WO2014045988A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014045988A1 WO2014045988A1 PCT/JP2013/074637 JP2013074637W WO2014045988A1 WO 2014045988 A1 WO2014045988 A1 WO 2014045988A1 JP 2013074637 W JP2013074637 W JP 2013074637W WO 2014045988 A1 WO2014045988 A1 WO 2014045988A1
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- liquid crystal
- light
- region
- display device
- crystal display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0215—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having a regular structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which the scattering property of the light control film is uniform for each pixel.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a light source, a liquid crystal panel that modulates light emitted from the light source, and a light control film that is disposed closer to the viewer than the liquid crystal panel and uses total reflection.
- the light control film has a light-transmitting base material, a light shielding layer and a light diffusion portion formed on one side of the base material, and the pattern of the light shielding layer has anisotropy, The longitudinal direction of the pattern intersects the longitudinal direction of one region that makes the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel substantially equal.
- the longitudinal direction of the pattern is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of one region that makes the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel substantially equal.
- the interval between the patterns is shorter than the length of the region.
- liquid crystal display device of the present invention it is preferable that two opposite sides of the pattern are included in the region.
- the region is preferably a region having the same transmission spectrum.
- the region is a region in which the wavelength range of transmitted light is substantially equal.
- the region is a region where the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is regulated in substantially one direction.
- the region is a region that is driven by a common voltage in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is regulated in substantially one direction.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device in which a difference in diffusion characteristics for each region that makes the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel substantially equal is small and uniform display can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment includes a backlight 2 (light source), a first polarizing plate 3, a liquid crystal panel 6 having a liquid crystal panel 4 and a second polarizing plate 5, and a light control film 7 (viewing angle expanding member, Light diffusing member).
- the liquid crystal panel 4 is schematically illustrated as a single plate, but the detailed structure thereof will be described later.
- the observer sees the display from the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 1 in FIG. 1 where the light control film 7 is disposed. Therefore, in the following description, the side on which the light control film 7 is disposed is referred to as a viewing side, and the side on which the backlight 2 is disposed is referred to as a back side.
- the light emitted from the backlight 2 is modulated by the liquid crystal panel 4, and a predetermined image, character, or the like is displayed by the modulated light. Further, when the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 4 passes through the light control film 7, the angle distribution of the emitted light becomes wider than before entering the light control film 7, and the light is emitted from the light control film 7. The Thereby, the observer can visually recognize the display with a wide viewing angle.
- liquid crystal panel 4 an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel is exemplified as the liquid crystal panel 4, but the liquid crystal panel applicable to the present invention is not limited to the active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel.
- the liquid crystal panel applicable to the present invention may be, for example, a transflective (transmissive / reflective) liquid crystal panel or a reflective liquid crystal panel.
- each pixel is a switching thin film transistor (Thin Film Transistor, hereinafter).
- TFT Thin Film Transistor
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 includes a TFT substrate 9 as a switching element substrate, a color filter substrate 10 disposed so as to face the TFT substrate 9, and the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10. And a sandwiched liquid crystal layer 11.
- the liquid crystal layer 11 is surrounded by a TFT substrate 9, a color filter substrate 10, and a frame-shaped seal member (not shown) that bonds the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 at a predetermined interval. It is enclosed in the space.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 performs display in, for example, a VA (Vertical Alignment, vertical alignment) mode, and a vertical alignment liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is used for the liquid crystal layer 11.
- a spherical spacer 12 is disposed between the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 to keep the distance between these substrates constant.
- the display mode is not limited to the VA mode described above, and a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, or the like can be used.
- a plurality of pixels as a minimum unit region for display are arranged in a matrix.
- a plurality of source bus lines (not shown) are formed on the TFT substrate 9 so as to extend in parallel with each other, and a plurality of gate bus lines (not shown) extend in parallel with each other, And it is formed so as to be orthogonal to a plurality of source bus lines. Therefore, on the TFT substrate 9, a plurality of source bus lines and a plurality of gate bus lines are formed in a lattice pattern, and a rectangular region partitioned by adjacent source bus lines and adjacent gate bus lines is one. One pixel.
