WO2014030656A1 - 薬物含有中空粒子 - Google Patents
薬物含有中空粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014030656A1 WO2014030656A1 PCT/JP2013/072227 JP2013072227W WO2014030656A1 WO 2014030656 A1 WO2014030656 A1 WO 2014030656A1 JP 2013072227 W JP2013072227 W JP 2013072227W WO 2014030656 A1 WO2014030656 A1 WO 2014030656A1
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Classifications
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- A61K9/167—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
- A61K9/1676—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface having a drug-free core with discrete complete coating layer containing drug
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- A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hollow particle containing a drug, specifically, a hollow particle containing a drug as a main component in a wall (shell) portion.
- drugs alone or drugs and other formulation ingredients are mixed and granulated to produce drug-containing particles, which are then mixed with other ingredients and other granules. Or is mixed with other ingredients or further granulated, etc., and compressed into tablets, granules, or capsules filled into capsules.
- the drug-containing particles themselves are given desired functionality such as enteric solubility, gastric solubility, On top of that, it was necessary to perform a process capable of providing a desired function.
- desired functionality such as enteric solubility, gastric solubility,
- the drug-containing particle loses its function in the tableting process. It must be strong enough not to break.
- a general fluidized bed granulator including a rolling fluidized bed granulator, a Wurster fluidized bed granulator, etc.
- a composite fluidized bed with a sizing / pulverizing mechanism Using a granulator, etc., coating the drug alone or a mixture of drugs and other additives with functional additives such as enteric and gastric solubility, or pre-manufactured drug-containing particles
- functional additives such as enteric and gastric solubility, or pre-manufactured drug-containing particles
- the strength of the drug-containing particles coated by this method is generally low and brittle, and the shape is polynuclear, so that there are many irregularities on the surface, resulting in low fluidity.
- Other methods include a method of coating the core particles with a drug or a drug-containing composition to produce drug-containing particles, and further coating with a functional additive.
- a method of coating the core particles with a drug or a drug-containing composition to produce drug-containing particles and further coating with a functional additive.
- the working time becomes very long and the cost becomes high.
- the drug layer and the functional additive layer are laminated on the core particle, there is a problem that the particle size of the drug-containing particle is increased.
- Patent Document 1 a solution of a binder is added to a mixture containing an excipient powder having a property of retaining a solvent and a drug powder for the purpose of subsequent coating for controlled release, and high speed rolling is performed.
- a method for producing spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less, characterized by granulating, is disclosed. According to this method, it is described that coating or the like needs to be performed afterwards in order to provide release control functionality.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing mononuclear particles. Specifically, for a granular material obtained by dropping an aqueous solution containing a drug and / or binder as an active ingredient into liquid nitrogen, an excipient or / and a drug are added in a fluid bed granulator. A method is described in which hollow spherical particles are produced by mixing powders that may be contained at a temperature equal to or higher than the thawing temperature of ice, or adhering coexisting powders while thawing and granulating while flowing.
- the description relating to the manufacturing apparatus in this patent document may be as long as it is an apparatus capable of uniformly mixing powder and frozen granular material without applying a large impact during granulation.
- the large impact refers to an impact that does not break the granulated product.
- a granular material is produced by dropping it into liquid nitrogen, and the powder is adhered thereto, so that the size is 0.5 mm to 10 mm due to the size of the ice granular material.
- water-soluble polymers can be used for granulation. Describes that it is necessary to perform coating or the like.
- Patent Document 3 discloses drug-containing particles comprising a drug, a water-soluble polymer, and sugar or sugar alcohol components, and granulating each component to form particles. Specifically, a granulated particle is disclosed in which a drug, D-mannitol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone are charged into a vertical granulator vertical granulator, sprayed with purified water, and granulated.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that the core is composed of a core and a film layer covering the core, and the core contains at least an unpleasant-tasting drug and a water-swellable substance.
- Non-Patent Document 1 stirs and mixes acetaminophen, mannitol, and a disintegrant with the aim of selecting a disintegrant suitable for the production of an orally rapidly disintegrating tablet, and adds and stirs and granulates an aqueous hydroxypropylcellulose solution. A method for preparing tableting granules is described.
- granules, particles are prepared by adding a drug, D-mannitol, and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose into a high-speed agitation granulator, dropping a granulation liquid in which hydroxypropylcellulose is dissolved in purified water.
- a drug D-mannitol
- low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose D-mannitol
- a granulation liquid in which hydroxypropylcellulose is dissolved in purified water.
- the present inventors have mixed drug powder and a polymer, in particular, a polymer having a desired functionality, and granulated with stirring while spraying a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer. It is possible to efficiently produce drug-containing particles having sufficient particle strength and capable of exhibiting polymer functions such as good disintegration of the particles and elution control at a desired site by a very simple means.
- the present invention has been completed. And it discovered that this particle
- the present invention relates to the following.
- a particle comprising a shell and a hollow part, wherein the shell contains a drug and a polymer, and the volume ratio of the hollow to the whole particle is 1% to 50% (in the present specification, “the present invention Also referred to as “drug-containing particles”).
- a hollow particle having a structure in which a hollow portion is surrounded by a wall made of a composition comprising a drug and a polymer, and the hollow volume ratio to the whole particle is 1% to 50%.
- Particles having a hollow structure containing a drug and a polymer and having a hollow volume ratio of 4% to 50% with respect to the total volume of the particles.
- a particle comprising a shell and a hollow part, the shell containing a drug and a polymer and a particle having a structure in which the hollow part is surrounded by a wall comprising a composition comprising a drug and a polymer
- Hollow particles and “hollow particles that are hollow particles containing a drug and a polymer” are all synonymous.
- the water-soluble polymer is methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, copolyvidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol / acrylic acid / methyl methacrylate copolymer From the group consisting of a blend, vinyl acetate / vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol / polyethylene glycol / graft copolymer, pregelatinized starch, dextrin, dextran, pullulan, alginic acid, gelatin, pectin, and one or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the water-insoluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS, ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer dispersion, vinyl acetate resin, and one or a mixture of two or more thereof. Hollow particles according to [12] or [14] above.
- Enteric polymer is hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, methacrylic acid copolymer L, methacrylic acid copolymer LD, dry methacrylic acid copolymer LD, methacrylic acid copolymer S, methacrylic acid-n-butyl acrylate
- the biodegradable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone and copolymers thereof, collagen, chitin, chitosan, and one or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- Other additives include excipients, binders, sweeteners, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, fragrances, fluidizing agents, antistatic agents, coloring agents, disintegrating agents, lubricants, plasticizers, and aggregation prevention agents Hollow particles according to the above [20], selected from the group consisting of an agent and a coating agent.
- the other additive is selected from the group consisting of an excipient, a binder, a sweetener, a flavoring agent, a flavoring agent, a fragrance, a fluidizing agent, an antistatic agent, a coloring agent, and a coating agent.
- additives include excipients, binders, sweeteners, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, fragrances, fluidizing agents, antistatic agents, coloring agents, disintegrating agents, lubricants, plasticizers, and anti-aggregation agents.
- the other additive is selected from the group consisting of excipients, binders, sweeteners, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, fragrances, fluidizing agents, antistatic agents, coloring agents, and coating agents. 46] to [54].
- a method for producing hollow particles comprising a step of granulating a powdered mixture containing a drug and a polymer while spraying a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer.
- Hollow particles obtained by granulation while spraying a solvent capable of dissolving a polymer in a powdery mixture containing a drug and the polymer.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention have sufficient strength, processing such as tableting and coating can be easily performed.
- the polymer to be added can have a desired functionality (for example, fast disintegrating property, fast dissolving property, enteric property, gastric solubility, sustained release property, bitterness mask, etc.), it can be more easily applied to a preparation.
- the drug can be absorbed at a desired site for a desired time, and a preparation having a desired medicinal effect can be provided.
- the particle size and particle size distribution width of the drug-containing particles can be arbitrarily controlled, so that it is possible to easily produce particles according to the purpose.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention can produce particles containing a high content of the drug by increasing the proportion of the drug, so that the formulation can be miniaturized and lead to improvement in the dosage of the formulation. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to produce drug-containing particles having a high sphericity, and the drug-containing particles of the present invention having a high sphericity can improve poor fluidity of the drug and have any particle size.
- FIG. 1-1 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound A 90% spherical particles in Example 1-1.
- FIG. 1-2 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound B 90% spherical particles in Example 1-2.
- FIG. 1-3 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound C 90% spherical particles in Example 1-3.
- FIG. 1-4 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound D 90% spherical particles in Example 1-4.
- FIG. 1-5 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound E 90% spherical particles in Example 1-5.
- FIG. 1-6 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound F 90% spherical particles in Example 1-6.
- FIG. 1-7 is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of the 90% spherical particle of Compound A in Example 1-1.
- FIG. 1-8 is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of the compound C 90% spherical particle in Example 1-3.
- FIG. 1-9 is an electron micrograph showing the cross section of Compound D 90% spherical particles in Example 1-4.
- FIG. 1-10 is a graph showing the relationship between the particle size distribution of the polymer (hydroxypropylcellulose) and the particle size distribution of the drug-containing particles in Example 1-6.
- FIG. 2-1 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound A-containing spherical particles in Example 2-1.
- FIG. 2-2 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound A-containing spherical particles in Example 2-2.
- FIG. 2-3 is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of the compound A-containing spherical particles in Example 2-1.
- FIG. 2-4 is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of the compound A-containing spherical particle in Example 2-2.
- FIG. 2-5 is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of the compound A-containing spherical particle in Example 2-3.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray CT image of compound A-containing spherical particles in Example 3-5.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph showing the cross section of the compound A-containing particles in the tablet in Example 5-3.
- FIG. 5 is an X-ray CT image of drug-containing particles in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6-1 shows the dissolution rate of Compound A-containing spherical particles in the second solution in Comparative Examples 2-1, 2-2 and Example 3-7 using dry methacrylic acid copolymer LD as the polymer.
- FIG. FIG. 6-2 shows the dissolution rate of Compound A-containing spherical particles in the second solution in Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-3 and Example 6-2 using aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E as the polymer.
- FIG. FIG. 6-3 shows the dissolution rate of Compound A-containing spherical particles in the second solution in Comparative Examples 2-1, 2-4 and Example 6-3 using aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS as the polymer.
- FIG. 6-4 shows the dissolution rate of Compound A-containing spherical particles in the second solution of dissolution test in Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-5 and Example 6-4 using hydroxypropyl cellulose as a polymer.
- FIG. FIG. 6-5 shows the dissolution rate of Compound A-containing spherical particles in the first solution in Comparative Examples 2-1, 2-3, and Example 6-2 using aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E as the polymer.
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the dissolution rate of Compound G-containing spherical particles in the second solution of Example 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4 using various polymers. is there.
- FIG. 8-1 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of Compound A-containing spherical particles in Example 8-1.
- FIG. 8-2 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of Compound A-containing spherical particles in Example 8-1.
- FIG. 9-1 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of drug-containing particles in Comparative Example 3-1.
- FIG. 9-2 is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of the drug-containing particle in Comparative Example 3-1.
- FIG. 9-3 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of the compound A-containing particles in Comparative Example 3-2.
- FIG. 9-4 is an X-ray CT image of the compound A-containing particles in Comparative Example 3-2.
- FIG. 9-5 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of drug-containing particles in Comparative Example 3-3.
- FIG. 9-6 is an X-ray CT image of the drug-containing particles in Comparative Example 3-3.
- FIG. 10-1 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of the compound A-containing particles in Example 9-1.
- FIG. 10-2 is an electron micrograph showing the appearance of the compound A-containing particles in Example 9-2.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention contain a drug and a polymer as essential components.
- the particle means both one particle and an aggregate of a plurality of particles.
- the “average particle diameter” means a cumulative 50% particle diameter D50 in the volume-based measurement of powder particles.
- the average particle size is measured on a volume basis with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (for example, Paulec, Particle Viewer or Shimadzu Corporation, SALD-3000J or Sympatec HELOS & RODOS).
- a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus for example, Paulec, Particle Viewer or Shimadzu Corporation, SALD-3000J or Sympatec HELOS & RODOS.
- Drug is not particularly limited and can be used.
- any drug or compound can be used regardless of properties such as basic, acidic, amphoteric and neutral, and solubility.
- the particles of the present invention are effective even when the drug has low solubility.
- the average particle size of the drug used as the raw material in the present invention the more smooth drug-containing particles can be obtained.
- it is 20 micrometers or less, More preferably, it is 10 micrometers or less, More preferably, it is 5 micrometers or less, Most preferably, it is 3 micrometers or less.
- the average particle size of the drug is usually 0.1 ⁇ m or more. In the present invention, the average particle diameter of the drug may be in the above range as a raw material, and may vary in the course of producing the drug-containing particles.
- the drug may be pulverized to a desired particle size before producing the particles.
- the pulverization is performed by a conventional method such as pulverization using a fine pulverizer, but may be very fine particles (average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less).
- the content of the drug can be arbitrarily set, but the preferable amount of the drug used is 96% by weight or less, preferably 94% by weight or less, more preferably 92% by weight, per 100% by weight of the drug-containing particles (hollow particles) to be produced. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 90% by weight or less.
- 0.1 to 96% by weight preferably 0.1 to 95.9% by weight, more preferably 1 to 94% by weight, and further preferably 5 to 92% by weight per 100% by weight of the drug-containing particles. Most preferably, it is 10 to 90% by weight.
- not only particles containing a low content of drug but also a high content (for example, 50 to 96% by weight, preferably 70 to 96% by weight, more preferably 90 to 96% per 100% by weight of the drug-containing particles). It is also possible to produce particles with a weight%).
- it can be produced by mixing other additives described below, preferably additives that are not dissolved in a solvent.
- polymer in the present invention refers to a molecule having a large relative molecular mass and having a structure composed of many repetitions of a molecule having a small relative molecular mass, particularly a functional polymer. Point to.
- the “molecule having a large relative molecular mass” means an average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight) of usually 1000 or more, preferably 5000 or more, and more preferably 10,000 or more.
- the upper limit of the molecular weight is not particularly defined, but preferably refers to that of 10000000 or less, more preferably 5000000 or less, further preferably 2000000 or less, and particularly preferably 1000000 or less.
- Examples of functional polymers include water-soluble polymers, water-insoluble polymers, enteric polymers, gastric polymers, biodegradable polymers such as chitosan as used for colon targeting, preferably Water-soluble polymers, water-insoluble polymers, enteric polymers, and gastric polymers can be mentioned.
- the polymer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- water-soluble polymer examples include methylcellulose (eg, trade names: SM-4, SM-15, SM-25, SM-100, SM-400, SM-1500, SM-4000, 60SH-50, 60SH- 4000, 60SH-10000, 65SH-50, 65SH-400, 65SH-4000, 90SH-100SR, 90SH-4000SR, 90SH-15000SR, 90SH-100000SR), hydroxypropyl cellulose (eg, trade names: HPC-SSL, HPC- SL, HPC-L, HPC-M, HPC-H), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (eg, trade names: TC5-E, TC5-M, TC5-R, TC5-S, SB-4), hydroxyethylcellulose (eg, Product name: SP200, SP400, SP500, S 600, SP850, SP900, EP850, SE400, SE500, SE600, SE850, SE900, EE820), cellulose derivatives such as hydroxymethylcellulose, carboxy
- Preferred examples include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and pregelatinized starch, and more preferred examples include hydroxypropyl cellulose.
