WO2014025016A1 - 塩基性官能基を付与した活性炭、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
塩基性官能基を付与した活性炭、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to activated carbon provided with a basic functional group and a method for producing the same.
- Activated carbon is used for various adsorption applications due to its high specific surface area and developed pore structure. In order to effectively exhibit functions in such applications, activated carbon is required to have appropriate physical properties. It is known that physical properties such as the adsorption performance of activated carbon are influenced by the structure of activated carbon, mainly the specific surface area. However, activated carbon is hydrophobic and is inferior in the adsorption performance of polar substances such as water (substances with polar groups). Application to was difficult. In addition, activated carbon has poor wettability with water and does not make sufficient contact with water, resulting in poor adsorption capacity for adsorbents in water, so the adsorption efficiency of adsorbents in water (liquid) is air. Low compared to use in (gas).
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for improving hydrophilicity by oxidizing an activated carbon with an oxidizing agent such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to impart an acidic functional group to the surface of the activated carbon.
- Non-Patent Document 2 proposes a technique for improving hydrophilicity by adding urea or melamine to resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and incorporating nitrogen into the carbon skeleton (ring structure) of activated carbon.
- This invention is made
- the objective is to provide the activated carbon with favorable hydrophilic property, especially the activated carbon which the water vapor
- the present inventors have found that if a basic functional group is added to the activated carbon surface, the hydrophilicity of the activated carbon is improved and the water vapor adsorption amount can be improved.
- the present inventors have found that if the activated carbon is treated with a basic substance in the process of producing activated carbon, a basic functional group that contributes to improving the hydrophilicity of the activated carbon can be imparted to the surface of the activated carbon, thereby completing the present invention.
- the activated carbon of the present invention that has achieved the above object is summarized in that the basic functional group amount of the activated carbon is 0.470 meq / g or more.
- the basic functional group amount per specific surface area of the activated carbon is preferably 0.200 ⁇ meq / m 2 or more, and the ratio of the basic functional group amount to the acidic functional group amount of the activated carbon (base It is also a preferred embodiment that the amount of the functional functional group / the amount of acidic functional group) is 1.00 or more.
- an adsorbent using the activated carbon is also a preferred embodiment.
- the method for producing activated carbon according to the present invention that has solved the above-described object has a gist in that it includes a step of bringing activated carbon into contact with a basic substance to impart a basic functional group.
- the present invention also includes an adsorbent using activated carbon obtained by any one of the above production methods.
- the activated carbon of the present invention increases the amount of basic functional groups, the hydrophilicity of the activated carbon is improved and the effect of increasing the amount of water vapor adsorption can be exhibited.
- the amount of basic functional groups of activated carbon can be increased, and activated carbon with good hydrophilicity, particularly activated carbon with improved water vapor adsorption can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram showing a process for producing activated carbon of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph plotting the relationship between the basic functional group amount and the water vapor adsorption amount in the low relative pressure region.
- FIG. 3 is a graph plotting the relationship between the basic functional group amount per specific surface area and the water vapor adsorption amount in the low relative pressure region.
- adsorption amount the amount of adsorption in the low relative pressure region
- Reference 2 the medium relative pressure region
- the low relative pressure is the ratio of the water vapor pressure (adsorption equilibrium pressure) P [mmHg] and the water vapor saturated vapor pressure P 0 [mmHg] (relative pressure: P / P 0 ) in the adsorption equilibrium state. ) Is 0.6 or less.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a basic functional group amount of activated carbon of 0.470 meq / g or more.
- the amount of the basic functional group of the activated carbon is preferably 0.480 meq / g or more, more preferably 0.500 meq / g or more.
- the upper limit of the basic functional group amount of the activated carbon is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.00 meq / g or less, more preferably 1.50 meq / g or less, and still more preferably 1.00 meq / g or less.
- the amount of basic functional groups per specific surface area ( ⁇ meq / m 2 ) is greatly influenced by the adsorption performance of activated carbon, and the amount of basic functional groups per specific surface area is 0.200 ⁇ meq / m 2 or more, 0.200 ⁇ meq. It was found that a difference occurred at less than / m 2 . That is, it is desirable that the basic functional group amount of the activated carbon is not less than the predetermined value and the basic functional group amount per specific surface area is further increased, because the hydrophilicity is further increased and the water vapor adsorption amount is also improved.
