WO2013168516A1 - 透明導電膜 - Google Patents
透明導電膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013168516A1 WO2013168516A1 PCT/JP2013/061167 JP2013061167W WO2013168516A1 WO 2013168516 A1 WO2013168516 A1 WO 2013168516A1 JP 2013061167 W JP2013061167 W JP 2013061167W WO 2013168516 A1 WO2013168516 A1 WO 2013168516A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- transparent conductive
- conductive film
- metal layer
- sample
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
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- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0274—Optical details, e.g. printed circuits comprising integral optical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
- C22C5/08—Alloys based on silver with copper as the next major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0306—Inorganic insulating substrates, e.g. ceramic, glass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/816—Multilayers, e.g. transparent multilayers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent conductive film, and more particularly to a transparent conductive film applicable to a flexible electronic device.
- organic electroluminescent device (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL device) using electroluminescence of an organic material is a thin-film type complete solid-state device capable of emitting light at a low voltage of about several V to several tens V. It has many excellent features such as luminous efficiency, thinness and light weight. For this reason, in recent years, organic EL elements have attracted attention as planar light emitters such as backlights for various displays, display boards such as signboards and emergency lights, and illumination light sources.
- Such an organic EL element has a configuration in which a light emitting layer composed of an organic material is sandwiched between two electrodes, and emitted light generated in the light emitting layer passes through the electrode and is extracted outside. For this reason, at least one of the two electrodes is formed of a transparent electrode.
- the transparent electrode having both light transmittance in the visible light region and high conductivity is used not only for organic EL elements but also for solar cells, touch panels, liquid crystal display elements, electrodes of various light receiving elements, and the like. Yes. Further, the transparent electrode having the above characteristics is also used as various cloud-proof transparent heating elements such as automobile windows, heat reflecting films, antistatic films, and refrigeration showcases. Further, since the transparent electrode is usually a thin conductive film, the thin electrode is used for a flexible electronic device.
- an oxide semiconductor material such as indium tin oxide (SnO 2 —In 2 O 3 : ITO) is used as a material for forming the transparent electrode, but ITO uses rare metal indium. Therefore, the material cost is high. Moreover, in order to reduce the resistance of the ITO film, it is necessary to anneal the formed ITO film at about 300 ° C.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a technique for reducing the resistance of the transparent electrode by laminating an ITO film and a silver film to form a transparent electrode.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a technique for reducing the resistance of the transparent electrode by laminating an ITO film and a silver film to form a transparent electrode.
- a technique for forming a transparent electrode by using a metal material such as silver having high electrical conductivity as a material for forming a transparent electrode and reducing the thickness of the conductive film has been proposed.
- a technique has been proposed in which aluminum is mixed with silver to form a conductive film having a thickness smaller than that of the silver film alone, and the conductivity of the conductive film is ensured (see, for example, Patent Document 3). .
- transparent electrodes transparent conductive films
- the transparent electrode may be disconnected when the electronic device is bent with a predetermined curvature.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive film excellent not only in electrical conductivity and light transmittance but also in bending resistance.
- a transparent conductive film of the present invention includes a base material, a first compound layer containing nitrogen provided on the base material, and a light transmission provided on the first compound layer.
- a second compound layer containing nitrogen is provided on the metal layer.
- the metal layer in the transparent conductive film of the present invention, by forming a metal layer on the nitrogen-containing first compound layer, the metal layer can be composed of a dense film at the formation stage, and high-temperature heat treatment after film formation. Even if it does not give, resistance of a metal layer can be reduced. Moreover, in the transparent conductive film of this invention, the bending tolerance of a transparent conductive film can be improved by forming the 2nd compound layer containing nitrogen on a metal layer. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a transparent conductive film excellent not only in conductivity and light transmittance but also in bending resistance.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a transparent conductive film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- transparent as used herein means that the light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is 50% or more.
- the transparent conductive film 10 includes a base material 11, a base layer 12 (first compound layer), a metal layer 13, and an upper layer 14 (second compound layer). And in this embodiment, the base layer 12, the metal layer 13, and the upper layer 14 are laminated
- the metal layer 13 is formed of silver (Ag) or an alloy containing silver as a main component.
- the underlayer 12 is formed of a compound containing a nitrogen (N) atom, and is preferably formed of a compound containing a hetero ring having a hetero atom as a nitrogen atom.
- the upper layer 14 is formed of a compound containing a nitrogen atom, like the underlayer 12, and is preferably formed of a compound containing a heterocycle having a hetero atom as a nitrogen atom.
- the material for forming the upper layer 14 may be the same as or different from that of the base layer 12.
- the substrate 11 can be formed of, for example, glass or plastic. Further, the substrate 11 may be a transparent substrate or an opaque substrate. When applying a transparent conductive film to an electronic device that extracts light from the surface of the transparent conductive film 10 on the base material 11 side, the base material 11 is preferably a transparent base material, and a flexible device. In the case of manufacturing, the substrate 11 is more preferably a flexible substrate. In these cases, preferred examples of the transparent substrate 11 include a thin film glass substrate and a transparent resin film.
- the glass substrate forming material for example, silica glass, soda lime silica glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, or the like can be used.
- a glass base material as the base material 11
- durability, and smoothness the surface of the base material 11 is polished as necessary.