- water-insoluble polymer examples include water-insoluble cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose (eg, trade name: etosel (Etocel 10P)), cellulose acetate, and aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS (eg, trade names: Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RLPO, Eudragit) RL30D, Eudragit RS100, Eudragit RSPO, Eudragit RS30D), ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer dispersion (eg, trade name: Eudragit NE30D) and the like, and water-insoluble acrylic copolymers, vinyl acetate resins, and the like.
- water-insoluble cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose (eg, trade name: etosel (Etocel 10P)), cellulose acetate, and aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS (eg, trade names: Eu
- ethyl cellulose and aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS are used.
- a water-insoluble polymer as the polymer, it is possible to impart a function of a bitterness mask for drugs having sustained release properties and bitterness.
- enteric polymer examples include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (eg, trade names: AQOAT LF, AQOAT MF, AQOAT HF, AQOAT LG, AQOAT MG, AQOAT HG), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (eg, trade name: HPMCP50, HPMCP55, HPMCP55S), methacrylic acid copolymer L (eg, trade name: Eudragit L100), methacrylic acid copolymer LD (eg, trade name: Eudragit L30D-55), dry methacrylic acid copolymer LD (eg, trade name: Eudragit L100) -55), methacrylic acid copolymer S (for example, trade name: Eudragit S100), methacrylic acid copoly, such as methacrylic acid-n-butyl acrylate copolymer Chromatography and the like, may be used in combination one or two or more. Preferred are
- gastric polymer examples include gastric soluble polyvinyl derivatives such as polyvinyl acetal diethylaminoacetate, gastric soluble acrylic acid copolymers such as aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E (eg, trade name: Eudragit E100, Eudragit EPO), and the like. You may use 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types. Aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E is preferable.
- the biodegradable polymer is a polymer that can be degraded in vivo.
- examples thereof include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone and copolymers thereof, collagen, chitin, chitosan (eg, trade name: Fronac C-100M) and the like, and one or a mixture of two or more are used. May be.
- Preferable examples include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone and copolymers thereof, gelatin, collagen, chitin, and chitosan.
- the polymer can be selected according to the purpose.
- a water-soluble polymer as the polymer, and in order to achieve sustained release of the drug, water is used as the polymer.
- an insoluble polymer and in order to achieve a bitter mask, it is preferable to use a water-insoluble polymer, an enteric polymer, a gastric polymer, etc.
- an enteric polymer for rapid elution at, and chitosan or the like is preferably used to achieve colon targeting.
- two or more kinds of polymers having different functions such as water-soluble polymers and water-insoluble polymers may be mixed and used.
- the polymer in the present invention is preferably used in a powder state, and an appropriate average particle size or particle size distribution can be selected according to the average particle size or particle size distribution of the target drug-containing particles. it can.
- an appropriate average particle size or particle size distribution can be selected according to the average particle size or particle size distribution of the target drug-containing particles. it can.
- it can be used for this invention by using as powder.
- a polymer powder having a narrow particle size distribution it is preferable to use a polymer powder having a narrow particle size distribution.
- a polymer powder having a large average particle size it is preferable to use a polymer powder having a large average particle size.
- a polymer having a small average particle size is used. Preference is given to using powder. This means that, by adjusting the size and particle size distribution of the polymer powder, it is possible to produce drug-containing particles having a particle size distribution according to the purpose.
- the preferred average particle size of the polymer used as a raw material in the present invention is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more.
- it is 20 ⁇ m or more, 25 ⁇ m or more, 40 ⁇ m or more, 50 ⁇ m or more, and is used as a raw material 5 times or more, preferably 10 times or more, more preferably 15 times or more, still more preferably 20 times or more, particularly preferably 25 times or more with respect to the average particle diameter of the drug and / or other additives described below.
- Those are preferred.
- how many times the average particle size of the polymer used as the raw material is larger than the average particle size of the drug used as the raw material and / or other additives described below is The average particle size distribution ratio (D50 / D50) of the polymer used and the drug used as a raw material and / or other additives described below is shown.
- the average particle size of the polymer is usually 5 mm or less. Preferably it is 1 mm or less, More preferably, it is 300 micrometers or less, More preferably, it is 250 micrometers, Especially preferably, it is 200 micrometers or less.
- a polymer powder having a certain particle size fraction can be selectively used, for example, by a sieving method. For example, it is used as a polymer having a desired particle size distribution by appropriately selecting and fractionating sieves having the sieve numbers described in USP (US Pharmacopoeia), EP (European Pharmacopoeia), and JP (Japanese Pharmacopoeia). It becomes possible.
- the particle size distribution width (D90 / D10) of the polymer used as a raw material is preferably as small as possible.
- the average particle size of the polymer may be in the above range as a raw material, and may vary in the course of producing the drug-containing particles.
- the polymer is not used as a granulation liquid in a solution or suspension state, but is mixed with a drug in the form of powder, and then a solvent is added, for example, granulation while spraying. It is characterized by. However, a part of the polymer or drug may be dissolved and suspended in a solvent as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
- the amount of the polymer used varies depending on the drug, the amount of other additives, the particle diameter, the strength of the polymer binding force, etc., but usually 4 to 100% by weight per 100% by weight of the drug-containing particles (hollow particles) produced.
- 50% by weight preferably 4 to 40% by weight, more preferably 6 to 40% by weight or 8 to 40% by weight, still more preferably 10 to 40% by weight, still more preferably 10 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 10%. It is used in the range of ⁇ 20% by weight. From another viewpoint, it is preferably used in the range of 5 to 50% by weight, more preferably 5 to 40% by weight, further preferably 5 to 30% by weight, and particularly preferably 5 to 25% by weight.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention include those containing 60 to 96% by weight of drug and 4 to 40% by weight of polymer per 100% by weight of drug-containing particles; Those containing 5 to 30% by weight of the molecule; more preferably those containing 80 to 90% by weight of the drug and 10 to 20% by weight of the polymer.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention include 55 to 95.9% by weight of drug, 4 to 40% by weight of polymer, and 0.1 to 5% by weight of other additives described below per 100% by weight of drug-containing particles.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention include 0.1 to 95.9% by weight of drug, 4 to 40% by weight of polymer, and 0.1 to 95 of other additives described below per 100% by weight of drug-containing particles. 1.9% by weight; preferably 1 to 94% by weight of drug, 5 to 30% by weight of polymer, and 1 to 94% by weight of other additives described later; 80% by weight, 10-20% by weight of polymer, and 10-80% by weight of other additives described later.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention include those containing 60 to 96% by weight of drug and 4 to 40% by weight of polymer per 100% by weight of drug-containing particles (preferably, 70 to 95% by weight of drug, A molecule containing 5 to 30% by weight of a molecule; more preferably a drug containing 80 to 90% by weight and a polymer containing 10 to 20% by weight), and a preferred average particle of a polymer used as a raw material
- the diameter is 10 times or more (preferably 15 times or more, more preferably 25 times or more) with respect to the average particle size of the drug used as a raw material.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention include 55 to 95.9% by weight of drug, 4 to 40% by weight of polymer, and 0.1 to 5% by weight of other additives described below per 100% by weight of drug-containing particles. (Preferably containing 65 to 94.9% by weight of drug, 5 to 30% by weight of polymer, and 0.1 to 5% by weight of other additives described later; more preferably A drug containing 75 to 89.9% by weight, a polymer containing 10 to 20% by weight, and other additives described later in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight).
- Examples thereof include particles having a particle size of 10 times or more (preferably 15 times or more, more preferably 25 times or more) with respect to the average particle size of the mixed powder of the drug used as a raw material and other additives.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention include 0.1 to 95.9% by weight of drug, 4 to 40% by weight of polymer, and 0.1 to 95 of other additives described below per 100% by weight of drug-containing particles. 1.9% by weight (preferably containing 1 to 94% by weight of drug, 5 to 30% by weight of polymer, and 1 to 94% by weight of other additives described below; more preferably A drug containing 10 to 80% by weight, a polymer containing 10 to 20% by weight, and other additives described later in an amount of 10 to 80% by weight).
- the average particle size of the mixed powder of the drug used as the other additive and other additives is preferably 10 times or more (preferably 15 times or more, more preferably 25 times or more).
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention are added to a powdery mixture containing a drug (above (i)) and a polymer (above (ii)) by adding a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer, for example, while spraying. It can be manufactured by granulating and drying. As a granulation method, if it has a stirring function, it can select suitably. For example, it can be produced by using agitation granulation method, mixed agitation granulation method, high speed agitation granulation method, high speed agitation agitation granulation method, rolling agitation fluidized bed granulation method, and tumbling granulation method.
- a stirring granulation method it is preferable to use a stirring granulation method, a mixed stirring granulation method, a high speed stirring granulation method, and a high speed mixing stirring granulation method.
- a universal mixer manufactured by Shinagawa Kogyo
- super mixer manufactured by Kawata Co., Ltd.
- FM mixer manufactured by Nippon Coke Industries Co., Ltd.
- SPG series Manufactured by Fuji Powder Co., Ltd.
- vertical granulator for example, FM-VG-05 type, FM-VG-100 type, manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.
- high-speed stirring mixing granulator Pharmamatrix manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.
- High speed mixer manufactured by Fukae Powtech Co., Ltd.
- granumist manufactured by Freund Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- new gramachine manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.
- triple master manufactured by Shinagawa Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- the simple fluidized bed granulation method is not preferable because the drying efficiency is too high and the granulation does not proceed.
- a drying method a method known per se can be appropriately selected. For example, drying by a shelf type dryer or a fluidized bed can be mentioned, and drying by a fluidized bed is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the “solvent” means any solvent that is acceptable in the fields of pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, cosmetics, foods, etc., and may be anything as long as it can dissolve the polymer used. From the viewpoint of using the drug-containing particles of the present invention as a medicine, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent is preferable. Such a solvent is appropriately selected according to the kind of drug, polymer, additive, and the like, and several kinds of solvents may be mixed and used.
- an alcohol solvent for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, etc.
- Lower alkanol for example, lower alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- ester solvents for example, lower alkyl esters of acetic acid such as acetic acid ethyl ester
- mixed solvents thereof for example, water, an alcohol solvent (for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, etc.) may be substituted.
- Lower alkanol for example, lower alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- ester solvents for example, lower alkyl esters of acetic acid such as acetic acid ethyl ester
- a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer for example, water, a hydroalcoholic solvent, etc.
- Water or hydrous ethanol can be used particularly preferably.
- a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer for example, an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, etc.
- Polymers such as polymers, enteric polymers, chitosan, and the like that can dissolve all the polymers can be used as solvents (for example, alcohol solvents, more specifically ethanol).
- the amount of the solvent used in the present invention varies depending on the kind and amount of the drug and polymer, but is usually 5 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 53 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of each component constituting the particles. Parts, more preferably 10 to 40 parts by weight, still more preferably 15 to 40 parts by weight.
- the addition to the powdery mixture containing the drug and polymer is preferably carried out by spraying.
- the spraying of the solvent in the present invention may be performed using a spray gun that is usually used during granulation.
- a spray gun that is usually used during granulation.
- Specific examples include a needle spray gun (manufactured by Tomita Engineering Co., Ltd.).
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention may be included as necessary.
- the addition amount can be appropriately adjusted according to the kind and amount of the drug, polymer and solvent.
- Other additives can be added to the drug and polymer mixture prior to the addition of the solvent.
- the other additive is preferably a powder.
- the average particle size of the powder additive used as a raw material is 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size is preferably the same or smaller than the particle size.
- the amount of the additive used is not particularly limited, and particles having a higher drug content can be obtained as the additive amount is smaller. Particles with low drug content can be produced by increasing the amount of the additive.
- the additive by dissolving or dispersing it in a solvent, and when it is dissolved, its average particle size is not particularly limited, but when it is dispersed, it is about the same or less than the average particle size of the additive powder Are preferred.
- the average particle size of other additives is usually 0.005 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of other additives may be in the above range as a raw material, and may be changed in the process of producing drug-containing particles.
- the amount of the other additive in the drug-containing particles of the present invention may be reduced by reducing the amount of the drug, and the content ratio of the drug and the other additive can be arbitrarily set.
- the amount of other additives in the drug-containing particles of the present invention can be arbitrarily set, but the preferred amount used is 95.9% by weight or less, preferably 94% by weight or less, per 100% by weight of the drug-containing particles produced.
- it is 92 weight% or less, More preferably, it is 90 weight% or less. Specifically, it is 0.1 to 95.9% by weight, preferably 1 to 94% by weight, more preferably 5 to 92% by weight, and further preferably 10 to 80% by weight per 100% by weight of the particles.
- the additive is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used additive.
- excipients eg, starch such as rice starch, D-mannitol, magnesium carbonate
- binders e.g., sweeteners
- sweeteners examples include flavoring agents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fluidizing agents (eg, Aerosil), antistatic agents, coloring agents, disintegrating agents, lubricants, plasticizers, anti-aggregating agents, and coating agents.
- the additive is not particularly limited, but even if the above-mentioned polymer is applicable, if it is not dissolved in the solvent used, it is blended as an additive without exhibiting the function of the polymer of the present invention.
- the average particle size of the polymer used as the raw material is 5 times or more, preferably 10 times or more, more preferably the average particle size of the drug and / or other additives used as the raw material. It is preferably 15 times or more, more preferably 20 times or more, particularly preferably 25 times or more. Moreover, it is usually 10000000 times or less. Furthermore, it is preferable that the particle size distribution of the polymer used as the raw material does not overlap with the particle size distribution of the drug and / or other additives used as the raw material. Specifically, for example, the cumulative 10% particle diameter D10 in the volume-based measurement of the polymer is preferably larger than the cumulative 90% particle diameter D90 of the drug and / or other additives.
- the cumulative 10% particle size D10 of the polymer is preferably 1 time or more, more preferably 2 times or more than the cumulative 90% particle size D90 of the drug and / or other additives, More preferably, it is 4 times or more. Moreover, it is usually 5000000 times or less.
- the average particle diameter of the mixed powder of the drug used as a raw material and other additives is important in producing the drug-containing particles.
- the average particle size of the polymer used as the raw material is 5 times or more, preferably 10 times or more, more preferably 15 times or more, with respect to the average particle size of the mixed powder of the drug used as the raw material and other additives. Particularly preferred is 25 times or more. Further, it is usually 1000 times or less, preferably 500 times or less, more preferably 100 times or less. Furthermore, it is preferable that the particle size distribution of the polymer used as the raw material and the particle size distribution of the mixed powder of the drug used as the raw material and other additives do not overlap.
- the cumulative 10% particle diameter D10 in the volume-based measurement of the polymer used as the raw material is preferably larger than the cumulative 90% particle diameter D90 of the mixed powder of the drug used as the raw material and other additives.
- the cumulative 10% particle diameter D10 of the polymer used as the raw material is preferably 1 or more times the cumulative 90% particle diameter D90 of the mixed powder of the drug used as the raw material and other additives, and preferably twice or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 4 times or more. Also, it is usually 500 times or less, preferably 250 times or less, more preferably 50 times or less.
