Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
  • G08B25/009—Signalling of the alarm condition to a substation whose identity is signalled to a central station, e.g. relaying alarm signals in order to extend communication range
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
  • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
  • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
  • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components

Definitions

• Fire detectors and a fire alarm panel the fire alarm panel is connected via a first network with fire detectors so that fire detector data can be transmitted from the fire alarms to the fire panel, the fire alarm and / or the fire alarm panel is designed to issue a fire alarm.
• the invention also relates to a fire network with a plurality of such fire alarm systems.
• fire detectors While in homes, fire detectors are often used as stand-alone solutions so that they isolate a subarea, e.g. monitor a house and only issue an alarm if a fire is detected in this subarea, it is common in larger building complexes to use networked fire detectors.
• the networking allows the fire detectors to exchange information with a fire alarm central unit so that an overview of the dangerous situation in the building complex can be formed.
• document DE 10 2008 042 391 A1 which is believed to be the closest prior art, discloses a fire safety device having an evaluation module and an input module, wherein the input module is coupled to a plurality of fire sensors, e.g.
• the Fire safety device can trigger different countermeasures when detecting a fire.
• a fire alarm system is proposed, which is suitable and / or designed for a surveillance area.
• the fire alarm system is used for automatic detection of fires in the surveillance area.
• the surveillance area may be formed as a contiguous or non-contiguous area in a complex.
• the fire alarm system in a building complex, in a warehouse, etc. arranged.
• the fire alarm system may also serve to accommodate larger public areas, such as To monitor stations, airports, etc. as a surveillance area.
• the fire alarm system comprises a plurality of fire detectors.
• the fire detectors are preferably designed as automated fire detectors.
• the fire detectors are designed to detect a fire automatically.
• the fire detectors to at least one sensor
• Detection of a fire such as an optical scattered light sensor, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor or a smoke density sensor, etc.
• the fire alarm system also includes exactly one or at least one fire alarm panel, the fire alarm panel is connected via a first network with the fire alarms.
• the fire alarm system is designed in such a way that fire detector data can be transmitted via the first network from the fire detectors to the fire alarm control panel.
• the fire panels are interconnected via another network, in particular a LAN.
• the fire detectors and / or the fire alarm panel are designed to issue a fire alarm.
• the output of the fire alarm can be done for example via a signal-related siren or optical warning device. It is also possible that the output of the fire alarm is forwarded to rescue workers via an interface.
• the fire alarm panel is connected via a second network with a monitor center
• the monitor center is suitable and / or designed for monitoring an installation and / or maintenance condition of the fire alarm and / or the fire panel.
• the monitor center can be designed as an automated monitor center, which performs the monitoring automated.
• the monitor center is designed as a person-based monitor center, with monitoring personnel is present, which monitors the installation and / or maintenance status of the fire alarm and / or the fire panel.
• the monitor center has human-machine interfaces, such as e.g.
• Computer workstations enabling monitoring to be carried out by surveillance personnel.
• the fire alarm system is divided into two areas viewed from the architecture.
• a first area which includes the fire detectors and the fire alarm control panel, is used to output the fire alarm.
• this first region is designed to have real-time capability, the real-time being defined by the fact that a reaction to a fire detected by one of the fire detectors takes place within less than 10 seconds.
• the fire alarm system comprises a second area which is suitable and / or designed for monitoring the installation and / or maintenance state of the first area. This second area does not have to meet the hard real-time requirement of the first area.
• a reaction to a detected, critical installation and / or maintenance state of the fire alarm and / or the fire panel at least in individual cases later than 15 minutes after detection, in particular later than 30 minutes after detection and in particular later than 60 minutes after detection.
• the first network be real-time capable of issuing the fire alarm without delay, whereas the demands on the second network may be lower.
• the second network is designed as an Internet connection at least in a connection section between the fire alarm control panel and the monitor center.
• Internet connections suffer in public networks now and again at connection failures, but this is tolerable in the monitoring of an installation and / or maintenance condition of the fire alarm and / or the fire panel. In this way, the fire alarm system is comparatively easy to install and operate.
