WO2013163787A1 - 一种十字头的润滑结构 - Google Patents

一种十字头的润滑结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013163787A1
WO2013163787A1 PCT/CN2012/074946 CN2012074946W WO2013163787A1 WO 2013163787 A1 WO2013163787 A1 WO 2013163787A1 CN 2012074946 W CN2012074946 W CN 2012074946W WO 2013163787 A1 WO2013163787 A1 WO 2013163787A1
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Prior art keywords
crosshead
oil
sliding
guide plate
groove
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PCT/CN2012/074946
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢梅英
张斌
唐平
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四川宏华石油设备有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/074946 priority Critical patent/WO2013163787A1/zh
Publication of WO2013163787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013163787A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/144—Adaptation of piston-rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/18—Lubricating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C5/00—Crossheads; Constructions of connecting-rod heads or piston-rod connections rigid with crossheads

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a crosshead, in particular to a lubricating structure of a crosshead.
  • the connecting rod and the piston rod are usually connected by a crosshead.
  • the existing crosshead is usually matched by a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing.
  • the lubrication method of the above structure is generally adopted.
  • a dedicated oil hole channel forcibly lubricates the inner cavity of the crosshead.
  • the lubricating oil between the guide plate and the shoe is by means of self-flow lubrication or splash lubrication, the lubrication effect is poor, the inner cavity of the crosshead, and a lubricating line are shared between the guide plate and the shoe, and the oil is supplied. The amount is small and the lubrication effect is not good.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a lubricating structure of a crosshead with good lubrication effect.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a crosshead lubricating structure includes a crosshead body provided with a crosshead pin hole, and a pair of shoes and a guide plate are disposed on opposite sides of the crosshead body, and the shoe is fixed on an outer surface of the crosshead body
  • the guide plate is slidably engaged with the sliding shoe
  • the inner surface of the crosshead pin hole is provided with a crosshead oil groove
  • the outer surface of the shoe is provided with the sliding oil groove
  • the crosshead oil groove and the The sliding oil groove is connected.
  • the guide plate is provided with an oil inlet hole, and the oil inlet hole is in communication with the sliding oil groove.
  • the oil inlet is connected to the external oil source to further ensure that the lubricating oil can reach the lubrication points of the crosshead to improve the lubrication effect, thereby avoiding burnout, jamming and other accidents caused by lack of lubrication.
  • the number of the oil inlet holes is plural, and at least one oil inlet hole is in communication with the sliding oil groove.
  • the maximum pitch between the oil inlet holes is not less than a stroke of relative sliding between the shoe and the guide plate.
  • the guide plate includes a first guide plate and a second guide plate, the first guide plate is located above the second guide plate, and the first guide plate is provided with a first oil inlet hole, a second oil inlet hole and a first guide plate. a three-inlet oil hole, wherein the second oil inlet hole or the third oil inlet hole communicates with the sliding oil groove while the first oil inlet hole communicates with the sliding oil groove.
  • the structure is ensured that the sliding oil groove and the oil source are kept in communication when the sliding shoe and the guide plate are in relative motion, so as to ensure stable oil supply; when one of the second oil inlet hole and the third oil inlet hole is oiled and slipped When the position of the oil sump is corresponding and connected, the oil of the other oil inlet hole enters the inner side of the guide plate and the cross head body to assist lubrication, thereby further improving the lubrication effect.
  • the sliding oil groove is composed of a longitudinal groove and a transverse groove extending along a relative sliding direction between the shoe and the guide plate, the transverse groove is perpendicular to the longitudinal groove and The longitudinal grooves are connected.
  • the sliding oil groove has a "bump" shape.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the lubricating oil is forcedly lubricated between the guide plate and the sliding shoe by connecting the sliding oil groove and the crosshead oil groove, and the existing self-flow lubrication and splash lubrication Compared with other methods, the lubrication effect is better, and it can be applied to all split and non-split type connecting rods, split and non-split type rolling bearings.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic exploded view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of the present invention.