- the drug-containing particle of the present invention is a particle comprising a shell (or wall) and a hollow portion, and a particle containing a drug and a polymer in the shell.
- the particle has a structure in which a hollow portion is surrounded by a wall made of a composition containing a drug and a polymer.
- a feature of the particle of the present invention is that the inside of the particle has a hollow structure. This “hollow” is different from a state where there are many voids whose positions are not fixed as in a normal tablet, and is surrounded by a wall (shell) of a drug-containing composition and completely independent.
- the hollow volume ratio of the drug-containing particles of the present invention to the total volume of the particles is 1% to 50%, preferably 1% to 30%, more preferably 1.5% to 30%, and particularly preferably 2% to 30%. %. From another viewpoint, it is 4% to 50%, preferably 4% to 40%, more preferably 10% to 40%, and still more preferably about 10 to 30%.
- the hollow volume ratio is obtained by dividing the hollow volume by the volume of the particles. Since the particles of the present invention generally have a high sphericity, the volume is determined assuming that both the hollow particles and the particles are spherical.
- the volume of the sphere is determined by calculating the major axis and minor axis of the hollow and the particle at the center of the particle by X-ray CT (Computed Tomography), and assuming the averages as the hollow diameter and the particle diameter, respectively. Is calculated by obtaining.
- the “hollow volume ratio” in the present invention is calculated by the following formula.
- Hollow volume ratio [%] (4/3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (hollow part diameter / 2) 3 ) / (4/3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (particle diameter of drug-containing particles / 2) 3 ) ⁇ 100
- the particle diameter of the drug-containing particles and the diameter of the hollow part are measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and an average value measured ten times is used.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention have a wall (shell) outside the hollow.
- the shell thickness can be arbitrarily set, but if the shell thickness is small, the strength of the particles becomes weak.
- the shell thickness of the present invention is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and most preferably 30 ⁇ m or more.
- the shell thickness can be measured by, for example, X-ray CT (Computer Tomography).
- the shell thickness ratio of this invention is arbitrary, and is calculated
- Shell thickness ratio [%] (shell thickness / (particle diameter of drug-containing particles / 2)) ⁇ 100
- a feature of the drug-containing particles of the present invention is that the size of the particles can be freely adjusted. Accordingly, the average particle size is about 1 to 7000 ⁇ m, preferably about 5 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably about 10 to 500 ⁇ m, still more preferably about 10 to 400 ⁇ m, still more preferably about 20 to 300 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably about 50 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the particles can be adjusted.
- the viewpoint of particle strength it is preferably about 50 to 7000 ⁇ m, more preferably about 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, still more preferably about 50 to 500 ⁇ m, and from another viewpoint, preferably about 70 to 7000 ⁇ m, more preferably about 70 to 1000 ⁇ m, More preferably, particles of about 70 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably about 70 to 300 ⁇ m, and most preferably about 100 to 300 ⁇ m can be prepared.
- the size of the drug-containing particles can be adjusted by adjusting the average particle size of the polymer as described above.
- the diameter of the hollow portion is usually 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the diameter of the hollow portion can be freely adjusted, and is usually adjusted to about 10 to 5000 ⁇ m, preferably about 20 to 700 ⁇ m, more preferably about 30 to 300 ⁇ m, and further preferably about 50 to 200 ⁇ m. it can.
- the hollow ratio can be freely changed in accordance with the size of the particles.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention are that they have a “smooth surface” shape.
- the smooth surface means that there are no corners and the surface is not uneven. Since the fluidity of the particles to be filled is required at the time of filling the drug-containing particles during tableting, capsule production, etc., it is preferable that the drug-containing particles have a smooth surface. Even when the drug-containing particles are coated to further provide functionality, the drug-containing particles preferably have a smooth surface in order to improve efficiency. Such smoothness of the surface can be visually observed, for example. When observing visually, it may be observed by magnifying with a microscope or the like.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention may be “not smooth”, but are preferably “very smooth”, “smooth” or “slightly smooth”, more preferably “very smooth” or “smooth”, “ “Very smooth” is even more preferred. Further, it can be measured using a shape measurement laser microscope VK-X200 (KEYENCE).
- the “surface is smooth” means that the surface roughness (Ra value) measured by the above-mentioned equipment is 3.5 or less, preferably 2.5 or less, more preferably 1.5 or less. means. The smoothness of the surface is affected by the ratio of the average particle size of the polymer and drug and / or other additives.
- the average particle size of the polymer is at least 5 times, preferably at least 10 times, more preferably at least 15 times, even more preferably at least 20 times, particularly preferably the average particle size of the drug and / or other additives.
- a thing 25 times or more is preferable. Further, it is usually 1000 times or less, preferably 500 times or less, more preferably 100 times or less.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention have a spherical shape.
- “spherical” means that the aspect ratio is 1.0 to 1.5. Preferably it is 1.0 to 1.4, more preferably 1.0 to 1.3. By having this shape, the fluidity at the time of filling the drug-containing particles during tableting, capsule production, etc. is good, and the efficiency is improved when processing such as coating.
- the major axis and minor axis of the particle are measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and an average value measured ten times is used. Further, it can be measured using Millitrack JPA (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
- the “particle size distribution width” in the present invention is determined by the ratio (D90 / D10) of the cumulative 90% particle diameter D90 and the cumulative 10% particle diameter D10 in the volume-based measurement of powder particles.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention can easily adjust the particle size distribution by adjusting the particle size of the polymer. For example, a particle group having a narrow particle size distribution width can be produced.
- the particle size distribution width is measured on a volume basis with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Pauleck, Participant Viewer).
- the width of the particle size distribution is narrow means that the specific particle size distribution width (D90 / D10) is 6.0 or less, preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 4.0 or less, and even more preferably 3 Means less than or equal to.
- the strength of the hollow particles can be evaluated by the particle shell strength.
- the particle destructive test force and the diameter of the drug-containing particles are measured with a Shimadzu micro compression tester MCT-W500 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the drug-containing particles are coated with a functional polymer or the like using a fluidized bed granulator or various fine particle coating apparatuses that require the mechanical strength of the particles in order to impart an additional function.
- the particles of the present invention have sufficient particle strength. Since the particles have a hollow portion, the normal particle strength measurement method also calculates the hollow portion as a solid, and thus cannot be evaluated correctly. Therefore, the particle shell strength excluding the hollow portion can be used for measurement.
- the “sufficient particle strength” in the present invention specifically means that the particle shell strength of the drug-containing particles is 2.0 MPa or more, preferably 3.0 MPa or more, more preferably 4.0 MPa or more, and further preferably 5. It means 0 MPa or more.
- the “particle diameter of the drug-containing particles” in the present invention is obtained by calculation using the following formula.
- the particle diameter of the drug-containing particles can be calculated by the following formula.
- Particle diameter [ ⁇ m] of drug-containing particles (long particle diameter + short particle diameter) / 2
- the major and minor diameters of such particles are measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and the average value measured 10 times is used.
- Shell thickness [ ⁇ m] (particle diameter of drug-containing particles ⁇ diameter of hollow portion) / 2
- the particle diameter of the drug-containing particles and the diameter of the hollow part are measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and an average value measured ten times is used.
- the “shell thickness ratio” in the present invention is calculated by the following formula.
- Shell thickness ratio [%] (shell thickness / (particle diameter of drug-containing particles / 2)) ⁇ 100
- the particle diameter of such drug-containing particles is measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and an average value measured 10 times is used.
- the “hollow volume ratio” in the present invention is obtained by calculation using the following formula.
- Hollow volume ratio [%] (4/3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (hollow part diameter / 2) 3 ) / (4/3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (particle diameter of drug-containing particles / 2) 3 ) ⁇ 100
- the particle diameter of the drug-containing particles and the diameter of the hollow part are measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and an average value measured ten times is used.
- the “particle size distribution ratio between polymer and drug (D50 / D50)” in the present invention can be obtained by calculation using the following equation.
- Particle size distribution ratio between polymer and drug (D50 / D50) D50 of polymer / D50 of drug
- the “particle size distribution ratio (D50 / D50) of the mixture of polymer, drug and other additives” in the present invention can be calculated by the following formula.
- Particle size distribution ratio of polymer, drug and other additives D50 of polymer / D50 of drug and other additives
- the particle size distribution of the polymer, the drug, and the mixture of the drug and other additives is determined by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Pauleck, Particle Viewer) or a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Shimadzu Corporation, SALD). -3000J) on a volume basis.
- the “particle size distribution ratio between polymer and drug (D10 / D90)” in the present invention is determined by calculation using the following equation.
- Particle size distribution ratio of polymer to drug (D10 / D90) D10 of polymer / D90 of drug
- the “particle size distribution ratio (D10 / D90) of the mixture of polymer, drug and other additives” in the present invention can be determined by the following formula.
- Particle size distribution ratio of polymer, drug and other additives D10 of polymer / D90 of drug and other additives
- the particle size distribution of the polymer, the drug, and the mixture of the drug and other additives is determined by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Pauleck, Particle Viewer) or a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Shimadzu Corporation, SALD). -3000J) on a volume basis.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention are useful as a medicine or a pharmaceutical raw material, and can be administered orally or parenterally to humans or animals.
- the dose may be appropriately selected depending on the drug used.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention are usually used as a medicine or a pharmaceutical composition containing a plurality of the drug-containing particles.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention can be made into various dosage forms depending on the purpose of use.
- the drug-containing particle of the present invention can be used as it is as a granule, an injection for preparation at the time of use, an implantable dosage form or the like. Further, it can be mixed with an optional additive and compressed into tablets (including orally disintegrating tablets), or filled into capsules to form capsules.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention can also be used as a suspension (aqueous suspension, oil suspension), emulsion or the like.
- the present invention also includes a method for producing hollow particles, characterized by comprising a step of granulating while spraying a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer in a powdery mixture containing the drug and the polymer, and the method. It also relates to the produced hollow particles.
- the drug, polymer, and solvent capable of dissolving the polymer are the same as those described above for the method for producing drug-containing particles of the present invention.
- other additives may be added as necessary, and examples of the other additives include those similar to those described above for the method for producing drug-containing particles of the present invention.
- Examples of the granulation method, drying method, solvent spraying method and the like are the same as those described above for the method for producing drug-containing particles of the present invention.
- Aminoalkyl Tacrylate Copolymer E (Eudragit E100): Evonik Degussa Japan Co., Ltd. Chitosan (Flornack C-100M): Nihon Suisan Co., Ltd. D-Mannitol (Perlitol 160C): Rocket Japan Co., Ltd. D-Mannitol (Perlitol 200SD): Rocket Japan Stock Company Crystallized Cellulose (Theorus KG-1000): Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation Crystalline Cellulose (Theorus UF-711): Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation Corn Starch (Corn Starch XX16): Nippon Food Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- Rice Starch Nippon Corn Starch Co., Ltd. Magnesium Carbonate (Light) ): Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (LH-21): Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Carmellose (NS-300): Gotoku Pharmaceutical Croscarmellose sodium (actisol SD-711): FMC Aspartame (Aspartame): Ajinomoto Neotame: DSP Gokyo Food & Chemical Co., Ltd. Aerosil (Aeroyl 200): Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. Magnesium stearate (magnesium stearate): Taihei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Test methods in the examples, test examples, and comparative examples are as follows.
- the particle size distribution of the drug, polymer, other additives, the mixture of the drug and other additives, and the obtained drug-containing particles is measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Pauleck, Particle Viewer) or a laser diffraction method.
- the particle size distribution was measured on a volume basis with a particle size distribution measuring device (SALD-3000J, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- SALD-3000J particle size distribution measuring device
- Appearance and cross section of drug-containing particles The appearance and cross section of the particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., S-3400N type).
- Aspect ratio long particle diameter / short particle diameter (measurement of particle strength of comparative example)
- Particle strength [MPa] 2.8 P / ( ⁇ ⁇ d 2 ) ⁇ 1000
- P Destructive testing force of particles [mN]
- d Diameter of drug-containing particles [ ⁇ m] (Measurement of particle shell strength)
- Particle shell strength [MPa] 2.8 P / ( ⁇ ⁇ d 2 ⁇ ⁇ d ′ 2 ) ⁇ 1000 P: Destructive testing force of particles [mN], d: Diameter of drug-containing particles [ ⁇ m], d ′: Diameter of hollow part [ ⁇ m]
- a value calculated from a shell thickness ratio is used. That is, it is calculated by the following formula.
- Diameter of hollow part [ ⁇ m] Diameter of drug-containing particle ⁇ (1 ⁇ shell thickness ratio / 100)
- the particle destructive test force and the diameter of the drug-containing particles were measured with a Shimadzu micro compression tester MCT-W500 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the particle size of the drug-containing particles was calculated by the following formula.
- Particle diameter [ ⁇ m] of drug-containing particles (long particle diameter + short particle diameter) / 2
- the major axis and minor axis of the particles were measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and the average value measured ten times was used.
- Shell thickness [ ⁇ m] (particle diameter of drug-containing particles ⁇ diameter of hollow portion) / 2
- the particle diameter of the drug-containing particles and the diameter of the hollow part were measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and the average value measured 10 times was used.
- Shell thickness ratio The “shell thickness ratio” in the present invention was calculated by the following formula.
- Shell thickness ratio [%] (shell thickness / (particle diameter of drug-containing particles / 2)) ⁇ 100 The particle diameter of such drug-containing particles was measured nondestructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (manufactured by SKYSCAN, SKYSCAN 1172), and the average value measured 10 times was used.
- the particle size distribution ratio (D50 / D50) between the polymer and the drug was calculated by the following formula.
- Particle size distribution ratio between polymer and drug (D50 / D50) D50 of polymer / D50 of drug
- the particle size distribution ratio (D50 / D50) of the mixture of the polymer, drug and other additives was determined by the following formula.
- Particle size distribution ratio of polymer, drug and other additives D50 of polymer / D50 of drug and other additives
- the particle size distribution of the polymer, the drug, and the mixture of the drug and other additives is determined by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Pauleck, Particle Viewer) or a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Shimadzu Corporation, SALD). -3000J) on a volume basis.
- the particle size distribution ratio (D10 / D90) between the polymer and the drug was calculated by the following formula.
- Particle size distribution ratio of polymer to drug D10 of polymer / D90 of drug
- the particle size distribution ratio (D10 / D90) of the mixed powder of the polymer, drug and other additives was determined by calculation using the following formula.
- Particle size distribution ratio of polymer, drug and other additives D10 of polymer / D90 of drug and other additives
- the particle size distribution of the polymer, the drug, and the mixture of the drug and other additives is determined by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Pauleck, Particle Viewer) or a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Shimadzu Corporation, SALD). -3000J) on a volume basis.
- Particle size distribution width D90 of drug-containing particles / D10 of drug-containing particles
- the particle size distribution of the drug-containing particles was measured on a volume basis with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (Particle Viewer, manufactured by POWREC).
- Example 1 ⁇ Type of drug> According to the formulation ratio and the charged amount in Table 1, drug-containing particles of Examples 1-1 to 1-7 were produced.