- the source bus line is connected to the source electrode of the TFT described later, and the gate bus line is connected to the gate electrode of the TFT.
- a TFT 19 having a semiconductor layer 15, a gate electrode 16, a source electrode 17, a drain electrode 18, and the like is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 14 constituting the TFT substrate 9 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- the transparent substrate 14 for example, a glass substrate can be used.
- a semiconductor layer 15 is formed.
- a gate insulating film 20 is formed on the transparent substrate 14 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 15.
- a material of the gate insulating film 20 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
- a gate electrode 16 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to face the semiconductor layer 15.
- a laminated film of W (tungsten) / TaN (tantalum nitride), Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), or the like is used.
- a first interlayer insulating film 21 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to cover the gate electrode 16.
- a material of the first interlayer insulating film 21 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
- a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21.
- the source electrode 17 is connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 22 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- the drain electrode 18 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 23 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- the same conductive material as that for the gate electrode 16 is used.
- a second interlayer insulating film 24 is formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21 so as to cover the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
- the same material as the first interlayer insulating film 21 described above or an organic insulating material is used.
- a pixel electrode 25 is formed on the second interlayer insulating film 24.
- the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain electrode 18 through a contact hole 26 that penetrates the second interlayer insulating film 24. Therefore, the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 using the drain electrode 18 as a relay electrode.
- a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) is used.
- An alignment film 27 is formed on the entire surface of the second interlayer insulating film 24 so as to cover the pixel electrode 25.
- This alignment film 27 has an alignment regulating force for vertically aligning liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
- the form of the TFT may be the top gate type TFT shown in FIG. 2 or the bottom gate type TFT.
- a black matrix 30, a color filter 31, a planarization layer 32, a counter electrode 33, and an alignment film 34 are sequentially formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- the black matrix 30 has a function of blocking light transmission in an inter-pixel region, and a metal such as a Cr (chromium) or Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film or carbon particles is dispersed in a photosensitive resin. It is formed of a photoresist.
- the color filter 31 includes dyes of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and one pixel electrode 25 on the TFT substrate 9 is any one of R, G, and B. Two color filters 31 are arranged to face each other.
- the flattening layer 32 is made of an insulating film that covers the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31, and has a function of smoothing and flattening a step formed by the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
- a counter electrode 33 is formed on the planarization layer 32. As the material of the counter electrode 33, a transparent conductive material similar to that of the pixel electrode 25 is used. Further, an alignment film 34 having a vertical alignment regulating force is formed on the entire surface of the counter electrode 33.
- the color filter 31 may have a multicolor configuration of three or more colors of R, G, and B.
- the backlight 2 includes a light source 36 such as a light emitting diode and a cold cathode tube, and a light guide plate 37 that emits light toward the liquid crystal panel 4 using internal reflection of light emitted from the light source 36. ,have.
- the backlight 2 may be an edge light type in which a light source is disposed on an end face of a light guide, or may be a direct type in which a light source is disposed directly below the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the directional backlight can be realized by optimizing the shape and arrangement of the reflection pattern formed in the light guide plate 37.
- a first polarizing plate 3 that functions as a polarizer is provided between the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal panel 4.
- a second polarizing plate 5 that functions as an analyzer is provided between the liquid crystal panel 4 and the light control film 7.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the light control film 7.
- the light control film 7 includes a base material 39, a plurality of black layers (light-shielding layers) 40 formed on one surface (surface opposite to the viewing side) 39a, and a black layer. 40 and the light diffusion part 41 formed on the same surface 39 a side of the same base material 39 as the 40.
- the light control film 7 has a posture in which the side where the light diffusing portion 41 is provided faces the second polarizing plate 5 and the base 39 side faces the viewing side. Is placed on top.
