WO2014023082A1 - 用于提高眼睛中视黄斑色素密度并预防或治疗年龄相关性视黄斑衰退症的组合物 - Google Patents

用于提高眼睛中视黄斑色素密度并预防或治疗年龄相关性视黄斑衰退症的组合物 Download PDF

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WO2014023082A1
WO2014023082A1 PCT/CN2013/000933 CN2013000933W WO2014023082A1 WO 2014023082 A1 WO2014023082 A1 WO 2014023082A1 CN 2013000933 W CN2013000933 W CN 2013000933W WO 2014023082 A1 WO2014023082 A1 WO 2014023082A1
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zeaxanthin
lutein
composition
egcg
group
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PCT/CN2013/000933
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French (fr)
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许新德
张莉华
孙晓霞
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浙江医药股份有限公司新昌制药厂
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Priority to US14/419,938 priority Critical patent/US9889173B2/en
Priority to EP13827670.4A priority patent/EP2883544B1/en
Priority to ES13827670T priority patent/ES2710750T3/es
Publication of WO2014023082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014023082A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/82—Theaceae (Tea family), e.g. camellia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
    • A61K31/015—Hydrocarbons carbocyclic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/047—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • A61K31/355—Tocopherols, e.g. vitamin E
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/365—Lactones
    • A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/04—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/34—Copper; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents

Definitions

  • composition of macular degeneration Composition of macular degeneration, technical field
  • the present invention relates to a composition for improving the density of macular pigment in the eye and preventing or treating age-related macular degeneration, and belongs to the field of medicine and chemical industry.
  • Age-related macular degeneration is a major human blinding disease that often causes central vision loss and blindness in severe cases.
  • the incidence of macular degeneration is related to the age of the person. The older the patient, the more likely the disease is to occur.
  • the survey found that there are 15 million people over the age of 50 in North America who suffer from this disease, of which 1.2 million are seriously ill. In the United States, 30% of the population over the age of 75 suffer from a certain degree of ocular macular degeneration, and another 23% will develop the disease in the next five years.
  • Some surveys have shown that the incidence of macular degeneration in the age group 55-64, 65-74 years and older is 16.8%, 25.6% and 42%, respectively.
  • ocular macular degeneration There are two types of macular degeneration, non-exudative (dry) and exudative (wet). Both types of ocular macular degeneration reflect different pathological processes and usually occur simultaneously in both eyes of the patient and progress to depth if left untreated.
  • Vitreous is a random round yellow to white frog egg-shaped spot, transparent or translucent, between the retinal pigment epithelium and the Bruch's membrane.
  • the appearance of drusen often means a lesion of retinal pigment epithelial function.
  • Glass sputum has both hard and soft forms, and hard glass enamel (tumor) is due to the accumulation of metabolic debris in the retinal epithelial cells on the glass membrane.
  • Soft glass bottles are generally larger than hard glass and have unclear boundaries, usually formed by the shedding of retinal epithelial cells. There will be light after calcification of the glass crucible.
  • Dry macular degeneration often leads to atrophy and degeneration of the outer retina, retinal epithelial cells, vitreous membrane or choroidal capillaries, resulting in drusen, color dysfunction and other ocular dysfunction.
  • the wet macular degeneration is characterized by a septic or hemorrhagic detachment of the retinal epithelial cells or the sensory nerve layer, which leads to choroidal neovascularization. These can cause visual distortion or blurred central vision in the clinic, and blind eyes in severe cases.
  • AMD is an ophthalmic disease that causes blindness, which is often caused by the oxidation of lipids in the eye to form a fluorescent lipofuscin, which leads to the formation of drusen, drusen, and choroidal neovascularization. It is generally believed that long-term exposure of the eye to high-energy blue light accelerates the formation of this lipofuscin. At present, the exact mechanism of AMD formation is not very clear, and there is no clear treatment and prevention methods. However, many studies have shown that the formation and development of AMD are closely related to the content of carotenoids, especially lutein and zeaxanthin in human eyes. Flavin and zeaxanthin can delay the onset and formation of AMD.
  • Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids present on the retina of the human eye. They are selectively deposited in the macular area and throughout the retina, with the foveal circumference of the macula. The surrounding density is the highest, and the peripheral part of the retina is gradually reduced. These macular pigments are effective in preventing the occurrence of oxidation reactions on the retina. It can be considered that an effective way to treat and prevent macular degeneration or damage in the fundus is to supplement lutein and zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin
  • the good health effects of AMD are mainly due to their maximum absorption wavelength of about 450 nm, which is consistent with the wavelength of the most energetic blue light in visible light, so that lutein and zeaxanthin in the fundus macular can play a good filtering effect.
  • the destructive blue light absorption is filtered out, thereby protecting the eyes, reducing the oxidation of lipids therein, and delaying the occurrence and development of AMD.
  • lutein and zeaxanthin can be used to improve visual effects in the absence of AMD, such as blind eye disease in the elderly caused by myopia and senile muscle degeneration, as well as ultraviolet rays emitted by sunlight, computers, etc. Have a good health effect.
  • Lutein and zeaxanthin cannot be synthesized by themselves, and must be taken from the outside. Due to structural asymmetry, lutein can only be extracted from plants, and its main source is marigold flower.
  • the source of zeaxanthin is mainly in three aspects, which are extracted from plants such as alfalfa, chemically synthesized and passed through leaves.
  • the flavin isomerization is obtained by transposition reaction.
  • the zeaxanthin extracted from plants and obtained by chemical synthesis is a (3R, 3, R) stereoisomeric configuration, while lutein
  • the isomerization gives the (3R,3,S) isomer.
  • (3R,3,R)-zeaxanthin and ((3R,3,S, meso)-zeaxanthin are distributed in the human eye, especially in the middle of the macula, (3R, 3'S, meso)-corn yellow The higher the proportion of prime.
  • US 7,282,225 B1 discloses a dietary supplement comprising various vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, antioxidants, plant extracts, which is useful for enhancing visual function and acuity and for treating or preventing Macular degeneration, which uses a variety of plant extracts with limited resources, is complex in composition and does not notice the special effects of zeaxanthin.