- the drugs used were zonisamide (1,2-benzoxazole-3-methanesulfamide, hereinafter referred to as Compound A), lurasidone hydrochloride ((3aR, 4S, 7R, 7aS) -2- ⁇ (1R , 2R) -2- [4- (1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl) piperazin-1-ylmethyl] cyclohexylmethyl ⁇ hexahydro-4,7-methano-2H-isoindole-1,3-dione hydride, hereinafter B), metformin hydrochloride (1,1-dimethylbiguanide monohydrochloride, hereinafter referred to as Compound C (Nippon Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)), mesalazine (5-amino-2-
- Hydroxylcellulose (HPC-L) particle size control products (100-165 mesh fraction and 165-200 mesh fraction) as a polymer were charged in the following granulator by 10% by weight with respect to the total charged amount.
- a high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 type (capacity: 5 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.) was used, and the production conditions shown in Table 2 were used.
- Example 1-7 purified water was used under the production conditions shown in Table 3 using a high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-100 (capacity: 100 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.). Granulation was performed for 24 minutes while spraying (solvent), and fluidized bed drying was performed using a flow coater FLO-5 type (manufactured by Freund Corporation) to obtain particles containing 90% by weight of the drug. The obtained particles were confirmed to be hollow, and the diameter of the hollow portion is shown in Table 37-1.
- VG high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator
- FM-VG-100 capacity: 100 L
- FLO-5 type manufactured by Freund Corporation
- the particle size distribution of the drug used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SALD-3000J, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the particle size distribution of the polymer used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Paurek).
- SALD-3000J laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device
- Paurek laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device
- FIGS. 1-1 to 1-6 The appearance and cross section of the prepared particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope (S-3400N type manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). The appearance of the particles is shown in FIGS. 1-1 to 1-6, and the cross-sections are shown in FIGS. 1-7 to 1-9. As can be seen in FIGS. 1-1 to 1-6, spherical particles with very high sphericity could be produced using any drug. Further, as observed in FIGS. 1-7 to 1-9, the cross section was hollow.
- the particle size distribution of the produced spherical particles was measured with Particle Viewer (manufactured by Paulek). The results are shown in Table 5. As shown in Table 5, no matter which drug is used, the particle size distribution width (the cumulative 90% particle diameter D90 and the cumulative 10% particle diameter D10 in the volume-based measurement of powder particles is not limited to the drug). Spherical particles having a very narrow ratio (D90 / D10) were produced.
- FIG. 1-10 shows the relationship between the particle size distribution of the polymer (hydroxypropylcellulose) in Example 1-6 and the particle size distribution of the drug-containing particles. As shown in FIG. 1-10, it was confirmed that the particle size distribution of the drug-containing particles reflects the particle size distribution of the polymer.
- Example 2 ⁇ Addition amount of hydroxypropyl cellulose> According to the prescription ratio and the charged amount in Table 6, a compound A jet mill pulverized product as a drug, a hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L) particle size controlled product as a polymer (100-165 mesh fractions of 5 to 15 with respect to the total charged amount) And 30% by weight of powder was charged into a high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 (volume: 5 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.) under the production conditions shown in Table 7.
- HPC-L hydroxypropylcellulose
- the particle size distribution of the produced particles was measured with a Particle Viewer (manufactured by POWREC). The results are shown in Table 8. As shown in Table 8, when the amount of polymer is between 5 and 30% by weight, the particle size distribution width (ratio of cumulative 90% particle diameter D90 and cumulative 10% particle diameter D10 in volume-based measurement of powder particles ( D90 / D10)) were very narrow particles.
- FIGS. 2-1 and 2-2 The appearance and cross section of the produced particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, S-3400N type).
- the external appearance of the spherical particles is shown in FIGS. 2-1 and 2-2, and the cross sections are shown in FIGS. 2-3 to 2-5.
- FIGS. 2-1 and 2-2 spherical particles with very high sphericity could be produced.
- the cross section was hollow.
- Example 3 Particles using various polymers> According to the prescription ratios and preparation amounts shown in Tables 9-1 and 9-2, the compound A was milled with a jet mill, and the polymer was a water-soluble polymer, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L) (100-165 mesh fraction).
- HPC-L hydroxypropylcellulose
- Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 200 meshon product
- polyvinylpyrrolidone 200 meshon product
- polyvinyl alcohol 60-140 mesh fraction
- pregelatinized starch 100-200 mesh fraction
- aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer which is a water-insoluble polymer RS (100-140 mesh fraction), ethyl cellulose (80 mesh pass product), and dry methacrylic acid copolymer LD (200 mesh product), which is an enteric polymer, are each powdered in a high speed stirring granulator vertical granulator (VG) ) FM-VG-05 type (capacity: 5 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.) was charged.
- VG high speed stirring granulator vertical granulator
- FM-VG-05 type capacity: 5 L
- the particle size distribution of the drug used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SALD-3000J, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the particle size distribution of the polymer used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Paurek). The measured values are shown in Table 11-1.
- the formulation of Example 1-1 is shown in Table 9-1, and the particle size distributions of the drug, polymer and drug-containing particles are shown in Tables 11-1 and 11-2.
- Example 3-5 the internal state of the drug-containing particles produced in Example 3-5 was observed non-destructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (SKYSCAN 1172, manufactured by SKYSCAN) (FIG. 3). As shown in FIG. 3, it was confirmed that hollow drug-containing particles could be produced.
- the particle size distribution of the produced particles was measured with a Particle Viewer (manufactured by POWREC). The results are shown in Table 11-2.
- Example 4 ⁇ Other additives> According to the prescription ratio and the charged amount in Table 12, Compound A and Compound B (both are jet mill pulverized products) as drugs, and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L) as polymer (Example 4-1: No particle size control, Examples 4-2: 200-325 mesh fraction) and other additives shown in Table 12 in powder form.
- the used drug, other additives, and the particle size distribution of the mixed powder of the drug and other additives were measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (SALD-3000J, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the polymer used
- SALD-3000J laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus
- Particle Viewer manufactured by POWREC
- a micro-type fluoroscopic mixer Tsukui Rikagaku Kikai
- Example 5-2 The prepared tablets were subjected to a dissolution test according to Test Example 1.
- Example 5-2 the drug-containing particles and the additives were weighed according to the charging amounts shown in Table 15, mixed in a plastic bag, and tableted with a simple molding machine table press TB-20H (NPa system) (flat) Tablet, ⁇ 7.5 mm, tableting pressure: 8 kN).
- the produced tablets were subjected to a dissolution test according to Test Example 2.
- the mixed powder before tableting produced in Example 5-1 was tableted with a simple molding machine table press TB-20H (NPa system) (flat corner angle, ⁇ 8.0 mm, tableting pressure: 5 kN).
- a tablet of Example 5-3 was obtained.
- the produced tablets were divided, and the cross section was observed with a scanning electron microscope (S-3400N type manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). As a result, the presence of the hollow particles shown in FIG. 4 was confirmed.
- Example 1 A dissolution test was performed using the tablets of Example 5-1. Based on the Fifteenth Amendment Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the elution test was performed using the paddle method, using 37 ° C./900 mL of purified water or the second dissolution test solution (about pH 7) as the test solution at a rotation speed of 50 rpm. The measurement time was 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes, the sampling solution was filtered and measured with an ultraviolet-visible absorptiometer, and the elution rate was calculated. ⁇ Measurement wavelength> Measurement wavelength: 285 nm
- Test Example 2 A dissolution test was conducted using the tablets of Example 5-2. Based on the fifteenth revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia, elution test method, paddle method, measurement was performed at a rotation speed of 50 rpm using 37 ° C./900 mL of MclIvine buffer solution pH 3.8 as a test solution. The measurement time was 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, the sampling solution was filtered and measured by HPLC, and the elution rate was calculated.
- Table 16 shows the dissolution test results of the tablets obtained in Examples 5-1 and 5-2.
- the particle size distribution of the used drug was measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, SALD-3000J), and the other additives used (crystalline cellulose (Ceolus PH-F20JP)
- SALD-3000J laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus
- crystalline cellulose Ceolus PH-F20JP
- the particle size distribution of) was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Pauleck, Participant Viewer), and the values are shown in Table 17.
- Example 6 and Comparative Example 2 ⁇ Effect of polymer (1)>
- the drug-containing particles of Examples 6-1 to 6-4 were produced according to the formulation ratio and the charged amount in Table 18-1. Jet mill pulverized product of compound A as drug, dry methacrylic acid copolymer LD (100-150 mesh fraction) which is enteric polymer as polymer, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E (Fitzmill (screen diameter: screen diameter) as gastric polymer 42) and 60-100 mesh fraction was used), aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS (100 mesh product) which is a sustained-release polymer, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-L) (100) which is a water-soluble polymer -150 mesh fraction) was weighed, and each powder was charged into a high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 type (volume: 5 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.).
- VG high-speed
- the mixed powder was subjected to dry granulation using a roller compactor TF-MINI (manufactured by Freund Corporation) under the production conditions shown in Table 19-2 to obtain compound A-containing particles.
- the particle size distribution of the polymer used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Particle Viewer, manufactured by POWREC), and the particle size distribution of the drug used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SHIMADZU CORPORATION).
- SALD-3000J laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device
- Table 20-1 The formulation of Example 3-7 is shown in Table 18-1, and the particle size distributions of the drug, polymer and drug-containing particles are shown in Tables 20-1 and 20-2.
- Test Example 3 Using the 30-140 mesh fraction of the drug-containing particles prepared in Examples 3-7, 6-1 to 6-4, and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5, a dissolution test was performed according to the following procedure.
- the test solution the first solution (about pH 1.2) or the second solution of dissolution test (about pH 7) of the 15th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia was used.
- ⁇ Preparation of standard solution> The compound A standard product was dried at 105 ° C. for 3 hours, and about 22 mg thereof was accurately weighed and dissolved in the test solution to make exactly 200 mL. 4 mL of this solution was accurately weighed and a test solution was added to make exactly 20 mL, which was used as a standard solution.
- ⁇ Preparation of sample solution> As a compound A, 25 mg equivalent of drug-containing particles were precisely weighed and used as a sample. Using 900 mL of the test solution, the test was conducted at 50 revolutions per minute according to the second method of dissolution test method of the 15th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia. After 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360 minutes from the start of dissolution test, sample 20 mL of eluate and pay attention to the same volume of test solution immediately heated to 37 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. And replenished. The eluate was filtered through a membrane filter (Millex-HA (registered trademark)) having a pore size of 0.45 ⁇ m or less.
- a membrane filter Millex-HA (registered trademark)
- FIGS. 6-1 to 6-4 The results for the second dissolution test are shown in FIGS. 6-1 to 6-4.
- dissolution of the drug-containing particles (Comparative Example 2-2) dry-granulated using a functional polymer (dried methacrylic acid copolymer LD, which is an enteric polymer) in the second solution is It was almost the same as the drug-containing particles not using the functional polymer (Comparative Example 2-1), and the effect of the functional polymer could not be exhibited.
- the drug-containing particles of the present invention Example 3-7) were eluted very quickly, and the effect of the functional polymer could be exhibited.
- the results of the first dissolution test are shown in Fig. 6-5. From FIG. 6-5, dissolution of drug-containing particles (Comparative Example 2-3) dry-granulated using a functional polymer (aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E, which is a gastric soluble polymer) in the first solution of dissolution test It was almost the same as the drug-containing particles not using the functional polymer (Comparative Example 2-1), and the effect of the functional polymer could not be exhibited. On the other hand, the drug-containing particles of the present invention (Example 6-2) were eluted very quickly, and the effect of the functional polymer could be exhibited. From these examples, it was confirmed that the drug-containing particles of the present invention were imparted with polymer functionality.
- a functional polymer aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E, which is a gastric soluble polymer
- Example 7 ⁇ Effect of polymer (2)> According to the formulation ratio and the charged amount in Table 21, the drug-containing particles of Examples 7-1 to 7-4 were produced. Jet mill pulverized product of indomethacin (1- (4-chlorobenzoyl) -5-methoxy-2-methyl-1-H-indole-3-acetic acid, hereinafter referred to as compound G) as a drug, enteric polymer as a polymer A certain dry methacrylic acid copolymer LD (100 mesh product), an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E which is a gastric soluble polymer (pulverized with Fitzmill (screen diameter: 42 mesh), using 60-100 mesh fraction), high sustained release Aminoalkylmethacrylate copolymer RS (100mesh product) as a molecule and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L) (100-150mesh fraction) as a water-soluble polymer are weighed, and each powder is a high-speed agitation gran
- VG FM-VG-05 type Capacity: 5L Was charged (manufactured by Powrex Corp.). Under the production conditions shown in Table 22, granulate for 29-61 minutes while spraying purified water or 95% ethanol aqueous solution (solvent), and fluidized bed drying using multiplex MP-01 type (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.). Compound G-containing particles were obtained. The obtained particles were confirmed to be hollow, and the diameter of the hollow portion is shown in Table 37-2.
- the particle size distribution of the polymer used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Particle Viewer, manufactured by POWREC), and the particle size distribution of the drug used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SHIMADZU CORPORATION). Manufactured by SALD-3000J), and the values are shown in Table 23-1.
- Test Example 4 Using the drug-containing particles prepared in Examples 7-1 to 7-4, a dissolution test was performed according to the following procedure.
- the test solution used was the second dissolution solution (about pH 7) of the 15th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
- ⁇ Preparation of standard solution> About 30 mg of the compound G standard product was accurately weighed and about 70 mL of water / acetonitrile (1/1) was added. It was dissolved by irradiating ultrasonic waves for 5 minutes, and water / acetonitrile (1/1) was added to make exactly 100 mL. 2 mL of this solution was accurately weighed, and water / acetonitrile (1/1) was added to make exactly 20 mL to obtain a standard solution.
- ⁇ Preparation of sample solution> As a compound G, 25 mg equivalent of drug-containing particles was precisely weighed to prepare a sample. Using 900 mL of the test solution, the test was conducted at 50 revolutions per minute according to the second method of dissolution test method of the 15th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia. 5, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360 minutes after the start of the dissolution test, 5 mL of the eluate was sampled. The eluate was filtered through a membrane filter (DISMIC-13HP 13 mm manufactured by ADVANTEC) having a pore size of 0.20 ⁇ m or less. About 3 mL of the first filtrate was removed, and the next filtrate was measured by HPLC to calculate the elution rate.
- DISMIC-13HP 13 mm manufactured by ADVANTEC
- drug-containing particles using functional polymers are functional polymers (aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS which is a sustained release polymer, amino acids which are gastric soluble polymers) which are very rapidly dissolved and are not easily dissolved in the second solution of the dissolution test.
- functional polymers dried methacrylic acid copolymer LD, which is an enteric polymer, hydroxypropyl cellulose, which is a water-soluble polymer
- aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS which is a sustained release polymer, amino acids which are gastric soluble polymers
- Example 8 ⁇ Low drug particles>
- the compound A was milled with a jet mill as a drug, and the polymer was a water-soluble polymer, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L) (100-150 mesh image).
- HPC-L hydroxypropylcellulose
- Min other additives shown in Table 24 were charged as powders into a high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 type (capacity: 5 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.).
- drug-containing particles having a very narrow particle size distribution range could be produced even when the drug content was very low.
- spherical particles The appearance of the produced particles was observed with a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., S-3400N type). The appearance of spherical particles is shown in Fig. 8-2. As can be seen in FIG. 8-2, spherical particles with very high sphericity could be produced.
