WO2014032468A1 - 一种制备GaN薄膜材料的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备GaN薄膜材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/186—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate being specially pre-treated by, e.g. chemical or physical means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
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- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P50/00—Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P50/20—Dry etching; Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
- H10P50/24—Dry etching; Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching of semiconductor materials
- H10P50/246—Dry etching; Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching of semiconductor materials of Group III-V materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P50/00—Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P50/69—Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices using masks for semiconductor materials
- H10P50/691—Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices using masks for semiconductor materials for Group V materials or Group III-V materials
- H10P50/692—Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices using masks for semiconductor materials for Group V materials or Group III-V materials characterised by their composition, e.g. multilayer masks or materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and process for reducing stress in a GaN film material grown by a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) semiconductor material.
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- III-V nitride materials (also known as GaN-based materials) mainly composed of GaN, InGaN, and AlGaN alloy materials are new semiconductor materials that have received international attention in recent years.
- the GaN-based material is a direct bandgap wide bandgap semiconductor material with a continuously variable direct bandgap between 1.9 and 6.2 eV, excellent physical and chemical stability, high saturation electron drift velocity, high breakdown field strength and high thermal conductivity. Excellent performance such as high-frequency, high-frequency, high-frequency High field high power devices, field emission devices, radiation resistant devices, piezoelectric devices, etc.
- GaN-based materials there are many methods for growing GaN-based materials, such as metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOCVD), high temperature and high pressure composite GaN single crystal, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), sublimation, and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). Due to the physical properties of the GaN-based material itself, the growth of the GaN bulk single crystal has great difficulty and has not yet been put into practical use. Hydride vapor phase epitaxy can be used for homoepitaxial growth of self-supporting GaN substrates due to its high growth rate and lateral-longitudinal epitaxy, which has attracted extensive attention and research.
- MOCVD metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- the main method is to use a method of lateral epitaxy, suspension epitaxy, etc., to grow a thick film by HVPE high-rate epitaxy, and finally remove the original substrate, thereby obtaining a self-supporting GaN substrate material with a low dislocation density.
- the self-supporting GaN substrate grown by HVPE has a dislocation density of less than 10 6 cm - 2 and an area of 2 inches. But still far from meeting the needs of practical applications.
- the present invention provides a method and process for reducing stress in a GaN film material of a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) growth semiconductor material and obtaining a self-supporting GaN substrate.
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- the object of the present invention is: due to the existing GaN film grown on a heterogeneous substrate such as sapphire, etc., lattice mismatch and heat Mismatch can cause large stresses in the GaN film. The presence of stress causes a decrease in the performance of the GaN-based material.
- the invention proposes a method for reducing stress in a GaN thin film material of a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown semiconductor material.
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- the technical scheme of the present invention is: a method for preparing a high quality low stress GaN thin film material, evaporating a metal nickel (Ni) film on a GaN/sapphire composite substrate, and a nickel (Ni) thin film GaN/sapphire composite substrate in a high temperature quartz furnace
- High temperature annealing treatment temperature 600-1000 ° C, time 5-60 minutes; atmosphere is ammonia, flow rate 100-5000 ml / min; after annealing is completed, nitrogen gas is quickly introduced to evacuate ammonia gas, and after cooling to room temperature, take out Samples; high temperature annealing to obtain nano-Ni particles on a GaN/sapphire composite substrate, and then etching GaN on a Ni-free GaN/sapphire composite substrate by inductively coupled plasma etching (ICP) to form nanostructured GaN / sapphire composite substrate; GaN hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) growth on the nanostructure composite substrate yields a
- Annealing was carried out under annealing atmosphere and temperature control to obtain Ni particles of different sizes.
- Ni metal particles are etched at a slower rate than GaN, thereby etching out GaN nanostructures (nanocolumns or nanodots).
- the nanostructured GaN/sapphire composite substrate is laterally epitaxially grown in an HVPE growth system to obtain a low stress GaN film.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma etch
- the composite substrate with nano-GaN structure is placed in the HVPE reaction chamber for lateral epitaxial growth (for specific implementation, please refer to patent: "Transverse epitaxial growth of high-quality gallium nitride film", ZL021113084.1), which can obtain high quality and low stress. GaN film.
- the beneficial effects of the present invention are: A method and a process for reducing stress in a GaN film material grown by a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) semiconductor material are presented.