- the base material 39 examples include transparent resin base materials such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethersulfone (PES) film. Is preferably used.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PC polycarbonate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- the base material 39 serves as a base when a material for the black layer 41 and the light diffusion portion 40 is applied later in the manufacturing process described later.
- the base material 39 has heat resistance and mechanical strength in a heat treatment step during the manufacturing process. It is necessary to prepare. Therefore, as the base material 39, a glass base material or the like may be used in addition to the resin base material. However, it is preferable that the thickness of the base material 39 is as thin as possible without impairing heat resistance and mechanical strength.
- the total light transmittance of the base material 39 is preferably 90% or more as defined in JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- a transparent resin substrate having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is used as an example.
- the black layer 40 has, for example, an elliptical shape when viewed from the viewing side, and is randomly disposed on one surface 39a of the base material 39 as viewed from the viewing side, as shown in FIG.
- the x axis is defined as the horizontal direction of the screen of the liquid crystal panel 4
- the y axis is defined as the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal panel 4
- the z axis is defined as the thickness direction of the liquid crystal display device 1.
- the black layer 40 is made of an organic material having light absorption and photosensitivity such as a black resist.
- a metal film such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film may be used.
- the thickness of the black layer 40 is set to be smaller than the height from the light incident end surface 41b of the light diffusing portion 41 to the light emitting end surface 41a. Further, in the gap between the plurality of light diffusion portions 41, the black layer 40 exists in a portion in contact with the one surface 39 a of the base material 39, and air exists in other portions.
- the light diffusion portion 41 is formed in a region other than the formation region of the black layer 40 on the one surface 39 a of the base material 39.
- the light diffusing portion 41 is made of an organic material having optical transparency and photosensitivity such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin. Further, the total light transmittance of the light diffusing portion 41 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- the light diffusing portion 41 has a small area of the light exit end face 41a and a large area of the light incident end face 41b, and a horizontal cross section from the base material 39 side to the opposite side of the base material 39. The area of is gradually increasing. That is, the light diffusing portion 41 has a so-called reverse tapered shape when viewed from the base material 39 side.
- the black layer 40 has a tapered shape when viewed from the base material 39 side.
- the light diffusion portion 41 is a portion that contributes to light transmission in the light control film 7. That is, the light incident on the light diffusing unit 41 is totally reflected by the tapered side surface 41 c of the light diffusing unit 41 and is guided and emitted while being substantially confined inside the light diffusing unit 41. Since the light diffusion portion 41 is formed in a region other than the formation region of the black layer 40 on one surface 39a of the base material 39, as shown in FIG. ing.
- the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusing portion 41 are substantially equal. The reason is that, for example, if the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusing portion 41 are greatly different, the light incident from the light incident end surface 41b is emitted from the light diffusing portion 41. This is because unnecessary refraction or reflection of light occurs at the interface between the diffusing portion 41 and the base material 39, which may cause problems such as failure to obtain a desired viewing angle and a reduction in the amount of emitted light.
- the light control film 7 is disposed so that the base material 39 faces the viewing side. Therefore, the smaller one of the two opposing surfaces of the frustoconical light diffusion portion 41 has a smaller area.
- the surface becomes the light emitting end surface 41a, and the surface with the larger area becomes the light incident end surface 41b.
- an inclination angle of the side surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is about 80 ° as an example.
- the inclination angle of the side surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is not particularly limited as long as it is an angle that can sufficiently diffuse incident light when emitted from the light control film 7.
- the light diffusion portion 41 is formed of, for example, a transparent acrylic resin
- the side surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is transparent acrylic. It becomes the interface between resin and air.
- the difference in refractive index between the inside and the outside of the light diffusing portion 41 is that any low refractive index material exists outside. The maximum is when air is present. Therefore, according to Snell's law, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the critical angle is the smallest, and the incident angle range in which light is totally reflected by the side surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is the widest. As a result, light loss is further suppressed, and high luminance can be obtained.
