are, for example, synthetic polymers, such as, for example, polyacrylamide or copolymers of acrylamide and other monomers, in particular monomers having sulfonic acid groups, and polymers of natural origin such as, for example, other glucans, xanthan or diutanes.
- the flowable composition (FZ) generally contains 10 to 500 g of the fuel component (B) per liter of flowable composition (FZ) and 0.1 to 5 g of glucan (G) per liter of flowable composition (FZ).
- the present invention thus also provides a flowable composition (FZ) in which the concentration of the fuel component (B) in the range of 10 to 500 g / l flowable composition (FZ) and the concentration of glucan (G) in the range of 0, 1 to 5 g / l flowable composition (FZ) is.
- the flowable composition (FZ) may further contain other additives.
- Suitable further additives are, for example, glycerol, preferably crude glycerol, salts, such as sodium or calcium chloride, biocides and surfactants.
- Biocides can be added to prevent polymer degradation by microorganisms.
- oxygen scavengers such as sodium bisulfide may be added, wherein additionally basic compounds such as alkali metal hydroxides may be added.
- Nonionic, anionic or zwitterionic surfactants can be used as surfactants. By adding surfactants, the surface tension of the flowable composition (FZ) can be reduced, resulting in a better distribution in the subterranean formation. Preference is given to nonionic and / or anionic surfactants.
- Suitable surfactants comprise, as the hydrophobic moiety, in particular hydrocarbon radicals, preferably aliphatic radicals having 10 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably having 12 to 36 carbon atoms and particularly preferably having 16 to 36 carbon atoms.
- surfactants examples include ionic surfactants having sulfonic acid groups such as olefin sulfonates such as ⁇ -olefinsulfonates or i-olefinsulfonates, paraffin sulfonates or alkylbenzenesulfonates, nonionic surfactants such as alkylpolyalkoxylates, especially alkylpolyethoxylates and alkylpolyglucosides.
- zwitterionic surfactants is alkylamidopropylbetaine.
- the flowable composition (FZ) generally has viscosities in the range of 100 to 1500 cP, preferably in the range of 200 to 1000 cP, and more preferably in the range of 300 to 800 cP.
- the indicated viscosities were measured on a rotational viscometer (Physika MCR 301) with shear stress control with double-slit geometry (PG 35 / PR / A1) at a shear rate of 7 s -1 .
- the composition (FZ) according to the invention can thus be a flowable explosive (FS) or a flowable deflagration substance (FD).
- the flowable composition (FZ) is not a thermal composition.
- Thermocomposites are compositions that have a metal as the fuel component and an oxide of a metal other than the fuel component, such as a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum, as the oxidizer.
- the fuel component (B) for example, hydrocarbons such as kerosene or petroleum, as well as powdered metals and / or powdered metal alloys are suitable.
- the fuel component (B) powdery metal alloys or powdery metals are preferable.
- further fuel components (B), such as kerosene, may be added to the powdered metal alloys or powdered metals.
- the present invention thus also relates to a flowable composition (FZ) in which a pulverulent metal alloy or a powdered metal is used as the fuel component (B).
- metals magnesium calcium and aluminum are preferred, particularly preferred are magnesium and aluminum, in particular aluminum.
- Preferred metal alloys are alloys of the abovementioned metals, to which other metals can optionally be added.
- the pulverulent metal alloy used as fuel or the pulverulent metal preferably has a particle size of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- the present invention thus also provides a flowable composition (FZ) in which the powdered metal alloy or the powdered metal has a particle size of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m. Particle sizes in the range from 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 30 ⁇ m, are preferred.
- the intensity (speed) of the exothermic reaction of the flowable composition (FZ) can be controlled. Smaller particles lead to a more intense faster reaction and thus to a stronger fracture of the subterranean formation.
- a powdery metal is preferably used as the fuel component (B).
- Preferred metal powder is aluminum powder, magnesium powder or a mixture of aluminum powder and magnesium powder.
- Preferred as fuel component (B) is aluminum powder with a particle size ⁇ 100 ⁇ m. Particle sizes of the aluminum powder are preferably in the range from 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the present invention thus also provides a flowable composition (FZ) in which aluminum powder, magnesium powder or a mixture of aluminum powder and magnesium powder is used as the fuel component (B).
- the preparation of the powdered metal alloys and powdered metals described above can be carried out, for example, using vibrating mills.
- the advantage of vibratory grinding lies in the dry comminution of the metals or metal alloys used.
