WO2014049017A1 - Verfahren zum gerichteten fracen einer unterirdischen formation, in die mindestens eine abgelenkte bohrung abgeteuft ist - Google Patents
Verfahren zum gerichteten fracen einer unterirdischen formation, in die mindestens eine abgelenkte bohrung abgeteuft ist Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014049017A1 WO2014049017A1 PCT/EP2013/070009 EP2013070009W WO2014049017A1 WO 2014049017 A1 WO2014049017 A1 WO 2014049017A1 EP 2013070009 W EP2013070009 W EP 2013070009W WO 2014049017 A1 WO2014049017 A1 WO 2014049017A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bore
- explosive
- hollow body
- quasi
- flowable
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/08—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive with cavities in the charge, e.g. hollow-charge blasting cartridges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/24—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor characterised by the tamping material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for fracturing a subterranean formation into which at least one deflected bore has been sunk by introducing hollow bodies (HC) and a detonable flowable explosive (FS) into the deflected bore and then initiating detonation in the deflected bore ,
- HC hollow bodies
- FS detonable flowable explosive
- the process according to the invention can be used for the development of underground deposits.
- Suitable underground deposits are, for example, gas and oil deposits, bitumen and heavy oil deposits, coal deposits and mineral deposits.
- the method of the present invention can be used for downhole gasification of coal seams, underground leaching for metal extraction, rock depressurization, and modification of stress fields in geological formations, for water extraction from underground reservoirs, and for development of underground geothermal reservoirs.
- the refractive liquid is pumped at a pressure into the layer to be crushed or crumbled, which is sufficient to separate or break the subterranean formation. This will dilate existing natural fissures and cracks that formed during the formation of the geological formation and subsequent tectonic movements, as well as new cracks, crevices and clefts, too Frac cracks or Hydrofracs called generated.
- the crushing liquid can be added proppants such as sand.
- the orientation of the hydrofrac induced in this way depends primarily on the prevailing state of tension of the subterranean formation.
- the magnitude of the pressure with which the fracturing fluid is pumped into the formation depends on the properties of the rocks and the stress fields in the subsonic formation.
- a disadvantage of this method is that the water-based crushing liquid must be pressed with enormously high pressures in the subterranean formation, so that these methods are complex and costly.
- the water-based Fracen only a very limited fracture of the subterranean formation possible because the pressure of the pressed-in crushing liquid can not be increased arbitrarily.
- Another disadvantage is that the formation of cracks, fissures and fractures is undirected and, above all, depends on the stress state of the subterranean formation.
- a directional fracturing or a directed fracturing of subterranean rock formations is not possible with these methods.
- EP 1 046 879 describes a method of blasting rock mass, in which explosive charges with electronic detonators are introduced into a multiplicity of boreholes and the detonators subsequently ignite the explosive charges in the multiplicity of rock cavities with a specific delay interval.
- a disadvantage of this method is that a large number of boreholes must be introduced into the rock mass and that the use of a large number of explosive charges and detonators is necessary. This makes the process complex and costly.
- a directed fracturing of the rock masses is also not possible with this method.
- RU 2 333 363 and RU 2 339 818 describe processes for recovering gas from coal deposits.
- RU 2 333 191 describes an explosive mixture containing ammonium nitrate, hydrocarbons and cenospheres. The cenospheres have a neutral buoyancy in the explosive mixture and are evenly distributed, so that the explosion is undirected.
- the methods described above have the disadvantage that the fracturing of the subterranean formation is non-directional. As a result, it is also possible to destroy rock layers which delimit productive layers, such as, for example, an oil-bearing layer, from adjacent layers, such as, for example, formation-water-bearing layers. In such a case, the fracturing of the subterranean formation is even contra productive, as the fracture of the demarcating stratum of water dilutes the productive stratum, thereby disrupting the extraction process. Many deposits also have a layered structure in which horizontally arranged productive layers of great thickness are separated by horizontally arranged non-productive dense rock strata of lesser thickness. An undirected fracture can not produce an effective hydrodynamic connection between the productive layers. Thus, there has been a need for improved methods of fracturing (fraying) subterranean formations which do not or only to a lesser extent suffer the disadvantages of the methods described in the prior art.