  • US 2009/0155381 A1 describes a medicament for the treatment or prevention of AMD comprising lutein, zeaxanthin, various antioxidants. There is also no mention of the important role of zeaxanthin in eye health in this formulation.
  • US 2009/0181901 A1 describes the effect of a substance containing a -SH functional group or its mixture with anthocyanins on the bioavailability of carotenoids including lutein in humans.
  • US 2010/0330171 A1 describes nutritional supplements that contribute to eye health, this camp
  • the supplement consists of an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory substance, and an anti-angiogenic substance. It contains tocotrienol and green tea extract.
  • 13 ⁇ 4 7,887,84782 discloses a dietary ingredient containing vitamin 5, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, lutein, zeaxanthin, wherein the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin is between about 20:1 The amount of zeaxanthin is small.
  • US 7,267,830 B2 proposes a dietary supplement that delays ocular macular degeneration and improves visual health, including vitamin 5, lutein, zeaxanthin, copper, zinc, DHA, rosemary extract, and other vitamins and Minerals, etc., the composition of this formula is complex, and the ratio of lutein and zeaxanthin is fixed at about 2:1.
  • zeaxanthin is mainly in the cell at the center of the human eye macular, and concentrically leaves the concave portion and approaches the outer periphery of the macula, and the amount of zeaxanthin gradually decreases. The amount of flavin is gradually increasing. Lutein is the main yellow pigment in the periphery of the macula.
  • the ratio of lutein and zeaxanthin in lutein raw material marigold flower is about 10-12:1, which is in human blood.
  • the ratio is about 3-5:1.
  • the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin is 3:1.
  • this value is completely reversed.
  • the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin It became 1:3.
  • the change in the proportion of lutein and zeaxanthin in different parts of the human eye justifies the important and unique role of zeaxanthin, especially meso-zeaxanthin, in human eye health.
  • determining the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin in the dietary supplement formulation according to the ratio of zeaxanthin to lutein in the macular center enhances the concentration of zeaxanthin in the eye, thereby better delaying the AMD effect.
  • Green tea extracts are particularly noteworthy in these plant extracts.
  • Green tea polyphenols mainly contain four components such as GC (gallocatechin), CG (catechin gallate), GCG (gallocatechin gallate) , epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most active of green tea polyphenols.
  • GC gallocatechin
  • CG catechin gallate
  • GCG gallocatechin gallate
  • EGCG epigallocatechin gallate
  • the present invention provides a composition for improving Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) in the eye and for treating or preventing age-related fundus ocular yellowing disease.
  • the composition comprises lutein, zeaxanthin, and tea leaf extract, the weight ratio of the zeaxanthin to the lutein being >
  • the weight ratio of the zeaxanthin to the lutein is from 2:1 to 3:1.
  • the content of the zeaxanthin and the lutein is 2 mg to 120 mg, more preferably 6 mg to 20 mg.
  • the zeaxanthin is obtained by extracting from a plant by a conventional method or by chemical synthesis (3R, 3, R)-zeaxanthin or by isomerization of lutein (3R) , 3, S) - zeaxanthin.
  • the lutein and zeaxanthin are in the form of a free crystal or a fatty acid ester.
  • the tea leaf extract is a mixture of GC, CG, GCG and EGCG, or EGCG.
  • the content of the tea extract or EGCG is 10 mg to 200 mg, preferably 20 mg to 120 mgo.
  • the vitamin further comprises vitamins, antioxidants and/or trace elements; wherein the vitamin is selected from one or more of vitamins (, vitamin E, natural vitamin E and vitamin A; the antioxidant is beta-carrot And/or polyunsaturated fatty acids;
  • the trace elements are copper and/or zinc.
  • AMD age-related macular degeneration
  • MPD macular pigment density
  • the amount of zeaxanthin in the blood is not dominant, but in the human macula, the higher the amount of zeaxanthin, the higher the amount of zeaxanthin, especially in the center of the macula, not only
  • the ratio of zeaxanthin to lutein is more than 3:1, and there are also a large amount of meso-zeaxanthin that is not present in the blood, which indicates that zeaxanthin may play an important role in eye health. effect. From the molecular structure, zeaxanthin has one more conjugated double bond than lutein, and its antioxidant activity and ability to absorb high-energy blue light are theoretically stronger than lutein.
  • 3R, 3, R There are two main forms of zeaxanthin in the eye, namely (3R, 3, R) and (3R, 3, S).
  • the (3S, 3'S) configuration is only present in the center of the macula. .
  • (3R, 3, R) is taken from the outside and transferred to the macula by absorption in the blood.
  • (3R, 3'S) is in the retina by the action of an enzyme. Lutein isomerization is obtained by translocation.
  • zeaxanthin simply supplementing zeaxanthin can only guarantee the content of zeaxanthin in blood or yellow spot, but can not guarantee the supply of lutein in the body, and the body
  • the isomer configuration of zeaxanthin is consistent with the configuration of the ingested zeaxanthin; for example, lutein alone can be converted to meso-zeaxanthin (3R, 3, in the retina).
  • S, meso)-zeaxanthin but this transformation is limited by the level of invertase in the individual, which may cause the amount of meso-zeaxanthin in the center of the macula to be insufficient, thus affecting the function of the macula. Play.
  • the human body is best to supplement lutein and zeaxanthin at the same time, and considering the higher physiological activity of zeaxanthin, the higher the content of zeaxanthin in the central macular, the higher the supplement of zeaxanthin should be greater than
  • the amount of lutein supplement especially in the case of a large intake of lutein and zeaxanthin per meal, can ensure that a large amount of high physiological activity of zeax is ingested while ingesting sufficient lutein.
  • the formation mechanism of AMD disease is mainly caused by high-energy blue light damage or free radical oxidative damage of the retinal pigment epithelial cells, resulting in serous or hemorrhagic detachment, resulting in the formation of choroidal neovascularization or drusen, so it is supplemented with lutein and zeaxanthin. It is also beneficial to properly supplement some dietary ingredients that prevent angiogenesis.