- the amount of the basic functional group per specific surface area is preferably 0.200 ⁇ meq / m 2 or more, more preferably 0.230 ⁇ meq / m 2 or more.
- the upper limit of the basic functional group amount per specific surface area is not particularly limited.
- the activated carbon of the present invention tends to decrease the amount of acidic functional groups when the amount of basic functional groups is increased, but this removes acidic functional groups present on the activated carbon surface during the production process of activated carbon, This is probably because a basic functional group is imparted to the activated carbon surface from which the acidic functional group has been removed.
- the ratio of the basic functional group amount to the acidic functional group amount (basic functional group amount / acidic functional group amount) of activated carbon is 1. It is preferably 00 or more, more preferably 1.05 or more, and still more preferably 1.10 or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio between the basic functional group amount and the acidic functional group amount of the activated carbon is not particularly limited, but the basic functional group amount so that the ratio between the basic functional group amount and the acidic functional group amount is 1.00 or more. It is preferable to prepare an acidic functional group amount.
- the amount of acidic functional groups is preferably 1.5 meq / g or less, more preferably 1.0 meq / g or less, and still more preferably 0.8 meq / g or less.
- the shape of the activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a shape according to the application, and examples thereof include powder, granule, and fiber.
- activated carbon when activated carbon is used as the adsorbent in a liquid such as water, fibrous (for example, fiber diameter of about 5 to 30 ⁇ m) activated carbon may be used from the viewpoint of water permeability and pressure loss reduction.
- the upper limit and lower limit of the specific surface area of the activated carbon are not particularly limited from the viewpoint of adsorption performance.
- the specific surface area of the activated carbon is preferably 500 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 800 m 2 / g or more.
- strength of activated carbon may fall when a specific surface area becomes large too much, Preferably it is 4000 m ⁇ 2 > / g or less, More preferably, you may be 3500 m ⁇ 2 > / g or less.
- the specific surface area of activated carbon is a value determined by the BET method for measuring the nitrogen adsorption isotherm of porous carbon.
- the pore volume (total pore volume) and pore diameter of the activated carbon of the present invention are not particularly limited. What is necessary is just to adjust suitably the pore volume and pore diameter of activated carbon according to a to-be-adsorbed substance.
- the total pore volume is preferably 0.2 cm 3 / g or more, more preferably 0.5 cm 3 / g or more, preferably 3.0 cm 3 / g or less, more preferably 2.8 cm 3 / g or less. is there.
- the total pore volume means nitrogen having a relative pressure P / P 0 (P: pressure of an adsorbate gas in an adsorption equilibrium, P 0 : saturated vapor pressure of the adsorbate at the adsorption temperature) up to 0.93. This is a value determined by the BET method for measuring the amount of adsorption.
- the average pore diameter is preferably 1.5 nm or more, more preferably 1.6 nm or more, and preferably 4.0 nm or less, more preferably 3.5 nm or less.
- the average pore diameter is a value calculated by assuming that the pore shape is cylindrical using the specific surface area obtained by the BET method and the total pore volume obtained by the BET method [(4 ⁇ total pore volume by BET method) / specific surface area by BET method].
- the specific surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter and the like of the activated carbon of the present invention can be prepared by appropriately selecting the activated carbon raw material used for the raw material, heating conditions, and the like.
- the hydrophilicity of the activated carbon of the present invention can be expressed by the amount of water vapor adsorption. That is, if the hydrophilicity of the activated carbon is improved, the wettability between the activated carbon surface and water increases, and the water vapor adsorption amount increases.
- the adsorption performance of the activated carbon of the present invention is represented by the amount of water vapor adsorption as shown in the examples described later, but if the adsorption performance for water vapor is high, it exhibits excellent adsorption performance for various polar substances.
- the adsorption performance of the activated carbon of the present invention is not limited to the adsorption performance for water vapor.