- Comparative Example 3-1 Particles were produced by the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3. 250g of mosapride citrate, 750g of D-mannitol (Peritol 50C), 250g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (Prasudone K29-32), high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 (capacity: 5L) Prepared by Paulek) and mixed well. While continuing stirring at a blade rotation speed of 400 rpm and a chopper rotation speed of 3000 rpm, 130 g of purified water was sprayed at a rate of 8 g / min and granulated for 20 minutes.
- Comparative Example 3-2 Particles were produced by the technique disclosed in Patent Document 4.
- Compound A micronized product 133g, low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (LH-31) 347g, lactose hydrate (Pharmacat 200M) 87g, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L) 33g high speed stirring granulator vertical granulator (VG)
- An FM-VG-05 type (capacity: 5 L) (manufactured by Paulec Co., Ltd.) was charged and mixed well. While continuing stirring at a blade rotation speed of 400 rpm and a chopper rotation speed of 3000 rpm, 380 g of a 95% ethanol solution was dropped and granulated for 28 minutes.
- Comparative Example 3-3 Particles were produced by the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- Acetaminophen sample mill pulverized product 350g, D-mannitol (peritol 50C) 301g, low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (LH-21) 35g high speed stirring granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 type ( (Capacity: 5 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.) and mixed well.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the internal state of the spherical particles was observed non-destructively with a desktop micro CT scanner (SKYSCAN 1172, manufactured by SKYSCAN), but it was not hollow (FIGS. 9-6). The particle strength was 1.6 (MPa). From the above, it was found that drug-containing hollow particles cannot be produced by the production method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the particle size distribution of the drug used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SALD-3000J, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the particle size distribution of the polymer and other additives used was determined by the laser diffraction particle size distribution.
- Table 27 shows the values measured with a distribution measuring device (Particle Viewer, manufactured by POWREC).
- Example 9 ⁇ Drug particle size> According to the prescription ratio and the charged amount shown in Table 28, a compound A jet mill pulverized product having a different average particle size as a drug and a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-L) particle size control product (100-165 mesh fraction) as a functional polymer 10% powder was added to the charged amount. Granulation for 30 minutes while spraying 50% ethanol aqueous solution or purified water using the high speed stirring granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 type (volume: 5 L) under the production conditions shown in Table 29 Then, fluidized bed drying was performed using the multiplex FD-MP-01 type to obtain the compound A-containing particles of Examples 9-1 and 9-2.
- HPC-L hydroxypropyl cellulose
- the obtained particles were confirmed to be hollow, and the diameter of the hollow portion is shown in Table 37-2.
- the particle size distribution of the polymer used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Particle Viewer, manufactured by POWREC), and the particle size distribution of the drug used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SHIMADZU CORPORATION). Manufactured by SALD-3000J), and the value is shown as 30-1.
- the formulation of Example 1-1 is shown in Table 28, and the particle size distribution of the drug, polymer and drug-containing particles is shown in Tables 30-1 and 30-2.
- FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2 The appearance and cross section of the prepared particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope (S-3400N type manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). For Examples 9-1 and 9-2, the appearance of spherical particles is shown in FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2. As observed in FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2, drug-containing particles could be produced.
- Example 10 Polymer particle size> According to the formulation ratios and preparation amounts shown in Table 31, the drug-containing particles of Examples 10-1 to 10-4 were produced. Jet mill pulverized product of Compound A as a drug and various fractions of hydroxypropyl cellulose, which is a water-soluble polymer as a polymer, are powdered into a high-speed agitation granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 type (volume) : 5L) (manufactured by Paulec Co., Ltd.) Under the production conditions shown in Table 32, granulation was performed for 29-39 minutes while spraying a 50% aqueous ethanol solution (solvent), and fluidized bed drying was performed using multiplex MP-01 type (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.).
- Containing particles were obtained.
- the obtained particles were confirmed to be hollow, and the diameter of the hollow portion is shown in Table 37-2.
- the particle size distribution of the polymer used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Particle Viewer, manufactured by POWREC), and the particle size distribution of the drug used was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (SHIMADZU CORPORATION).
- SALD-3000J laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device
- Table 33-1 The formulation of Example 1-1 is shown in Table 31, and the particle size distributions of the drug, polymer and drug-containing particles are shown in Tables 33-1 and 33-2.
- Example 11 ⁇ Examination of water-soluble polymers of different grades>
- a compound A jet mill pulverized product, hydroxypropylcellulose HPC-SSL (100-140 mesh fraction) as a polymer, powder, high-speed stirring type A granulator vertical granulator (VG) FM-VG-05 type (capacity: 5 L) (manufactured by POWREC Co., Ltd.) was used.
- Test Example 5 According to the test method and / or calculation method described above for the drug-containing particles (hollow particles) obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and 6 to 11, the aspect ratio, the particle shell strength, the particle diameter of the drug-containing particles, the diameter of the hollow part Then, the shell thickness, the shell thickness ratio, the hollow volume ratio with respect to the volume of the entire particle, and the smoothness of the surface were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 37-1 and 37-2.
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Abstract
Description
この薬物含有粒子に機能を付与することによって、より有効な治療を施すことが可能となるが、固形医薬品製剤として最も一般的な錠剤にするためには薬物含有粒子が打錠工程で機能を損なわない程度に壊れないような強度を有する必要がある。しかしながら、水溶性、胃溶性、腸溶性等の機能を付与した薬物含有粒子において所望の部位での適切な溶出を保持しつつ、粒子の強度を上げるということを同時に解決することは容易ではなかった。
また、口腔内崩壊錠であれば、さらに口腔内でのザラツキがないような粒子径を制御した薬物含有粒子が必要である。また、カプセル剤であれば、薬物含有粒子が所定量封入されるような流動性を有する必要がある。
また、一般的に、核粒子に薬物をコーティングして薬物含有粒子を製造する方法も知られている。製剤の小型化のためには薬物含有率の高い粒子が要望されるが、核粒子に薬物をコーティングして薬物含有粒子を製造する方法では、薬物のコーティングに時間がかかる、得られた粒子が大きくなる、十分な薬物高含有率が得られない等の課題があった。
特許文献4には、核と核を被覆する膜層から構成され、該核中には不快な味の薬物及び水膨潤性物質が少なくとも含有されていると開示されている。具体的には薬物、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、乳糖水和物、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーターに仕込み、95%エタノール溶液を滴下し、造粒した核(粒子)が開示されている。
非特許文献1には、口腔内速崩壊錠の製造に適した崩壊剤の選定を目的として、アセトアミノフェン、マンニトール、崩壊剤を攪拌混合し、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース水溶液を添加して攪拌造粒する錠剤成形用顆粒の調製方法が記載されている。具体的には薬物、D-マンニトール、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを高速攪拌型造粒機に仕込み、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを精製水に溶解させた造粒液を滴下し、造粒した顆粒(粒子)が記載されている。
しかし、特許文献3、4、非特許文献1に具体的に記載された原料及び方法で製造した粒子は、後述の比較例で示すように、いずれも中空粒子ではなかった。
[1]シェル及び中空部からなる粒子であって、シェルが薬物と高分子を含み、粒子全体に対する中空の体積比率が1%~50%である、中空粒子(本明細書において「本発明の薬物含有粒子」とも称する。)。
[2]薬物と高分子を含む組成物からなる壁で中空部が包囲された構造を有する粒子であって、粒子全体に対する中空の体積比率が1%~50%である、中空粒子。
[3]薬物と高分子を含有する中空構造を有する粒子であって、粒子全体の体積に対する中空の体積比率が4%~50%の中空粒子。
ここで、「シェル及び中空部からなる粒子であって、シェルが薬物と高分子を含む」中空粒子と「薬物と高分子を含む組成物からなる壁で中空部が包囲された構造を有する粒子である」中空粒子と「薬物と高分子を含有する中空構造を有する粒子である」中空粒子(又は、「薬物と高分子を含有する中空構造を有する粒子」)はすべて同義である。
[4]シェル厚み(又は壁厚み)が15μm以上である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載の中空粒子。
[5]中空部(又は中空構造)の直径が10μm以上である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[6]原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる薬物の平均粒子径に対して5倍以上である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[7]原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる薬物の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[8]原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる薬物の平均粒子径に対して15倍以上である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[9]原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる薬物の平均粒子径に対して25倍以上である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[10]中空粒子100重量%あたりの薬物の含有量が0.1~96重量%である、上記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[11]中空粒子100重量%あたりの高分子の含有量が4~50重量%である、上記[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[12]高分子が、水溶性高分子、水不溶性高分子、腸溶性高分子、胃溶性高分子及び生分解性高分子からなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上である、上記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[13]高分子が、水溶性高分子を含む、上記[12]記載の中空粒子。
[14]高分子が、水不溶性高分子、腸溶性高分子、胃溶性高分子及び生分解性高分子からなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上である、上記[12]記載の中空粒子。
[15]水溶性高分子が、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、コポリビドン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール・アクリル酸・メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、酢酸ビニル・ビニルピロリドン共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール・ポリエチレングリコール・グラフトコポリマー、α化デンプン、デキストリン、デキストラン、プルラン、アルギン酸、ゼラチン、ペクチン、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、上記[12]又は[13]に記載の中空粒子。
[16]水不溶性高分子が、エチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS、アクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー分散液、酢酸ビニル樹脂、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、上記[12]又は[14]に記載の中空粒子。
[17]腸溶性高分子が、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテートサクシネート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、メタクリル酸コポリマーL、メタクリル酸コポリマーLD、乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD、メタクリル酸コポリマーS、メタクリル酸-アクリル酸n-ブチルコポリマー、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、上記[12]又は[14]に記載の中空粒子。
[18]胃溶性高分子が、ポリビニルアセタールジエチルアミノアセテート、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、上記[12]又は[14]に記載の中空粒子。
[19]生分解性高分子が、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、ポリカプロラクトンおよびそれらの共重合体、コラーゲン、キチン、キトサン、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、上記[12]又は[14]に記載の中空粒子。
[20]シェル(又は壁)を構成する組成物がさらに他の添加剤を含む、上記[1]~[19]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[21]他の添加剤が、賦形剤、結合剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、香料、流動化剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、可塑剤、凝集防止剤及びコーティング剤からなる群から選択される、上記[20]記載の中空粒子。
[22]他の添加剤が、賦形剤、結合剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、香料、流動化剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤及びコーティング剤からなる群から選択される、上記[20]記載の中空粒子。
[23]原料として用いる他の添加剤の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/5以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[24]原料として用いる他の添加剤の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/10以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[25]原料として用いる他の添加剤の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/15以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[26]原料として用いる他の添加剤の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/25以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[27]原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/5以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[28]原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/10以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[29]原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/15以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[30]原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/25以下である、上記[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[31]中空粒子のアスペクト比が、1.0~1.5である、上記[1]~[30]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[32]中空粒子の粒子シェル強度(又は粒子壁強度)が、2.0MPa以上である、上記[1]~[31]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[33]中空粒子の粒子シェル強度(又は粒子壁強度)が、3.0MPa以上である、上記[1]~[31]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