  • Such as tea extract has this effect, especially clinical studies show that EGCG in tea extract can inhibit angiogenesis, migration, lumen formation and induce apoptosis by inhibiting angiogenesis-related factors and their receptors. The link acts to inhibit angiogenesis. Synergistic effects of tea extract with lutein and zeaxanthin are well coordinated to prevent or treat AMD disease.
  • the present invention seeks to supplement the amount of lutein and zeaxanthin in the body, particularly the macula, by ingesting a combination of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly in view of the important role of zeaxanthin in protecting eye health.
  • the ratio of zeaxanthin to lutein is often greater than 1, usually reaching 3:1.
  • a certain antioxidant component such as tea extract, especially EGCG, is added to the combined dietary supplement of lutein and zeaxanthin, thereby preventing or inhibiting the vein.
  • the formation of new blood vessels can inhibit the formation of new blood vessels in the retina to achieve an integrated prevention or treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  • Figure 1 shows the change rate of the mean MPOD within five days before and after taking placebo in the control group
  • Figure 2 shows the change of the mean value of MPOD within five days before and after taking the lutein in the intervention group.
  • Figure 3 shows the rate of change of the mean MPOD within five days before and after the intervention group took zeaxanthin;
  • Figure 4 shows the rate of change of the mean MPOD within five days before and after the intervention group took a composition in which the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin was 3:1;
  • Figure 5 shows the rate of change of the mean MPOD within five days before and after the intervention group took a composition in which the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin was 1:3;
  • Fig. 6 shows the rate of change of the mean MPOD within five days before and after the intervention group took a composition in which the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin was 1:3 and the antioxidant EGCG was used.
  • the trial selected patients aged 55 years and older on a voluntary basis, and confirmed 208 patients with AMD disease (88 males and 120 females). The following subjects were excluded from the selection: Other eye diseases may affect the trial. Test results; long-term or short-term use of related drugs, health products or other treatment methods may affect the judgment of the results; those who do not meet the inclusion criteria, do not consume the test drugs according to the regulations, or incomplete data, etc. affect the efficacy or safety judgment.
  • Control group 28 male 10, female 18 placebo
  • Test group I 32 male 13, female 19
  • Test group II 33 male 15, female 18) zeaxanthin 32mg
  • Test group III 32 male 14, female 18) lutein 24 mg + zeaxanthin 8 mg
  • Test group IV 32 male 13, female 19
  • Test group V 35 male 13, female 22
  • the active ingredient lutein in the formula is CarolGoldTM 10% TAB dosage form, and the zeaxanthin is 0 ⁇ 1"0 63 1 ⁇ 10% 1 ⁇ dosage form.
  • the EGCG content is 95%, purchased from Rongkai Plant Extract Co., Ltd.
  • the active ingredients lutein, zeaxanthin, EGCG, the rest are xylitol and tablets, such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, etc., first EGCG, hydroxymethyl
  • the cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose are mixed and subjected to wet granulation. After passing through a 30 mesh sieve, they are mixed with lutein and zeaxanthin 10% TAB and magnesium stearate, and then compressed to obtain a chewable tablet. It is 850mg.
  • the testers took chewable tablets and placebo tablets separately, and used the scintillation spectrophotometer to detect the macular pigment density (MPOD) in the left and right eyes every day for five days before the meal and five days before the end of the meal. Using each patient to take lutein and zeaxanthin chewable tablets for two months after the last five weeks
  • the ratio of the MPOD average to the MPOD mean of the five days before the meal was evaluated to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the chewable tablet on the patient's macular degeneration.
  • the indicators are measured once at the beginning and end of the test, and the indicators are classified into safety indicators and efficacy indicators.
  • the former includes general physical examination, blood, urine, routine examination, blood biochemical indicators, B-ultrasound, chest X-ray and electrocardiogram examination and other corresponding examinations.
  • the latter includes eye symptoms examination: 1 Detailed medical history, observation of eye symptoms: eye swelling, eye pain, photophobia, blurred vision, dry eyes and so on.
  • Data processing Analytical data was calculated using the statistical software STATE6.0. The paired t-test was used for the self-control data. The two groups were compared using the group t test. The latter was tested for the homogeneity of the variance. The variables with non-normal distribution or variance were converted to appropriate variables.
  • the transformed data is used for t-test; if the converted data is still not satisfied with the homogeneity of the normal variance, the t-test or the rank-sum test is used; but the coefficient of variation is too large, such as CV>50% of the data. , Apply the rank sum test. Efficacy indicators were tested by X 2 .
  • the biochemical indicators showed that there was no adverse reaction to the lutein and zeaxanthin chewable tablets.
  • the average values of the concentration of the macular pigment in the left and right eyes of the control group and the test group within five days before and after the test were shown in Figs. 1 to 6 .
  • Test group II 0.266 0.677
  • Test group III 0.240 2.267
  • Test group V 0.248 3.485 It can be seen from Table 2 that there is a significant difference in the change of MPOD in each test group compared with the control group.
  • X supplements lutein group
  • Test group II is better than the supplemented zeaxanthin group (test group I), probably because some lutein can be converted into zeaxanthin in the body, which plays a synergistic role.
  • zeaxanthin is added alone, the body is Only zeaxanthin without lutein did not achieve synergistic effects.
  • the MPOD increase effect was significantly better than lutein or zeaxanthin alone, and the ratio of zeaxanthin to lutein was 3:1 (test group IV), MPOD increased.
  • the effect was better than the ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin in the 3:1 test group (test group 111), and there was a significant difference between the two.
  • a certain amount of EGCG was ingested when supplementing the mixture of zeaxanthin and lutein (3:1) (test group V)
  • the effect of MPOD increase was the best, indicating that the synergy of the three was very obvious.