- the film may be subjected to the physical treatment, or a film made of an inorganic material or an organic material, or a hybrid film combining these films may be formed on the surface of the substrate 11.
- polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN)
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- materials such as polyethylene, a polypropylene, a cellophane, can be used, for example.
- cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate phthalate (TAC), cellulose esters such as cellulose nitrate, or derivatives thereof are used as a resin film forming material.
- the resin film forming material examples include polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide, polyether sulfone (PES), Materials such as polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones, polyether imide, polyether ketone imide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic, and polyarylate can be used.
- a cycloolefin resin called Arton (registered trademark: manufactured by JSR) or Apel (registered trademark: manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals) can be used as a material for forming a transparent resin film.
- a resin film as the base material 11
- Such coatings and hybrid coatings have a water vapor transmission rate (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity 90 ⁇ 2% RH) measured by a method according to JIS-K-7129-1992 of 0.01 g / (m)
- a barrier film also referred to as a barrier film or the like
- the coating film and the hybrid coating film have an oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS-K-7126-1987 of 10 ⁇ 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ 24 hours ⁇ atm) or less, and water vapor
- the film is preferably composed of a high barrier film having a transmittance of 10 ⁇ 5 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 hours) or less.
- the material for forming the barrier film described above any material can be used as long as it has a function of suppressing the intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen. Silicon, silicon nitride, or the like can be used. Furthermore, in order to improve the brittleness of the barrier film, it is more preferable that the barrier film has a structure in which an inorganic material film and an organic material film are laminated. In this case, the order of laminating the inorganic material film and the organic material film is arbitrary, but it is preferable to alternately laminate them both a plurality of times.
- any method can be used as a method for forming the above-described barrier film.
- a vacuum deposition method a sputtering method, a reactive sputtering method, a molecular beam epitaxy method, a cluster ion beam method, an ion plating method.
- a plasma polymerization method an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method, a plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.
- the base material 11 When the base material 11 is formed of an opaque base material, examples of the base material 11 include a metal substrate (metal film) such as aluminum or stainless steel, an opaque resin substrate (opaque resin film), and a ceramic substrate (ceramic film). ) Etc. can be used.
- metal substrate metal film
- opaque resin substrate opaque resin film
- ceramic substrate ceramic film
- the base layer 12 is directly provided on the base material 11 .
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a desired one is provided between the base material 11 and the base layer 12 as necessary.
- Various layers having the above functions may be provided.
- a flattening layer for flattening the surface of the substrate 11 may be provided on the surface of the substrate 11.
- the planarization layer is preferably a layer having both interlayer adhesion, stress relaxation, and prevention of bleeding out from the substrate 11 and the like.
- the underlayer 12 is formed of a compound containing a nitrogen (N) atom, and is preferably formed of a compound containing a heterocycle having a nitrogen atom as a hetero atom.
- energy acting between the compound having nitrogen atoms contained in the underlayer 12 and the main material (silver) contained in the metal layer 13 (hereinafter referred to as effective action energy ⁇ Eef) is predetermined.
- the underlayer 12 is preferably formed of a compound having a value within the range.
- the effective action energy ⁇ Eef is defined by the following formula (1).
- n in the above formula (1) is the number of nitrogen (N) atoms in the compound that is stably bonded to silver (Ag).
- ⁇ E is the interaction energy between silver (Ag) and nitrogen (N) atoms.
- S is the surface area of the compound.
- the number of nitrogen atoms “n” in the compound that stably binds to silver is the nitrogen atom (nitrogen atom to be selected) contained in the compound, and stably with silver. This is the number counted by selecting only the nitrogen atoms to be bound (specific nitrogen atoms). Note that the nitrogen atoms to be selected are all nitrogen atoms contained in the compound. Therefore, even when the underlayer 12 is formed of a compound containing a heterocycle having a nitrogen atom as a heteroatom, the nitrogen atoms to be selected are all nitrogen atoms contained in the compound and constitute a heterocycle. It is not limited to nitrogen atoms.
- a bond distance [r (b) between silver and a nitrogen atom in a compound calculated by a molecular orbital calculation method is used.
- Ag ⁇ N)] or the angle between the nitrogen atom and silver (ie, the dihedral angle [D]) calculated by the molecular orbital calculation method for the ring containing the nitrogen atom in the compound.
- a nitrogen atom whose calculated bond distance [r (Ag ⁇ N)] is close to the “stable bond distance” is selected as a specific nitrogen atom. Note that such selection of nitrogen atoms applies not only to compounds containing many nitrogen atoms constituting a heterocyclic ring but also to compounds containing many nitrogen atoms that do not constitute a heterocyclic ring.
- dihedral angle [D] When using dihedral angle [D] as an index, first, the dihedral angle [D] at the nitrogen atom in the compound is calculated using the molecular orbital calculation method. To do. Next, a nitrogen atom having a calculated dihedral angle [D] of less than 10 degrees ([D] ⁇ 10 degrees) is selected as a specific nitrogen atom. Such selection of a nitrogen atom is applied to a compound containing a large number of nitrogen atoms constituting a heterocyclic ring.