  • cross head body - 1 cross pin hole - 2; slipper - 3; first shoe - 3a; second shoe - 3b; guide - 4; first guide - 4a; second guide - 4b; crosshead oil tank-5; sliding oil tank-6; longitudinal groove-6a; transverse groove-6b; oil inlet hole-7; first oil inlet hole-7a; second oil inlet hole-7b; third oil inlet Hole - 7c; fourth oil inlet - 7d; first through hole - 8a; second through hole - 8b.
  • the lubricating structure of the crosshead of the present invention comprises a crosshead body 1 provided with a crosshead pin hole 2, and the inner surface of the crosshead pinhole 2 is provided with a crosshead oil groove 5, in a cross
  • Each of the opposite sides of the head body 1 is provided with a set of shoes 3 and a guide plate 4, wherein the shoe 3 is fixed to the outer surface of the crosshead body 1 by bolts, and the slide plate 3 is slidably engaged with the shoe 3, and the guide plate 4 is
  • the sliding shoes 3 can be relatively translated and rotated, and the sliding oil groove 6 is disposed on the outer surface of the sliding shoe 3, and the through hole is arranged between the crosshead oil groove 5 and the sliding oil groove 6, the crosshead oil groove 5 and the sliding oil groove 6 is connected through the through hole.
  • the first shoe 3a is fixed to the upper portion of the crosshead body 1 by bolts.
  • the outer surface of the first shoe 3a is slidably engaged with the first guide plate 4a, and the outer surface of the first shoe 3a is provided with the first shoe.
  • the first oil sump 6c is provided with a first oil hole that communicates with the crosshead oil groove 5, and the first oil sump 6c communicates with the crosshead oil groove 5 through the first oil hole.
  • a second shoe 3b is fixed to the lower portion of the crosshead body 1 by bolts.
  • the outer surface of the second shoe 3b is slidably engaged with the second guide plate 4b, and the outer surface of the second shoe 3b is provided with a second shoe.
  • the second oil sump is provided with a second oil hole connected to the crosshead oil groove 5, and the second oil sump is communicated with the crosshead oil groove 5 through the second oil hole.
  • the guide plate 4 and the shoe 3 are lubricated by forced lubrication, and the lubricating effect is further improved.
  • an oil inlet hole 7 is provided in the guide plate 4, and the oil inlet hole 7 communicates with the shoe oil groove 6.
  • an oil inlet hole 7 is disposed in each of the first guide plate 4a and the second guide plate 4b, and one end of the oil inlet hole 7 communicates with an external oil source, and the lubricating oil is introduced into the first sliding oil groove 6c, Lubricate in the second sliding oil tank.
  • Embodiment 1 Please refer to Embodiment 1 for the rest of the structure.
  • the number of the oil inlet holes 7 in the guide plate 4 is plural, and at least one oil inlet hole 7 communicates with the sliding oil groove 6 through
  • the manner of increasing the lubrication point further improves the lubrication effect between the shoe 3 and the guide plate 4, and the maximum pitch between the oil inlet holes 7 is not less than the relative sliding stroke between the shoe 3 and the guide plate 4, thereby ensuring the sliding track.
  • the sliding oil groove 6 is always in communication with the oil source, thereby avoiding the oil supply range beyond the oil inlet hole 7 when the sliding oil groove 6 slides, thereby ensuring stable oil supply.
  • the first guide plate 4a is provided with three oil inlet holes 7 that can communicate with an external oil source, wherein the second oil inlet hole 7b, the first oil inlet hole 7a, and the third oil inlet hole 7c are sequentially arranged, wherein The pitch between the second oil inlet hole 7b and the third oil inlet hole 7c is the same as the stroke of the first sliding shoe 3a and the first guide plate 4a.
  • the first oil inlet hole 7a is always in communication with the first sliding oil groove 6c, and one of the second oil inlet hole 7b and the third oil inlet hole 7c corresponds to the position of the oil sump 6
  • the oil of the other oil inlet hole 7 is dripped into the second guide plate 4b below the first guide plate 4a with its own weight, and the inside of the crosshead body 1 is additionally lubricated to further enhance the lubrication effect.
  • the first shoe oil groove 6c is provided with a first bore, and the first shoe oil groove 6c communicates with the crosshead oil groove 5 through the first through hole 8a.