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the morphology of a nano Ni particle formed by annealing a metallized Ni film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Ammonia atmosphere 800 degrees, ammonia flow 800 ml / min.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic photograph of an embodiment of the present invention, which is a GaN nanostructure morphology formed by the sample in FIG. 1 after ICP etching. detailed description
- the method and process of the present invention include several parts: physical vapor deposition of a metal Ni film on a GaN/sapphire composite substrate; atmosphere annealing of a metal Ni film; inductively coupled plasma etching of a GaN/sapphire composite substrate; HVPE regrowth.
- the thickness of the metal Ni film and the size of the Ni particles after annealing are determined by the length dimension of the GaN nanostructure. Thicker Ni films and larger Ni particles help to obtain longer and thicker GaN nanostructures in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.
- a low stress GaN film is prepared, including the following steps:
- the GaN/sapphire composite substrate is placed in the reaction chamber of the physical vapor deposition apparatus. At a certain reaction chamber pressure and metal source temperature, vapor deposition of the metal Ni film can be started.
- the deposition rate of the Ni film is set to be about 1-2 ⁇ ⁇ / sec, and the thickness of the Ni nano film is 5 - 50 nm.
- step 3 Place the sample in step 2 into a high temperature quartz furnace for high temperature annealing. Parameters: temperature 600-1000 V, time 5-60 minutes; atmosphere is ammonia, flow rate 100-5000 ml / min. After the etching is completed, nitrogen gas is quickly introduced to evacuate the ammonia gas, and the sample is taken out after cooling to room temperature.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma etching
- step 5 After cleaning the sample in step 4, it is placed in a hydride vapor phase epitaxy apparatus to carry out HVPE lateral epitaxy to grow GaN.
- HVPE lateral epitaxy to grow GaN.
- Specific parameters can refer to the patent: ZL021113084.1 lateral epitaxial technology to grow high quality gallium nitride film.
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Abstract
制备GaN薄膜材料的方法,在GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底上蒸镀金属镍(Ni)薄膜,退火得到纳米Ni颗粒,然后采用电感耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP)方式蚀刻未被Ni覆盖的GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底上的GaN,形成纳米结构的GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底。在此纳米结构复合衬底上进行GaN的氢化物气相外延(HVPE)生长得到低应力高质量的GaN薄膜或者自支撑GaN衬底材料。本发明获得低应力高质量GaN薄膜材料。
Description
一种制备 GaN薄膜材料的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种降低氢化物气相外延 (HVPE) 生长半导体材料 GaN薄膜材料中应 力的方法以及工艺。 尤其是高质量低应力 GaN薄膜的方法。
背景技术