- the reason for setting the threshold value of the dihedral angle [D] to 10 degrees in the selection of the nitrogen atom is as follows. According to the verification by the present inventors, when a conductive film is formed on a compound having a dihedral angle [D] of nitrogen atoms of 10 degrees or more, the sheet resistance value of the conductive film cannot be measured, and A uniform conductive film could not be obtained. From this result, it is estimated that the nitrogen atom whose dihedral angle [D] is 10 degrees or more does not participate in the interaction with silver. Therefore, when the dihedral angle [D] is used as an index, a nitrogen atom having a dihedral angle [D] of 10 degrees or more is not selected as a specific nitrogen atom.
- the interaction energy “ ⁇ E” between silver (Ag) in the above formula (1) and nitrogen (N) in the compound can be calculated by a molecular orbital calculation method, and the nitrogen selected as described above.
- the interaction energy between atoms and silver Specifically, when the energy of the molecule in which silver and nitrogen atoms interact is A, the energy of silver alone is B, and the energy of nitrogen alone is C, the interaction energy “ ⁇ E” is A ⁇ ( B + C).
- the surface area “s” of the compound in the above formula (1) is calculated using Tencube (registered trademark) / WM (manufactured by Tencube Co., Ltd .: high-function molecular modeling tool).
- the underlayer 12 it is more preferable to form the underlayer 12 using a compound such that the effective action energy ⁇ Eef defined as described above is in the range represented by the following formula (3).
- heterocyclic ring in which the nitrogen atom contained in the compound forming the underlayer 12 is a heteroatom examples include aziridine, azirine, azetidine, azeto, azolidine, azole, azinan, pyridine, azepan, azepine, imidazole, pyrazole, Oxazole, thiazole, imidazoline, pyrazine, morpholine, thiazine, indole, isoindole, benzimidazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridine, carbazole, benzo-C-cinnoline, porphyrin, chlorin, choline, etc. It is done.
- compounds represented by the following general formula (1) or general formula (2) are preferably used as a compound having a heterocycle having a nitrogen atom as a hetero atom. That is, as a material for forming the underlayer 12, the following general formula (1) or general formula (2) is selected from various compounds satisfying the relational expression of effective action energy ⁇ Eef shown in the above formulas (1) to (3). It is preferable to select and use the compound represented by these.
- Y5 in the general formula (1) represents a divalent linking group composed of an arylene group, a heteroarylene group, or a combination thereof.
- Each of “E51” to “E66” and “E71” to “E88” represents —C (R3) ⁇ or —N ⁇ , and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Note that at least one of “E71” to “E79” and at least one of “E80” to “E88” each represent —N ⁇ .
- Each of “n3” and “n4” is an integer of 0 to 4, and “n3” + “n4” is an integer of 2 or more.
- Examples of the arylene group represented by “Y5” in the general formula (1) include o-phenylene group, p-phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, anthracenediyl group, naphthacenediyl group, pyrenediyl group, and naphthylnaphthalenediyl group.
- Biphenyldiyl group (eg, [1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diyl group, 3,3'-biphenyldiyl group, 3,6-biphenyldiyl group), terphenyldiyl group, quater Examples thereof include a phenyldiyl group, a kinkphenyldiyl group, a sexiphenyldiyl group, a septiphenyldiyl group, an octylphenyldiyl group, a nobiphenyldiyl group, and a deciphenyldiyl group.
- a phenyldiyl group eg, [1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diyl group, 3,3'-biphenyldiyl group, 3,6-biphenyldiyl group
- examples of the heteroarylene group represented by “Y5” include a carbazole ring, a carboline ring, a diazacarbazole ring (also referred to as a monoazacarboline ring, a carbon atom constituting the carboline ring) One of these is replaced by a nitrogen atom), triazole ring, pyrrole ring, pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, quinoxaline ring, thiophene ring, oxadiazole ring, dibenzofuran ring, dibenzothiophene ring, indole ring And divalent groups derived from the group.
- the divalent linking group consisting of an arylene group, heteroarylene group, or a combination thereof represented by “Y5” is a condensed structure formed by condensing three or more rings among heteroarylene groups. It is preferable to include a group derived from an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and the group derived from a condensed aromatic heterocyclic ring formed by condensing three or more rings is a group derived from a dibenzofuran ring. Or a group derived from a dibenzothiophene ring is preferred.
- examples of the substituent represented by R3 of —C (R3) ⁇ include an alkyl group (for example, Methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, etc.), cycloalkyl group (for example, cyclopentyl group, Cyclohexyl group, etc.), alkenyl group (eg, vinyl group, allyl group, etc.), alkynyl group (eg, ethynyl group, propargyl group, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbon group (aromatic carbocyclic group, aryl group, etc.), for example , Phenyl group
- substitutable site in the above substituent may be substituted with the above substituent. Further, a plurality of these substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- any one of “E75” to “E79” and any one of “E84” to “E88” are represented by —N ⁇ .
- Each of “T13” to “T15” is represented by —C (R) ⁇ , and “R” represents a hydrogen atom (H) or a substituent.
- examples of the substituent represented by “R” include the same as the examples of the substituent represented by R3 described in the compound of the general formula (1). Moreover, the substitutable site
- a film formation method for example, a method using a wet process such as a coating method, an inkjet method, a coating method, a dip method, or a vapor deposition method ( A method using a dry process such as resistance heating, EB (Electron-Beam) method, sputtering method, CVD method, or the like can be used.
- a vapor deposition method as a method for forming the underlayer 12.
- the metal layer 13 is formed of silver (Ag) or an alloy containing silver as a main component, and is formed on the underlayer 12.