- the black layer (light shielding layer) 40 has an elliptical shape when viewed from the viewing side, and the longitudinal direction of the black layer (light shielding layer) 40 and the liquid crystal panel 4. , The longitudinal direction of one region 50 that makes the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel substantially equal intersects. Note that one region 50 that substantially equalizes the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel will be described later.
- the light diffusion layer 41 on the black layer 40 has a tapered shape when viewed from the base material 39 side, the light diffusion direction is different between the upper surface 40a and the lower surface 40b of the black layer 40. Yes.
- the display of the liquid crystal display device 1 is also uniform.
- the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the region 50 because the diffusion characteristics are easily uniformed (the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 and the longitudinal direction of the region 50 are orthogonal to each other). Are preferred).
- the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 and the longitudinal direction of the region 50 are parallel without the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 and the longitudinal direction of the region 50 intersecting each other. explain.
- (a) since the black layer 40 does not substantially exist in the region 50, light is not diffused.
- (b) most of the region 50 is covered with the black layer 40, so that the diffusion of light is strong and the transmittance is low.
- (c) only the upper surface of the black layer 40 overlaps the region 50 and there is light distribution in the upper surface direction of the black layer 40, but there is no light distribution in the lower surface direction of the black layer 40, and the characteristics are asymmetric. .
- the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 and the longitudinal direction of the region 50 are parallel, the difference in the diffusion characteristics increases for each region 50, and uniform display cannot be obtained.
- the arrangement of the black layer 40 with respect to the region 50 is not limited to the case where the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 and the longitudinal direction of the region 50 are orthogonal to each other. If the longitudinal direction of the region 50 intersects, the effect of making the diffusion characteristics uniform can be obtained.
- the orientation and position of the black layer 40 may be random for the purpose of moire due to interference with the region 50 and uniform characteristics.
- the two opposite oval sides of the black layer 40 are included in the region 50. Thereby, at least a part of the upper surface and the lower surface of the black layer 40 is disposed in the region 50, so that the difference in diffusion characteristics for each region 50 is reduced, and uniform display is easily obtained.
- the distance (pitch) d between the black layers 40 is preferably shorter than the length of the region 50 in the longitudinal direction. Thereby, at least a part of the upper surface and the lower surface of the black layer 40 is disposed in the region 50, so that the difference in diffusion characteristics for each region 50 is reduced, and uniform display is easily obtained.
- the shape of the black layer 40 seen from the visual recognition side is any shape may be used as long as it has anisotropy.
- Examples of the shape of the black layer 40 include a rectangular shape and a diamond shape.
- region 50 a region having the same transmission spectrum, a region in which the wavelength range of transmitted light is substantially equal, a region in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is regulated in substantially one direction, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is regulated in substantially one direction, and common A region driven by a voltage of
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the alignment state of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 11.
- the conical portion is the liquid crystal 61.
- the pretilt directions of the liquid crystal 61 at the central portion in the layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 11 are different from each other.
- the change in the alignment state of the liquid crystal 61 occurs in a plane including the axis that forms 45 ° with the X axis and the Z axis.
- the tilting direction of the liquid crystal 61 is opposite to each other across a straight line passing through the center of the pixel electrode and parallel to the Z axis.
- the tilt direction of the liquid crystal 61 is opposite to each other across a straight line passing through the center of the pixel electrode and parallel to the Z axis.
- One of the domains 62 to 65 having such a relationship is a region having the same transmission spectrum, which is one of the regions 50 in the present embodiment. That is, in the present embodiment, the black layer 40 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 intersects one longitudinal direction of the domains 62 to 65.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing pixels in the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the pixel 70 includes a red segment 70R, a green segment 70G, and a blue segment 70B.
- the red segment 70 ⁇ / b> R, the green segment 70 ⁇ / b> G, or the blue segment 70 ⁇ / b> B is a region that is one of the regions 50 and has substantially the same wavelength range of transmitted light. That is, in the present embodiment, the black layer 40 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 intersects one longitudinal direction of the red segment 70R, the green segment 70G, or the blue segment 70B.