[34]上記[1]~[33]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子を複数含有する医薬組成物。
[35]中空粒子の粒度分布幅(D90/D10)が6以下である、上記[34]記載の医薬組成物。
[36]中空粒子の平均粒子径が50~1000μmである、上記[34]又は[35]に記載の医薬組成物。
[37]中空粒子の平均粒子径が50~500μmである、上記[34]又は[35]に記載の医薬組成物。
[38]顆粒剤、錠剤又はカプセル剤のいずれかの形態である、上記[34]~[37]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[39]錠剤の形態である、上記[38]記載の医薬組成物。
[40]薬物と高分子を含む粉末状の混合物に高分子を溶解し得る溶媒を噴霧しながら、造粒する工程を含むことを特徴とする、上記[1]~[5]及び[12]~[19]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子の製造方法。
[41]造粒が、攪拌造粒である、上記[40]記載の製造方法。
[42]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物の平均粒子径に対して5倍以上である、上記[40]又は[41]に記載の製造方法。
[43]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上である、上記[40]又は[41]に記載の製造方法。
[44]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物の平均粒子径に対して15倍以上である、上記[40]又は[41]に記載の製造方法。
[45]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物の平均粒子径に対して25倍以上である、上記[40]又は[41]に記載の製造方法。
[46]粉末状の混合物が、薬物と高分子以外の他の添加剤をさらに含む、上記[40]~[45]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[47]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して5倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[48]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[49]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して15倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[50]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して25倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[51]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径に対して5倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[52]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[53]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径に対して15倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[54]粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径に対して25倍以上である、上記[46]記載の製造方法。
[55]他の添加剤が、賦形剤、結合剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、香料、流動化剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、可塑剤、凝集防止剤及びコーティング剤からなる群から選択される、上記[46]~[54]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[56]他の添加剤が、賦形剤、結合剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、香料、流動化剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤及びコーティング剤からなる群から選択される、上記[46]~[54]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[57]薬物と高分子を含む粉末状の混合物に高分子を溶解し得る溶媒を噴霧しながら、造粒する工程を含むことを特徴とする、中空粒子の製造方法。
[58]薬物と高分子を含む粉末状の混合物に高分子を溶解し得る溶媒を噴霧しながら、造粒することによって得られる中空粒子。
[59]薬物と高分子を含む粉末状の混合物に高分子を溶解し得る溶媒を噴霧しながら、造粒することによって得られる上記[1]~[33]のいずれかに記載の中空粒子。
本発明の薬物含有粒子は、薬物の割合を増やすことで、薬物を高含有率で含む粒子も製造可能となることから、製剤の小型化が可能であり、製剤の服用性改善につながる。また、本発明によれば真球度が高い薬物含有粒子を製造することが可能であり、真球度が高い本発明の薬物含有粒子は、薬物の流動性不良を改善し、任意の粒子径や粒度分布幅で、少量であっても精度良くカプセル充填することが可能であるうえ、粒子の均質性に優れていることからカプセルへの少量充填であってもカプセルごとの品質にばらつきが生じにくく、医薬品の初期臨床開発において、用量が大きく異なる製剤を提供する時に、任意の用量のものを簡便に供給することが可能である。
また、本発明の粒子は中空を有しているため、その中空の割合を変化させることで消化管内の移動速度を変化させることができる。さらに粒子密度を適切に制御できるため、本発明の粒子と他の添加剤と混合し打錠する際に、混合均一性が良好となる。
本発明において『平均粒子径』とは、粉体粒子の体積基準測定における累積50%粒径D50を意味する。かかる平均粒子径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(例えば、パウレック社製、Particle Viewer又は島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J又はSympatec社製HELOS&RODOS)で体積基準により測定する。
(i)薬物
薬物としては、特に限定されることなく、使用することができる。本発明の方法に用いられる『薬物』とは、塩基性、酸性、両性、中性などの性質、溶解度を問わず、どのような薬物、化合物でも用いることができる。その中で、安定性や取り扱い易さの観点から、結晶性であることが好ましい。また、薬物は一種又は二種以上を混合して用いても良い。本発明の粒子は、薬物が溶解性の低いものにも効果を発揮する。例えば、高分子として、下記水溶性高分子を用いた場合には、速崩性、速溶性を発揮することができる。
本発明における原料として用いる薬物の平均粒子径は、小さい方がより表面の滑らかな薬物含有粒子を得ることができる。好ましくは20μm以下、より好ましくは10μm以下、さらに好ましくは5μm以下、最も好ましくは3μm以下である。薬物の平均粒子径 は、通常0.1μm以上である。
本発明において薬物の平均粒子径は、原料として上記の範囲であればよく、薬物含有粒子の製造過程等で変化してもよい。
本発明においては、薬物を、低含有率で含む粒子のみならず、高含有率(例えば薬物含有粒子100重量%あたり50~96重量%、好ましくは70~96重量%、さらに好ましくは90~96重量%)で含む粒子を製造することも可能である。低含有率で含む場合には、下記に記載の、その他の添加剤、好ましくは、溶媒に溶解されない添加剤を混合することで、製造することができる。
本発明における『高分子』とは、相対分子質量の大きい分子で、相対分子質量の小さい分子の多数回の繰り返しで構成された構造を有するものをいい、特に機能性高分子を指す。前記「相対分子質量の大きい分子」とは、平均分子量(重量平均分子量)が通常1000以上のものを指し、好ましくは5000以上のものを指し、さらに好ましくは10000以上のものを指す。また、分子量の上限は特に規定はないが、好ましくは10000000以下、より好ましくは5000000以下、さらに好ましくは2000000以下、特に好ましくは1000000以下のものを指す。機能性高分子の例としては、水溶性高分子、水不溶性高分子、腸溶性高分子、胃溶性高分子、大腸ターゲティングに用いられるようなキトサン等の生分解性高分子が挙げられ、好ましくは水溶性高分子、水不溶性高分子、腸溶性高分子、胃溶性高分子が挙げられる。高分子は、一種又は二種以上を混合して用いても良い。
本発明における原料として用いる高分子の好ましい平均粒子径としては0.5μm以上であり、好ましくは5μm以上であり、好ましい態様として、20μm以上、25μm以上、40μm以上、50μm以上であり、原料として用いる薬物及び/又は以下に記載する他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して5倍以上、好ましくは10倍以上、より好ましくは15倍以上、さらに好ましくは20倍以上、特に好ましくは25倍以上のものが好ましい。
ここで、本明細書において、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる薬物及び/又は以下に記載する他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して何倍であるかは、原料として用いる高分子と、原料として用いる薬物及び/又は以下に記載する他の添加剤の平均粒子径の粒度分布比(D50/D50)で示される。
例えば、後述の実施例1-1では、原料として用いる高分子(ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(100-165mesh))のD50は137.8、原料として用いる薬物(化合物A)のD50は2.7であり(表4)、粒度分布比(D50/D50)は、51.0(137.8/2.7=51.0)であるが(表38-1)、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる薬物の平均粒子径に対して51.0倍であると言える。
粒子シェル強度という観点では、原料として用いる高分子と、原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D50/D50)は大きいほど好ましい。また、通常1000倍以下であり、好ましくは500倍以下、より好ましくは100倍以下のものが好ましい。高分子の平均粒子径は、通常5mm以下である。好ましくは1mm以下、より好ましくは300μm以下、さらに好ましくは250μm、特に好ましくは200μm以下である。高分子粉末は例えば篩い法によって、ある粒度画分のものを選択的に用いることもできる。
例えば、USP(米国薬局方)、EP(欧州薬局方)、JP(日本薬局方)に記載の篩い番号の篩いを適宜選択し、分画することで、所望の粒度分布を持つ高分子として用いることが可能となる。また、粒子シェル強度という観点では、原料として用いる高分子の粒度分布幅(D90/D10)は小さいほど好ましい。
本発明において高分子の平均粒子径は、原料として上記の範囲であればよく、薬物含有粒子の製造過程等で変化してもよい。
別の観点から、好ましくは5~50重量%、より好ましくは5~40重量%、さらに好ましくは5~30重量%、特に好ましくは5~25重量%の範囲で用いられる。
本発明の薬物含有粒子としては、薬物含有粒子100重量%あたり、薬物が55~95.9重量%、高分子が4~40重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~5重量%で含有するもの;好ましくは、薬物が65~94.9重量%、高分子が5~30重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~5重量%で含有するもの;薬物が75~89.9重量%、高分子が10~20重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~5重量%で含有するものが挙げられる。
本発明の薬物含有粒子としては、薬物含有粒子100重量%あたり、薬物が0.1~95.9重量%、高分子が4~40重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~95.9重量%で含有するもの;好ましくは、薬物が1~94重量%、高分子が5~30重量%、後述の他の添加剤が1~94重量%で含有するもの;薬物が10~80重量%、高分子が10~20重量%、後述の他の添加剤が10~80重量%で含有するものが挙げられる。
本発明の薬物含有粒子としては、薬物含有粒子100重量%あたり、薬物が55~95.9重量%、高分子が4~40重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~5重量%で含有するもの(好ましくは、薬物が65~94.9重量%、高分子が5~30重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~5重量%で含有するもの;より好ましくは、薬物が75~89.9重量%、高分子が10~20重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~5重量%で含有するもの)であって、原料として用いる高分子の好ましい平均粒子径が原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上(好ましくは15倍以上、より好ましくは25倍以上)であるものが挙げられる。
本発明の薬物含有粒子としては、薬物含有粒子100重量%あたり、薬物が0.1~95.9重量%、高分子が4~40重量%、後述の他の添加剤が0.1~95.9重量%で含有するもの(好ましくは、薬物が1~94重量%、高分子が5~30重量%、後述の他の添加剤が1~94重量%で含有するもの;より好ましくは、薬物が10~80重量%、高分子が10~20重量%、後述の他の添加剤が10~80重量%で含有するもの)であって、原料として用いる高分子の好ましい平均粒子径が原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上(好ましくは15倍以上、より好ましくは25倍以上)であるものが挙げられる。
本発明の薬物含有粒子は、薬物(上記(i))と高分子(上記(ii))を含む粉末状の混合物に、該高分子を溶解し得る溶媒を添加、例えば、噴霧しながら造粒し、乾燥することで製造することができる。
造粒方法としては、攪拌機能を有するものであれば適宜選択することができる。例えば、攪拌造粒法、混合攪拌造粒法、高速攪拌造粒法、高速混合攪拌造粒法、転動攪拌流動層造粒法、転動造粒法を用いて製造することができる。この中でも、攪拌造粒法、混合攪拌造粒法、高速攪拌造粒法、高速混合攪拌造粒法を用いることが好ましい。攪拌造粒、混合攪拌造粒などに用いる造粒機としては、例えば、万能混合機(品川工業所製)、スーパーミキサー(株式会社カワタ製)、FMミキサ(日本コークス工業株式会社製)SPGシリーズ(不二パウダル株式会社製)、バーチカルグラニュレーター(例えば、FM-VG-05型、FM-VG-100型、株式会社パウレック製)、高速攪拌混合造粒機ファーママトリックス(株式会社奈良機械製作所製)、ハイスピードミキサー(深江パウテック株式会社製)、グラニュマイスト(フロイント産業株式会社製)、ニューグラマシン(株式会社セイシン企業製)、トリプルマスター(株式会社品川工業所製)などが挙げられる。本発明において、単純な流動層造粒法は、乾燥効率が高すぎて造粒が進まないために好ましくない。
乾燥方法としては、自体公知の方法を適宜選択することができる。例えば、棚式乾燥機や流動層による乾燥などが挙げられ、製造性の観点から流動層による乾燥が好ましい。
具体的には、本発明において、高分子として水溶性高分子を使用する場合は、溶媒として該高分子を溶解しうるもの(例えば、水、含水アルコール系溶媒等)を使用することができ、水又は含水エタノールを特に好適に使用することができる。また、高分子として水不溶性高分子を使用する場合は、溶媒として該高分子を溶解しうるもの(例えば、アルコール系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒等)を使用することができ、胃溶性高分子、腸溶性高分子、キトサン等の高分子も、すべて溶媒として該高分子を溶解しうるもの(例えば、アルコール系溶媒、より具体的にはエタノール)を使用することができる。
本発明における溶媒の使用量は薬物、高分子の種類、量などにより異なるが、通常、粒子を構成する各成分の総量100重量部に対して、5~60重量部、好ましくは10~53重量部、より好ましくは10~40重量部、さらに好ましくは15~40重量部である。薬物及び高分子を含む粉末状の混合物への添加は、噴霧により行うことが好ましい。
本発明において他の添加剤の平均粒子径は、原料として上記の範囲であればよく、薬物含有粒子の製造過程等で変化してもよい。
本発明の薬物含有粒子における、他の添加剤の量は、薬物の量を減ずればよく、薬物と他の添加剤とを合わせた含有率は、任意に設定できるが、好ましい使用量は、作製される薬物含有粒子100重量%あたり96重量%以下、好ましくは94重量%以下、より好ましくは92重量%以下、さらに好ましくは90重量%以下である。具体的には、粒子100重量%あたり50~96重量%、好ましくは60~94重量%、より好ましくは60~90重量%、さらに好ましくは70~90重量%、特に好ましくは80~90重量%である。
本発明の薬物含有粒子における、他の添加剤の量は、任意に設定できるが、好ましい使用量は、作製される薬物含有粒子100重量%あたり95.9重量%以下、好ましくは94重量%以下、より好ましくは92重量%以下、さらに好ましくは90重量%以下である。具体的には、粒子100重量%あたり0.1~95.9重量%、好ましくは1~94重量%、より好ましくは5~92重量%、さらに好ましくは10~80重量%である。
薬物含有粒子の製造には、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径は、原料として用いる薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して5倍以上、好ましくは10倍以上、より好ましくは15倍以上、さらに好ましくは20倍以上、特に好ましくは25倍以上のものが好ましい。また、通常10000000倍以下である。
さらには、原料として用いる高分子の粒度分布と、原料として用いる薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の粒度分布が重ならない方が好ましい。具体的には、例えば高分子の体積基準測定における累積10%粒子径D10が、薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の累積90%粒子径D90よりも大きい方が好ましい。言い換えると、高分子の累積10%粒子径D10が、薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の累積90%粒子径D90よりも1倍以上であることが好ましく、2倍以上であることがより好ましく、4倍以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、通常5000000倍以下である。
さらには、原料として用いる高分子の粒度分布と、原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布が重ならない方が好ましい。具体的には、例えば原料として用いる高分子の体積基準測定における累積10%粒子径D10が、原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の累積90%粒子径D90よりも大きい方が好ましい。言い換えると、原料として用いる高分子の累積10%粒子径D10が、原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の累積90%粒子径D90よりも1倍以上であることが好ましく、2倍以上であることがより好ましく、4倍以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、通常500倍以下であり、好ましくは250倍以下、より好ましくは50倍以下のものが好ましい。
本発明の薬物含有粒子は、シェル(又は壁)及び中空部からなる粒子であって、シェルに薬物と高分子を含んでいる粒子である。又は、薬物と高分子を含む組成物からなる壁で中空部が包囲された構造を有する粒子である。
本発明の粒子の特徴として、粒子内部が中空構造を有している点である。この『中空』とは、通常の錠剤において存在するような存在位置が定まっていない多数の空隙が存在する状態とは異なり、薬物含有組成物の壁(シェル(shell))で包囲され完全に独立した単一で、粒子中心に存在する空孔を指し、例えば、電子顕微鏡や光学顕微鏡でその存在を確認できる。
本発明の薬物含有粒子の粒子全体の体積に対する中空の体積比率は、1%~50%、好ましくは1%~30%、より好ましくは1.5%~30%、特に好ましくは2%~30%程度である。別の観点から4%~50%、好ましくは4%~40%、より好ましくは10%~40%、さらに好ましくは10~30%程度である。中空の体積比率は中空の体積を粒子の体積で除して求める。本発明の粒子は一般に球形度が高いので、中空、粒子とも球体と仮定して体積を求める。中空および粒子の体積は、X線CT(コンピュータ断層撮影装置)により粒子中心部分での中空および粒子の長径と短径を求め、各々その平均を中空直径、粒子直径と仮定して、球体の体積を求めることで算出する。
詳細には、本発明における『中空の体積比率』とは、以下の式により計算にて求められる。
中空の体積比率[%]=(4/3×π×(中空部の直径/2)3)/(4/3×π×(薬物含有粒子の粒子径/2)3)×100
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒子径、中空部の直径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いる。
また、本発明のシェル厚み率は任意であり、以下の式により求められる。好ましくは20~80%であり、より好ましくは30~70%である。
シェル厚み率[%]=(シェル厚み/(薬物含有粒子の粒子径/2))×100
粒子の強度の観点から、好ましくは50~7000μm程度、より好ましくは50~1000μm程度、さらに好ましくは50~500μm程度、別の観点から、好ましくは70~7000μm程度、より好ましくは70~1000μm程度、さらに好ましくは70~500μm程度、特により好ましくは70~300μm程度、最も好ましくは100~300μm程度の粒子を調整することができる。
本発明において、薬物含有粒子の大きさは、前述した通り、高分子の平均粒子径を調整することにより、調整することができる。
表面の滑らかさは、高分子と薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の平均粒子径の比に影響される。高分子の平均粒子径は、薬物及び/又は他の添加剤の平均粒子径に対して5倍以上、好ましくは10倍以上、より好ましくは15倍以上、さらに好ましくは20倍以上、特に好ましくは25倍以上のものが好ましい。また、通常1000倍以下であり、好ましくは500倍以下、より好ましくは100倍以下のものが好ましい。
アスペクト比=粒子の長径/粒子の短径
かかる粒子の長径、短径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いる。
また、ミリトラックJPA(日機装株式会社)を用いて測定することができる。
粒子シェル強度[MPa]=2.8P/(π×d2-π×d’2)×1000
P:粒子の破壊試験力[mN]、d:薬物含有粒子の直径[μm]、d’:中空部の直径[μm]
かかる粒子の破壊試験力、薬物含有粒子の直径は島津微小圧縮試験機MCT-W500(島津製作所製)によって測定する。
中空部の直径[μm]=(中空部の長径+中空部の短径)/2
かかる粒子の中空部の長径、短径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いる。
本発明の粒子は十分な粒子強度を有する。該粒子は中空部を有するため、通常の粒子強度の測定方法では中空部も固形物と計算してしまうことにより、正しく評価できないため、中空部分を除いた粒子シェル強度で測定が可能である。本発明における『十分な粒子強度』とは、具体的には、薬物含有粒子の粒子シェル強度が2.0MPa以上、好ましくは3.0MPa以上、より好ましくは4.0MPa以上、さらに好ましくは5.0MPa以上であることを意味する。
薬物含有粒子の粒子径は、以下の式により計算にて求められる。
薬物含有粒子の粒子径[μm]=(粒子の長径+粒子の短径)/2
かかる粒子の長径、短径を卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いる。
シェル厚み[μm]=(薬物含有粒子の粒子径-中空部の直径)/2
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒子径、中空部の直径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いる。
シェル厚み率[%]=(シェル厚み/(薬物含有粒子の粒子径/2))×100
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒子径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いる。
中空の体積比率[%]=(4/3×π×(中空部の直径/2)3)/(4/3×π×(薬物含有粒子の粒子径/2)3)×100
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒子径、中空部の直径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いる。
高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D50/D50)=高分子のD50/薬物のD50
本発明における『高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D50/D50)』とは、以下の式により計算にて求められる。
高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D50/D50)=高分子のD50/薬物と他の添加剤の混合末のD50