- the method for forming the metal layer 13 include a method using a wet process such as a coating method, an ink jet method, a coating method, and a dip method, a vapor deposition method (resistance heating, EB method, etc.), a sputtering method, a CVD method, and the like.
- a technique using a dry process can be used.
- the metal layer 13 is formed on the underlayer 12 containing a compound having nitrogen (N) atoms, silver in the metal layer 13 and nitrogen (N) atoms in the underlayer 12 are formed. Due to the interaction effect described later with the compound having the above, sufficiently excellent conductivity can be obtained without performing a high-temperature annealing treatment after the film formation.
- the metal layer 13 after film formation may be subjected to a high temperature annealing treatment or the like as necessary.
- the metal layer 13 is formed of an alloy containing silver as a main component
- examples of the alloy containing silver as a main component include silver magnesium (AgMg), silver copper (AgCu), silver palladium (AgPd), and silver palladium copper. (AgPdCu), silver indium (AgIn), etc. are mentioned.
- the silver content in the metal layer 13 is preferably about 90% or more.
- the metal layer 13 may be composed of one layer, or may be composed of a plurality of layers as necessary. In the latter case, the metal layer 13 may be formed by alternately laminating layers made of silver and layers made of silver alloy, or a plurality of layers made of silver alloys having different compositions and / or materials may be laminated. Thus, the metal layer 13 may be configured.
- the film thickness of the metal layer 13 is preferably about 20 nm or less, and more preferably in the range of about 4 to 12 nm.
- the thickness of the metal layer 13 is larger than 20 nm, the light absorption component or the reflection component in the metal layer 13 is increased, and the light transmittance of the transparent conductive film 10 is lowered.
- the thickness of the metal layer 13 is less than 4 nm, the conductivity of the metal layer 13 is insufficient, which is not preferable.
- the material for forming the metal layer 13 is not limited to silver (Ag) or an alloy containing silver as a main component, and is described later between the metal layer 13 and the base layer 12 and between the metal layer 13 and the upper layer 14. Any material can be used as long as it can generate an interaction effect.
- the upper layer 14 (stress relaxation layer) is a layer provided to relieve stress applied to the metal layer 13 when the transparent conductive film 10 is bent.
- the upper layer 14 is formed of a compound containing nitrogen (N) atoms, and is a material that causes an interaction effect described later between silver in the metal layer 13 and a compound containing nitrogen atoms in the upper layer 14. If it exists, it can be formed of any material.
- the upper layer 14 contains even a small amount of nitrogen atoms.
- an effective action energy ⁇ Eef between the upper layer 14 and the metal layer 13 (the above formula ( It is preferable to use a material such that 1) is a negative value ( ⁇ Eef ⁇ 0).
- the upper layer 14 is formed of a material such that the effective action energy ⁇ Eef between the upper layer 14 and the metal layer 13 is ⁇ 0.01 [ ⁇ 10 2 kcal / (mol ⁇ nm 2 )] or less. More preferably.
- the upper layer 14 can be formed of a compound containing a heterocyclic ring in which a nitrogen atom is a hetero atom, similarly to the lower layer 12.
- the upper part of the upper layer 14 may be covered with a protective layer, for example, or another conductive film may be laminated.
- a protective layer for example, or another conductive film may be laminated.
- the protective film and / or the conductive film is also composed of a light transmissive film.
- the metal layer 13 formed of silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component is provided on the base layer 12 containing a compound having a nitrogen atom.
- the film growth of a metal layer made of silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component is a nuclear growth type (VW (Volumer-Weber) type) thin film growth, so that silver particles are isolated in islands. It becomes easy.
- VW Volumer-Weber
- the metal layer 13 is formed on the underlayer 12 containing the compound having nitrogen atoms, the silver atoms in the metal layer 13 are contained in the underlayer 12 in the forming step. Interacts with a compound having a lowering distance, the diffusion distance of silver atoms on the surface of the underlayer 12 is reduced, and aggregation of silver is suppressed.
- the film growth of the metal layer 13 is a single layer growth type (FM (Frank-van der Merwe) type) thin film growth on the underlayer 12. Therefore, in the transparent conductive film 10 of the present embodiment, even if the metal layer 13 made of silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component is thin, the metal layer 13 (continuous film) having a uniform thickness can be obtained. Can do.
- FM Full-van der Merwe
- a compound in which the effective action energy ⁇ Eef that interacts between the compound that forms the underlayer 12 and the silver that forms the metal layer 13 is a value within the range represented by the above formula (2) is used.
- the underlayer 12 is formed, the above-described silver aggregation suppressing effect can be obtained more reliably.
- a thin and uniform metal layer 13 (continuous film) can be formed on the base layer 12, so that light transmittance can be ensured. In addition, sufficient conductivity can be obtained.
- the upper layer 14 formed of the same material as the base layer 12, that is, the upper layer 14 containing a compound having a nitrogen atom is provided on the metal layer 13.
- the transparent conductive film 10 that has not only excellent conductivity and light transmittance but also excellent bending resistance.
- indium (In) which is a rare metal is not used, the cost can be reduced.
- a chemically unstable material such as ZnO is not used, long-term reliability of the transparent conductive film 10 can be ensured.
- the transparent conductive film 10 of the present embodiment having the above configuration can be used for various electronic devices.