- the case where the pixel 70 is configured by the red segment 70R, the green segment 70G, and the blue segment 70B is illustrated.
- the present embodiment is not limited to this, and the pixel is a red segment, a green segment.
- the segment may be composed of a blue segment and a yellow segment, or the pixel may be composed of a red segment, a green segment, a blue segment, a yellow segment and a cyan segment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating sub-pixels of the liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display device 80 has two subpixel electrodes 94a and 94b connected to different signal lines 92a and 92b through corresponding TFTs 93a and 93b, respectively.
- the gates of the TFTs 93a and 93b constituting the sub-pixels 90a and 90b are connected to a common scanning line (gate / bus line) 95 and are controlled to be turned on / off by the same scanning signal. ) Since they are different from 92a and 92b, the sub-pixels 90a and 90b can be controlled to completely different voltages.
- the subpixel corresponding to each of the subpixel electrodes 94a and 94b is set as one of the regions 50, in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is regulated in substantially one direction and driven by a common voltage. . That is, in the present embodiment, the black layer 40 is disposed so that the longitudinal direction of the black layer 40 intersects the longitudinal direction of the subpixel corresponding to each of the subpixel electrodes 94a and 94b.
- the present embodiment the case where the liquid crystal display device has two subpixels is illustrated, but the present embodiment is not limited to this, and the liquid crystal display device has three or more subpixels. May be. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, when the subpixel is divided into domains having different liquid crystal alignment states, the number of domains is the number of subpixels ⁇ the number of domains of each subpixel. Each of the domains may be a region 50.
- the present invention can be widely used in the technical field of liquid crystal display devices.
- SYMBOLS 1 Liquid crystal display device, 2 ... Backlight (light source), 3 ... 1st polarizing plate, 4 ... Liquid crystal panel, 5 ... 2nd polarizing plate, 6 ... Liquid crystal display body , 7 ... Light control film, 9 ... TFT substrate, 10 ... Color filter substrate, 11 ... Liquid crystal layer, 12 ... Spacer, 14 ... Transparent substrate, 15 ... Semiconductor layer , 16 ... gate electrode, 17 ... source electrode, 18 ... drain electrode, 19 ... TFT, 20 ... gate insulating film, 21 ... first interlayer insulating film, 22, 23, 26 ... contact hole, 24 ... second interlayer insulating film, 25 ...
- pixel electrode 27 ... alignment film, 29 ... transparent substrate, 30 ... black matrix, 31 ... color Filter 32. Flattening layer 33.
- Counter electrode 34 Alignment film 3 ... Light source, 37 ... Light guide plate, 39 ... Substrate, 40 ... Black layer (light-shielding layer), 41 ... Light diffusion part, 50 ... Area, 61 ... Liquid crystal, 62 63, 64, 65 ... domain, 70 ... pixel, 80 ... liquid crystal display device, 92a, 92b ... signal line, 93a, 93b ... TFT, 94a, 94b ... sub-pixel Electrode, 95... Scanning line.