以 GaN及 InGaN、 AlGaN合金材料为主的 III-V族氮化物材料 (又称 GaN基材料)是 近几年来国际上倍受重视的新型半导体材料。 GaN基材料是直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料, 具有 1.9一 6.2eV之间连续可变的直接带隙, 优异的物理、 化学稳定性, 高饱和电子漂移 速度, 高击穿场强和高热导率等优越性能, 在短波长半导体光电子器件和高频、 高压、 高温微电子器件制备等方面具有重要的应用, 用于制造比如蓝、 紫、 紫外波段发光器件、 探测器件, 高温、 高频、 高场大功率器件, 场发射器件, 抗辐射器件, 压电器件等。
GaN基材料的生长有很多种方法, 如金属有机物气相外延 (MOCVD)、 高温高压合 成体 GaN 单晶、 分子束外延 (MBE)、 升华法以及氢化物气相外延 (HVPE) 等。 由于 GaN基材料本身物理性质的限制, GaN体单晶的生长具有很大的困难, 尚未实用化。 氢化物气相外延由于具有高的生长率和横向-纵向外延比, 可用于同质外延生长自支撑 GaN 衬底, 引起广泛地重视和研究。 早期人们主要采用氢化物气相外延 (HVPE) 方法 在蓝宝石衬底上直接生长 GaN基材料, 再加以分离, 获得 GaN衬底材料。 此法的突出 缺点是 GaN外延层中位错密度很高, 一般达 101Qcm- 2左右。 目前的主要方法是采用横向 外延、 悬挂外延等方法, 辅以 HVPE高速率外延技术生长厚膜, 最后将原衬底去除, 从 而获得位错密度较低的自支撑 GaN衬底材料。 迄今为止, HVPE生长得到的自支撑 GaN 衬底, 位错密度低于 106cm- 2, 面积已经达到 2英寸。 但是仍然远远不能满足实际应用的 需求。
由于 GaN只能生长在异质衬底如蓝宝石、硅等衬底上, 晶格失配和热失配造成 GaN 薄膜内部具有大的应力, 造成 GaN基器件性能很难提高。 另外, 巨大的应力会造成 GaN 厚膜和异质衬底裂成碎片, 因而无法应用。 因此降低或者消除 GaN厚膜中的应力, 是有 效发挥 GaN材料潜能的重要解决方法。 本发明给出了降低氢化物气相外延 (HVPE) 生 长半导体材料 GaN薄膜材料中应力和获得自支撑 GaN衬底的方法以及工艺。 发明内容
本发明目的是: 因现有的 GaN薄膜生长在异质衬底如蓝宝石等上面, 晶格失配和热
失配会引起 GaN薄膜中存在较大的应力。 应力的存在会造成 GaN基材料性能的降低。 本发明提出降低氢化物气相外延 (HVPE) 生长半导体材料 GaN薄膜材料中应力方法。
本发明技术方案是: 制备高质量低应力 GaN薄膜材料的方法, 在 GaN/蓝宝石复合 衬底上蒸镀金属镍 (Ni) 薄膜, 镍 (Ni) 薄膜 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底在高温石英炉中进行 高温退火处理: 温度 600-1000 °C, 时间 5-60分钟; 气氛为氨气, 流量 100-5000毫升 /分 钟; 退火完成后迅速通入氮气以排空氨气, 待降温到室温后取出样品; 高温退火在 GaN/ 蓝宝石复合衬底上得到纳米 Ni颗粒, 然后采用电感耦合等离子体刻蚀 (ICP) 方式蚀刻 未被 Ni覆盖的 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底上的 GaN, 形成纳米结构的 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底; 在此纳米结构复合衬底上进行 GaN的氢化物气相外延 (HVPE) 生长得到低应力高 质量的 GaN薄膜或者自支撑 GaN衬底材料。
在退火气氛和温度控制的条件下进行退火, 得到不同尺寸大小的 Ni颗粒。
Ni金属颗粒刻蚀速率比 GaN刻蚀速率慢, 从而刻蚀出 GaN纳米结构 (纳米柱或者 纳米点)。
所述的纳米结构 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底放在 HVPE生长系统中进行横向外延生长,得 到低应力 GaN薄膜。
电感耦合等离子体刻蚀 (ICP) 腔体, 对样品进行等离子体刻蚀。 ICP 参数为: Cl2 的气体流量为 10-100cm3/min; BC13的气体流量为 1-50 cm3/min; 射频功率和 ICP功率分 别为 50-300W和 100-500W, 压强为 1E-09 Pa量级; 刻蚀时间 50-1000S。
纳米 GaN结构的复合衬底放置在 HVPE反应腔中进行横向外延生长(具体实施方式 可参考专利: 《横向外延技术生长高质量氮化镓薄膜》, ZL021113084.1 ), 即可得到高质 量低应力 GaN薄膜。
控制 ICP刻蚀得到的纳米结构 GaN的分布和尺度, 也可以实现 GaN薄膜和蓝宝石 之间的自分离, 从而获得低应力自支撑 GaN衬底材料。 在降温后实现 GaN厚膜从蓝宝 石上面的分离, 得到高质量低应力的 GaN衬底材料。
本发明有益效果是: 给出了一种降低氢化物气相外延(HVPE)生长半导体材料 GaN 薄膜材料中应力的方法以及工艺。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明实施例照片示意图, 镀金属 Ni薄膜退火后形成的纳米 Ni颗粒形貌。 氨气气氛, 800度, 氨气流量 800毫升 /分钟。
图 2 为本发明实施例照片示意图,是图 1中的样品在 ICP刻蚀后形成的 GaN纳米结 构形貌。
具体实施方式
本发明方法和工艺包括几个部分: 金属 Ni薄膜在 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底上的物理气 相沉积; 金属 Ni薄膜的气氛退火处理; 电感耦合等离子体刻蚀 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底; GaN薄膜的 HVPE再生长。
金属 Ni薄膜的厚度和退火后 Ni颗粒的大小, 视 GaN纳米结构的长度尺寸定。 较厚 的 Ni薄膜和较大的 Ni颗粒, 有助于获得纵向和横向尺寸较长和较粗的 GaN纳米结构。
本发明技实施方式之一, 制备低应力 GaN薄膜, 包括下面几步:
1、 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底的清洗和处理。
2、 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底放入物理气相沉积装置反应腔内, 在一定反应腔体压力 和金属源温度下, 即可开始金属 Ni薄膜的蒸镀。 Ni薄膜沉积速率设置约为 1-2 ±矣/秒, Ni纳米薄膜厚度 5-50nm。
3、 将步骤 2中的样品放入高温石英炉中进行高温退火处理。参数:温度 600-1000 V, 时间 5-60分钟; 气氛为氨气, 流量 100-5000毫升 /分钟。 刻蚀完成后迅 速通入氮气以排空氨气, 待降温到室温后取出样品。