  • Example 2 A soft capsule consists of the following ratios: Ingredient Quantity (mg/granule) Lutein 2.0
  • Beta-Carotene 6.0 Natural Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopheryl acetate) 100.0 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA 20.0 Safflower oil 118.0 Total 250.0
  • Example 3 Hard capsules are composed of the following ratios: Ingredient Quantity (mg) Lutein 6.0
  • Vitamin A content greater than 80%
  • Vitamin E 50% powder (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate 20.0 powder 50%)
  • Vitamin C dry powder 100.0 Polyunsaturated fatty acid EPA dry powder 15.0 Copper 15.0 Zinc 40.0
  • Example 4 A tablet consisted of the following ratios: Quantity (mg/tablet) Lutein ester 120.0 Zeaxanthin ester 60.0 Tea ⁇ ** 100.0
  • Example 5 The hard capsules are composed of the following ratios: Quantity of ingredients (mg/granule) Lutein 20.0 Zeaxanthin 20.0 Tea extract* 200.0 Vitamin E 50% powder (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate 40.0 powder 50%)
  • Tea polyphenol content in tea extract is more than 80%, purchased from Jincheng Biotechnology. Blueberry polyphenol content is greater than 25%, purchased from Lingebei Organic Food Co., Ltd.

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Abstract

一种用于提高眼睛中视黄斑色素密度并预防或治疗年龄相关性视黄斑衰退症（AMD）的组合物，包括叶黄素、玉米黄素以及茶叶提取物，其中所述玉米黄素与所述叶黄素的重量比≥1。

Description

用于提高眼睛中视黄斑色素密度并预防或治疗年齢相关性
视黄斑衰退症的组合物 技术领域 说
本发明涉及一种用于提高眼睛中视黄斑色素密度并预防或治疗 年龄相关性视黄斑衰退症的组合物， 属于医药化工领域。
书
背景技术
年龄相关性视黄斑衰退症 (age-related macular degeneration, AMD) 是一种主要的人类致盲疾病， 发病时往往导致中央视力下降， 严重时 使人失明。视黄斑衰退症发病率与人的年龄相关， 年龄越大， 此病越 容易发生。调査发现，仅在北美就有 1500万 50岁以上的人患此疾病， 其中 120万人病情严重。 在美国 75岁以上的人口中， 30%患有某种 程度的视黄斑衰退症，另外有 23%的人口会在随后的五年中会患上此 种疾病。 有些调查表明， 在 55-64岁， 65-74岁及 75岁以上年龄段人 群中， 视黄斑衰退症的发病率分别为 16.8%， 25.6%和 42%。
视黄斑衰退症有两种类型， 分别是非渗出性 (干性)和渗出性 (湿 性)。 两种类型的视黄斑衰退症反映了不同的病理过程， 而且通常在 患者两只眼睛中同时发生， 如不予干预的话会往深度发展。
干性和湿性视黄斑衰退症都会伴随着人眼中玻璃疣 (drusen)的形 成。玻璃疣是一种无规则的圆形黄色到白色蛙卵状小斑点， 透明或半 透明， 处于视网膜色素上皮和玻璃膜 (Bruch's membrane)之间。 玻璃 疣的出现往往意味着视网膜色素上皮功能的病变。玻璃疣又有硬和软 两种形式， 硬玻璃疣 (瘤状)是由于玻璃膜上视网膜上皮细胞代谢碎片 的积累。软玻璃疣一般比硬玻璃疣大且有不明确的边界，通常是由视 网膜上皮细胞脱落而形成的。玻璃疣钙化后会有亮光。干性视黄斑衰 退往往会导致外部视网膜、视网膜上皮细胞、玻璃膜或者脉络膜毛细 血管层萎縮和退化， 从而形成玻璃疣， 颜色失调及其它眼功能障碍。 湿性视黄斑衰退的特征是视网膜上皮细胞或感觉神经层的浆状或出 血性脱落， 会导致脉络膜新生血管生成。这些在临床上都会导致视觉 变形或中央视觉模糊， 严重时会使眼睛失明。
如上所述， AMD是一种会导致失明的眼科疾病， 其往往是由于 眼中脂质氧化形成一种荧光性脂褐质而导致玻璃疣、玻璃膜、脉络膜 新生血管的生成。一般认为， 眼睛长期暴露于高能量的蓝光中会加速 这种脂褐质的形成。 目前 AMD形成的确切机理不是很清楚， 也没有 明确的治疗和预防方法， 但多项研究表明， AMD的形成与发展和人 眼中类胡萝卜素特别是叶黄素和玉米黄素的含量息息相关，多量的叶 黄素和玉米黄素能延缓 AMD的发生和形成， 另外， 体内的抗氧化剂 如维生素E、 维生素 A、 硒、 锌、 谷胱甘肽也能对 AMD的发展起到 抑制作用。 叶黄素和玉米黄素是唯一存在于人类眼视网膜上的一种类胡萝 卜素， 它们选择性地沉积在黄斑区和整个视网膜， 以黄斑的中心凹周 围密度为最高， 视网膜周边部分逐渐减少。这些黄斑色素能有效地防 止视网膜上氧化反应的发生。可以认为， 治疗和预防眼底黄斑衰退或 损伤的有效办法为补充叶黄素和玉米黄素。 叶黄素和玉米黄素对