- the activated carbon of the present invention (including activated carbon obtained by the production method of the present invention described later) can be used as an activated carbon for adsorption in various applications such as moisture adsorption in air, deodorization, and harmful substance removal. It is suitable as an adsorbent such as a gas adsorbent and a water purifier filler (filter medium, adsorbent).
- hydrophilicity is improved by the addition of a basic functional group, affinity with water is improved and good dispersibility is obtained.
- it when it is used as an electrode material, it can be used as activated carbon for an electrode with improved coating properties, improved wettability with an electrolytic solution, and excellent durability due to a decrease in the amount of acidic functional groups.
- the manufacturing method of the activated carbon which has a basic functional group of this invention is demonstrated based on the schematic process drawing shown in FIG. 1, the manufacturing method of this invention is not limited to the following manufacturing method, It can also change suitably. It is.
- the activation treatment step is a step of increasing the specific surface area and the pore volume by forming pores on the surface of the carbonaceous material and / or carbide of the carbonaceous material (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as “carbide”). is there.
- the carbonaceous material used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it is a known carbonaceous material as an activated carbon raw material.
- non-graphitizable carbon such as wood, sawdust, charcoal, coconut shell, cellulosic fiber, synthetic resin (eg phenol resin); mesophase pitch, pitch coke, petroleum coke, coal coke, needle coke, polyvinyl chloride, polyimide, And graphitizable carbon such as PAN; and mixtures thereof.
- synthetic resin such as a phenol resin or a combination of a synthetic resin and another carbonaceous material (for example, a paper-phenolic resin laminate) is preferable.
- the carbonaceous material may be subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment before activation treatment as necessary.
- the carbonaceous material carbide used in this step can be obtained by heat-treating the above carbonaceous material at 400 to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 3 hours in an inert gas.
- the method of activation treatment includes gas activation; chemical activation; and the like.
- Gas activation is a method of performing an activation treatment by supplying an activation gas after heating a carbide to a predetermined temperature.
- the activation gas water vapor, air, carbon dioxide gas, oxygen, combustion gas, and mixed gas thereof can be used.
- the chemical activation is a method of performing an activation process by mixing and heating a carbonaceous material and / or a carbonaceous material carbide and an activator.
- the activation treatment method is not particularly limited. However, as the activation treatment method, an activator containing an alkali metal compound is mixed with a carbonaceous material and / or a carbide of the carbonaceous material.
- an alkali activation treatment step in which activated carbon is obtained by heating in an active gas.
- Activated carbon having a higher specific surface area is obtained by alkali activation.
- the amount of acidic functional groups of activated carbon after activation treatment tends to increase, but the amount of acidic functional groups is reduced by applying a basic functional group application step and a heat treatment step described later. be able to.
- the effect of increasing the amount of basic functional groups is further exhibited by heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the alkali activator is preferably an alkali metal compound.
- the alkali metal compound is not limited as long as it is generally used as a carbide activator. Examples thereof include alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate; and alkali metal sulfates such as potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate. More preferred are alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and more preferred is potassium hydroxide.
- the activator may contain an activator other than the alkali metal compound.
- an activator other than the alkali metal compound for example, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, potassium sulfide and the like can be mentioned.
- the amount of the activator mixed with the carbonaceous material and / or the carbide of the carbonaceous material tends to increase the specific surface area of the activated carbon, and may be appropriately set so as to have a desired specific surface area.
- the mass ratio of the activator to the carbide of the carbonaceous material is preferably 0. .5 or more, more preferably 1 or more.
- the mass ratio of the activator is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and further preferably 4 or less. It is desirable to do.
- inert gas used in this step argon, helium, nitrogen and the like can be mentioned.
- the heating temperature in this step is low, activation does not proceed, and if it is too high, corrosion of the activation container or the activation furnace occurs and is not practical, so it is preferably 400 to 900 ° C, preferably 500 to 900 ° C, more preferably. 600 to 900 ° C.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, and is usually within 5 hours.
- the pretreatment step is a step of washing with water after the alkali activation treatment step as necessary and prior to the inorganic acid washing step, and the activated carbon is preferably repeatedly performed a plurality of times (for example, about 2 to 5 times).