4、 将步骤 3中的样品清洗后, 放入电感耦合等离子体刻蚀 (ICP)腔体, 对样品 进行等离子体刻蚀。 ICP参数为: Cl2的气体流量为 10-100cm3/min; BC13的 气体流量为 1-50 cm3/min; 射频功率和 ICP功率分别为 50-300W和 100-500W, 压强为 1E-09 Pa量级; 刻蚀时间 50-1000S。
5、 将步骤 4中的样品清洗后, 放入氢化物气相外延设备中, 进行 HVPE横向外 延生长 GaN。具体参数可参考专利: ZL021113084.1横向外延技术生长高质量 氮化镓薄膜。
6、 将步骤 5中样品取出, 即获得高质量低应力 GaN薄膜材料。
7、 控制步骤 2-5中的参数, 可以实现 GaN薄膜和蓝宝石之间的分离, 从而获得 自支撑低应力 GaN衬底材料。
Claims
1、 一种制备 GaN薄膜材料的方法, 其特征是在 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底上蒸镀金属镍 Ni薄膜, 退火得到纳米 Ni颗粒, 然后采用电感耦合等离子体刻蚀 ICP方式蚀刻未被 Ni 覆盖的 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底上的 GaN, 形成纳米结构的 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底; 在此纳米 结构复合衬底上进行 GaN的氢化物气相外延 HVPE生长得到低应力高质量的 GaN薄膜或 者自支撑 GaN衬底材料。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备 GaN薄膜材料的方法, 其特征是金属 Ni退火成纳米 Ni颗粒时, 在特定气氛、 特定温度下进行退火, 得到不同尺寸大小的 Ni颗粒: 退火温度 600-1000°C , 时间 5-60分钟; 气氛为氨气, 流量 100-5000毫升 /分钟; 退火完成后迅速通 入氮气以排空氨气。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的制备 GaN 薄膜材料的方法, 其特征是电感耦合等离子体 ICP刻蚀 GaN工艺中, Ni金属颗粒刻蚀速率比 GaN刻蚀速率慢, 从而刻蚀出纳米柱或 者纳米点的 GaN纳米结构。
4、 根据权利要求 1 至 3之一所述的制备 GaN薄膜材料的方法, 其特征是氢化物气 相外延生长进行横向外延生长的工艺中, 将纳米结构的 GaN/蓝宝石复合衬底放在 HVPE 生长系统中进行横向外延生长, 得到低应力 GaN薄膜。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210316953.X | 2012-08-31 | ||
| CN201210316953.XA CN102828240B (zh) | 2012-08-31 | 2012-08-31 | 一种制备GaN薄膜材料的方法 |
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| CN102828240B (zh) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-11-25 | 南京大学 | 一种制备GaN薄膜材料的方法 |
| CN109023515A (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-18 | 南京大学 | 制备GaN衬底的自分离方法 |
| CN109371462A (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-02-22 | 石家庄铁道大学 | 外延生长有机金属卤化物钙钛矿单晶薄膜制备方法 |
| CN113013731B (zh) * | 2021-02-19 | 2023-12-12 | 苏州科技大学 | 柔性电泵浦ZnO纳米线激光器阵列结构及其制备方法 |
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| CN101240451A (zh) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-08-13 | 南京大学 | 原位腐蚀降低HVPE GaN薄膜位错密度的方法 |
| CN102828240A (zh) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-19 | 南京大学 | 一种制备GaN薄膜材料的方法 |
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| CN101229912B (zh) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-06-16 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | 采用干法刻蚀制备氮化镓纳米线阵列的方法 |
| WO2012024299A1 (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2012-02-23 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Efficient and directed nano-light emitting diode, and method for making same |
| CN102646574B (zh) * | 2011-02-22 | 2015-11-04 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | 一种氮化镓自支撑衬底的制备方法 |
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| CN1388537A (zh) * | 2002-05-31 | 2003-01-01 | 南京大学 | 离子注入法制备GaN基稀释磁性半导体材料的方法 |
| CN101240451A (zh) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-08-13 | 南京大学 | 原位腐蚀降低HVPE GaN薄膜位错密度的方法 |
| CN102828240A (zh) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-19 | 南京大学 | 一种制备GaN薄膜材料的方法 |
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