かかる高分子、薬物、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)又はレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)で体積基準により測定する。
高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D10/D90)=高分子のD10/薬物のD90
本発明における『高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D10/D90)』とは、以下の式により計算にて求められる。
高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D10/D90)=高分子のD10/薬物と他の添加剤の混合末のD90
かかる高分子、薬物、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)又はレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)で体積基準により測定する。
本発明の薬物含有粒子は、通常は当該薬物含有粒子を複数含有する医薬又は医薬組成物として用いられる。
薬物、高分子、高分子を溶解し得る溶媒は、本発明の薬物含有粒子の製造方法について前述したものと同様のものが例示される。該方法において、必要に応じて他の添加剤を含有させることもでき、他の添加剤としては、本発明の薬物含有粒子の製造方法について前述したものと同様のものが例示される。
造粒方法、乾燥方法、溶媒の噴霧方法等は、本発明の薬物含有粒子の製造方法について前述したものと同様のものが例示される。
本実施例、試験例及び比較例において使用した添加剤は、特に断りがない限り、以下のものを使用した。
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L):日本曹達株式会社
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-SSL):日本曹達株式会社
ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC、TC5-R):信越化学工業株式会社
ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP、プラスドンK29-32):ISP社
ポリビニルアルコール(PVA、ゴーセノールEG-05):日本合成化学工業株式会社
α化デンプン(アミコールC):日澱化学株式会社
アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS(オイドラギットRSPO):エボニックデグサジャパン株式会社
エチルセルロース(エトセル10P):ダウケミカル日本株式会社
乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD(オイドラギットL100-55):エボニックデグサジャパン株式会社
アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE(オイドラギットE100):エボニックデグサジャパン株式会社
キトサン(フローナックC-100M):日本水産株式会社
D-マンニトール(パーリトール160C):ロケットジャパン株式会社
D-マンニトール(パーリトール200SD):ロケットジャパン株式会社
結晶セルロース(セオラスKG-1000):旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社
結晶セルロース(セオラスUF-711):旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社
トウモロコシデンプン(コーンスターチXX16):日本食品化工株式会社
コメデンプン:日本コーンスターチ株式会社
炭酸マグネシウム(軽質):協和化学工業株式会社
低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(LH-21):信越化学工業株式会社
カルメロース(NS-300):五徳薬品株式会社
クロスカルメロースナトリウム(アクチゾルSD-711):FMC社
アスパルテーム(アスパルテーム):味の素
ネオテーム:DSP五協フード&ケミカル株式会社
アエロジル(アエロジール200):日本アエロジル株式会社
ステアリン酸マグネシウム(ステアリン酸マグネシウム):太平化学産業株式会社
(粒度分布)
薬物、高分子、他の添加剤、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末、得られた薬物含有粒子の粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)又はレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)で体積基準により測定した。
(薬物含有粒子の外観及び断面)
粒子の外観及び断面は、走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製、S-3400N型)にて観察した。
(薬物含有粒子の内部状態)
薬物含有粒子の内部状態は、卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に観察した。
(アスペクト比の算出)
得られた薬物含有粒子のアスペクト比は、特に断りがない限り、粒子の長径、短径を卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、以下の式にて算出した。10回測定した平均値を用いた。
アスペクト比=粒子の長径/粒子の短径
(比較例の粒子強度の測定)
中空構造を有しない比較例の粒子の破壊試験力、粒子径は島津微小圧縮試験機MCT-W500(島津製作所製)によって測定し、以下の式にて粒子強度を算出した(n=5)。
粒子強度[MPa]=2.8P/(π×d2)×1000
P:粒子の破壊試験力[mN]、d:薬物含有粒子の直径[μm]
(粒子シェル強度の測定)
粒子シェル強度は、以下の式により計算にて求めた(n=5)。
粒子シェル強度[MPa]=2.8P/(π×d2-π×d’2)×1000
P:粒子の破壊試験力[mN]、d:薬物含有粒子の直径[μm]、d’:中空部の直径[μm]
中空部の直径はシェル厚み率(下記記載の卓上型マイクロCTスキャナを用いて測定、算出する)より算出した値を用いる。すなわち以下の式により計算にて求められる。
中空部の直径[μm]=薬物含有粒子の直径×(1-シェル厚み率/100)
かかる粒子の破壊試験力、薬物含有粒子の直径は島津微小圧縮試験機MCT-W500(島津製作所製)によって測定した。
(薬物含有粒子の粒子径)
薬物含有粒子の粒子径は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
薬物含有粒子の粒子径[μm]=(粒子の長径+粒子の短径)/2
かかる粒子の長径、短径を卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いた。
(中空部の直径)
中空部の直径は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
中空部の直径[μm]=(中空部の長径+中空部の短径)/2
かかる粒子の中空部の長径、短径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いた。
(シェル厚み)
シェル厚みは、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
シェル厚み[μm]=(薬物含有粒子の粒子径-中空部の直径)/2
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒子径、中空部の直径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いた。
(シェル厚み率)
本発明における『シェル厚み率』とは、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
シェル厚み率[%]=(シェル厚み/(薬物含有粒子の粒子径/2))×100
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒子径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いた。
(中空の体積比率)
中空の体積比率は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
中空の体積比率[%]=(4/3×π×(中空部の直径/2)3)/(4/3×π×(薬物含有粒子の粒子径/2)3)×100
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒子径、中空部の直径は卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に測定し、10回測定した平均値を用いた。
(高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D50/D50);高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D50/D50))
高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D50/D50)は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D50/D50)=高分子のD50/薬物のD50
高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D50/D50)は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D50/D50)=高分子のD50/薬物と他の添加剤の混合末のD50
かかる高分子、薬物、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)又はレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)で体積基準により測定した。
(高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D10/D90);高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D10/D90))
高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D10/D90)は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
高分子と薬物の粒度分布比(D10/D90)=高分子のD10/薬物のD90
高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D10/D90)は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
高分子と、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布比(D10/D90)=高分子のD10/薬物と他の添加剤の混合末のD90
かかる高分子、薬物、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)又はレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)で体積基準により測定した。
(表面の滑らかさ)
目視で観察した。評価としては「非常に滑らか」を(+++)、「滑らか」を(++)、「やや滑らか」を(+)、「滑らかでない」を(-)で表す。「非常に滑らか」とは、粒子表面に明らかな角が認められなく、表面が凸凹していないことを表す。「滑らか」とは、粒子表面に明らかな角は認められないが、表面に緩やかな凹凸が認められることを表す。「やや滑らか」は、粒子表面に明らかな角が認められるか、明らかな凸凹が認められることを表す。「滑らかでない」は、粒子表面に明らかな角が認められ、明らかな凸凹が認められることを表す。
(粒度分布幅)
粒度分布幅は、以下の式により計算にて求めた。
粒度分布幅=薬物含有粒子のD90/薬物含有粒子のD10
かかる薬物含有粒子の粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)で体積基準により測定した。
<薬物の種類>
表1の処方比及び仕込量に従い、実施例1-1~1-7の薬物含有粒子を製造した。使用した薬物(いずれもジェットミル粉砕品)は、ゾニサミド(1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide、以下、化合物A)、ルラシドン塩酸塩((3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-2-{(1R,2R)-2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]cyclohexylmethyl}hexahydro-4,7-methano-2H-isoindole-1,3-dione hydrochloride、以下、化合物B)、塩酸メトホルミン(1,1-dimethylbiguanide monohydrochloride、以下、化合物C(新日本薬業株式会社))、メサラジン(5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid、以下、化合物D(新日本薬業株式会社))、3-[(1S)-1-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)ethyl]-5-{[amino(morpholin-4-yl)methylene]amino}isoxazole(以下、化合物E)及び5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine(以下、化合物F)である。
高分子としてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)の粒度コントロール品(100-165mesh画分及び165-200mesh画分)を全仕込量に対し10重量%を粉末で下記の造粒機に仕込んだ。実施例1-1~1-6については、高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)を用い、表2に示す製造条件にて50%エタノール又は20%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら30分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、それぞれの薬物を90重量%含有する粒子を得た。実施例1-7については、高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-100型(容量:100L)(株式会社パウレック製)を用い、表3に示す製造条件にて精製水(溶媒)をスプレーしながら24分間造粒し、フローコーターFLO-5型(フロイント産業製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、薬物を90重量%含有する粒子を得た。
得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-1に示した。
用いた薬物の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、値を表4に示した。
<ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースの添加量>
表6の処方比及び仕込量に従い、薬物として化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、高分子としてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)の粒度コントロール品(100-165mesh画分を全仕込量に対し5、15及び30重量%を粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表7に示す製造条件にて、精製水又は50%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら20~30分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、実施例2-1、2-2及び2-3の化合物A含有球形粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-1に示した。
薬物の粒度分布はレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、値を表4に示した。また、実施例1-1の処方及び薬物含有粒子の粒度分布は表6及び8に記載した。
<各種高分子を用いた粒子>
表9-1、9-2の処方比及び仕込量に従い、薬物として化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、高分子として水溶性高分子である、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)(100-165mesh画分)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(200mesh on品)、ポリビニルピロリドン(200mesh on品)、ポリビニルアルコール(60-140mesh画分)及びα化デンプン(100-200mesh画分)、水不溶性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS (100-140mesh画分)、エチルセルロース(80mesh pass品)、腸溶性高分子である乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD(200mesh on品)をそれぞれ粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表10に示す製造条件にて、精製水、50%エタノール水溶液、80%エタノール水溶液又は95%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら20~45分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、実施例3-1~3-7の化合物A含有球形粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-1に示した。
用いた薬物の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、値を表11-1に示した。また、実施例1-1の処方は表9-1に、薬物、高分子及び薬物含有粒子の粒度分布は表11-1及び11-2に記載した。
<他の添加剤>
表12の処方比及び仕込量に従い、薬物として化合物A、化合物B(いずれもジェットミル粉砕品)、高分子としてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)(実施例4-1:粒度コントロールなし、実施例4-2:200-325mesh画分)及び表12に示す他の添加剤を粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表13に示す製造条件にて、50%エタノール水溶液又は80%エタノール水溶液をスプレーしながら23-31分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、実施例4-1及び4-2の薬物球形粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-1に示した。
用いた薬物、他の添加剤、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、値を表14-1に示した。
実施例3-5、4-2で製造した薬物含有粒子を用い、表15の処方量及び仕込量に従い、添加剤を混合し、打錠し、実施例5-1及び5-2の錠剤を得た。
具体的には、実施例5-1では、表15の仕込量に従い、薬物含有粒子及び添加剤を秤量し、ミクロ型透視式混合機(筒井理化学器械)を用い、回転数30rpmにて5分間混合した。その混合品をロータリー式打錠機(VEL2:菊水製作所)を用い、回転数20rpmにて打錠した(平面すみ角、φ8.0mm、打錠圧:11-12kN)。作製した錠剤について、試験例1に従って溶出試験を行った。
実施例5-2では、表15の仕込量に従い、薬物含有粒子及び添加剤を秤量し、ポリ袋にて混合し、簡易成型機 テーブルプレス TB-20H(NPaシステム)にて打錠した(平錠、φ7.5mm、打錠圧:8kN)。作製した錠剤について、試験例2に従って溶出試験を行った。
さらに、上記実施例5-1で作製した打錠前の混合粉末を、簡易成型機 テーブルプレス TB-20H(NPaシステム)にて打錠し(平すみ角、φ8.0mm、打錠圧:5kN)、実施例5-3の錠剤を得た。作製した錠剤を分割し、その断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製S-3400N型)にて観察した。その結果、図4に示す中空粒子の存在が確認できた。
実施例5-1の錠剤を用いて溶出試験を行った。第十五改正日本薬局方に基づき溶出試験法パドル法で、試験液として37℃/900mLの精製水又は溶出試験第2液(約pH7)を用いて、回転数50rpmにて測定した。測定時間は5、10、15、30、45、60分とし、サンプリング液をフィルターろ過して、紫外可視吸光光度計にて測定し、溶出率を算出した。
<測定波長>
測定波長:285nm
実施例5-2の錠剤を用いて溶出試験を行った。第十五改正日本薬局方の溶出試験法パドル法に基づき、試験液として37℃/900mLのMclIvaine 緩衝液pH3.8を用いて、回転数50rpmにて測定した。測定時間は5、15、30、45、60分とし、サンプリング液をフィルターろ過して、HPLCにて測定し、溶出率を算出した。
<HPLC測定条件>
検出器:紫外吸光光度計
測定波長:230nm
カラム:Onyx Monolithic C18(4.6mmΦ×100 mmL)
カラム温度:40℃
流量:2.5mL/mim
注入量:25μL
サンプルクーラー:25℃
シリンジ洗浄液:水/アセトニトリル混液=1/1
移動相:薄めたリン酸(1→1000)/アセトニトリル混液(3:2)
特許文献1で開示されている手法にて球形粒子を得た。即ち、ハンマーミル(パウレック社製)で粉砕したアセトアミノフェン80部、結晶セルロース19部(商品名:セオラス PH-F20JP、旭化成社製)を高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込み、よく混合した。これを25℃、400回転/分で攪拌を続けながら、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(商品名:HPC-SL、日本曹達社製)1部をエタノール79部及び水20部の混液に溶解した溶液を添加し、25分間造粒した。造粒後、棚乾燥で45°C、3時間乾燥し、球形の粒子を得た。作製した球形粒子の内部状態を、卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に観察した。粒子の内部状態を図5に示すが、中空ではなかった。粒子強度は、2.3(MPa)であった。
<高分子の効果(1)>
表18-1の処方比及び仕込み量に従い、実施例6-1~6-4の薬物含有粒子を製造した。薬物として化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、高分子として腸溶性高分子である乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD(100-150mesh画分)、胃溶性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE(フィッツミル(スクリーン径:42mesh)で粉砕し、60-100mesh画分を用いた)、徐放性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS(100mesh on品)、水溶性高分子であるヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)(100-150mesh画分)を秤量し、それぞれ粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表19-1に示す製造条件にて、95%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら32~47分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、化合物A含有粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-2に示した。
表18-2の処方比及び仕込み量に従い、比較例2-1~2-5の薬物含有粒子を製造した。薬物として化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、高分子として腸溶性高分子である乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD(未分画品)、胃溶性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE(オイドラギットEPO、未分画品)、徐放性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS(未分画品)、水溶性高分子であるヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)(未分画品)を秤量し、ポリ袋にて十分に混合した。その混合末をローラーコンパクターTF-MINI(フロイント社製)を用い、表19-2に示す製造条件にて乾式造粒を行い、化合物A含有粒子を得た。
用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、用いた薬物の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、値を表20-1に示した。また、実施例3-7の処方は表18-1に、薬物、高分子及び薬物含有粒子の粒度分布は表20-1及び20-2に記載した。
実施例3-7、6-1~6-4、比較例2-1~2-5で作製した薬物含有粒子の30-140mesh画分を用い、以下の手順で溶出試験を行った。試験液は第十五改正日本薬局方の溶出試験第1液(約pH1.2)又は溶出試験第2液(約pH7)を用いた。
<標準溶液の調製>
化合物A標準品を105℃で3時間乾燥し、その約22mgを精密に量り、試験液に溶かし、正確に200mLとした。この溶液4mLを正確に量り、試験液を加えて正確に20mLとし、標準溶液とした。
<試料溶液の調製>