- the removal rate of the alkali metal remaining therein can be increased.
- the temperature of the water used in this step is not particularly limited, and the water is preferably 20 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of increasing the alkali metal removal efficiency. On the other hand, if the temperature of the water is too high, loss of water due to evaporation increases, and therefore, when this step is performed under normal pressure, 100 ° C. or lower is preferable, and 95 ° C. or lower is more preferable.
- the inorganic acid washing step is a step of washing activated carbon such as alkali activated with an inorganic acid, and the alkali metal remaining on the activated carbon is washed away with an inorganic acid.
- the alkali metal removal rate can be increased by repeating a plurality of times (for example, about 2 to 5 times).
- the inorganic acid used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it is an inorganic acid generally used for removing alkali metals remaining on activated carbon during alkali activation, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and the like.
- hydrogen acids, and oxygen acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid, with hydrochloric acid being particularly preferred.
- the inorganic acid used in this step is preferably used as an aqueous inorganic acid solution.
- the concentration of the inorganic acid in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the removal efficiency of the inorganic acid and the production cost, 10 to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic acid with respect to 100 parts by mass of the activated carbon after the alkali activation treatment. It is preferable to adjust to the supplied concentration.
- liquid temperature of the inorganic acid aqueous solution used at this process is not specifically limited, It is desirable to set to the temperature range which can raise the removal efficiency of the alkali metal in activated carbon, suppressing the volatilization of an inorganic acid, for example, 50 C. or higher is preferable, preferably 100 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 85 ° C. or lower.
- the post-treatment step is a step of washing with water after the inorganic acid washing step, if necessary, and the removal rate of the inorganic acid remaining in the activated carbon is preferably performed by repeating a plurality of times (for example, about 2 to 5 times). Can be increased.
- the temperature of water used in this step is not particularly limited, and water is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 60 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of increasing the removal efficiency of inorganic acid.
- water is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 60 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of increasing the removal efficiency of inorganic acid.
- 100 ° C. or lower is preferable, and 95 ° C. or lower is more preferable.
- a basic functional group provision process is a process of making an activated carbon and a basic substance contact, and providing a basic functional group, and can increase the basic functional group amount of activated carbon by this process. Further, the inorganic acid remaining in the activated carbon is neutralized and removed by neutralizing with some basic substances, and as a result, the amount of acidic functional groups of the activated carbon is reduced.
- the basic substance used in this step is a substance that neutralizes with an inorganic acid and can impart a basic functional group to the activated carbon surface.
- heat decomposable basic substances such as ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate, organic amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, trimethylamine, and triethylamine, ammonia, etc. Of volatile basic substances. These basic substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Thermally decomposable basic substances such as ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate that exhibit an effect of increasing the amount of basic functional groups of activated carbon are preferable, and ammonium hydrogen carbonate is particularly preferable.
- This step may be performed using a solution in which the basic substance is dissolved in a solvent. Moreover, it is preferable that it is a solvent which also melt
- a solvent which also melt
- water, alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol are mentioned. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solution temperature used in this step is preferably set to be lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of the basic substance. Moreover, when it is a volatile thing, it is preferable to set to the temperature which is hard to volatilize as much as possible.
- the usage-amount of the basic substance used at this process is not specifically limited, For example, with respect to 100 mass parts of activated carbon, a basic substance becomes like this. Preferably it is 0.5 mass part or more, More preferably, it is 1.0 mass part or more, Preferably it is 100. It is preferable to supply not more than 50 parts by mass, more preferably not more than 50 parts by mass.
- This step may be repeated a plurality of times until the inorganic acid concentration in the activated carbon becomes a desired value or less, but when performing the water washing step described later, the inorganic acid content in 1 kg of activated carbon is 500 mg or less (When activated carbon further contains one or more kinds of metals, it is preferable to repeat the process until each metal content is 200 mg or less (for example, the contents of K, Fe, and Ni are 200 mg or less, respectively).