- the electronic device include an organic EL element, an LED (light emitting diode), a liquid crystal element, a solar battery, a touch panel, and the like.
- the transparent conductive film 10 having the above-described configuration is applied to an electrode member that requires light transmission.
- Example 1 In Example 1, transparent conductive films (samples 1-1 to 1-7 below) were produced mainly by changing various materials for forming the metal layer. In addition, in the sample of each produced transparent conductive film, the size of the conductive region was set to 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm.
- Sample 1-1 (an example of a transparent conductive film according to the present invention)
- a base material made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was prepared as the base material of the transparent conductive film.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the prepared base material was fixed to the base material holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus.
- the following structural formula No. 1 was used as a material for forming the base layer and the top layer.
- the compound represented by 1 was used and placed in a resistance heating boat made of molybdenum. And the substrate holder and the resistance heating boat made of molybdenum were attached to the 1st vacuum chamber of the vacuum evaporation system.
- silver (Ag) was prepared as a material for forming the metal layer, and the silver was placed in a tungsten resistance heating boat. And the resistance heating boat made from tungsten was attached to the 2nd vacuum chamber of the vacuum evaporation system.
- the first and second vacuum chambers were depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa with the substrate holder and various resistance heating boats mounted in the vacuum deposition apparatus. And the above structural formula No.
- the resistance heating boat containing the compound represented by 1 was energized to heat the compound, and the compound was deposited on the substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to 0.2 nm / second. This formed the base layer with a film thickness of 25 nm on the base material.
- the substrate on which the underlayer is formed is transferred to the second vacuum tank, and the resistance heating boat containing silver is energized to heat the silver, and the deposition rate is 0.1 nm / second to Silver was deposited on the underlayer at 0.2 nm / second. Thereby, a metal layer having a thickness of 8 nm was formed on the base layer.
- the base material on which the base layer and the metal layer were formed was transferred to the first vacuum chamber while maintaining the vacuum environment. And the above structural formula No.
- the resistance heating boat containing the compound represented by 1 was energized to heat the compound, and the compound was deposited on the metal layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to 0.2 nm / second. As a result, an upper layer having a thickness of 25 nm was formed on the metal layer.
- the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 was produced in this way.
- Sample 1-2 (an example of a transparent conductive film according to the present invention)
- silver magnesium (AgMg) was used as the metal layer forming material.
- the thickness of the metal layer was 8 nm.
- the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-2 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for the configuration of the metal layer.
- Sample 1-3 (an example of a transparent conductive film according to the present invention)
- silver magnesium (AgMg) was used as the metal layer forming material.
- the thickness of the metal layer was 8 nm.
- a transparent conductive film of Sample 1-3 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for the configuration of the metal layer.
- Sample 1-4 In Sample 1-4, the base layer was not formed, and the metal layer was formed of ITO. In Sample 1-4, the thickness of the metal layer was 150 nm. A transparent conductive film of Sample 1-4 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for these configurations.
- Sample 1-5 In Sample 1-5, the base layer was not formed, and the metal layer was formed of an Ag film (Ag thick film) having a thickness of 15 nm.
- a transparent conductive film of Sample 1-5 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for these configurations.
- Sample 1-6 In Sample 1-6, the base layer was not formed, and the metal layer was formed of an Ag film having a thickness of 8 nm. A transparent conductive film of Sample 1-6 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for these configurations.
- Sample 1-7 In Sample 1-7, the upper layer was not formed, and the metal layer was formed of an Ag film having a thickness of 8 nm. A transparent conductive film of Sample 1-7 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for these configurations.
- Example 1 optical transparency, conductivity, and bending resistance were evaluated for the transparent conductive film of each of the samples prepared (Samples 1-1 to 1-7).
- the light transmittance was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: The light transmittance was 90% or more. B: The light transmittance was 80% or more and less than 90%. C: The light transmittance was 70% or more and less than 80%. D: The light transmittance was 50% or more and less than 70%. E: The light transmittance was less than 50%.
- the conductivity was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- E Sheet resistance value is 300 ⁇ / sq. That was all.
- the bending tolerance of each sample was evaluated based on the resistance change rate of the calculated sheet resistance value.
- the bending resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: The rate of change in resistance was less than 10%, and there was no problem in practical use. B: The rate of change in resistance was 10% or more and less than 30%, and there was no practical problem. C: The rate of change in resistance was 30% or more and less than 50%, and there was no practical problem. D: The rate of change in resistance was 50% or more and less than 100%, which was a practically problematic level. E: The rate of change in resistance was 100% or more, which was a practically problematic level.
- Table 1 below shows the results of various evaluation tests performed on the transparent conductive films of the above-prepared samples (samples 1-1 to 1-7). In Table 1 below, the film configuration of each sample is also shown.
- Samples 1-1 to 1-3 which are transparent conductive films according to the present invention, evaluations of “C” or more were obtained in all of light transmittance, conductivity, and bending characteristics.
- Samples 1-4 to 1-7 of Comparative Example 1 were evaluated as “E” in any of light transmittance, conductivity, and bending characteristics.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention As the film configuration, a metal layer made of silver or a silver-based alloy, a base layer and an upper layer made of a compound containing nitrogen atoms, It was found that a transparent conductive film excellent in all of light transmittance, conductivity, and bending characteristics can be obtained by adopting a structure that is sandwiched between.