- the vibratory grinding also allows the mechano-chemical activation of the millbase used, whereby chemical or physico-chemical conversions are achieved.
- Aluminum and magnesium are particularly suitable for vibratory grinding, as these metals are relatively easy to crush. Preference is given to aluminum.
- the flowable composition (FZ) allows a uniform distribution of the solid fuel (B) in the liquid oxidant (O).
- the solid fuel component (B) remains evenly distributed in the liquid oxidant (O) for extended periods of time and sedimentation of the solid fuel component (B) is permanently prevented.
- the flowable composition (FZ) is stable even in subterranean formations which have high temperatures, for example temperatures in the range of 60 to 140 ° C, that is, the viscosity of the flowable composition (FZ) does not decrease and a sedimentation of the solid Fuel component (B) is partially permanently prevented.
- the flowable composition (FZ) is stable even in subterranean formations containing formation water having a high salt content.
- the stability of the flowable composition (FZ) under the reservoir conditions also effectively prevents mixing with formation water present in the reservoir.
- the flowable composition (FZ) can also be used in subterranean formations containing formation water, without resulting in a dilution of the flowable composition (FZ). This ensures a reliable ignition of the flowable composition (FZ).
- Formation water also called reservoir water, is understood here to mean existing water in the reservoir. This may be water present in the subterranean formation. In the present case, formation water is also understood as meaning the flood water, which was optionally injected into the subterranean formation in an upstream step, for example in the context of secondary or tertiary conveying processes.
- the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the flowable composition (FZ) comprising the steps i) mixing at least one solid fuel component (B) and at least one liquid oxidant (O) to obtain a mixture in which the solid fuel component (B) is evenly distributed in the liquid oxidant (O); ii) mixing the glucan (G) into the mixture from step a) to obtain the flowable composition (FZ).
- the fuel component (B) and the liquid oxidant (O) are mixed until a uniform distribution of the solid fuel component (B) in the liquid oxidant (O) is achieved.
- the mixing can be carried out in mixing apparatuses known to those skilled in the art, such as stirred tanks with propeller stirrer or dissolver disk.
- the glucan (G) is added without interrupting the mixing process, the intensity of the mixing process being reduced stepwise or continuously.
- the viscosity of the flowable composition (FZ) has fully unfolded.
- the mixing of the flowable composition (FZ) can be carried out over the surface and the resulting flowable composition (FZ) can be stored there.
- the production of the flowable composition (FZ) can also take place underground.
- water is used as the oxidizing agent (O)
- pure water, seawater, partially desalinated seawater or formation water can be used.
- formation water is preferred because glucan (G), unlike conventional thickening agents, is insensitive to salts contained in the formation water.
- the present invention also provides a process for fracturing a subterranean formation comprising at least the steps of a) placing at least one well (1) in the subterranean formation, b) optionally introducing a flowable trimming (5) into the well c) introducing the flowable composition (FZ) into the bore; d) igniting the flowable composition (FZ) in the bore through an igniter.
- the sinking of at least one bore (1) into the subterranean formation is carried out by conventional methods known to the person skilled in the art and is described, for example, in EP 0 952 300.
- the bore (1) is a deflected bore comprising a quasi-vertical and a quasi-horizontal portion.
- the quasi-vertical and the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (1) are interconnected by a bent part.
- the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (1) is preferably introduced into a productive layer (2) of the subterranean formation, the angle of inclination of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (1) following the angle of inclination of the productive layer (2) of the subterranean formation.
- the quasi-vertical part of the bore (1) can be stabilized by a casing (7). It is also possible to stabilize portions of the quasi-horizontal part of the bore (1) by means of a casing (7). Usually, however, only the portion of the bore (1) by a casing (7) permanently stabilized, which should not be subsequently fractured.
- a flowable stocking (5) is introduced into the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (1) in step b).
- the length of the quasi-vertical section of the bore (1) can vary widely and depends on the location of the productive layer (2) in the subterranean formation.
- the length of the quasi-vertical section of the bore (1) is generally in the range of 100 to 10,000 m, preferably in the range of 100 to 4000 m, more preferably in the range of 100 to 2000 m, in particular in the range 100 to 1000 m.
- the length of the quasi-horizontal section of the well (1) also depends on the location of the productive layer in the subterranean formation which is to be fractured and can vary widely.
- the length of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (1) is generally in the range of 20 to 5000 m, preferably in the range of 20 to 2000 m, more preferably in the range of 20 to 1000 m.