- the activated carbon production method of the present invention may include a step of further washing the obtained activated carbon with water after the basic functional group-adding step using the basic substance, and a plurality of times (for example, 2 to 5). Repeatedly, the removal rate of inorganic acids remaining in the activated carbon can be further increased. Furthermore, the basic substance remaining on the activated carbon surface and the salt generated by the neutralization reaction between the inorganic acid and the basic substance can be removed.
- the temperature of water used in this step is not particularly limited, and water is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 60 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of increasing the removal efficiency of inorganic acid.
- water is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 60 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of increasing the removal efficiency of inorganic acid.
- 100 ° C. or lower is preferable, and 95 ° C. or lower is more preferable.
- the water used in this step may contain other components as long as the purpose of this step is not hindered.
- the other components are not particularly limited as long as they can be quickly removed from the activated carbon by heating, and examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
- the activated charcoal subjected to the activation treatment is prepared to a desired size (for example, an average particle diameter of about 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m).
- the pulverization step may be performed before or after the heat treatment step described later.
- the method for pulverizing activated charcoal is not particularly limited, and may be performed using a ball mill, a disk mill, a bead mill, a jet mill, or the like.
- the ball mill is simple and preferable.
- the pulverization method using a ball mill includes a wet method and a dry method.
- what is necessary is just to change a grinding
- the heat treatment step is a step of heat-treating the activated carbon obtained in the step of imparting the basic functional group in an inert atmosphere.
- the inert gas used in this step include argon, helium, nitrogen, etc., preferably nitrogen.
- the heating temperature in this step is preferably 1500 ° C. or less, more preferably 1200 ° C. or less, further preferably 1000 ° C. or less, and still more preferably 800 ° C. or less.
- it is preferably 300 ° C. or higher, more preferably 400 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 500 ° C. or higher.
- the heating time is preferably heated for 1 minute or more in the above temperature range, more preferably 5 minutes or more, and still more preferably 10 minutes or more.
- the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon may be reduced to reduce the adsorption capacity. Therefore, it is preferably 10 hours or less, more preferably 8 hours or less, and even more preferably 4 hours. It is as follows.
- Example 1 ⁇ Activation process> As a carbonaceous material, a paper phenol resin laminate was treated and carbonized at 700 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a paper phenol resin carbide. To 50 g of the obtained paper phenolic resin carbide, 2.5 times as much potassium hydroxide in mass ratio (mass of activator / mass of carbonaceous material) was added as an activator, and in a nitrogen atmosphere at 800 ° C. for 2 hours. Treated and activated activated carbon was obtained.
- ⁇ Pretreatment process water washing process> 2 L of water (60 ° C.) was added to the obtained activated carbon and heated at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by filtration. After filtration, washing and dehydration were repeated using water (60 ° C.) until the activated carbon had a pH of 9 or less.
- ⁇ Basic functional group imparting step> To the obtained activated carbon, a 0.1% by mass ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH 4 HCO 3) aqueous solution as a basic substance solution was added to prepare a slurry having an activated carbon concentration of 10% by mass, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then dehydrated. Further, this process was repeated 5 times.
- NH 4 HCO 3 ammonium hydrogen carbonate
- the activated carbon obtained by the water washing step was pulverized using a disk mill type vibration mill (manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.) so that the average particle size was 5 to 15 ⁇ m, and the particle size of the activated carbon was prepared.
- ⁇ Heat treatment process> The obtained activated carbon was put into a muffle furnace (manufactured by Koyo Thermo Co., Ltd.), heated under a nitrogen flow (2 L / min) to a furnace temperature of 800 ° C. (heating rate: 10 ° C./min), and the temperature (800 ° C. ) For 2 hours, and then allowed to cool to room temperature in the furnace to obtain activated carbon (A).
- Example 2 Activated carbon (B) is produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that in the basic functional group imparting step, the basic substance solution is changed to a 0.5% by mass ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ) aqueous solution. did.
- Example 3 Activated carbon (C) is produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that in the basic functional group providing step, the basic substance solution is changed to a 5.0 mass% ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ) aqueous solution. did.
- Activated carbon (D) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water washing step after the basic functional group imparting step and the basic functional group imparting step was not performed.