- the method is also intended to produce an effective hydrodynamic connection between horizontal stratified productive layers separated by non-productive dense rock strata.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by the following method for fracturing a subterranean formation comprising at least the steps of a) depositing a deflected bore (1) comprising a quasi-vertical section (11) and a quasi-horizontal section (12) the subterranean formation, b) introduction of hollow bodies (HK) and a detonable flowable explosive (FS) into the deflected bore (1) and c) initiation of the detonation in the deflected bore (1), wherein the hollow bodies (HK) have a density (HK) D H K) and the detonatable flowable explosive (FS) have a density (D FS ) and (D H K) is less than (D FS ) and after completion of the process step b) and before step c) a rest phase is inserted, whereby the hollow bodies (HK) float in the detonable flowable explosive (FS).
- the method according to the invention enables the directed fracturing of a subterranean formation, preferably predominantly in the vertical direction, thus effectively producing or improving hydrodynamic compounds 5 between horizontally arranged productive layers which are separated from each other by horizontal dense rock layers. According to the invention, this directed fracture is achieved by steering the detonation energy.
- frac is understood to mean the directed induction of a fracture event in the surrounding rock of a well by the pressure of a detonation.
- FS flowable explosive
- HK hollow body
- HK spherical hollow body
- a deflected bore (1) is drilled into the subterranean formation.
- Techniques for sinking deflected bores into subterranean formations are known to those skilled in the art and are described for example in EP 0952300, US 487008, RU 2451 150, EP 1 129272.
- the deflected bore (1) has a quasi-vertical section of the bore (1 1) and a quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- the present invention also relates to a method in which the deflected bore (1) comprises a quasi-vertical section (11) and a quasi-horizontal section (12). Under vertical is generally understood an axis (Lotraum), which is directed to the center of the earth or perpendicular to the earth's surface.
- axis Litraum
- Horizontal is generally understood to mean a plane (horizontal plane) which is aligned parallel to the earth's surface or at right angles to the vertical direction.
- the quasi-vertical section of the bore (11) can deviate by up to 40 °, preferably by up to 25 ° and particularly preferably by up to 15 ° from the perpendicular direction.
- the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) can deviate by up to a maximum of 30 ° from the horizontal plane.
- the deviation may be positive, in this case, the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) has a positive slope in the direction of the earth's surface.
- the deviation from the horizon plane may also be negative, in which case the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) has a negative slope in the direction of the center of the earth.
- the invention thus portions of a bore understood that differ by a maximum of +/- 30 °, preferably by a maximum of +/- 20 ° and more preferably by a maximum of +/- 10 ° from the horizontal plane.
- the quasi-vertical portion of the bore (1 1) and the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) of the bore (1) are connected by a bent portion.
- the length of the quasi-vertical section of the well (11) can vary widely and depends on the depth of the subterranean formation that is to be fractured.
- the length of the quasi-vertical part of the bore (1 1) is generally in the range of 100 to 10,000 meters, preferably in the range of 100 to 4000 meters, more preferably in the range of 100 to 2000 meters and in particular in the range of 100 to 1000 Meter.
- the location of the quasi-horizontal section of the well (12) also depends on the location of the subterranean formation which is to be fractured and can vary widely.
- the length of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) is generally in the range of 20 to 5000 meters, preferably in the range of 20 to 2000 meters, and more preferably in the range of 20 to 1000 meters.
- the quasi-vertical portion of the bore (11) is generally stabilized by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art. This can be done, for example, by cementing or by the introduction of a casing (8).
- the bent part of the bore which connects the quasi-vertical part of the bore (1 1) and the quasi-horizontal part of the bore (12) is usually stabilized by the methods described above, in particular by the introduction of a casing (8) .
- the casing (8) is generally made of metal.
- the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) is usually stable at least for a short time after the bore is lowered. In this case, the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) remains unstabilized, that is, uncased and uncemented. If the geomechanical investigations of the subterranean formation show that the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) is not stable in the short term, this section will be temporarily cased, for example with plastic pipes without cementation.
- the inventive method is particularly suitable for Fracen deposits (2) which have a layered structure.
- productive layers (2a) are separated by non-productive intermediate layers (23).
- productive layers (2a) are meant those layers which contain a raw material which is to be conveyed. This may be natural gas, petroleum or metals (ores).