AMD 良好的健康作用主要是由于它们的最大吸收波长在 450nm左 右， 与可见光中能量最大的蓝光的波长一致， 这样， 眼底黄斑中的叶 黄素和玉米黄素就能起到一种很好的过滤作用，将破坏性的蓝光吸收 过滤掉， 从而对保护眼睛， 减少其中的脂质氧化， 延缓 AMD的发生 和发展。 而且， 叶黄素和玉米黄素在无 AMD时可以用于提高视觉功 效， 如对青少年近视及老年的肌肉退化症等所导致的老年人盲眼病， 以及日光、 电脑等所发射的紫外线对眼睛的损害有较好的保健作用。 大量临床检测的结果表明：人体每日的推荐的叶黄素和玉米黄素摄入 量为 6mg， 一般认为， 叶黄素晶体可接受的日摄入量 (ADI)为 25mg/ 人 /天， 而不会引起胡萝卜素黄皮肤病。
叶黄素和玉米黄素独特的生理功能，己经引起了人们越来越大的 兴趣。目前国外出现了大量含以上两种天然色素的健康食品和强化食 品。 美国 FDA1995年批准了叶黄素和玉米黄素作为食品补充剂用于 食品中， 以提高其营养价值。
叶黄素和玉米黄素人体自身都不能合成， 必需从外界摄入。 由于 结构上的不对称性， 目前叶黄素只能从植物中提取， 其主要来源是万 寿菊花， 而玉米黄素来源主要有三个方面， 分别是从植物如枸杞中提 取， 化学合成以及通过叶黄素异构化转位反应得到。从植物中提取和 通过化学合成得到的玉米黄素是 (3R,3，R)立体异构构型， 而从叶黄素 异构化得到的为 (3R,3，S)异构体。(3R,3，R)-玉米黄素和 ((3R，3，S， meso)- 玉米黄素在人眼中都有分布， 特别的是越往视黄斑中央， （3R,3'S， meso)-玉米黄素的比例越高。
基于对叶黄素和玉米黄素眼健康功能的认识和法律法规的完善， 越来越多的人从事这方面的研究，市场上也出现了许多叶黄素和玉米 黄素治疗和预防眼底黄斑变性 (AMD)疾病方面的产品。在这些研究或 产品中，往往集中于叶黄素的功能，有关玉米黄素的功能也有所涉及， 但对玉米黄素和叶黄素的复合使用，特别是叶黄素配合玉米黄素其中 玉米黄素占多量， 并辅以一定量植物多酚类抗氧化剂治疗或预防 AMD的效果则未见报道。
US 7,282,225 B1公开了一种包含各种维生素、 矿物质、 类胡萝 卜素、抗氧化剂、植物提取物的膳食补充剂， 此膳食补充剂有益于增 强视觉功能和敏锐度， 并有助于治疗或预防视黄斑衰退症， 其中用到 多种资源受到限制的植物提取物， 成分复杂， 而且没有注意到玉米黄 素的特殊功效。
US 2009/0155381 A1描述了一种包含叶黄素、玉米黄素、多种抗 氧化剂的药物治疗或预防 AMD。 此配方中也没有提到玉米黄素在眼 健康的重要作用。
US 2009/0181901 A1介绍了一种含 -SH官能团的物质或其与花青 素的混合物对人体包括叶黄素在内的类胡萝卜素生物利用度的提高 作用。
US 2010/0330171 A1 说明了有助于眼健康的营养补充剂， 此营 养补充剂由一种抗氧化剂，一种抗炎物质，一种抗血管生成物质组成。 其中含有生育三烯酚和绿茶提取物。
1¾ 7，887，84782揭示了一种含维生素5、矿物质、多不饱和脂肪 酸、 叶黄素、玉米黄素的膳食成分， 其中提到叶黄素和玉米黄素的比 例约为 20:1之间， 玉米黄素的量较少。
US 7,267,830 B2提出了一种延缓视黄斑衰退症和提高视健康的 膳食补充剂成分， 其中包含维生素5、 叶黄素、 玉米黄素、 铜、 锌、 DHA、 迷迭香提取物以及其它维生素和矿物质等， 此配方成分复杂， 且叶黄素和玉米黄素比例固定在 2:1左右。
US 6,329,432 B2详细分析了人眼中玉米黄素立体异构体的分布， 认为相对于叶黄素， 越往视黄斑中央玉米黄素的含量越高， 特别是内 消旋玉米黄素 (meso-zeaxanthin)的含量在视黄斑正中央浓度达到最 高， 暗示着它们在视健康特别是在延缓 AMD疾病过程中起着重要的 作用。但在此专利中只强调内消旋玉米黄素在预防或治疗 AMD中的 作用， 没有注意到玉米黄素与叶黄素的协同配合作用， 也没注意到其 它物质的协同作用。
以上公开的申请或专利都试图通过一种或几种维生素、 抗氧化 剂、植物提取物与叶黄素和玉米黄素复配组成膳食补充剂， 从而对视 黄斑衰退症起到延缓或治疗效果。但在这些配方中大都只是强调叶黄 素的功能， 而对在人眼中起着重要作用的玉米黄素则没有深入的研 究。 实际上， 由于分子结构式中多存在一个共铌双键， 使得玉米黄素 比叶黄素有更强的抗氧化活性，其在人眼健康中可能起到更重要的作 用， 80年代中后期的一些研究也证明了在人眼视黄斑正中心的小区 内主要是玉米黄素， 同心地离开凹部而向黄斑的外周边靠近， 则玉米 黄素的量逐渐减少， 叶黄素的量随之渐增， 在黄斑外围， 叶黄素是主 要的黄色色素。
这一点也可从自然界和人体组织不同部位中叶黄素和玉米黄素 比例的变化中看出，叶黄素原料万寿菊花中叶黄素和玉米黄素的比例 为 10-12:1左右，在人体血液中这一比例大概为 3-5:1，在视黄斑外围， 叶黄素与玉米黄素的比例为 3:1， 而在视黄斑中心， 这一数值完全颠 倒过来， 叶黄素与玉米黄素的比例变成了 1 :3。 叶黄素和玉米黄素在 人眼中不同部位分布比例的变化恰恰说明了玉米黄素特别是内消旋 玉米黄素在人体眼睛健康中重要而又独特的作用。如根据视黄斑中心 玉米黄素与叶黄素的比例关系确定膳食补充剂配方中叶黄素和玉米 黄素的比例会强化眼睛中玉米黄素的浓度， 从而起到更好的延缓 AMD效果。