- a sample (0.2 g) was vacuum-dried at 250 ° C. and then used in a liquid nitrogen atmosphere ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) using a specific surface area / pore diameter distribution measuring device (ASAP-2400 manufactured by Shimadzu-Micromeritics). The nitrogen adsorption isotherm was determined by measuring the amount of nitrogen gas adsorbed in the sample, and the specific surface area (m 2 / g) was determined by the BET method.
- the amount of the acidic functional group was determined according to the Boehm method (details thereof are described in the document “HPBoehm, Adzan. Catal, 16,179 (1966)”). Specifically, first, 50 ml of an aqueous solution of sodium ethoxide (0.1 mol / l) was added to 2 g of the sample, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 500 rpm and then left for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes and separated by filtration.
- 0.1 mol / l hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to 25 ml of the obtained filtrate, and the hydrochloric acid titration amount was measured when the pH reached 4.0.
- 0.1 mol / l hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to 25 ml of the aqueous sodium ethoxide solution (0.1 mol / l), and the hydrochloric acid titration amount was measured when the pH reached 4.0.
- the amount (meq / g) of acidic functional groups was computed by following formula (1).
- the amount of basic functional group was determined by back titration when measuring the amount of acidic functional group. Specifically, 50 ml of hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol / l) was added to 2 g of the sample, stirred for 2 hours at 500 rpm, and then allowed to stand for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes and separated by filtration. 0.1 mol / l sodium hydroxide was added dropwise to 25 ml of the obtained filtrate, and the sodium hydroxide titration when pH reached 8.0 was measured.
- Examples 1 to 3 are activated carbons that satisfy the provisions of the present invention, and showed a high water vapor adsorption amount (100 cc / g or more).
- Comparative Example 1 had a small amount of basic functional group and a small amount of water vapor adsorption (less than 100 cc / g).
- the basic functional group amount in the activated carbon increases as the basic substance concentration in the basic functional group imparting step increases.
- To increase the basic functional group quantity It is effective to increase the concentration.
- Comparative Example 1 having a small amount of basic functional groups had a small amount of water vapor adsorption. From this, it can be seen that the influence of the basic functional group amount on the water vapor adsorption amount is larger than the specific surface area.
- Example 2 has a smaller specific surface area than Comparative Example 1, but has a larger amount of basic functional groups.
- Example 2 has a larger amount of water vapor adsorption than Comparative Example 1, and this also indicates that the amount of basic functional groups on the water vapor adsorption amount is greater than the specific surface area.
- Comparative Example 1 is an example in which the amount of acidic functional groups is larger than that in Example 3, but the amount of basic functional groups is small. Since Comparative Example 1 has a smaller amount of water vapor adsorption than Example 3, it can be seen that the amount of basic functional groups on the amount of water vapor adsorption is greater than the amount of acidic functional groups.
- FIG. 2 is a graph plotting the relationship between the amount of basic functional groups and the amount of water vapor adsorption in the low relative pressure region (up to 0.6). From this figure, it is shown that when the amount of the basic functional group is increased, the water vapor adsorption amount is increased accordingly, and in particular, Example 1 in which the amount of the basic functional group is 0.470 meq / g or more. 3 to 3 (black circles in the figure) indicate a high water vapor adsorption amount.