- the flowable stocking (5) is preferably introduced into the region of the bottom hole (3) of the bore (1). Under the area of the borehole bottom (3) the area that directly adjoins the borehole bottom (3) is understood.
- the length of the area of the bottom hole (3) is generally 0 to 100 m, preferably 0 to 10 m, particularly preferably 0 to 5 m.
- the flowable stock (5) used is preferably an aqueous mixture whose viscosity is 10 to 500 times higher than the viscosity of the formation water (14) present in the bore (1).
- the viscosity of the flowable stock (5) is usually in the range from 100 to 1200 cP, preferably in the range from 200 to 5,800 cP and in particular in the range from 300 to 600 cP.
- the viscosity of the flowable stocking (5) is preferably also adjusted by a thickening agent, preferably by a glucan (G).
- a thickening agent preferably by a glucan (G).
- G glucan
- FZ flowable composition
- the flowable stocking (5) may optionally contain further additives.
- the statements made above and preferences for the flowable composition (FZ) apply accordingly.
- formation water (14) present in the bore (1) is displaced from the area of the borehole bottom (3) in the direction of the borehole head in the manner of a piston.
- the flowable composition (FZ) is subsequently introduced into the region of the bottom hole (3) of the bore (1) according to method step c).
- the viscosity of the flowable composition (FZ) is preferably adjusted so that the flowable composition (FZ) has a viscosity which is 1, 1 to 5 times higher than the viscosity of the flowable material (5).
- the flowable composition (FZ) thereby displaces the flowable stocking (5) in the direction of the wellhead, the flowable stocking (5) in turn displacing the formation water (14) present in the well (1) also in the direction of the wellhead.
- a flowable ignition mixture (12) is likewise introduced into the area of the bottom hole (3), which subsequently initiates the ignition of the flowable composition (FZ).
- the flowable stocking (5), the flowable composition (FZ) and the flowable ignition mixture (12) via a pipe string (13) (coiled tubing) in the region of the bottom hole (3) are introduced.
- the coiled tubing (13) is not moved.
- the coiled tubing (13) is removed.
- the subject matter of the present invention is thus also a method in which b) the flowable stocking (5) is introduced via a coiled tubing (13) into the region of the bottom hole (3) of the bore (1), whereby in the bore (1) existing formation water (14) in the direction of the wellhead is displaced and in process step c) the flowable composition (FZ) via the same coiled tubing (13) also in the region of the bottom hole (3) of the bore (1) is introduced, whereby the flowable stocking (5) and in the bore (1) existing formation water (14) is displaced head in the direction of the wellhead, and in step d) the detonator on the same coiled tubing (13) also in the region of the bottom hole (3) of the bore ( 1) is introduced and the ignition after removal of the coiled tubing (13) from the bore (1) is initiated.
- the ignition of the flowable composition (FZ) in process step d) is generally carried out via an electric or chemical igniter.
- the ignition is preferably initiated by a chemical detonator.
- a chemical igniter preference is given to using a combination of aqueous acid, preferably aqueous hydrochloric acid, and magnesium granules.
- magnesium granules in the form of an aqueous suspension can be introduced into the bore (1) and subsequently mixed with aqueous acid in the bore (1).
- an ignition mixture (12) which contains magnesium granules and aqueous acid, forms in the bore (1).
- an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution can be used having a hydrochloric acid content in the range of 1 to 38 vol .-%, preferably in the range of 10 to 25 vol .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 20 vol .-%.
- a fissured zone (4) is formed, which has highly fissured areas (4a) and less rugged areas (4b).
- the resulting fractures improve the hydrodynamic communication of the productive layer (2) to the well (1), thereby effectively increasing the yield of natural gas and / or petroleum from the productive layer (2).
- a second blasting is carried out after the first blasting has been carried out.
- a flowable composition (FZ) is again introduced into the subterranean formation.
- the flowable composition (FZ) is thereby injected via the bore (1) in the fissured zone (4), which has arisen by the first blast.
- the flowable composition (FZ) is thereby injected into the fissured zone (4) at a pressure which does not exceed the hydrodynamic Frac pressure.
- the viscosity of the flowable composition (FZ) for the second blasting is usually selected to be lower than the viscosity of the flowable composition (FZ) used for the first blasting.
- the flowable composition (FZ) is ignited in the fissured zone (4).
- the ignition takes place analogously to the first blasting, preferably by the ignition mixture (12) described therein.