  • a fourth oil inlet hole 7d is disposed in the lower guide plate 4, the fourth oil inlet hole 7d communicates with the second shoe oil groove, and the second shoe oil groove communicates with the crosshead oil groove 5 through the second through hole 8b.
  • Embodiment 1 Please refer to Embodiment 1 for the rest of the structure.
  • the lubricating oil grooves 6 are each composed of a longitudinal groove 6a and three transverse grooves 6b, and the longitudinal groove 6a is along the shoe 3 and the guide plate 4. Extending in the sliding direction, the transverse groove 6b is perpendicular to the longitudinal groove 6a and communicates with the longitudinal groove 6a.
  • the sliding oil groove 6 is formed in a "bumpy" shape as a whole to satisfy the relative translational sliding direction along the shoe 3 and the guide plate 4, and Lubrication when the shoe 3 and the guide 4 are relatively rotated.
  • Embodiment 3 Please refer to Embodiment 3 for the rest of the structure.
  • the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above.
  • the invention extends to any new feature or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any novel method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种十字头的润滑结构，包括设置有十字头销孔（2）的十字头本体（1），十字头本体（1）的相对两侧各设置有一组滑履（3）和导板（4），滑履（3）固定于十字头本体（1）的外表面，导板（4）与滑履（3）滑动配合，十字头销孔的内表面设置有十字头油槽（5），滑履（3）的外表面设置有滑履油槽（6），十字头油槽（5）与滑履油槽（6）连通。该润滑结构通过将滑履油槽（6）、十字头油槽（5）连通，使导板（4）与滑履（3）之间以强制润滑的方式进行润滑，润滑效果好，可适用于所有的剖分式与非剖分式连杆、剖分式与非剖分式滚动轴承。

Description

一种十字头的润滑结构
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种十字头，特别涉及一种十字头的润滑结构。
背景技术
在传统的钻井泵、压裂泵等往复泵中，通常将连杆与活塞杆通过十字头进行连接，现有的十字头通常采用滑动轴承或滚动轴承实现配合，上述结构的润滑方式，一般是通过一条专用的油孔通道向十字头内腔进行强制润滑。
申请号为：201020581919.1的中国实用新型专利《一种用于钻井泵连杆的十字头》中所公开的十字头，其在十字头的外表面对称布置有两片滑履，滑履的内表面与十字头的外表面相接触，利用滑履与十字头导板滑动配合，替代了原有的、通过十字头直接与导板滑动配合的方式，使用一段时间后，若滑动部件磨损，只需更换滑履即可，无需将整个十字头更换，提高了十字头的使用寿命、达到节约成本的目的。
但是，上述结构中，导板与滑履之间的润滑油是通过自流润滑、或者飞溅润滑的方式，润滑效果差，十字头的内腔、以及导板与滑履之间共用一条润滑管线，供油量少，润滑效果不佳。
随着钻采装备的发展，钻井泵、压裂泵向大功率大排量方向发展，而大排量下的高泵冲导致十字头部分发热大，这就需要大量的润滑油将热量带走。因此，上述的十字头润滑结构不适用于高冲数需要大量润滑油的钻井泵、压裂泵。