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Abstract
Description
賦活処理工程は、炭素質物質および/または炭素質物質の炭化物(以下、まとめて「炭化物」ということがある)の表面に細孔を形成して、比表面積および細孔容積を大きくする工程である。
前処理工程は、必要に応じてアルカリ賦活処理工程の後、無機酸洗浄工程に先立って、水で洗浄する工程であって、好ましくは複数回(例えば2~5回程度)繰り返し行うことで活性炭中に残留するアルカリ金属の除去率を高めることができる。
無機酸洗浄工程は、アルカリ賦活などの賦活処理された活性炭を無機酸で洗浄する工程であって、活性炭に残留するアルカリ金属などを無機酸で洗浄して除去する。好ましくは複数回(例えば2~5回程度)繰り返し行うことでアルカリ金属除去率を高めることができる。
後処理工程は、必要に応じて無機酸洗浄工程後、水で洗浄する工程であって、好ましくは複数回(例えば2~5回程度)繰り返し行うことで活性炭中に残留する無機酸の除去率を高めることができる。
塩基性官能基付与工程は、活性炭と塩基性物質とを接触させて塩基性官能基を付与する工程であり、本工程によって活性炭の塩基性官能基量を増大させることができる。また活性炭に残存する無機酸は、一部の塩基性物質と中和反応することにより中和・除去され、その結果、活性炭の酸性官能基量が低減する。
本発明の活性炭の製造方法は、上記塩基性物質を用いた塩基性官能基付与工程の後、得られた活性炭を、さらに水で洗浄する工程を含んでもよく、また複数回(例えば2~5回程度)繰り返し行うことで活性炭中に残留する無機酸などの除去率を一層高めることができる。さらに、活性炭表面に残留する塩基性物質や、無機酸と塩基性物質の中和反応で生成した塩も除去できる。
粉砕工程では上記賦活処理された賦活炭を所望のサイズ(例えば平均粒子径1μm~20μm程度)に調製する工程である。粉砕工程は後記する加熱処理工程の前後いずれで行ってもよい。
加熱処理工程は、上記塩基性官能基を付与する工程で得られた活性炭を、不活性雰囲気下で加熱処理する工程である。本工程で用いる不活性ガスとしては、アルゴン、ヘリウム、窒素等が挙げられ、好ましくは窒素である。不活性雰囲気下(好ましくは窒素雰囲気下)で加熱処理することで、活性炭に残存する酸性官能基の分解や離脱を促進しつつ、活性炭の塩基性官能基量をさらに増大できる。
<賦活処理工程>
炭素質物質として紙フェノール樹脂積層板を窒素雰囲気中700℃で2時間処理して炭化して、紙フェノール樹脂の炭化物を得た。得られた紙フェノール樹脂炭化物50gに、賦活剤として質量比(賦活剤の質量/炭素質物質の炭化物の質量)で2.5倍の水酸化カリウムを添加し、窒素雰囲気中800℃で2時間処理し、賦活された活性炭を得た。
得られた活性炭に水(60℃)を2L加えて、100℃で1時間加熱した後、ろ過を行った。ろ過後、水(60℃)を用いて、活性炭のpHが9以下になるまで洗浄と脱水を繰り返し行った。
前処理工程によって得られた活性炭に、水1.7Lと塩酸(濃度35質量%)0.3Lを加えて100℃で1時間加熱した後、ろ過を行った。
無機酸洗浄工程によって得られた活性炭に水(60℃)を加えてpHが3以上となるまで洗浄と脱水を繰り返し行った。
得られた活性炭に、塩基性物質溶解液として0.1質量%の炭酸水素アンモニウム(NH4HCO3)水溶液を加えて、活性炭濃度が10質量%のスラリーを調製し、10分間攪拌した後、脱水した。更にこの工程を5回繰り返し行った。
塩基性官能基付与工程によって得られた活性炭に水(60℃)を加えて、活性炭濃度が10質量%のスラリーを調製し、10分間攪拌した後、脱水して活性炭を得た。
水洗工程により得られた活性炭を、ディスクミル型振動ミル(川崎重工株式会社製)を用いて平均粒子径が5~15μmとなるように粉砕を行って、活性炭の粒度を調製した。
得られた活性炭をマッフル炉(光洋サーモ社製)に入れ、窒素流通下(2L/min)、炉内温度800℃まで昇温し(昇温速度:10℃/分)、該温度(800℃)で2時間保持し、その後、炉内で室温まで放冷して活性炭(A)を得た。
塩基性官能基付与工程において、塩基性物質溶解液として0.5質量%の炭酸水素アンモニウム(NH4HCO3)水溶液に変更した以外は、上記実施例1と同様にして活性炭(B)を作製した。
塩基性官能基付与工程において、塩基性物質溶解液として5.0質量%の炭酸水素アンモニウム(NH4HCO3)水溶液に変更した以外は、上記実施例1と同様にして活性炭(C)を作製した。
塩基性官能基付与工程、塩基性官能基付与工程後の水洗浄工程を行わなかった以外は、上記実施例1と同様にして活性炭(D)を作製した。
試料(0.2g)を250℃にて真空乾燥させた後、比表面積・細孔径分布測定装置(島津-マイクロメリティックス社製ASAP-2400)を用いて液体窒素雰囲気下(-196℃)における窒素ガスの吸着量を測定して窒素吸着等温線を求め、BET法により比表面積(m2/g)を求めた。