另外， 为了阻止或延缓 AMD疾病发生前后视网膜上皮细胞或感 觉神经层的浆状或出血性脱落而导致的脉络膜新生血管生成，适量地 补充某些植物提取物会起到意想不到的效果。在这些植物提取物中绿 茶提取物特别值得关注，绿茶多酚主要包含四种成分如 GC (没食子儿 茶素)， CG (儿茶素没食子酸酯)、 GCG (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)， 而 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 (epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)是绿茶多 酚中活性最高的。 流行病学研究揭示， 摄入 EGCG有抵制血管形成 的能力， 从而能降低糖尿病增殖性血管增生性病变的发生率。血管生 成在眼部新生血管对眼部结构和功能的损害中具有重要意义。进一步 研究发现， 绿茶多酚能以剂量依赖性方式显著抑制内皮细胞的增生， 导致细胞在 G1期停滞， 是抗新生血管生成的有效而具有前景的药物 之一。 发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于提高眼睛中视黄斑色素密度 (Macular Pigment Optical Density, MPOD)以及治疗或预防年龄相关性眼底视黄 斑衰退症疾病的组合物。所述组合物包括叶黄素、 玉米黄素、 以及茶 叶提取物， 所述玉米黄素与所述叶黄素的重量比≥1。
优选地， 所述玉米黄素与所述叶黄素的重量比为 2:1〜3:1。
优选地， 所述玉米黄素与所述叶黄素的含量均为 2mg〜120mg， 更优选地 6mg〜20mg。
其中，所述玉米黄素为按常规方法从植物中提取或者是通过化学 合成得到的 (3R,3，R)-玉米黄素或以叶黄素为原料通过异构化转位得 到的 (3R，3，S)-玉米黄素。所述叶黄素和玉米黄素为游离晶体形式或脂 肪酸酯形式。
优选地， 所述茶叶提取物为 GC、 CG、 GCG和 EGCG的混合物， 或者 EGCG。所述茶叶提取物或者 EGCG的含量为 10mg〜200mg，优 选 20mg~120mgo
优选地， 还包括维生素、 抗氧化剂和 /或微量元素； 其中， 所述 维生素选自维生素 (、维生素 E、天然维生素 E和维生素 A中的一种 或多种； 所述抗氧化剂为 beta-胡萝卜素和 /或多不饱和脂肪酸； 所述 微量元素为铜和 /或锌。
如前所述， 年龄相关性视黄斑衰退症 (AMD)是一种老年性疾病， 有着较高的发病率， 而且此疾病是不可逆转的， 目前也没有有效的治 疗方式， 所以针对 AMD疾病一种有效的方式是预防或延缓性治疗。 而近年来的研究表明， AMD疾病的发生率与人体血液及眼睛中叶黄 素和玉米黄素的含量呈负相关，叶黄素和玉米黄素是构成人眼黄斑色 素中唯一存在的两种色素， 这些都预示着叶黄素和玉米黄素在 AMD 的预防和治疗过程中起着某种重要的作用。 AMD疾病的发生和发展 状况可以通过监测眼睛中视黄斑色素密度 (MPOD)的变化得到很好的 提示。
而且， 相对于叶黄素， 血液中玉米黄素的量不占优势， 但在人眼 视黄斑中， 越向视黄斑中心， 玉米黄素的量越高， 特别是在视黄斑正 中央， 不仅玉米黄素与叶黄素的比例在 3:1以上， 而且还出现了多量 的在血液中不存在的内消旋玉米黄素，这些都说明玉米黄素可能在眼 健康中起着非常重要的作用。从分子结构式上看， 玉米黄素比叶黄素 多一个共轭双键，其抗氧化活性和吸收高能量蓝光的能力理论上也比 叶黄素强。
玉米黄素在眼睛中主要有两种形态， 分别是 (3R,3，R)和 (3R，3，S)两 种异构体， （3S，3'S)构型只是在视黄斑中央有微量存在。 在前两种异 构体中， （3R，3，R)是从外界摄入并经血液吸收后转移到视黄斑中， (3R，3'S)则是在视网膜中在某种酶的作用下由叶黄素异构化转位得 到。所以根据目前的研究认为， 单纯补充玉米黄素， 只能保证血液或 视黄斑中玉米黄素的含量， 而不能保证体内叶黄素的供应， 而且体内 玉米黄素的异构体构型与摄入的玉米黄素的构型一致；如单纯补充叶 黄素， 在视网膜中部分叶黄素可以转化为内消旋玉米黄素 ((3R，3，S， meso)-玉米黄素)，但这种转化会受到个体中转化酶的水平限制，有可 能使眼睛视黄斑最中央的内消旋玉米黄素的量不够，从而影响到视黄 斑功能的发挥。
为了达到眼健康目的， 人体最好同时补充叶黄素和玉米黄素， 而 且考虑到玉米黄素较高的生理活性，越往视黄斑中央玉米黄素含量越 高， 所以玉米黄素的补充量应大于叶黄素的补充量，特别是在每曰叶 黄素和玉米黄素总摄入量较大的情况下，这样就可以保证在摄取足量 叶黄素的同时摄入多量的高生理活性的玉米黄素。
另外， AMD疾病的形成机理主要为视网膜色素上皮细胞受高能 量蓝光损伤或自由基氧化损伤而造成浆状或出血性脱落，导致脉络膜 新生血管或玻璃疣的生成，所以在补充叶黄素和玉米黄素的同时适当 补充一些防止新生血管生成的膳食成分很有益处。如茶叶提取物就有 这方面的功效， 特别是临床研究显示茶叶提取物中的 EGCG可以通 过抑制新生血管形成相关因子及其受体抑制血管细胞的增生， 迁移， 管腔形成及诱导凋亡等环节发挥抑制血管生成的作用。通过茶叶提取 物与叶黄素和玉米黄素的协同作用可以很好地协同预防或治疗 AMD 疾病。
与对照组相比，各试食组中 MPOD的变化存在显著性差异，单独 补充叶黄素或玉米黄素时， 补充叶黄素组 (试验组 II )比补充玉米黄素 组 (试验组 I )效果要好， 可能是由于部分叶黄素可以在体内转化为玉 米黄素， 从而起到一种协同作用， 而单独补充玉米黄素时， 体内则只 有玉米黄素而没有叶黄素， 达不到协同效果。 同时补充叶黄素和玉米 黄素的复合物时， MPOD上升效果明显优于单独补充叶黄素或玉米黄 素， 而且玉米黄素与叶黄素比例为 3:1时 (试验组 IV)， MPOD增加的 效果要优于叶黄素与玉米黄素比例为 3:1试验组 (试验组 ΙΠ)， 二者间 存在显著性差异。在补充玉米黄素与叶黄素 (3:1)混合物时摄入一定量 的 EGCG时 (试验组 V)， MPOD增加的效果最优， 说明三者的协同作 用非常明显。