- the invention also relates to a method in which the subterranean formation comprises a deposit (2) having a layered structure in which a plurality of productive layers (2a) are separated by a plurality of non-productive intermediate layers (23).
- plality is meant the number of productive layers (2a) and non-productive intermediate layers (23)
- the number of productive layers (2a) and non-productive intermediate layers (23) in the deposit is usually in the range of 3 to 10.
- the non-productive layers (23) may be dense layers of rock or clay.
- the productive layers (2a) generally have a thickness of 2 to 20 meters, preferably 2 to 10 meters.
- the power of not productive layers (23) is usually smaller and is in the range of a few centimeters to 2 meters, preferably in the range of 0.5 meters to 1 meter.
- the quasi-horizontal part of the bore (12) is placed in the lower part of the deposit (2).
- the lowest productive layer (2a) of the deposit (2) is placed in the lowest productive layer (2a) of the deposit (2).
- Process step b) The use of explosives must comply with both statutory regulations and occupational safety regulations.
- the inventive method is used only for civilian use, that is, for the extraction of raw materials. In the method according to the invention, no nuclear explosives are used.
- hollow bodies (HK) and a detonatable, flowable explosive (FS) are introduced into the deflected bore (1).
- the hollow body (HK) has a density (D H K) which is smaller than the density (D FS ) of the detonable flowable explosive.
- HK bodies which have one or more hermetic cavities.
- Hermetic in this context means that the cavity is surrounded by an outer layer which is largely impermeable to liquids.
- the cavity is filled with a gas.
- the gases can be chosen arbitrarily as long as the density (D H K) of the hollow body (HK) is less than the density (D FS ) of the detonatable flowable explosive (FS).
- the cavity of the hollow body (HK) is filled with a gas. Suitable gases are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen or air.
- the cavity of the hollow body (HK) is filled with air.
- the present invention also relates to a method in which the density (D H K) of the hollow body (HK) is in the range of 0.2 to 0.9 g / cm 3 .
- the shape of the hollow body (HK) is not critical for carrying out the method according to the invention. It can thus be used hollow body (HK) any geometric shape that meet the above requirements.
- spherical or cylindrical hollow bodies which have one or more cavities.
- a hollow body (HK) having a plurality of cavities for example, foamed plastics, such as expanded polystyrene, or porous ceramic materials can be used.
- foamed plastics such as expanded polystyrene, or porous ceramic materials can be used.
- a spherical hollow body for example, hollow spheres can be used which have an outer shell made of a plastic material or a ceramic material or glass.
- the spherical hollow bodies (HK) preferably have a density in the range of 0.2 to 0.9 g / cm 3 .
- the diameter of the spherical hollow body (HK) is generally in the range of 1 ⁇ to 5 mm, preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ and in particular in the range of 1 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ . It is also possible to use spherical hollow bodies (HK) with larger or smaller diameters.
- Cenospheres having a density in the range from 0.2 to 0.9 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 g / cm 3 and particle sizes in the form of spherical hollow bodies (HK) are particularly preferred Range from 1 to 300 ⁇ , preferably in the range of 50 to 200 ⁇ .
- Cenospheres are extracted from fly ash during the burning of coal or hard coal.
- Cenospheres are hollow spheres having a shell containing silica, alumina and iron oxide.
- the separation of the cenospheres from the fly ash of coal or coal combustion is carried out by methods known in the art, for example by means of hydrodynamic methods or gravitation methods.
- the cenospheres are formed during coal combustion as a result of thermochemical conversion of mineral coal components and the crystallization of these components during the cooling process.
- the present invention also relates to a method in which as a hollow body (HK) cenospheres are used which have a shell containing silica, alumina and iron oxide.
- cylindrical hollow bodies (HK) tubes or hoses with a hermetic cavity are preferably used, which have a density in the range of 0.2 to 0.9 g / cm 3 .
- the tubes or hoses are preferably made of a plastic material, for example polyethylene.
- the cavity of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) is preferably filled with a gas, air being particularly preferred.
- the cylindrical hollow bodies (HK) can in this case have a partial coating (20) which, for example, comprises half the arc length of the pipe circular line of the cylindrical hollow body (HK).
- the partial coating (20) is preferably a metal coating.