• the second network has a private IP network in a connection section between the fire panel and the monitor center.
• private IP networks also called security networks - use ADSL, SDSL, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA +/- technology.
• the network partners are not accessible from the public Internet and thus protected against dangerous attacks from the global network.
• An example of such a private IP network is the Applicant's BOSINET-NGN.
• the monitor center is arranged decentrally and in particular more than 10 km, preferably more than 50 km and in particular more than 100 km away from the fire panel is located. This configuration is made possible only by the function separation fire supervision / installation and / or maintenance monitoring, since it is easy, installation and
• the first network connecting the fire detectors and the fire panel is formed as a security network.
• the first network is designed as a digital fieldbus system.
• the first network is called a LSN
• the LSN bus is designed as a 2-wire system which transmits information encoded via pulse width modulation.
• Such 2-wire lines in the first network have a very high security standard because they are available in different network topologies and different network monitoring mechanisms are known to detect creeping changes or disturbances.
• the fire detector data include environmental sensor data, component state data and / or operating state data:
• a scattered light intensity is emitted by a scattered light sensor in a fire detector, a temperature signal, etc., by a temperature sensor in a fire alarm.
• the environmental sensor data represents smoke densities, temperature values or gas densities.
• component state data is meant, in particular or exclusively, resting values of the sensors in the fire detectors, electrical voltages, currents and resistances of interface modules or batteries in the fire detectors and / or the supply lines as well as the evaluation of faulty data telegrams for evaluating the quality of the transmission lines in the first network.
• the logical states of the system components are detected. Changes in these logical states result, for example, from alarms, controls, configuration changes or when components are classified as faulty or faulty due to changes in the physical properties. It is further preferably provided that the fire alarm system is formed that fire detector data or processed fire detector data - hereinafter also collectively referred to as fire detector data - are transmitted via the fire panel to the monitor center.
• Fire alarm panel forms in this embodiment, a network node over which the above data are transmitted to the monitor center.
• the fire alarm data or processed fire alarm data is stored in a suitable data format and prepared for data transmission over the second network to the monitor center.
• the processed fire alarm data may be summaries of the fire alarm data.
• the monitor center is designed to detect slow, in particular only slow, changes in the fire detector data in order to monitor the installation and / or maintenance status.
• the monitor center is designed to detect drift changes in the fire detector data.
• Slow changes in the fire detector data are understood to mean changes which extend over a period of at least 15 minutes, preferably over a period of at least one hour and in particular over a period of several days.
• the monitor center is designed to detect rapid changes in the sensor data in order to monitor the installation and maintenance status.
• transient changes can also be detected.
• changes with a frequency between 1 hertz and 0.1 hertz are recorded.
• the monitor device is adapted to determine a periodic repetition of a pattern in the sensor data as a processing result.
• the fire detector data are applied as a data pattern and with Standard patterns are compared to detect significant deviations.
• a data pattern can be realized, for example, by plotting a 24-hour cycle of the fire detector data or partial data thereof.
• the standard patterns are recorded in normal operation. In this way, for example, continuous trends, such as increasing resistances, which give indications of the degradation or aging of a line or component, or a drift of resting values, which suggest increasing pollution, are possible.
• the monitor center is designed
• the fire detector data be at a sampling frequency of less than 0.002 Hertz, preferably less than 0.0006 Hertz, and more preferably less than 0.00002
• the monitor center is designed to detect contamination of the fire detector.
• pollution for example, the resting values of light sensors, e.g. in a scattered light sensor, constantly reduced. Reducing the levels of rest over several days or weeks can be an indication of increasing pollution, and thus of the need for replacement or cleaning. This way you can
• the monitor center monitors the change in voltage of a battery in a fire detector.
• batteries are often used as emergency power supply in fire detectors. Due to the constantly decreasing due to the self-discharge battery voltage can be concluded that a maintenance condition of the fire alarm.
• a maintenance condition of other components or modules of the fire detectors or the fire panel may be closed when certain values change over long periods of time.