因此， 本发明就是试图通过摄食叶黄素和玉米黄素的组合物来补 充体内特别是视黄斑中叶黄素和玉米黄素的量，特别是考虑到玉米黄 素在保护眼健康方面的重要作用，此组合物中玉米黄素与叶黄素的比 例往往大于 1， 通常达到 3:1。 而且综合考虑到年龄相关性视黄斑衰 退症 (AMD)的形成机理，在叶黄素和玉米黄素的组合膳食补充剂中加 入一定的抗氧化成分如茶叶提取物，特别是 EGCG, 从而阻止或抑制 脉络新生血管的生成。通过本发明的组合物可以抑制视网膜中新生血 管的生成， 以达到综合预防或治疗年龄相关性视黄斑衰退症 (AMD) 的效果。
附图说明
图 1表示对照组服食安慰剂前后五日内 MPOD平均值的变化率； 图 2表示干预组服食叶黄素时前后五日内 MPOD平均值的变化 图 3表示干预组服食玉米黄素时前后五日内 MPOD平均值的变 化率；
图 4表示干预组服食其中叶黄素与玉米黄素比例为 3:1的组合物 时前后五日内 MPOD平均值的变化率；
图 5表示干预组服食其中叶黄素与玉米黄素比例为 1 :3的组合物 时前后五日内 MPOD平均值的变化率；
图 6表示干预组服食其中叶黄素与玉米黄素比例为 1 :3且含抗氧 化剂 EGCG的组合物时前后五日内 MPOD平均值的变化率。 具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，本发明的实施例仅用 于说明本发明的技术方案， 并非限定本发明。 实施例 1
叶黄素、 玉米黄素、 EGCG 治疗或预防年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD)人体实验研究
本试验按自愿原则选择年龄为 55岁以上，己经确认为 AMD疾病 患者 208名 (其中男性 88名， 女性 120名)， 挑选时排除下列受试者： 患有其它种眼科疾病可能影响到试验测试结果；长期或短期服用有关 药物、保健品或其它治疗方法可能影响到对结果的判定； 不符合纳入 标准， 未按规定食用受试药物者， 或者资料不全等影响功效或安全判 定者。
实验中设立对照组和干预组， 其中按随机原则对照组选定 31人， 服用安慰剂， 干预组又随机分为 I、 II、 III、 IV、 V五组， 各组分别 服用表 1中所示的药物组合咀嚼片剂， 每日 1次， 每次 1片， 连续服 用 60天， 试验采用自身前后对照和组间对照。在试验过程中有 16名 试食者由于各种原因没有完成试验， 试食者流失率为 7.7%。 试验完 成时各组的人数如表 1所示。
表 1人体试验分组及试食片剂配方
组别 人数 试食片剂配方
对照组 28(男 10, 女 18) 安慰剂
试验组 I 32(男 13, 女 19) 叶黄素 32mg
试验组 II 33(男 15， 女 18) 玉米黄素 32mg
试验组 III 32(男 14， 女 18) 叶黄素 24mg+玉米黄素 8mg
试验组 IV 32(男 13， 女 19) 叶黄素 8mg+玉米黄素 24mg
试验组 V 35(男 13， 女 22) 叶黄素 8mg+玉米黄素 24mg+EGCG 120mg
1、 配方中活性成分叶黄素为 CarolGold™ 10% TAB剂型， 玉米 黄素为0&1"0 631^ 10% 1^剂型。 EGCG含量达 95%， 购自荣凯植 物提取物有限公司。 除了活性成分叶黄素、 玉米黄素、 EGCG外， 其 余为木糖醇及片剂所需的辅料如羟甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸 镁等， 先将 EGCG、 羟甲基纤维素、 微晶纤维素混和进行湿法造粒， 过 30目筛后，与叶黄素和玉米黄素 10% TAB及硬脂酸镁混和后压片， 最终得到咀嚼片， 每片总片剂重为 850mg。
2、 安慰剂的外观颜色、 片剂重量与试食片剂完全一致。
试食者分别服用咀嚼片和安慰剂片， 服食前五日及服食结束前五 日中每天都用闪烁异变光度计检测左右眼中黄斑色素密度 (MPOD)， 利用每名患者服食叶黄素和玉米黄素咀嚼片两个月后最后五曰
MPOD平均值与服食前五日 MPOD平均值的提高比率来评价咀嚼片 对患者视黄斑衰退症的治疗效果。
各项指标于试食试验开始及结束进各测定一次， 检测指标分为安 全性指标和功效性指标。 前者包括一般体格检査、 血、 尿、 便常规检 查， 血生化指标检査， B超、胸部 X线和心电图检査等其它相应的检 查。 后者包括眼部症状检查： ①详细询问病史， 观察眼部自觉症状： 眼胀、 眼痛、 畏光、 视物模糊、 眼干涩等。 数据处理： 用统计软件 STATE6.0计算分析数据。 凡自身对照资料采用配对 t检验， 两组均 数比较采用成组 t检验， 后者需进行方差齐性检验， 对非正态分布或 方差不齐的数据进行适当的变量转换， 待满足正态方差齐性后， 用转 化的数据进行 t检验;若转换的数据仍不能满足于正态方差齐性要求， 改用 t检验或秩和检验； 但变异系数太大， 如 CV>50%的资料， 应用 秩和检验。 功效指标用 X2检验。
试食结束后各项生化指标检测显示服食叶黄素和玉米黄素咀嚼 片没有任何不良反应。对照组和试食组试食前后各五日内其左右眼中 的视黄斑色素浓度的平均值变化情况见图 1至图 6。从图中可以看出， 与空白组相比， 试食组中视黄斑色素浓度 (MPOD)显著上升， 但服用 不同配方或比例的叶黄素和玉米黄素的各试食组视黄斑色素浓度的 变化值各不相同。 以右眼中 MPOD的变化为例， 将各组试食前后右 眼中 MPOD的数值进行线性回归得方程 y=a+b*x，各组中截距 a值反 映了试食片剂前各组成员右眼中 MPOD的平均值， 可以看出各组间 相差不大； b值反应了试食 90天后右眼中 MPOD与试食前右眼中 MPOD的变化趋势， b值越大说明 MPOD的变化越明显。 表 2中列 出了各组中右眼 MPOD变化情况线性回归后的3， b值。 表 2各组中右眼 MPOD变化情况线性回归后的 a， b值 组别 a
对照组 0.295 0.212
试验组 II 0.266 0.677