- the partial coating (20) can be applied on the inside of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) (partial coating (21)) or on the outside of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) (partial coating (22)).
- the partial coating (20) of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) facilitates the alignment of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) described below in the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- the diameter of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) is smaller than the diameter of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12).
- the diameter of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) is at most 50%, preferably at most 40%, more preferably at most 30% and most preferably at most 20% of the diameter of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12).
- the length of the cylindrical hollow bodies (HK) depends on the length of the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) which is to be exploded. The length can therefore be, for example, 10 to 2000 meters. It is also possible to use a plurality of cylindrical hollow bodies (HK) of shorter length. In this case, the length of the cylindrical hollow body (HK) is in the range of 10 to 20 meters.
- the cylindrical hollow bodies (HK) are not fixed in the bore (1), but float in the explosive (FS).
- the hollow bodies (HK) and the detonable flowable explosive (FS) can be introduced into the deflected bore together or one after the other. That is, it can first the hollow body (HK) and then the explosive (FS) are introduced into the deflected bore. In addition, first the explosive (FS) and then the hollow body (HK) can be introduced into the deflected bore (1). It is also possible to introduce the hollow body (HK) together with the explosive (FS) in the deflected bore.
- HK hollow body
- FS explosive
- spherical hollow bodies In the event that spherical hollow bodies (HK) are used, they are preferably introduced together with the explosive (FS) in the deflected bore (1).
- a detonatable, flowable mixture (DM) which contains hollow bodies (HK), preferably spherical hollow bodies (HK), and the detonatable flowable explosive (FS).
- the mixture (DM) contains as spherical hollow bodies (HK) preferably the cenospheres described above, with the statements and preferences mentioned there apply mutatis mutandis.
- the present invention also relates to a process in which, in process step b), a detonatable flowable mixture (DM) is introduced into the deflected bore (1), which contains the hollow body (HK) and the explosive (FS).
- the spherical hollow bodies (HK) are then dispersed in the explosive (FS), preferably dispersed.
- the distribution or dispersion of the spherical hollow body (HK) is carried out by methods known in the art, for example by mixing units, such as stirred tank with propeller or dispersing.
- FS detonable flowable explosives
- emulsions or real solutions can be used.
- Detonatable flowable explosives (FS) are known in the art. These explosives are described, for example, in DE 3700129, RU 241678, RU 98101776 and RU 951 13990.
- detonable flowable explosives for example mixtures of a fuel component, such as a hydrocarbon component, such as kerosene or petroleum, and an oxidizing agent, such as ammonium nitrate or dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 0 4 ) can be used. These mixtures can also be used in the form of aqueous emulsions.
- the detonable flowable explosive (FS) may also contain conventional explosive additives such as explosion sensitizers or explosion moderators.
- a detonatable flowable explosive (FS) a mixture of kerosene and liquid dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4 ) is particularly preferred.
- FS detonatable, flowable explosive
- TNT trotyl particles
- l UPAC 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrotoluene
- ammonium nitrate dissolved in water.
- the aqueous suspension is usually gelled by the addition of polyacrylamide or salts of the carboxylated cellulose.
- the water content of the aqueous suspension may be up to 20% by weight.
- Such suspensions are available under the trade name "Aquatol ®".
- Flowable here means that the explosive (FS) or the mixture (DM) by pumping in the deflected bore (1), preferably in the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12), can be introduced.
- the density (D FS ) of the detonable flowable explosive (FS) is greater than the density (D H K) of the hollow body (HK).
- the hollow bodies (HK) therefore have a positive buoyancy in the explosive (FS). Due to the difference in density and the positive buoyancy, the hollow bodies (HK) float in the explosive (FS).
- the speed of the floating (buoyancy) of the hollow body (HK) depends essentially on three parameters. These are the density difference between the hollow bodies (HK) and the explosive (FS), the viscosity of the explosive (FS) and the adhesion of the explosive (FS) to the hollow bodies (HK).
- the subject matter of the present invention is thus also a method in which the hollow bodies (HK) in the detonatable flowable explosive (FS) have a positive buoyancy.
- a larger difference in density leads to an increase in the buoyancy rate.
- Increasing the viscosity of the explosive (FS) slows down the buoyancy rate.