化合物Aとして25mg相当量の薬物含有粒子を精密に量り試料とした。試験液900mLを用い、第十五改正日本薬局方の溶出試験法第2法により、毎分50回転で試験を行った。溶出試験開始5、10、15、30、45、60、120、180、240、360分後、溶出液20mLをサンプリングし、直ちに37±0.5℃に加温した同容量の試験液を注意して補充した。溶出液は孔径0.45μm以下のメンブランフィルター(Millex-HA(登録商標))でろ過した。初めのろ液約10mLを除き、次のろ液を試料溶液とした。
<分析方法>
試料溶液及び標準溶液につき、紫外可視吸光度測定法により試験を行い、波長285nmにおける吸光度を測定し、溶出率を算出した。
図6-1より、機能性高分子(腸溶性高分子である乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD)を用いて乾式造粒した薬物含有粒子(比較例2-2)の溶出試験第2液での溶出は、機能性高分子を用いていない薬物含有粒子(比較例2-1)とほぼ同等であり、機能性高分子の効果が発揮できていなかった。一方で、本発明の薬物含有粒子(実施例3-7)は非常に速やかな溶出がみられ、機能性高分子の効果が発揮できていた。
図6-5より、機能性高分子(胃溶性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE)を用いて乾式造粒した薬物含有粒子(比較例2-3)の溶出試験第1液での溶出は、機能性高分子を用いていない薬物含有粒子(比較例2-1)とほぼ同等であり、機能性高分子の効果が発揮できていなかった。一方で、本発明の薬物含有粒子(実施例6-2)は非常に速やかな溶出がみられ、機能性高分子の効果が発揮できていた。
これらの実施例より、本発明の薬物含有粒子は高分子の機能性が付与されていることが確認できた。
<高分子の効果(2)>
表21の処方比及び仕込み量に従い、実施例7-1~7-4の薬物含有粒子を製造した。薬物としてインドメタシン(1-(4-クロロベンゾイル)-5-メトキシ-2-メチル-1-H-インドール-3-酢酸、以下、化合物G)のジェットミル粉砕品、高分子として腸溶性高分子である乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD(100mesh on品)、胃溶性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE(フィッツミル(スクリーン径:42mesh)で粉砕し、60-100mesh画分を用いた)、徐放性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS(100mesh on品)、水溶性高分子であるヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)(100-150mesh画分)を秤量し、それぞれ粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表22に示す製造条件にて、精製水又は95%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら29~61分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、化合物G含有粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-2に示した。
用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、用いた薬物の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、値を表23-1に示した。
実施例7-1~7-4で作製した薬物含有粒子を用い、以下の手順で溶出試験を行った。試験液は第十五改正日本薬局方の溶出試験第2液(約pH7)を用いた。
<標準溶液の調製>
化合物G標準品を約30mg精密に量り、水/アセトニトリル(1/1)約70mLを加えた。5分間超音波を照射して溶解させ、水/アセトニトリル(1/1)を加えて正確に100mLとした。この液2mLを正確に量り、水/アセトニトリル(1/1)を加えて正確に20mLとし、標準溶液とした。
<試料溶液の調製>
化合物Gとして25mg相当量の薬物含有粒子を精密に量り試料とした。試験液900mLを用い、第十五改正日本薬局方の溶出試験法第2法により、毎分50回転で試験を行った。溶出試験開始5、10、15、30、45、60、120、180、240、360分後、溶出液5mLをサンプリングした。溶出液は孔径0.20μm以下のメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC製DISMIC-13HP 13mm)でろ過した。初めのろ液約3mLを除き、次のろ液をHPLCにて測定し、溶出率を算出した。
<HPLC測定条件>
検出器:紫外吸光光度計
測定波長:320nm
カラム:Waters ACQUITY UPLC C18 2.1mm×30mm 1.7μm
カラム温度:40℃
流量:0.5mL/mim(A:0.25mL/mim、B:0.25mL/mim)
注入量:5μL
サンプルクーラー:25℃
シリンジ洗浄液:水/アセトニトリル混液=1/1
移動相:A:薄めたリン酸(1→1000)
B:アセトニトリル
図7より、溶出試験第2液に溶解する機能性高分子(腸溶性高分子である乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD、水溶性高分子であるヒドロキシプロピルセルロース)を用いた薬物含有粒子(実施例7-1、7-4)は非常に速やかな溶出がみられ、溶出試験第2液に溶解しにくい機能性高分子(徐放性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS、胃溶性高分子であるアミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE)を用いた薬物含有粒子(実施例7-2、7-3)の溶出は徐放性を示した。
これらの実施例より、本発明の薬物含有粒子は高分子の機能性が付与されていることが確認できた。
<低含量薬物粒子>
実施例8-1については、表24の処方比及び仕込み量に従い、薬物として化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、高分子として水溶性高分子であるヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)(100-150mesh画分)、表24に示すその他の添加剤を粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表25に示す製造条件にて、95%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら55分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、化合物A含有粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-2に示した。
用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、用いた薬物の及びその他の添加剤の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、値を26-1に示した。
特許文献3で開示されている手法にて粒子を作製した。クエン酸モサプリド250g、D-マンニトール(パーリトール50C)750g、ポリビニルピロリドン(プラスドンK29-32)250gを高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込み、よく混合した。これをブレード回転数400rpm、チョッパー回転数3000rpmで攪拌を続けながら、精製水130gを8g/分の速度で噴霧し、20分間造粒した。造粒後、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、薬物含有粒子を得た。作製した粒子の外観及び断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製、S-3400N型)にて観察した。粒子の外観を図9-1に、断面を図9-2に示すが、得られた粒子は球形でもなく、中空でもなかった。粒子強度は、1.7(MPa)であった。
以上より、特許文献3に開示されている製造方法では、薬物含有中空粒子が作製できないことが分かった。
特許文献4で開示されている手法にて粒子を作製した。化合物Aのミクロナイズド品133g、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(LH-31)347g、乳糖水和物(Pharmatose 200M)87g、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)33gを高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込み、よく混合した。これをブレード回転数400rpm、チョッパー回転数3000rpmで攪拌を続けながら、95%エタノール溶液380gを滴下し、28分間造粒した。造粒後、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、薬物含有粒子を得た。作製した粒子の外観を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製、S-3400N型)にて観察したが、一部球形粒子が認められた(図9-3)。その球形粒子の内部状態を、卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に観察したが、中空ではなかった(図9-4)。粒子強度は、2.2(MPa)であった。
以上より、特許文献4に開示されている製造方法では、薬物含有中空粒子が作製できないことが分かった。
非特許文献1で開示されている手法にて粒子を作製した。アセトアミノフェン サンプルミル粉砕品350g、D-マンニトール(パーリトール50C)301g、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(LH-21)35gを高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込み、よく混合した。これをブレード回転数400rpm、チョッパー回転数3000rpmで攪拌を続けながら、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)7gを精製水126gに溶解させた造粒液を滴下し、5分間造粒した。造粒後、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、薬物含有粒子を得た。作製した粒子の外観を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製、S-3400N型)にて観察したが、球形粒子は認められなかった(図9-5)。また、その球形粒子の内部状態を、卓上型マイクロCTスキャナ(SKYSCAN社製、SKYSCAN1172)にて非破壊的に観察したが、中空ではなかった(図9-6)。粒子強度は、1.6(MPa)であった。
以上より、非特許文献1に開示されている製造方法では、薬物含有中空粒子が作製できないことが分かった。
<薬物の粒子径>
表28の処方比及び仕込み量に従い、薬物として平均粒子径の異なる化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、機能性高分子としてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC-L)の粒度コントロール品(100-165mesh画分)を仕込み量に対し10%粉末添加した。高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)を用い、表29に示す製造条件にて、50%エタノール水溶液又は精製水をスプレーしながら30分間造粒し、マルチプレックスFD-MP-01型を用いて流動層乾燥し、実施例9-1、9-2の化合物A含有粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-2に示した。
用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、用いた薬物の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、値を30-1に示した。また、実施例1-1の処方は表28に、薬物、高分子及び薬物含有粒子の粒度分布は表30-1及び30-2に記載した。
<高分子の粒子径>
表31の処方比及び仕込み量に従い、実施例10-1~10-4の薬物含有粒子を製造した。薬物として化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、高分子として水溶性高分子であるヒドロキシプロピルセルロースの各種画分を、粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表32に示す製造条件にて、50%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら29-39分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、化合物A含有粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空部の直径を表37-2に示した。
用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、用いた薬物の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、値を表33-1に示した。また、実施例1-1の処方は表31に、薬物、高分子及び薬物含有粒子の粒度分布は表33-1及び33-2に記載した。
<異なるグレードの水溶性高分子の検討>
実施例11-1について、表34の処方比及び仕込み量に従い、薬物として化合物Aのジェットミル粉砕品、高分子としてヒドロキシプロピルセルロースHPC-SSL(100-140mesh画分)を、粉末で高速攪拌型造粒機バーチカルグラニュレーター(VG) FM-VG-05型(容量:5L)(株式会社パウレック製)に仕込んだ。表35に示す製造条件にて、80%エタノール水溶液(溶媒)をスプレーしながら19分間造粒し、マルチプレックスMP-01型(株式会社パウレック製)を用いて流動層乾燥し、球形度の高い化合物A含有中空粒子を得た。得られた粒子は中空であることを確認し、中空の粒子径を表37-2に示した。
用いた高分子の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(パウレック社製、Particle Viewer)にて測定し、用いた薬物の粒度分布については、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-3000J)にて測定し、値を表36-1に示した。
実施例1~4、6~11で得られた薬物含有粒子(中空粒子)について上記した試験方法及び/又は計算方法に従って、アスペクト比、粒子シェル強度、薬物含有粒子の粒子径、中空部の直径、シェル厚み、シェル厚み率、粒子全体の体積に対する中空の体積比率、表面の滑らかさについて評価した。結果を、表37-1、表37-2に示す。
Claims (32)
- シェル及び中空部からなる粒子であって、シェルが薬物と高分子を含み、粒子全体に対する中空の体積比率が1%~50%である、中空粒子。
- シェル厚みが15μm以上である、請求項1記載の中空粒子。
- 中空部の直径が10μm以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の中空粒子。
- 原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる薬物の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子。
- 中空粒子100重量%あたりの薬物の含有量が0.1~96重量%である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子。
- 中空粒子100重量%あたりの高分子の含有量が4~50重量%である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子。
- 高分子が、水溶性高分子、水不溶性高分子、腸溶性高分子、胃溶性高分子及び生分解性高分子からなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子。
- 高分子が、水溶性高分子を含む、請求項7記載の中空粒子。
- 高分子が、水不溶性高分子、腸溶性高分子、胃溶性高分子及び生分解性高分子からなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上である、請求項7記載の中空粒子。
- 水溶性高分子が、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、コポリビドン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール・アクリル酸・メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、酢酸ビニル・ビニルピロリドン共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール・ポリエチレングリコール・グラフトコポリマー、α化デンプン、デキストリン、デキストラン、プルラン、アルギン酸、ゼラチン、ペクチン、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項7又は8に記載の中空粒子。
- 水不溶性高分子が、エチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーRS、アクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー分散液、酢酸ビニル樹脂、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項7又は9に記載の中空粒子。
- 腸溶性高分子が、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテートサクシネート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、メタクリル酸コポリマーL、メタクリル酸コポリマーLD、乾燥メタクリル酸コポリマーLD、メタクリル酸コポリマーS、メタクリル酸-アクリル酸n-ブチルコポリマー、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項7又は9に記載の中空粒子。
- 胃溶性高分子が、ポリビニルアセタールジエチルアミノアセテート、アミノアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーE、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項7又は9に記載の中空粒子。
- 生分解性高分子が、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、ポリカプロラクトンおよびそれらの共重合体、コラーゲン、キチン、キトサン、及びそれらの一種又は二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項7又は9に記載の中空粒子。
- シェルを構成する組成物がさらに他の添加剤を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子。
- 他の添加剤が、賦形剤、結合剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、香料、流動化剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、可塑剤、凝集防止剤及びコーティング剤からなる群から選択される、請求項15記載の中空粒子。
- 原料として用いる薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径が、原料として用いる高分子の平均粒子径に対して1/10以下である、請求項15又は16に記載の中空粒子。
- 中空粒子のアスペクト比が、1.0~1.5である、請求項1~17のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子。
- 中空粒子の粒子シェル強度が、2.0MPa以上である、請求項1~18のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子。
- 請求項1~19のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子を複数含有する医薬組成物。
- 中空粒子の粒度分布幅(D90/D10)が6以下である、請求項20記載の医薬組成物。
- 中空粒子の平均粒子径が50~1000μmである、請求項20又は21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 中空粒子の平均粒子径が50~500μmである、請求項20又は21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 顆粒剤、錠剤又はカプセル剤のいずれかの形態である、請求項20~23のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物。
- 錠剤の形態である、請求項24記載の医薬組成物。
- 薬物と高分子を含む粉末状の混合物に高分子を溶解し得る溶媒を噴霧しながら、造粒する工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~3及び7~14のいずれか1項記載の中空粒子の製造方法。
- 造粒が、攪拌造粒である、請求項26記載の製造方法。
- 粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上である、請求項26又は27に記載の製造方法。
- 粉末状の混合物が、薬物と高分子以外の他の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項26~28のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 粉末状の混合物中の高分子の平均粒子径が、薬物と他の添加剤の混合末の平均粒子径に対して10倍以上である、請求項29記載の製造方法。
- 他の添加剤が、賦形剤、結合剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、香料、流動化剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、可塑剤、凝集防止剤及びコーティング剤からなる群から選択される、請求項29又は30に記載の製造方法。
- 薬物と高分子を含む粉末状の混合物に高分子を溶解し得る溶媒を噴霧しながら、造粒することによって得られる中空粒子。
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JP2019510071A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-04-11 | ハンミ ファーマシューティカルズ カンパニー リミテッド | 安定性及び溶出率が改善されたタダラフィル含有及びタムスロシン含有のカプセル複合製剤 |
WO2019130749A1 (ja) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | 大日本住友製薬株式会社 | 新規微粒子コーティング(薬物含有中空粒子及びその製法) |
WO2020080472A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | 大日本住友製薬株式会社 | コーティング方法 |
US11213615B2 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2022-01-04 | EndoClot Plus Co.. Ltd | Composition for submucosal injection, reagent combination, and applications thereof |
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US11969416B1 (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2024-04-30 | Lumos Pharma, Inc. | Compactable oral formulations of ibutamoren |
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Also Published As
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US20190254976A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
WO2014030204A1 (ja) | 2014-02-27 |
EP3791867A1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
US20170196815A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
EP2886109A4 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
EP2886109A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
CA2882544C (en) | 2020-12-29 |
CN110123781A (zh) | 2019-08-16 |
CA2882544A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
US20180228733A9 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
HK1209337A1 (en) | 2016-04-01 |
CN110123782A (zh) | 2019-08-16 |
US20230240994A1 (en) | 2023-08-03 |
US20150297520A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
EP2886109B1 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
CN104540499A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
KR20150043497A (ko) | 2015-04-22 |
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