- the light transmittance and conductivity characteristics are further improved by setting the ratio of silver contained in the metal layer to 90% or more.
- Example 2 In Example 2, transparent conductive films (Samples 2-1 to 2-5 below) were prepared by variously changing the formation material of the upper layer.
- Sample 2-1 (an example of a transparent conductive film according to the present invention)
- the following structural formula No. 2 was used, and the film thickness of the upper layer was 25 nm.
- the transparent conductive film of Sample 2-1 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for the configuration of the upper layer.
- Sample 2-2 (an example of a transparent conductive film according to the present invention)
- the following structural formula No. 3 was used, and the film thickness of the upper layer was 25 nm.
- the transparent conductive film of Sample 2-2 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for the structure of the upper layer.
- Sample 2-3 (an example of a transparent conductive film according to the present invention)
- the following structural formula No. 4 was used, and the film thickness of the upper layer was 25 nm.
- a transparent conductive film of Sample 2-3 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for the configuration of the upper layer.
- Sample 2-4 (an example of a transparent conductive film according to the present invention)
- the following structural formula No. 5 was used, and the film thickness of the upper layer was 25 nm.
- a transparent conductive film of Sample 2-4 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for the configuration of the upper layer.
- Sample 2-5 anthracene containing no nitrogen atom was used as the material for forming the upper layer, and the thickness of the upper layer was set to 25 nm.
- a transparent conductive film of Sample 2-5 was produced in the same manner as the transparent conductive film of Sample 1-1 except for the structure of the upper layer.
- Example evaluation and evaluation results of Example 2 In Example 2, with respect to the transparent conductive film of each of the prepared samples (Samples 2-1 to 2-5), evaluation of light transmittance, conductivity, and bending resistance was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Went. In addition, the evaluation criteria of each characteristic were the same as the evaluation criteria of Example 1 mentioned above.
- Table 2 below shows the results of various evaluation tests performed on each of the samples prepared (Samples 2-1 to 2-5).
- both the upper layer and the lower layer are represented by the above structural formula No.
- the evaluation results of Sample 1-1 formed with the compound represented by 1 are also shown.
- Table 2 below also lists the material for forming the upper layer and the value of effective action energy ⁇ Eef acting between the upper layer and the metal layer in each sample.
- the bending characteristics are improved by forming the upper layer with a compound containing a little nitrogen atom, that is, a compound having a negative effective action energy ⁇ Eef as in the transparent conductive film of the present invention. It turns out that it improves.
Abstract
Description
1.透明導電膜の構成
2.各種実施例
[透明導電膜の全体構成]
まず、透明導電膜の全体構成を、図1を参照しながら説明する。なお、図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る透明導電膜の概略構成断面図である。また、本明細書でいう、「透明」であるとは、波長550nmでの光透過率が50%以上であることを意味する。
基材11は、例えばガラス、プラスチック等により形成することができる。また、基材11は透明基材であってもよいし、不透明基材であってもよい。透明導電膜10の基材11側の表面から光を取り出す電子デバイスに、透明導電膜を適用する場合には、基材11は透明性を有する基材であることが好ましく、フレキシブル性を有するデバイスを作製する場合には、基材11は可撓性を有する基材であることがさらに好ましい。これらの場合、透明な基材11の好適な例としては、薄膜ガラス基材、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。