• Maintenance intervals can already be carried out prophylactically. For example, it is no longer necessary to wait for a single fire alarm to indicate contamination and / or low battery voltage by outputting an optical signal. Rather, it is possible, before the fire detector itself detects this maintenance condition and outputs as an optical or other signal to identify in advance the pending maintenance case and to make the maintenance or replacement in good time before the signal is issued in the surveillance area. As a result, all fire detectors or fire alarm control panels of the fire alarm system can be serviced at longer intervals without having to use maintenance personnel for each individual maintenance case.
• signal changes within one day or within 24 hours are detected and compared with reference data sets to detect periodic irregularities.
• a temperature increase is detected, which can occur in extreme cases, even in the vicinity of a triggering temperature for an alarm.
• it can be determined via the monitor center that the associated fire detector is unfavorably positioned and should be moved during the next maintenance interval.
• unfavorable installation positions can be detected in smoke detectors when e.g. smoke occurs at certain times of the day in the surveillance area due to trucks or due to planned burns.
• Signal changes within 24 hours may also detect weekly changes (caused, for example, by effects of weekday and weekend change), monthly or yearly changes (e.g., seasonal effects). By this type of detection is thus an installation state of the fire alarm and / or the
• Fire alarm panel monitored Another object of the invention relates to a fire detector network, wherein the fire detector network comprises a plurality of fire alarm systems, as described above or according to one of the preceding claims.
• the fire detection network is characterized in that the fire alarm systems use a common monitor center.
• the fire alarm systems are arranged distributed locally, in particular from each other have a distance of at least 1 km, preferably of at least 10 km.
• the fire detection network comprises at least five such fire alarm systems.
• the architecture proposed by the invention thus makes it possible for the functions requiring real time, namely fire detection and alarm triggering, to be centrally regulated in the area of the fire alarm system.
• the function of the maintenance and installation condition monitoring is decentralized and can be taken over by a monitor center for several fire alarm systems. This architecture can thus be saved components of the fire detection network.
• Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fire alarm system as an embodiment of the invention
• Figure 2 is a graph for explaining the detection of maintenance conditions by the fire alarm system in Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a graph for explaining the detection of installation conditions by the fire alarm system in Figure 1;
• the fire alarm system 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a fire alarm system 1 as an embodiment of the invention.
• the fire alarm system 1 comprises a plurality of in particular automatic
• Fire detectors 2 which for monitoring a surveillance area 3 are arranged.
• the fire alarm system 1 comprises more than 100 or 500 fire detectors 2.
• the fire detectors 2 each have a fire sensor system, eg a temperature sensor, a scattered light sensor, a flue gas sensor, a fire gas sensor or other specific sensors.
• the fire detectors 2 each have a self-sufficient energy source, in particular a
• the fire detector 2 are connected via a first network 4 with a fire panel 5 signal technology.
• the first network 4 is for example as a
• the first network 4 is designed as an applicant's LSN network.
• the fire alarm panel 5 and / or the fire detector 2 are designed to issue a fire alarm.
• Speaker systems, optical signals, etc. is connected to output the fire alarm.
• the fire detectors 2, the fire alarm control panel 5 and the fire module 6 are arranged within or in the immediate vicinity of the surveillance area 3.
• the fire panel 5 has an output interface 7, which is designed to output the fire detector data B or processed fire alarm data B '.
• the output interface 7 is signal-connected via a second network 8 to a monitor center 9.
• the second network 8 may be a public Internet or a private IP network act. In particular, a larger distance, such as greater than 10 km, is bridged by the second network 8.
• the evaluation extends in particular to periods in which the fire detectors 2 and / or the fire alarm panel 5 and / or the fire detection module 6 in a normal state / monitoring state, if necessary repair condition, but not in an alarm condition.
• fire alarm 2 and / or the fire alarm panel 5 and / or the fire detection module 6 in a normal state / monitoring state, if necessary repair condition, but not in an alarm condition.
• fire alarm 2 and / or the fire alarm panel 5 and / or the fire detection module 6 in a normal state / monitoring state, if necessary repair condition, but not in an alarm condition.
• Fire detector module 6 in a monitoring state.
• the fire data B are evaluated in order to realize a monitoring of an installation and / or maintenance status of the fire detector 2 and / or the fire panel 5 in this way.