酸性官能基の量は、Boehm法(文献「H.P.Boehm, Adzan. Catal, 16,179(1966)」にその詳細が記載されている)に従い求めた。具体的には、まず試料2gにナトリウムエトキシド水溶液(0.1mol/l)を50ml加え、2時間、500rpmで撹拌した後、24時間放置した。24時間経過後、さらに30分間撹拌を行い濾過分離した。得られた濾液25mlに対して0.1mol/lの塩酸を滴下し、pH4.0になるときの塩酸滴定量を測定した。また、ブランクテストとして、前記ナトリウムエトキシド水溶液(0.1mol/l)25mlに対して0.1mol/lの塩酸を滴下し、pH4.0になるときの塩酸滴定量を測定した。そして、下記式(1)により酸性官能基量(meq/g)を算出した。
b:試料を反応させたときの塩酸滴定量(ml)
S:試料質量(g)
塩基性官能基の量は、酸性官能基量測定時の逆滴定により求めた。具体的には試料2gに塩酸(0.1mol/l)を50ml加え、2時間、500rpmで撹拌した後、24時間放置した。24時間経過後、さらに30分間撹拌を行い濾過分離した。得られた濾液25mlに対して0.1mol/lの水酸化ナトリウムを滴下し、pH8.0になるときの水酸化ナトリウム滴定量を測定した。また、ブランクテストとして、前記塩酸(0.1mol/l)25mlに対して0.1mol/lの水酸化ナトリウムを滴下し、pH8.0になるときの水酸化ナトリウム滴定量を測定した。そして、下記式(2)により塩基性官能基量(meq/g)を算出した。
b:試料を反応させたときの水酸化ナトリウム滴定量(ml)
S:試料質量(g)
上記BET法により求めた比表面積(m2/g)と塩基性官能基量から、比表面積当たりの塩基性官能基量(μmeq/m2)を算出した。
試料40mgを250℃にて真空加熱した後、高精度ガス/蒸気吸着量測定装置(BELSORP-max,日本ベル株式会社製)を用いて298Kにおける水蒸気吸着等温線を測定した。得られた水蒸気吸着等温線より相対圧(P/P0)0.6までの水蒸気吸着量を算出した。
Claims (9)
- 活性炭の塩基性官能基量が0.470meq/g以上であることを特徴とする活性炭。
- 前記活性炭の比表面積当たりの塩基性官能基量が0.200μmeq/m2以上である請求項1に記載の活性炭。
- 前記活性炭の塩基性官能基量と酸性官能基量の比(塩基性官能基量/酸性官能基量)が、1.00以上である請求項1または2に記載の活性炭。
- 前記活性炭は、吸着用である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の活性炭。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の活性炭を用いた吸着材。
- 活性炭と塩基性物質とを接触させて塩基性官能基を付与する工程を含むことを特徴とする活性炭の製造方法。
- 前記塩基性官能基を付与する工程で得られた活性炭を、不活性雰囲気下で加熱処理する工程を含む請求項6に記載の活性炭の製造方法。
- 賦活処理工程で得られた活性炭を無機酸で洗浄する工程を含む請求項6または7に記載の活性炭の製造方法。
- 請求項6~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法によって得られた活性炭を用いた吸着材。
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CN114746175A (zh) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-07-12 | 关西热化学株式会社 | 分子状极性物质吸附炭 |
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US20150190782A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
US9731272B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
KR20150043246A (ko) | 2015-04-22 |
KR101993629B1 (ko) | 2019-07-02 |
US10016743B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
JP2014034500A (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
KR20170124591A (ko) | 2017-11-10 |
KR101948646B1 (ko) | 2019-02-15 |
US20170304802A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
CN104583119A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
JP5781992B2 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
CN104583119B (zh) | 2021-06-08 |
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