下地層12は、上述のように、窒素(N)原子を含有する化合物で形成され、好ましくは、窒素原子をヘテロ原子とした複素環を含む化合物で形成される。また、本実施形態では、下地層12に含まれる窒素原子を有する化合物と、金属層13に含まれる主材料(銀)との間に作用するエネルギー(以下、有効作用エネルギーΔEefという)が所定の範囲内の値である化合物で下地層12が形成されることが好ましい。
結合距離[r(Ag・N)]を指標とする場合には、まず、各化合物の立体的な構造を考慮して、当該化合物において窒素原子と銀とが安定的に結合する距離を、「安定結合距離」として予め設定する。次いで、当該化合物に含有される各窒素原子について、分子軌道計算法を用いて結合距離[r(Ag・N)]を算出する。なお、この際、分子軌道計算は、例えばGaussian 03(Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford, CT, 2003)を用いて行われる。
二面角[D]を指標とする場合、まず、分子軌道計算法を用いて、化合物中の窒素原子における二面角[D]を算出する。次いで、算出された二面角[D]が10度未満([D]<10度)となる窒素原子を、特定の窒素原子として選択する。このような窒素原子の選択は、複素環を構成する窒素原子が多く含まれる化合物に対して適用される。
次に、下地層12を形成する化合物の具体例(HC1~HC118)を示すが、下地層12の形成材料はこれらの例に限定されない。また、ここでは、上記一般式(1)及び一般式(2)には含まれない化合物も例示する。
次に、代表的な化合物の合成例として、上記構造式HC5で表される化合物の合成例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されない。
窒素雰囲気下で、2,8-ジブロモジベンゾフラン(1.0モル)、カルバゾール(2.0モル)、銅粉末(3.0モル)、及び、炭酸カリウム(1.5モル)を、DMAc(ジメチルアセトアミド)300mL中で混合し、該混合液を、130℃で24時間撹拌した。これにより得られた反応液を室温まで冷却した後、その反応液にトルエン1Lを加えた。そして、トルエンが加えられた反応液を、蒸留水で3回洗浄した。次いで、減圧雰囲気下において洗浄物から溶媒を留去して残渣を抽出し、該残渣をシリカゲルフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(n-ヘプタン:トルエン=4:1~3:1)により精製して、第1中間体を収率85%で得た。
室温、大気下で、第1中間体(0.5モル)をDMF(ジメチルホルムアミド)100mLに溶解し、該溶解液にNBS(N-ブロモコハク酸イミド)(2.0モル)を加え、該NBSを加えた溶液を、一晩、室温で撹拌した。これにより得られた沈殿を濾過した後、濾過物をメタノールで洗浄し、第2中間体を収率92%で得た。
窒素雰囲気下で、第2中間体(0.25モル)、2-フェニルピリジン(1.0モル)、ルテニウム錯体[(η6-C6H6)RuCl2]2(0.05モル)、トリフェニルホスフィン(0.2モル)、及び、炭酸カリウム(12モル)を、NMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)3L中で混合し、該混合液を、140℃で、一晩、撹拌した。これにより得られた反応液を室温まで冷却した後、その反応液にジクロロメタン5Lを加えた。そして、ジクロロメタンが加えられた反応液を濾過した。次いで、減圧雰囲気下(800Pa、80℃)において、濾液から溶媒を留去して残渣を抽出し、該残渣をシリカゲルフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(CH2Cl2:Et3N=20:1~10:1)で精製した。
本実施形態では、金属層13は、銀(Ag)又は銀を主成分とした合金により形成され、下地層12上に成膜される。金属層13の成膜方法としては、例えば、塗布法、インクジェット法、コーティング法、ディップ法等のウェットプロセスを用いる手法や、蒸着法(抵抗加熱、EB法など)、スパッタ法、CVD法等のドライプロセスを用いる手法などを用いることができる。これらの成膜手法の中でも、本実施形態では、金属層13の成膜方法として蒸着法を用いることが好ましい。
上地層14(応力緩和層)は、透明導電膜10を屈曲させた際に、金属層13に加わる応力を緩和させるために設けられた層である。上地層14は、窒素(N)原子を含有する化合物で形成され、金属層13内の銀と、上地層14内の窒素原子を含有する化合物との間で後述の相互作用効果が生じる材料であれば、任意の材料で形成することができる。
上述のように、本実施形態の透明導電膜10では、窒素原子を有する化合物を含有する下地層12上に、銀又は銀を主成分とした合金で形成された金属層13が設けられる。
上記構成の本実施形態の透明導電膜10は、各種電子デバイスに用いることができる。その電子デバイスの例としては、有機EL素子、LED(light Emitting Diode)、液晶素子、太陽光電池、タッチパネル等が挙げられる。なお、これらの電子デバイスにおいて、上記構成の透明導電膜10は、光透過性を必要とする電極部材に適用される。
次に、実際に作製した各種透明導電膜(実施例1及び2)の構成及び特性について説明する。
実施例1では、主に、金属層の形成材料を種々変化させて透明導電膜(下記サンプル1-1~1-7)を作製した。なお、作製した各透明導電膜のサンプルでは、導電性領域のサイズを5cm×5cmとした。
まず、サンプル1-1では、透明導電膜の基材として、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)製の基材を用意した。次いで、用意した基材を、市販の真空蒸着装置の基材ホルダーに固定した。また、サンプル1-1では、下地層及び上地層の形成材料として、下記構造式No.1で表される化合物を用い、該化合物をモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートに入れた。そして、基板ホルダー及びモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートを、真空蒸着装置の第1真空槽に取り付けた。
サンプル1-2では、金属層の形成材料として、銀マグネシウム(AgMg)を用いた。なお、サンプル1-2では、マグネシウムの含有量と、銀の含有量との比率を、Mg:Ag=1:9(10%:90%)とした。また、サンプル1-2では、金属層の膜厚を8nmとした。また、この例では、金属層の構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル1-2の透明導電膜を作製した。
サンプル1-3では、金属層の形成材料として、銀マグネシウム(AgMg)を用いた。なお、サンプル1-3では、マグネシウムの含有量と、銀の含有量との比率を、Mg:Ag=3:7(30%:70%)とした。また、サンプル1-3では、金属層の膜厚を8nmとした。また、この例では、金属層の構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル1-3の透明導電膜を作製した。
この例では、本発明に係る透明導電膜であるサンプル1-1~1-3と特性を比較するため、下記のような比較例1の透明導電膜(サンプル1-4~1-7)を作製した。
サンプル1-4では、下地層を形成せず、かつ、金属層をITOで形成した。また、サンプル1-4では、金属層の膜厚を150nmとした。これらの構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル1-4の透明導電膜を作製した。
サンプル1-5では、下地層を形成せず、かつ、金属層を膜厚15nmのAg膜(Ag厚膜)で形成した。これらの構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル1-5の透明導電膜を作製した。