实用新型内容
本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术的上述不足，提供一种润滑效果好的十字头的润滑结构。
为解决上述技术问题，本实用新型提供了以下技术方案：
一种十字头的润滑结构，包括设置有十字头销孔的十字头本体，所述十字头本体的相对两侧各设置有一组滑履和导板，所述滑履固定于十字头本体的外表面，所述导板与所述滑履滑动配合，所述十字头销孔的内表面设置有十字头油槽，所述滑履的外表面设置有所述滑履油槽，所述十字头油槽与所述滑履油槽连通。采用这样的结构，通过将滑履油槽、十字头油槽连通，使导板与滑履之间以强制润滑的方式进行润滑，与现有的自流润滑、飞溅润滑等方式相比较，润滑效果更好，而且可适用于所有的剖分式与非剖分式连杆、剖分式与非剖分式滚动轴承。
优选的，所述导板上设置有进油孔，所述进油孔与所述滑履油槽连通。采用这样的结构，通过进油孔与外部油源连通，进一步保证了润滑油能够到达十字头各个润滑点，提升润滑效果，从而避免烧毁、卡死以及由于缺少润滑而造成的其他意外事故。
优选的，所述进油孔的数量为多个，其中至少一个进油孔与所述滑履油槽连通。采用这样的结构，通过增加润滑点的方式，进一步提升滑履与导板之间的润滑效果。
优选的，所述进油孔之间的最大孔距不小于所述滑履与所述导板之间相对滑动的行程。采用这样的结构，保证了滑履与导板在相对运动时，滑履油槽与油源保持连通，确保稳定供油。
优选的，所述导板包括第一导板、第二导板，所述第一导板位于所述第二导板上方，在所述第一导板上设置有第一进油孔、第二进油孔和第三进油孔，在所述第一进油孔与所述滑履油槽连通的同时，所述第二进油孔或所述第三进油孔与所述滑履油槽连通。采用这样的结构，保证了滑履与导板在相对运动时，滑履油槽与油源保持连通，确保稳定供油；当第二进油孔、第三进油孔中其中一个进油孔与滑履油槽位置相对应并连通时，另一进油孔的油液进入导板、十字头本体的内部辅助润滑，进一步提升润滑效果。
优选的，所述滑履油槽由纵向槽和横向槽组成，所述纵向槽沿所述滑履与所述导板之间的相对滑动方向延展，所述横向槽垂直于所述纵向槽并与所述纵向槽连通。采用这样的结构，使滑履与导板在相对平移滑动、以及相对转动的过程中，润滑情况良好，提升了润滑效果。
优选的，所述滑履油槽呈“丰”字形。采用这样的结构，使滑履与导板在相对平移滑动、以及相对转动的过程中，润滑情况良好，并进一步提升了润滑效果。
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果是：通过将滑履油槽、十字头油槽连通，使导板与滑履之间以强制润滑的方式进行润滑，与现有的自流润滑、飞溅润滑等方式相比较，润滑效果更好，而且可适用于所有的剖分式与非剖分式连杆、剖分式与非剖分式滚动轴承。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图；
图2为本实用新型结构的爆炸示意图；
图3为本实用新型结构的局部剖视图。
图中标记：十字头本体—1；十字头销孔—2；滑履—3；第一滑履—3a；第二滑履—3b；导板—4；第一导板—4a；第二导板—4b；十字头油槽—5；滑履油槽—6；纵向槽—6a；横向槽—6b；进油孔—7；第一进油孔—7a；第二进油孔—7b；第三进油孔—7c；第四进油孔—7d；第一通孔—8a；第二通孔—8b。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步的说明。
本实用新型的实施方式不限于以下实施例，在不脱离本实用新型宗旨的前提下做出的各种变化均属于本实用新型的保护范围之内。
实施例1
如图1至图3所示，本实用新型一种十字头的润滑结构包括设置有十字头销孔2的十字头本体1，十字头销孔2的内表面设置有十字头油槽5，在十字头本体1的相对两侧各设置有一组滑履3和导板4，其中，滑履3通过螺栓固定于十字头本体1的外表面，导板4与滑履3之间为滑动配合，导板4与滑履3之间可相对平移、转动，在滑履3的外表面设置有滑履油槽6，在十字头油槽5与滑履油槽6之间设置有通孔，十字头油槽5与滑履油槽6通过通孔连通。
具体的，在十字头本体1的上部通过螺栓固定有第一滑履3a，第一滑履3a的外表面与第一导板4a滑动配合，第一滑履3a的外表面设置有第一滑履油槽，第一滑履油槽6c上设置有连通至十字头油槽5的第一油孔，通过第一油孔将第一滑履油槽6c与十字头油槽5连通。
相应的，在十字头本体1的下部通过螺栓固定有第二滑履3b，第二滑履3b的外表面与第二导板4b滑动配合，第二滑履3b的外表面设置有第二滑履油槽，第二滑履油槽上设置有连通至十字头油槽5的第二油孔，通过第二油孔将第二滑履油槽与十字头油槽5连通。