• Evaluation can be done for example via statistical methods.
• only slow changes in the fire detector data B are monitored, in particular changes that take place over a period of more than 10 minutes. Such slow changes indicate a change in the installation and / or
• the fire detector data B can be divided into three groups:
• Environmental sensor data includes data collected by the fire detecting sensors in the fire detectors 2. These are, in particular, measured values of temperature sensors, flue gas sensors, fire gas sensors, smoke gas density sensors or scattered light sensors.
• Component state data includes signals for self-monitoring of the components, in particular the fire detector 2. These include, for example, signal voltages at components, in particular at batteries in the fire detectors 2.
• Operating state data includes logical states of the components, in particular the fire detector 2, in particular with regard to the state monitoring / alarm case / maintenance. Since the evaluation by the monitor center 9 is not time-critical, the second network 8 and the monitor center 9 form a second area II, which must have lower real-time requirements. So it is quite tolerable in the area II that signals are sampled only very slowly, for example, with a sampling frequency less than 0.0001 Hertz, or that delays in the signal transmission of greater than 15 minutes occur.
• FIG. 2 shows a possible application of the fire alarm system 1 in the form of a diagram, wherein a time t in months is plotted on the X axis and a signal level I, for example in volts, is plotted on the Y axis.
• a waveform 10 may represent, for example, a battery voltage at one of the fire detectors 2, which slowly decreases due to the self-discharge of the battery over the period of a year.
• the waveform 10 may also include a quiescent signal, e.g. represent an optical sensor in the fire detector 2, which steadily decreases due to pollution. In both applications mentioned may indeed be an internal monitoring in the
• Fire detector 2 or in the fire panel 5 are realized. Usually, an alarm is then output when falling below the lower limit value G2 and called, for example, a maintenance personnel who cleans the fire detector 2 or exchanges the battery.
• a maintenance personnel who cleans the fire detector 2 or exchanges the battery.
• the maintenance staff is advised that a maintenance in the near future, for example in the next three months will be necessary , In this case it is possible, for example for a future maintenance interval of three months, to collect all maintenance status messages from all fire detectors 2 and to carry out the corresponding maintenance work in one day. This leads to a significant saving in personnel costs and also to an increase in the availability of the fire alarm system 1.
• FIG. 3 shows a second application example for the fire alarm system 1, in which case a 24-hour day is shown on the X-axis.
• the two dashed lines D1 and D2 indicate a reference signal range over the 24-hour day as recorded in a normal state of the corresponding fire detector 2.
• the signal curve 12 shown may be the signal level of a temperature sensor or the signal level of a smoke sensor of the fire detector 2. Between 12 o'clock and 15 o'clock, the signal curve 12 exceeds the limiting line D1, so that a fault is detected by the evaluation. Such a fault can - as far as fire alarm 2 and alarm panel 5 are in normal condition - be caused by an unfavorable positioning of the monitored component.
• a temperature sensor is very strongly heated by solar radiation and therefore leaves the tolerance range.
• the fault can be evaluated as a failure of an installation state, the maintenance personnel monitored in the next use the relevant fire detector 2 at the specified time to detect in this way early installation errors can.
• Another application may rely on the monitoring of error messages of the first network 4 to determine a maintenance status of the first network 4.
• the number of error codes is monitored as operating state data in the fire panel 5. With a slow increase in the frequency of the error codes can be concluded on a slowly developing conduction damage or an error at the interfaces of the components and thus to a maintenance condition.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
• Alarm Systems (AREA)
• Fire Alarms (AREA)

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Citations (4)

• 2012
  • 2012-09-24 DE DE102012217162.2A patent/DE102012217162A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2013
  • 2013-09-20 WO PCT/EP2013/069618 patent/WO2014044818A1/de unknown
  • 2013-09-20 EP EP13765740.9A patent/EP2898490B1/de active Active
  • 2013-09-20 PT PT137657409T patent/PT2898490T/pt unknown
  • 2013-09-20 PL PL13765740.9T patent/PL2898490T3/pl unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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