- the composition (FZ) is pressed into the rugged zone (4).
- a packer is installed in the obtained section of the bore and the composition (FZ) is pressed into the fissured zone (4) via a pipe string.
- the cross-sectional diameter of the fissured zone (4) is generally in the range of 2 to 8 m.
- the rugged zone (8) acts as a large diameter borehole channel in the productive layer (2) of the underground formation. Gas or petroleum from the productive layer (2) subsequently flows into the zone (8).
- the rugged zone (8) plays the role of a collector.
- the diameter of the rugged zone (8) is generally in the range of 4 to 20 m.
- the rugged zone (8) is surrounded by an adjacent zone (9), which is only slightly rugged due to the ignition of the flowable composition (FZ).
- the formation of the zones (4) and (8) can also be carried out stepwise.
- the stepwise generation of a fissured zone (8) is shown schematically, for example, in FIG. 6 a).
- the gas or oil production can be continued by carrying out the method according to the invention by conventional methods.
- the promotion of gas or oil can be done through the hole (1).
- the further bore (10) can take over the function of a production bore, for example.
- the bore (1) can take over the function of an injection well. It is also possible that the bore (1) assumes the function of a production bore and the further bore (10) assumes the function of an injection bore.
- the flowable composition of the invention and the process of the present invention are particularly useful for developing underground tight gas or tight oil wells.
- "Tight gas” or “Tigt oil” refers to natural gas or petroleum that is stored in very compact rock.
- FIG. 1 A first figure
- FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through an underground formation after the execution of two blasts.
- the bore 1 is stabilized by a casing 7.
- the blasting has created a rugged zone 8.
- the former area of the bottom hole 3 is shown by a dashed line.
- Above the fissured zone 8 is a packer 6 and the stocking 5.
- the introduction of a packer is not mandatory.
- the stocking 5 can also be introduced below the packer.
- FIG. 2 shows the cross section of the area of the bottom hole 3 in the productive layer 2 before blasting.
- FIG. 3 shows the cross section of the area of the bottom hole 3 in the productive layer 2 after the first blasting.
- the cross-section of the area of the bottom hole 3 is shown by the dashed line.
- the first blast creates a fractured zone 4, which has a strongly fissured area 4a and a less strongly fissured area 4b.
- FIG. 4 shows the cross section of the region of the bottom hole 3 in the productive layer 2 after the second blasting.
- the rugged zone 8 has formed, which is surrounded by the adjacent zone 9, which is less rugged.
- Figures 5, 5a and 5b show cross sections of the subterranean formation after the second blast into which holes having several quasi-horizontal sections have been drilled.
- FIG. 6 shows a horizontal section through the subterranean formation after the second detonation into which several quasi-horizontal boreholes have been drilled in a star shape.
- FIG. 6a shows a vertical section through the subterranean formation, in which the method according to the invention is carried out in stages.
- the upper part of Figure 6a shows the condition after the second blast.
- the inventive method is carried out again, whereby a second fissured zone 8 is formed.
- Figure 6b shows a vertical cross-section through the subterranean formation into which another bore 10 has been drilled.
- the rugged zone 8 serves as a collector.
- the bore 1 serves as an injection hole through which a flood agent is pressed into the rugged zone 8.
- the production of natural gas or oil is carried out via the bore 10, which serves as a production well.
- FIG. 7 shows the viscosity of the glucan (G) (P1) used according to the invention and of the comparative polymers (V1) and (V2) as a function of the concentration. The viscosity measurement was carried out at a shear rate of 7 s -1 .
- FIG. 8 shows the viscosity of the glucan (G) (P1) and the comparative polymers (V1), (V2) and (V3) used according to the invention in ultrapure water as a function of the temperature.
- FIG. 9 shows the viscosity of the glucan (G) (P1) used according to the invention and the comparative polymers (V1), (V2) and (V3) in synthetic deposit water as a function of the temperature.
- FIG. 10 shows the sequence of the method according to the invention.
- the stocking 5 is introduced into the area of the bottom hole 3 via a pipe string 13 (coiled tubing). The stocking 5 displaces the formation water 14 present in the borehole in the direction of the wellhead.
- the flowable composition (FZ) 11 is introduced into the area of the bottom hole 3 via the same coiled tubing 13.
- the flowable composition (FZ) 1 1 displaces the stocking 5, which in turn displaces the formation water 14 in the direction of the wellhead.