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- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
なお、本実施の形態は、発明の趣旨をより良く理解させるために具体的に説明するものであり、特に指定のない限り、本発明を限定するものではない。
なお、以下の全ての図面においては、各構成要素を見やすくするため、構成要素によって寸法の縮尺を異ならせて示すことがある。
図1は、液晶表示装置の実施形態を示す縦断面図である。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置1は、バックライト2(光源)、第1偏光板3、液晶パネル4および第2偏光板5を有する液晶表示体6と、光制御フィルム7(視野角拡大部材、光拡散部材)とから概略構成されている。
図1では、液晶パネル4を模式的に1枚の板状に図示しているが、その詳細な構造については後述する。観察者は、光制御フィルム7が配置された図1における液晶表示装置1の上側から表示を見ることになる。よって、以下の説明では、光制御フィルム7が配置された側を視認側と称し、バックライト2が配置された側を背面側と称する。
ここでは、液晶パネル4として、アクティブマトリクス方式の透過型液晶パネルを例示するが、本発明に適用可能な液晶パネルは、アクティブマトリクス方式の透過型液晶パネルに限定されるものではない。本発明に適用可能な液晶パネルは、例えば、半透過型(透過・反射兼用型)液晶パネルや反射型液晶パネルであってもよく、さらには、各画素がスイッチング用薄膜トランジスタ(Thin Film Transisitor、以下、「TFT」と略す。)を備えていない単純マトリクス方式の液晶パネルであってもよい。
液晶パネル4は、図2に示すように、スイッチング素子基板としてのTFT基板9と、TFT基板9に対向して配置されたカラーフィルター基板10と、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10との間に挟持された液晶層11と、を有している。液晶層11は、TFT基板9と、カラーフィルター基板10と、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10とを所定の間隔をおいて貼り合わせる枠状のシール部材(図示せず)と、によって囲まれた空間内に封入されている。液晶パネル4は、例えば、VA(Vertical Alignment、垂直配向)モードで表示を行うものであり、液晶層11には誘電率異方性が負の垂直配向液晶が用いられる。TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10との間には、これら基板間の間隔を一定に保持するための球状のスペーサー12が配置されている。なお、表示モードについては、上記のVAモードに限らず、TN(Twisted Nematic)モード、STN(Super Twisted Nematic)モード、IPS(In-Plane Switching)モード等を用いることができる。
ゲート絶縁膜20上には、半導体層15と対向するようにゲート電極16が形成されている。ゲート電極16の材料としては、例えばW(タングステン)/TaN(窒化タンタル)の積層膜、Mo(モリブデン)、Ti(チタン)、Al(アルミニウム)等が用いられる。
第1層間絶縁膜21の材料としては、例えば、シリコン酸化膜、シリコン窒化膜、もしくは、これらの積層膜等が用いられる。
第1層間絶縁膜21上に、ソース電極17およびドレイン電極18が形成されている。
ソース電極17は、第1層間絶縁膜21とゲート絶縁膜20とを貫通するコンタクトホール22を介して半導体層15のソース領域に接続されている。同様に、ドレイン電極18は、第1層間絶縁膜21とゲート絶縁膜20とを貫通するコンタクトホール23を介して半導体層15のドレイン領域に接続されている。
ソース電極17およびドレイン電極18の材料としては、上述のゲート電極16と同様の導電性材料が用いられる。
第1層間絶縁膜21上に、ソース電極17およびドレイン電極18を覆うように第2層間絶縁膜24が形成されている。
第2層間絶縁膜24の材料としては、上述の第1層間絶縁膜21と同様の材料、もしくは、有機絶縁性材料が用いられる。
画素電極25の材料としては、例えば、ITO(Indium Tin Oxide、インジウム錫酸化物)、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide、インジウム亜鉛酸化物)等の透明導電性材料が用いられる。
この構成により、ゲートバスラインを通じて走査信号が供給され、TFT19がオン状態となったときに、ソースバスラインを通じてソース電極17に供給された画像信号が、半導体層15、ドレイン電極18を経て画素電極25に供給される。また、画素電極25を覆うように第2層間絶縁膜24上の全面に配向膜27が形成されている。この配向膜27は、液晶層11を構成する液晶分子を垂直配向させる配向規制力を有している。なお、TFTの形態としては、図2に示したトップゲート型TFTであってもよいし、ボトムゲート型TFTであってもよい。