- An increase in adhesion also slows down the buoyancy rate.
- the floating of the hollow body (HK) in the explosive (FS) takes place with a certain time delay.
- rest phase is understood to mean the time span between the completion of the introduction of the hollow bodies (HK) and the explosive (FS), preferably in the form of the mixture (DM) and the initiation of the detonation after completion of process step b) and before process step c) a rest phase in the range of 1 hour to 3 days is inserted.
- densities for the explosive for example, densities in the range of 0.95 g / cm 3 to 2 g / cm 3 are suitable.
- the densities of the explosive (FS) are preferably in the range from 1 g / cm 3 to 1.5 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the explosive (FS) can be increased by the addition of additives such as glycerine, preferably crude glycerine, or salts such as sodium chloride or calcium chloride.
- the viscosity of the liquid explosive (FS) is, for example, in the range from 50 to 1000 cP, preferably in the range from 200 to 600 cP.
- Suitable thickening additives are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide or natural polymers such as guar, glucans, xanthan, scleroglucan, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose or
- the viscosities are determined according to the invention by the following method. The viscosities were measured using a RheoStress 301, plate / cone arrangement at shear rates from 0.5 to 1 s _1.
- the adhesion of the explosive (FS) to the hollow bodies (HK) can be regulated, for example, by adjusting the surface tension. A lowering of the surface tension leads to a reduction of the adhesion.
- surfactants may be added to the explosive (FS). Suitable surfactants are anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactants. As anionic surfactants, for example, carboxylates or sulfonates with long alkyl radicals are suitable. As cationic surfactants, for example, quaternary ammonium compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals are suitable. For example, ethoxylates of fatty alcohols are suitable as nonionic surfactants.
- the hollow bodies (HK) and the explosive (FS) are preferably introduced into the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- the mixture (DM) is introduced into the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- main part is meant that at least 80 wt .-%, preferably at least 90 wt .-%, more preferably at least 95 wt .-% and particularly preferably at least 99 wt .-% of the hollow body (HK) and the explosive used (FS), preferably in the form of the mixture (DM) are introduced into the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12), in each case based on the total amount of hollow bodies used (HK) and the explosive (FS) or the mixture used (DM) ,
- the hollow bodies (HK) and the explosive (FS) are introduced exclusively into the quasi-horizontal section (12), preferably in the form of the mixture (DM).
- the present invention also relates to a method in which the main part of the hollow body (HK) and the explosive (FS) used in step b) is introduced into the quasi-horizontal part of the bore (12).
- a so-called coiled tubing (30) For this purpose, a flexible tube is inserted into the deflected bore (1).
- the coiled tubing (30), preferably the mixture (DM), is introduced into the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- the preferred mixture (DM) has a density (D DM ) which is greater than the density (D B F) of the borehole fluid (BF).
- D DM density
- D B F density
- Borehole fluid according to the invention is understood to mean the fluid which is present in the borehole before the beginning of the process according to the invention Procedure is present. These may be formation water, petroleum or mixtures / emulsions of formation water and petroleum.
- a rest phase is inserted. This rest period can be one hour to three days. Due to the rest phase, the hollow bodies (HK) float in the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- the state after floating of the hollow body (HK) is shown schematically in Figure 4.
- By floating the hollow body (HK) forms in the upper cross-sectional area of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) has a region which has a lower density.
- Based on the cross section is located in the lower part of the quasi-horizontal bore (12) mainly the explosives (FS).
- FS the explosives
- In the upper area relative to the cross section are mainly the hollow body (HK). This difference in density makes it possible to steer the detonation.
- the detonation energy propagates predominantly in the direction of the hollow bodies (HK), whereby a vertical fracturing of the surrounding rock of the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) is achieved.
- the state after the detonation is shown schematically in FIG.
- the mixture (DM) with a flowable stocking (7).
- the stocking serves to insulate the explosive (FS) in the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- a coiled tubing (30) as a stocking (7), first a preferably aqueous solution is introduced into the borehole.
- Flowable means that the trim (7) can be pumped into the deflected bore (1).
- the present invention also relates to a method in which in step b) prior to the introduction of the hollow body (HK) and the explosive (FS) a stocking (7) is introduced into the deflected bore.