サンプル1-6では、下地層を形成せず、かつ、金属層を膜厚8nmのAg膜で形成した。これらの構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル1-6の透明導電膜を作製した。
サンプル1-7では、上地層を形成せず、かつ、金属層を膜厚8nmのAg膜で形成した。これらの構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル1-7の透明導電膜を作製した。
実施例1では、上記作製した各サンプル(サンプル1-1~1-7)の透明導電膜に対して、光透過性、導電性、及び、曲げ耐性の評価を行った。
光透過性の評価では、各サンプルにおいて、波長550nmにおける光透過率を測定した。なお、光透過率の測定は、分光光度計(日立製作所製U-3300)を用いて行った。そして、測定された光透過率に基づいて、各サンプルの光透過性を評価した。
A:光透過率が90%以上であった。
B:光透過率が80%以上で、かつ、90%未満であった。
C:光透過率が70%以上で、かつ、80%未満であった。
D:光透過率が50%以上で、かつ、70%未満であった。
E:光透過率が50%未満であった。
導電性の評価では、各サンプルのシート抵抗値を測定した。シート抵抗値の測定は、抵抗率計(三菱化学社製MCP-T610)を用い、4端子4探針法定電流印加方式で行った。そして、測定されたシート抵抗値に基づいて、各サンプルの導電性を評価した。
A:シート抵抗値が10Ω/sq.未満であった。
B:シート抵抗値が10Ω/sq.以上で、かつ、50Ω/sq.未満であった。
C:シート抵抗値が50Ω/sq.以上で、かつ、100Ω/sq.未満であった。
D:シート抵抗値が100Ω/sq.以上で、かつ、300Ω/sq.未満であった。
E:シート抵抗値が300Ω/sq.以上であった。
曲げ耐性の評価では、直径9mmの金属棒の表面に、各サンプルの上地層側の面を外側(金属棒側とは反対側)に向けて、各サンプル(透明導電膜)を巻き付け、その状態を15秒間保持した。そして、この巻き付け動作前後のシート抵抗値を、抵抗率計(三菱化学社製MCP-T610)を用いて測定し、各サンプルの抵抗変化率を下記式で求めた。
抵抗変化率[%]={(巻き付け動作後のシート抵抗値)/(巻き付け動作前のシート抵抗値)}×100
A:抵抗変化率が10%未満であり、実用上問題の無いレベルであった。
B:抵抗変化率が10%以上で、かつ、30%未満であり、実用上問題の無いレベルであった。
C:抵抗変化率が30%以上で、かつ、50%未満であり、実用上問題の無いレベルであった。
D:抵抗変化率が50%以上で、かつ、100%未満であり、実用上問題の有るレベルであった。
E:抵抗変化率が100%以上であり、実用上問題の有るレベルであった。
上記作製した各サンプル(サンプル1-1~1-7)の透明導電膜に対して行った、各種評価試験の結果を、下記表1に示す。なお、下記表1には、各サンプルの膜構成も合わせて記載した。
実施例2では、上地層の形成材料を種々変化させて透明導電膜(下記サンプル2-1~2-5)を作製した。
サンプル2-1では、上地層の形成材料として、下記構造式No.2で表される化合物を用い、上地層の膜厚は、25nmとした。また、この例では、上地層の構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル2-1の透明導電膜を作製した。
サンプル2-2では、上地層の形成材料として、下記構造式No.3で表される化合物を用い、上地層の膜厚は、25nmとした。また、この例では、上地層の構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル2-2の透明導電膜を作製した。
サンプル2-3では、上地層の形成材料として、下記構造式No.4で表される化合物を用い、上地層の膜厚は、25nmとした。また、この例では、上地層の構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル2-3の透明導電膜を作製した。
サンプル2-4では、上地層の形成材料として、下記構造式No.5で表される化合物を用い、上地層の膜厚は、25nmとした。また、この例では、上地層の構成以外は、サンプル1-1の透明導電膜と同様にして、サンプル2-4の透明導電膜を作製した。
この例では、本発明に係る透明導電膜であるサンプル2-1~2-4と特性を比較するため、下記のような比較例2の透明導電膜(サンプル2-5)を作製した。
実施例2では、上記作製した各サンプル(サンプル2-1~2-5)の透明導電膜に対して、上記実施例1と同様にして、光透過性、導電性、及び、曲げ耐性の評価を行った。なお、各特性の評価基準は、上述した実施例1の評価基準と同様とした。
Claims (3)
- 基材と、
前記基材上に設けられた、窒素を含有する第1化合物層と、
前記第1化合物層上に設けられた、光透過性を有する金属層と、
前記金属層上に設けられた、窒素を含有する第2化合物層と
を備える透明導電膜。 - 前記金属層に銀が90%以上の割合で含まれる
請求項1に記載の透明導電膜。 - 前記金属層と、前記第2化合物層内の窒素との間に作用する有効作用エネルギーΔEefが、負の値である
請求項1又は2に記載の透明導電膜。
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US14/399,850 US20150093587A1 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-04-15 | Transparent conductive film |
EP13787926.8A EP2849186A4 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-04-15 | TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILM |
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WO2015093512A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学反射フィルム |
US9847501B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2017-12-19 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Aromatic heterocyclic derivative, material for organic electroluminescent element, and organic electroluminescent element |
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KR20170040863A (ko) | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-14 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 투광성 도전막 및 이를 포함하는 액정 표시 장치 |
WO2019188206A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 導電性フィルム、タッチパネルセンサー、タッチパネル |
SE543408C2 (en) | 2018-10-22 | 2021-01-05 | Mimsi Mat Ab | Glazing and method of its production |
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JPWO2013168516A1 (ja) | 2016-01-07 |
EP2849186A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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