ブラックマトリクス30は、画素間領域において光の透過を遮断する機能を有しており、Cr(クロム)やCr/酸化Crの多層膜等の金属、もしくは、カーボン粒子を感光性樹脂に分散させたフォトレジストで形成されている。
カラーフィルター31には、赤色(R)、緑色(G)、青色(B)の各色の色素が含まれており、TFT基板9上の一つの画素電極25にR,G,Bのいずれか一つのカラーフィルター31が対向して配置されている。
平坦化層32は、ブラックマトリクス30およびカラーフィルター31を覆う絶縁膜で構成されており、ブラックマトリクス30およびカラーフィルター31によってできる段差を緩和して平坦化する機能を有している。
平坦化層32上には対向電極33が形成されている。対向電極33の材料としては、画素電極25と同様の透明導電性材料が用いられる。
また、対向電極33上の全面に、垂直配向規制力を有する配向膜34が形成されている。
カラーフィルター31は、R、G、Bの3色以上の多色構成としても良い。
図3は、光制御フィルム7の縦断面図である。
光制御フィルム7は、図3に示すように、基材39と、基材39の一面(視認側と反対側の面)39aに形成された複数の黒色層(遮光層)40と、黒色層40と同じ基材39の一面39a側に形成された光拡散部41とから概略構成されている。
この光制御フィルム7は、図1に示すように、光拡散部41が設けられた側を第2偏光板5に向け、基材39の側を視認側に向けた姿勢で第2偏光板5上に配置されている。
基材39は、後述する製造プロセスにおいて、後で黒色層41や光拡散部40の材料を塗布する際の下地となるものであり、製造プロセス中の熱処理工程における耐熱性と機械的強度とを備える必要がある。したがって、基材39には、樹脂製の基材の他、ガラス製の基材等を用いてもよい。ただし、基材39の厚さは耐熱性や機械的強度を損なわない程度に薄い方が好ましい。その理由は、基材39の厚さが厚くなる程、表示のボヤケが生じるおそれがあるからである。
また、基材39の全光線透過率は、JIS K7361-1の規定で90%以上が好ましい。全光線透過率が90%以上であると、十分な透明性が得られる。本実施形態では、一例として厚さが100μmの透明樹脂製基材を用いる。
黒色層40は、一例として、ブラックレジスト等の光吸収性および感光性を有する有機材料で構成されている。このほか、Cr(クロム)やCr/酸化Crの多層膜等の金属膜を用いてもよい。黒色層40の層厚は、光拡散部41の光入射端面41bから光射出端面41aまでの高さよりも小さく設定されている。また、複数の光拡散部41間の間隙には、基材39の一面39aに接する部分に黒色層40が存在し、それ以外の部分に空気が存在している。
光拡散部41は、例えば、アクリル樹脂やエポキシ樹脂等の光透過性および感光性を有する有機材料で構成されている。また、光拡散部41の全光線透過率は、JIS K7361-1の規定で90%以上が好ましい。全光線透過率が90%以上であると、十分な透明性が得られる。図4(A)に示すように、光拡散部41は、光射出端面41aの面積が小さく、光入射端面41bの面積が大きく、基材39側から基材39と反対側に向けて水平断面の面積が徐々に大きくなっている。すなわち、光拡散部41は、基材39側から見たとき、いわゆる逆テーパ状の形状を有している。一方、黒色層40は、基材39側から見たとき、テーパ状の形状を有している。
なお、液晶パネルの特性を略等しくする1つの領域50については、後述する。
図4では、多少のばらつきがあるものの、黒色層40の上面と下面の少なくとも一部が領域50内に配置されるので、領域50ごとの拡散特性の差が小さくなり、均一な表示が得られやすくなる。
また、拡散特性の均一化を図りやすい点から、黒色層40の長手方向が、領域50の長手方向に対して垂直である(黒色層40の長手方向と、領域50の長手方向とが直交している)ことが好ましい。
(a)では、領域50内に黒色層40がほぼ存在しないため、光が拡散されない。(b)では、領域50のほとんどが黒色層40で覆われ、光の拡散は強くなり、透過率が低くなる。(c)では、黒色層40の上面だけが領域50に重なっており、黒色層40の上面方向への配光はあるが、黒色層40の下面方向への配光がなく非対称な特性となる。このように、黒色層40の長手方向と、領域50の長手方向とを平行にすると、領域50ごとに拡散特性の差が大きくなってしまい、均一な表示が得られない。
また、黒色層40の楕円形状の相対する2辺は、領域50に含まれることが好ましい。
これにより、黒色層40の上面と下面の少なくとも一部が領域50内に配置されるので、領域50ごとの拡散特性の差が小さくなり、均一な表示が得られやすくなる。
領域50としては、同じ透過スペクトルを有する領域、透過する光の波長域が略等しい領域、液晶の配向方向が略一方向に規制された領域、液晶の配向方向が略一方向に規制され、共通の電圧で駆動される領域などが挙げられる。