- the aqueous solution used as stocking (7) also preferably has a higher density and viscosity than the wellbore fluid. This achieves effective displacement of the wellbore fluid.
- the density of the stocking can be adjusted as described above for adjusting the density of the explosive (FS). It may also be advantageous to adjust the viscosity of the stocking (7) by adding thickeners.
- the thickeners used for this purpose are the thickeners listed above for the explosive (FS), the statements and preferences applying accordingly.
- the length of the stocking (7) in the deflected hole is generally in the range of 5 to 50 meters. Also preferred is a part of the uncased or only provisionally stabilized with plastic pipes quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) filled with the stocking (7). As a result, damage to the cased with a casing (8), that is permanently stabilized portion of the bore (1) can be prevented.
- the explosive (FS) and the hollow bodies (HK) are introduced into the deflected bore (1) via the coiled tubing (30), preferably in the form of the mixture (DM).
- the density (D DM ) of the mixture (DM) and the viscosity are preferably higher than the density of the stocking (7).
- the mixture (DM) can be 5 to 50 vol .-% of the hollow body (HK) contained, based on the total volume of the mixture used in step b) (DM).
- the present invention also relates to a process in which in the mixture (DM) 5 to 50 vol .-% hollow body (HK) are included, based on the total volume of the mixture used in step b) (DM).
- the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) with hollow bodies (HK) and explosives (FS) is filled.
- HK hollow bodies
- FS explosives
- the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) can be completely filled with hollow bodies (HK) and explosive (FS). It is also possible to fill only parts of the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12). In addition, it is possible to serially fill portions of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12), for example by placing the trim (7), followed by introducing the mixture (DM), followed by reinserting a trim (7) and then Introduction of the mixture (DM). These steps can be repeated as often as you like. By introducing trim (7) and introducing the mixture (DM), the desired location at which the fracture is to take place in the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) can be precisely adjusted.
- a mixture (DM) which contains explosive (FS), hollow body (HK) and hollow body (HKn) is used in step b).
- the hollow bodies (HKn) have a density (D H Kn) which corresponds to the density (D FS ) of the explosive (FS).
- D H Kn density
- the hollow bodies (HKn) in the explosive (FS) have a neutral buoyancy and do not float.
- the Hollow bodies with neutral buoyancy (HKn) are thus evenly distributed in the mixture (DM) and do not float even after the resting phase.
- the present invention also relates to a method in which in step b) a mixture (DM) is used, which additionally contains hollow body (HKn) with a density (D H Kn), wherein (D H K) of the density (D FS ) of the explosive (FS).
- DM mixture
- HKn hollow body
- D H Kn density of the density of the explosive
- the present invention relates to a method in which in step b) a mixture (DM) is used, which additionally contains hollow body (HKn), which have a neutral buoyancy in the explosive (FS).
- DM mixture
- HKn hollow body
- FS neutral buoyancy in the explosive
- HKn hollow bodies
- positive buoyancy (HK) and neutral buoyancy (HKn) voids are dispersed in the explosive (FS) and co-introduced into the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) in step b).
- detonation is understood to mean the sudden conversion of the potential energy contained in the explosive (FS) to form a shock wave, with speeds of between 1,000 and 10,000 m / s in the shock wave, temperatures in the range of 2,500 to 6,000 ° C. and pressures in the region of 10,000 up to 300,000 bar can be achieved.
- FS potential energy contained in the explosive
- the explosive (FS) as stated above preferably contains an oxidizing agent such as ammonium nitrate or dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O) and a liquid fuel such as petroleum, gas condensate or kerosene.
- the explosive (FS) can also be used in the form of an aqueous emulsion.
- the preparation of the liquid explosive (FS) takes place underground by mixing the components with the addition of the hollow body (HK).
- the preferably used mixture (DM) is only at a local temperature rise to temperatures in the range of 600 to 1200 ° C detonationsdoc. Thus, day-to-day handling is safe in compliance with legal regulations and occupational safety regulations.
- the initiation of the detonation in process step c) is usually carried out by an igniter (24).
- an igniter 24
- a detonator chemical or electric igniter (24) can be used.
- Corresponding detonators are known and described, for example, in EP 1 046 879.
- the present invention also relates to a method in which in step c) the detonation is initiated by a chemical or electrical igniter (24).