试验组 I 0.264 1.204
试验组 III 0.240 2.267
试验组 IV 0.241 3.047
试验组 V 0.248 3.485 从表 2中可以看出， 与对照组相比， 各试食组中 MPOD的变化 存在显著性差异， 单独补充叶黄素或玉米黄素时， X补充叶黄素组 (试
o
验组 II )比补充玉米黄素组 (试验组 I )效果要好，可能是由于部分叶黄 素可以在体内转化为玉米黄素， 从而起到一种协同作用， 而单独补充 玉米黄素时， 体内则只有玉米黄素而没有叶黄素， 达不到协同效果。 同时补充叶黄素和玉米黄素的复合物时， MPOD上升效果明显优于单 独补充叶黄素或玉米黄素，而且玉米黄素与叶黄素比例为 3:1时 (试验 组 IV)， MPOD增加的效果要优于叶黄素与玉米黄素比例为 3:1试验 组 (试验组 111)，二者间存在显著性差异。在补充玉米黄素与叶黄素 (3:1) 混合物时摄入一定量的 EGCG时 (试验组 V )， MPOD增加的效果最优， 说明三者的协同作用非常明显。
实施例 2: —种软胶囊按以下配比组成: 成分 数量 (mg/粒） 叶黄素 2.0
(3R,3'S, meso)-玉米黄素 4.0
EGCG (含量大于 95%) * 20.0
Beta-胡萝卜素 6.0 天然维生素 E (d-alpha tocopheryl acetate) 100.0 多不饱和脂肪酸 DHA 20.0 红花油 （safflower oil) 118.0 合计 250.0
*EGCG购自荣凯植物提取物有限公司。 使用方法： 每日两次， 每次一粒。 实施例 3: —种硬胶囊按以下配比组成: 成分 数量 (mg粒) 叶黄素 6.0
(3R，3'R)-玉米黄素 6.0
EGCG (含量大于 80%)* 10.0 维生素 A醋酸酯干粉 50万 IU 12.0 维生素 E 50%粉 (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate 20.0 powder 50%)
维生素 C干粉 100.0 多不饱和脂肪酸 EPA干粉 15.0 铜 15.0 锌 40.0
L-硒代甲硫氨酸 0.15 卵磷脂 75.85 合计 300.0
*EGCG购自荣凯植物提取物有限公司。 使用方法： 每日一次， 每次一粒。 实施例 4: 一种片剂按以下配比组成： 数量 (mg/片) 叶黄素酯 120.0 玉米黄素酯 60.0 茶多鼢 * 100.0
Beta-胡萝卜素 6.0 蓝莓提取物 （植物抗氧化剂） 150 硬脂酸镁 5.6 变性淀粉 158.4 合计 600.0
*茶多酚含量大于 80%, 购自金诚生物科技。 使用方法： 每日一次， 每次一片。 实施例 5: —种硬胶囊按以下配比组成: 成分 数量 (mg/粒) 叶黄素 20.0 玉米黄素 20.0 茶叶提取物 * 200.0 维生素 E 50%粉（dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate 40.0 powder 50%)
蓝莓多酚 * 79.85 锌 40.0
L-硒代甲硫氨酸 0.15 合计 400.0 *茶叶提取物中茶多酚含量大于 80%，购自金诚生物科技。蓝莓多酚含量大于 25%, 购自林格贝有机食品有限公司。
使用方法： 每日一次， 每次一粒。 需要声明的是，上述发明内容及具体实施方式意在证明本发明所 提供技术方案的实际应用， 不应解释为对本发明保护范围的限定。本 领域技术人员在本发明的精神和原理内，当可作各种修改、等同替换、 或改进。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种用于提高眼睛中视黄斑色素密度并预防或治疗年龄相关 性视黄斑衰退症的组合物， 所述组合物包括叶黄素、玉米黄素以及茶 叶提取物， 其中， 所述玉米黄素与所述叶黄素的重量比≥1。
2、 如权利要求 3所述的组合物， 其中， 所述玉米黄素与所述叶 黄素的重量比为 2:1〜3:1。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的组合物， 其中， 所述玉米黄素与所 述叶黄素的含量均为 2mg~120mg。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的组合物， 其中， 所述玉米黄素与所述叶 黄素的含量均为 6mg〜20mg。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的组合物， 其中， 所述玉米黄素为从植物 中提取或合成来源的 (3R，3，R)-玉米黄素、 或 (3R，3'S)-玉米黄素。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的组合物， 其中， 所述叶黄素和玉米黄素 为晶体形式或脂肪酸酯形式。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的组合物， 其中， 所述茶叶提取物为 GC、 CG、 GCG和 EGCG的混合物、 或者 EGCG。
8、如权利要求 7所述的组合物，其中，所述茶叶提取物或者 EGCG 的含量为 10mg〜200mg。
9、如权利要求 8所述的组合物，其中，所述茶叶提取物或者 EGCG 的含量为 20mg~120mg。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的组合物， 其中， 还包括维生素、 抗氧化 剂和 /或微量元素； 其中， 所述维生素选自维生素 (：、 维生素 E、 天然 维生素 E和维生素 A中的一种或多种； 所述抗氧化剂为 beta-胡萝卜 素、 多不饱和脂肪酸和 /或植物提取物蓝莓多酚； 所述微量元素为铜 和 /或锌和 /或硒。
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