液晶層11を構成する液晶セルのドメイン62~65では、液晶層11の層厚方向中央部の液晶61のプレチルト方向が互いに異なっている。ドメイン62~65では、液晶61の配向状態の変化は、X軸と45°をなす軸とZ軸とを含む平面内で生じる。ドメイン62とドメイン64では、液晶61の傾倒方向は、画素電極の中心を通りZ軸と平行な直線を挟んで互いに反対方向である。ドメイン63とドメイン65では、液晶61の傾倒方向は、画素電極の中心を通りZ軸と平行な直線を挟んで互いに反対方向である。
このような関係を有するドメイン62~65のうちの1つ(単独のドメイン)を、本実施形態における領域50の1つである、同じ透過スペクトルを有する領域とする。
すなわち、本実施形態では、黒色層40の長手方向と、ドメイン62~65のうちの1つの長手方向とが交差するように配置されている。
画素70は、赤色セグメント70R、緑色セグメント70Gおよび青色セグメント70Bから構成されている。
本実施形態では、赤色セグメント70R、緑色セグメント70Gまたは青色セグメント70Bを、領域50の1つである、透過する光の波長域が略等しい領域とする。
すなわち、本実施形態では、黒色層40の長手方向と、赤色セグメント70R、緑色セグメント70Gまたは青色セグメント70Bのうちの1つの長手方向とが交差するように配置されている。
なお、本実施形態では、画素70が赤色セグメント70R、緑色セグメント70Gおよび青色セグメント70Bから構成される場合を例示したが、本実施形態はこれに限定されるものではなく、画素が赤色セグメント、緑色セグメント、青色セグメントおよび黄色セグメントから構成されていてもよく、あるいは、画素が赤色セグメント、緑色セグメント、青色セグメント、黄色セグメントおよびシアン色セグメントから構成されていてもよい。
液晶表示装置80は、互いに異なる信号線92a,92bに、それぞれ対応するTFT93a,93bを介して接続された2つの副画素電極94a,94bを有している。
すなわち、本実施形態では、黒色層40の長手方向と、副画素電極94a,94bのそれぞれに対応する副画素の長手方向とが交差するように配置されている。
また、本実施形態において、図8に示すように、副画素が液晶の配向状態が異なるドメインに分割されている場合、ドメイン数は、副画素の数×各副画素のドメインの数となるが、その1つ1つのドメインを領域50としてもよい。
Claims (8)
- 光源と、前記光源から出射された光を変調する液晶パネルと、前記液晶パネルよりも視認者側に配置され、全反射を用いた光制御フィルムと、を備え、前記光制御フィルムは、光透過性を有する基材と、前記基材の一面側に形成された遮光層および光拡散部と、を有し、前記遮光層のパターンが異方性を有し、前記パターンの長手方向と、前記液晶パネルの特性を略等しくする1つの領域の長手方向とが交差していることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 前記パターンの長手方向が、前記液晶パネルの特性を略等しくする1つの領域の長手方向に対して垂直であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記パターンの間隔は、前記領域の長さよりも短いことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記パターンの相対する2辺は、前記領域に含まれることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記領域は、同じ透過スペクトルを有する領域であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記領域は、透過する光の波長域が略等しい領域であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記領域は、液晶の配向方向が略一方向に規制された領域であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記領域は、液晶の配向方向が略一方向に規制され、共通の電圧で駆動される領域であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
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WO2012053501A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | シャープ株式会社 | 光拡散部材およびその製造方法、表示装置 |
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WO2012053501A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | シャープ株式会社 | 光拡散部材およびその製造方法、表示装置 |
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