- igniter (24) are preferably used autonomous detonator.
- the autonomous detonators (24) preferably have a time fuse, which initiates the detonation in method step c) after a period of 1 to 3 days.
- the igniter (24) can be introduced into the deflected bore (1) in method step c) together with the hollow bodies (HK) and the explosive (FS), preferably in the form of the mixture (DM). It is also possible to first introduce the hollow body (HK) and the explosive (FS) in the deflected part of the bore and in a downstream step the igniter (24) in the deflected bore (1), preferably in the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12), to place. In the event that a detonator (24), a time fuse is used, this is introduced by means of coiled tubing in the deflected bore. The timing fuse (24) is mechanically attached at the end of the coiled tubing and inserted into the bore.
- the detonator is placed in the flowable explosive (FS). It is also possible to introduce the detonator (24) with a rope in the Borhung. Under the action of gravity, the igniter then reaches the area of the well filled with the flowable explosive (FS).
- aqueous acid preferably aqueous hydrochloric acid
- magnesium granules in the form of an aqueous suspension can be introduced into the deflected bore (1) and subsequently mixed with aqueous acid in the deflected bore (1). This forms in the bore (1) an ignition mixture containing magnesium granules and aqueous acid.
- an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution can be used having a hydrochloric acid content in the range of 1 to 38 vol .-%, preferably in the range of 10 to 25 vol .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 20 vol .-%.
- hydrochloric acid with magnesium hydrogen and heat are generated according to the following reaction equation
- the detonation energy is directed mainly vertically.
- the detonation forms a fracture zone (6) with numerous fractures (9) in the surrounding rock of the quasi-horizontal bore (12).
- a schematic representation of the state after the detonation is shown in FIG.
- the length of the fracture zone (6) corresponds to the length of the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12), which was filled with the mixture (DM).
- the fracture zone (6) has an elliptical shape.
- the fracture zone (6) lies above the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) which has been destroyed. In this way, in particular dense non-productive intermediate layers (23) are destroyed, which have separated the productive layers (2a) of the deposit (2) from each other. As a result, the hydrodynamic communication of adjacent productive layers (2a) is significantly improved.
- the direction / direction of the detonation primarily destroys rock formations and non-productive intermediate layers (23) which lie above the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12).
- the rock below the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) is only minimally destroyed in the inventive method. This will not damage the strata separating the productive strata (2a) of the deposit (2) from the underlying formation water. This effectively prevents dilution of the fracture zone (6) from the formation-water-bearing layers.
- a perforated tube can be introduced in the quasi-horizontal section of the bore (12) from which the fracturing zone (6) has formed, for stabilization purposes.
- FIG. 1 vertical section of the deflected bore
- Figure 7 a cross-section of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore (12) in the as
- FIG. 8a shows a cross section of a hermetic tube section (10) with partial coating
- FIG. 8b Cross-section of a hermetic tube section (10) with partial coating
- FIG. 9 Development scheme of an ore deposit
- Figure 1 shows a vertical section through the deflected bore 1 with the quasi-vertical portion of the bore 1 1 and the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12, which is located in the lower region of the deposit 2.
- FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through the deflected bore 1.
- the quasi-vertical section of the bore 11 and parts of the quasi-horizontal section of the bore 12 are stabilized with a casing 8.
- the quasi-horizontal section of the Bore 12 is filled with the explosive (FS) 3, the hollow body (HK) contains.
- the explosive (FS) 3, the igniter 24 was introduced.
- the explosive (FS) 3 is dammed with a stocking 7.
- a portion of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12 is also filled with the stocking 7.
- Figure 3 shows a cross section of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12, which is filled with the explosive (FS) 3, the spherical hollow body 4, filled.
- FIG. 3 shows the state directly after the filling of the quasi-horizontal section of the bore 12 in the deposit 2.
- the hollow bodies (HK) 4 are evenly distributed in the explosive (FS) 3.
- FIG. 4 shows the quasi-horizontal section of the bore 12 after the resting phase. Due to the positive buoyancy of the hollow body (HK) 4, these are floated in the explosive (FS) 3 and are mainly in the upper region of the cross section of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12. This results in the upper portion of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12th an area of lesser density.