- FIG. 10c shows the introduction of the ignition mixture 12 (introduction of magnesium granulate, followed by introduction of aqueous hydrochloric acid) via the coiled tubing 13 into the area of the bottom hole 3.
- the ignition mixture 12 displaces the flowable composition (FZ) 11, which in turn displaces the stocking 5 and the formation water 14 displaced in the direction of the wellhead.
- the viscosities of solutions of various polymers were measured at concentrations ranging from 0.2 g / l to 2 g / l.
- the tested polymers were dissolved in synthetic reservoir water or, if the polymer is in solution, mixed with the synthetic reservoir water.
- synthetic deposit water formation water
- an aqueous solution of the following composition per liter was used:
- the polymers used were the glucan (G) according to the invention, a comparison polymer 1 (V1), a comparison polymer 2 (V2) and a comparison polymer 3 (V3).
- Comparative Polymer I (V1) Commercially available synthetic polymer of 75 mole% acrylamide and 25 mole% of the sodium salt of the monomer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulphonic acid. Comparative polymer (V1) has a weight-average molecular weight M w of about 11 million grams / mole.
- xanthan (CAS 1 1 138-66-2, prepared by fermentation with the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris) having a weight-average molecular weight of N w of about two million grams / mole.
- the glucan (G) according to the invention is designated P1.
- the measurements of glucan (G) (P1) and comparative polymer (V2) were performed at 54 ° C.
- the measurement of comparative polymer (V1) was carried out at 40 ° C.
- the viscosity measurements were carried out in a measuring cell simulating the conditions in a deposit.
- the viscosity measurements were carried out as follows: carrying out the viscosity measurements
- Measuring instrument shear stress controlled.it rotational viscometer, Physica
- the complete measuring system including the syringe, with which the respective samples were introduced into the rheometer, was purged with nitrogen. During the measurement, the measuring cell was subjected to a pressure of 8 bar nitrogen.
- Example 3 was carried out analogously to Example 2. Instead of ultrapure water, the polymers were dissolved in the above-described synthetic reservoir water. The results of the measurement are shown in FIG.
- Examples 2 and 3 show the advantages of the glucan (G) (P1) used according to the invention in comparison to the comparison polymers (V1), (V2) and (V3) at high temperatures and high salt concentrations of the water used as solvent.
- the viscosity of glucan (G) (P1) remains largely constant both in water with a high salinity and in ultrapure water in the temperature range from 25 ° C to 140 ° C and begins to slowly decrease only at temperatures above 140 ° C.
- both the comparative polymer (V1) and the comparison polymer (V3) show a similar behavior.
- the comparison polymer (V2) shows a significantly poorer viscosity stability even in ultrapure water.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA 2886196 CA2886196A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Flowable composition, method for producing the flowable composition and method for fracking a subterranean formation using the flowable composition |
EP13766359.7A EP2900790A1 (de) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Fliessfähige zusammensetzung, verfahren zur herstellung der fliessfähigen zusammensetzung sowie verfahren zum fracen einer unterirdischen formation unter einsatz der fliessfähigen zusammensetzung |
EA201590647A EA201590647A1 (ru) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Текучая композиция, способ получения текучей композиции, а также способ гидроразрыва подземной формации с применением текучей композиции |
US14/431,886 US20150252663A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Flowable composition, method for producing the flowable composition and method for fracking a subterranean formation using the flowable composition |
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EP12186280 | 2012-09-27 | ||
EP12186280.9 | 2012-09-27 | ||
EP13170402.5 | 2013-06-04 | ||
EP13170402 | 2013-06-04 |
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US (1) | US20150252663A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2900790A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2886196A1 (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2014049018A1 (de) |
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EP3183419A4 (de) * | 2014-08-22 | 2018-03-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Anwendungen zur hydraulischen frakturierung unter verwendung mikroenergetischer partikel |
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US10138720B2 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-11-27 | Energy Technology Group | Method and system for perforating and fragmenting sediments using blasting material |
WO2018183259A1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Cargill, Incorporated | Composition including beta-glucan and enzyme and reaction products thereof |
CN109898994A (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-18 | 程领存 | 一种煤层卸压方法及其装置 |
CN113863913B (zh) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-11-25 | 西南石油大学 | 一种页岩气层氧化爆裂改造方法 |
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Also Published As
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US20150252663A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
CA2886196A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
EA201590647A1 (ru) | 2015-09-30 |
EP2900790A1 (de) | 2015-08-05 |
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