- Figure 5 shows a cross section of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12, in which in addition to the spherical hollow bodies (HK) 4 with positive buoyancy and spherical hollow body (HK) 5 were used with neutral buoyancy.
- FIG. 6 shows the cross section of the quasi-horizontal section of the bore 12 after the detonation.
- the dashed circle with the reference numeral 13 describes the point at which the cross section of the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12 was located before the blasting.
- FIG. 6 shows the fracturing zone 6 that has arisen due to the detonation.
- the fracture zone 6 has an elliptical cross-section with a vertical extension.
- the fracture zone 6 resulting from the detonation is located mainly above the former quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12 (illustrated by reference numeral 13 in FIG. 6).
- FIG. 7a shows an embodiment in which in the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12, a tubular hollow body (HK) 10 and explosive (FS) 3 has been introduced.
- FIG. 7b shows an embodiment in which a plastic tube 10 with a partial coating 20 has been introduced as a hollow body (HK) into the quasi-horizontal section of the bore 12.
- the plastic pipe 10 is not fixed in the quasi-horizontal portion of the bore 12 but floats in the explosive (FS) 3.
- the buoyancy direction is symbolized by the black arrows.
- FIGs 8a and 8b show particular embodiments of the tubular hollow body (HK) 10 with internal or external partial coating of metal (steel or metal alloys).
- FIG. 9 shows a development scheme of an ore deposit 25 for metal extraction.
- an injection well 26 and two production wells 27 are sunk.
- the quasi-horizontal sections of the injection well 26 and the production wells 27 were gefract with the inventive method.
- the fissured zones 61 and 62 were formed in the ore deposit 25.
- a Laugeflutat 28 is pressed.
- the leachate solution 28 moves from the fissured zone 61 towards the fissured zones 62 (symbolized by the unfilled arrows in FIG. 9).
- the liquor flooding solution 28 accumulates with the metal to be recovered in the form of soluble salts. This creates the productive solution 29 which is enriched with the metal to be recovered.
- the productive solution 29 which is enriched with the metal to be recovered.
- Figures 10a, 10b and 10c show the phases for carrying out the method steps a) and b) according to the invention.
- Figure 10a the coiled tubing
- FIG. 10b shows the introduction of the liquid explosive (FS) 3 and the hollow body (HK) into the quasi-horizontal section of the bore 12.
- the explosive (FS) 3 and the hollow body (HK) are introduced in the form of the detonatable mixture (DM). likewise via the coiled tubing 30. In this way, the stocking 7 is displaced, which in turn displaces the borehole liquid 71.
- FIG. 10c shows the state after introduction of the igniter 24 into the explosive (FS) 3, which contains the hollow bodies (HK) after removal of the coiled tubing 30.
- FIG. 10c shows the state immediately before the initiation of the detonation according to method step c).
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/430,998 US20150252662A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Process For Directed Fracking Of An Underground Formation Into Which At Least One Directional Well Has Been Sunk |
EP13766358.9A EP2906781A1 (de) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Verfahren zum gerichteten fracen einer unterirdischen formation, in die mindestens eine abgelenkte bohrung abgeteuft ist |
EA201590643A EA201590643A1 (ru) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Способ направленного гидроразрыва подземной формации, в которой пробурена по меньшей мере одна наклонно направленная скважина |
CA2882933A CA2882933A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Process for directed fracking of an underground formation into which at least one directional well has been sunk |
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EP12186274.2 | 2012-09-27 | ||
EP12186274 | 2012-09-27 |
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US (1) | US20150252662A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2906781A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2882933A1 (de) |
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CN114034217A (zh) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆大学 | 一种基于切槽的乳化炸药爆破定向造缝切顶方法 |
CN117888862B (zh) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-05-17 | 贵州大学 | 原位大面积钻空建炉煤炭气化及煤油和/或煤层气同采方法 |
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- 2013-09-25 WO PCT/EP2013/070009 patent/WO2014049017A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-09-25 US US14/430,998 patent/US20150252662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-09-25 CA CA2882933A patent/CA2882933A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-09-25 EP EP13766358.9A patent/EP2906781A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2882933A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
EP2906781A1 (de) | 2015-08-19 |
US20150252662A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
EA201590643A1 (ru) | 2015-09-30 |
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