通过上述结构，将滑履油槽6、十字头油槽5连通后，导板4与滑履3之间以强制润滑的方式进行润滑，润滑效果更好。
实施例2
如图1至图3所示，本实施例一种十字头的润滑结构中，在导板4上设置有进油孔7，所述进油孔7与所述滑履油槽6连通。
本实施例中，在第一导板4a和第二导板4b上均设置有一个进油孔7，进油孔7的一端与外部油源连通，并将润滑油导入至第一滑履油槽6c、第二滑履油槽内进行润滑。
其余结构请参阅实施例1。
实施例3
如图1至图3所示，本实施例一种十字头的润滑结构中，导板4上进油孔7的数量为多个，其中至少一个进油孔7与所述滑履油槽6连通，通过增加润滑点的方式，进一步提升滑履3与导板4之间的润滑效果，且进油孔7之间的最大孔距不小于滑履3与导板4之间相对滑动的行程，保证了滑履3与导板4在相对运动时，滑履油槽6与油源始终连通，避免了滑履油槽6滑动时超出进油孔7的供油范围，确保稳定供油。
具体的，在第一导板4a上设置有三个可与外部油源连通的进油孔7，其中，第二进油孔7b、第一进油孔7a、第三进油孔7c依次排列，其中，第二进油孔7b和第三进油孔7c之间的孔距与第一滑履3a、第一导板4a相对滑动的行程相同，因此，当第一滑履3a相对于第一导板4a滑动时，第一进油孔7a始终与第一滑履油槽6c保持连通，而第二进油孔7b、第三进油孔7c中，其中一个进油孔7与滑履油槽6位置相对应并连通，另一进油孔7的油液随自重滴入第一导板4a下方的第二导板4b上、以及十字头本体1的内部辅助润滑，进一步提升润滑效果。第一滑履油槽6c上设置有第一瞳孔，第一滑履油槽6c通过第一通孔8a与十字头油槽5连通。
在下导板4上设置有第四进油孔7d，第四进油孔7d与第二滑履油槽连通，第二滑履油槽通过第二通孔8b与十字头油槽5连通。
其余结构请参阅实施例1。
实施例4
如图1至图3所示，本实施例一种十字头的润滑结构中，滑履油槽6均由一个纵向槽6a和三个横向槽6b组成，纵向槽6a沿滑履3与导板4的相对滑动方向延展，横向槽6b垂直于纵向槽6a并与纵向槽6a连通，所述滑履油槽6整体呈“丰”字形，以满足沿滑履3、导板4相对平动滑移方向，以及滑履3、导板4相对转动时的润滑。
其余结构请参阅实施例3。
本实用新型并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。本实用新型扩展到任何在本说明书中披露的新特征或任何新的组合，以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何新的组合。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种十字头的润滑结构，包括设置有十字头销孔（2）的十字头本体（1），所述十字头本体（1）的相对两侧各设置有一组滑履（3）和导板（4），所述滑履（3）固定于所述十字头本体（1）的外表面，所述导板（4）与所述滑履（3）滑动配合，其特征在于：所述十字头销孔（2）的内表面设置有十字头油槽（5），所述滑履（3）的外表面设置有滑履油槽（6），所述十字头油槽（5）与所述滑履油槽（6）连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的十字头的润滑结构，其特征在于：所述导板（4）上设置有进油孔（7），所述进油孔（7）与所述滑履油槽（6）连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的十字头的润滑结构，其特征在于：所述进油孔（7）的数量为多个，其中至少一个进油孔（7）与所述滑履油槽（6）连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的十字头的润滑结构，其特征在于：所述进油孔（7）之间的最大孔距不小于所述滑履（3）与所述导板（4）之间相对滑动的行程。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一权利要求所述的十字头的润滑结构，其特征在于：所述导板（4）包括第一导板（4a）、第二导板（4b），所述第一导板（4a）位于所述第二导板（4b）上方，在所述第一导板（4a）上设置有第一进油孔（7a）、第二进油孔（7b）和第三进油孔（7c），在所述第一进油孔（7a）与所述滑履油槽（6）连通的同时，所述第二进油孔（7b）或所述第三进油孔（7c）与所述滑履油槽（6）连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的十字头的润滑结构，其特征在于：所述滑履油槽（6）由纵向槽（6a）和横向槽（6b）组成，所述纵向槽（6a）沿所述滑履（3）与所述导板（4）的相对滑动方向延展，所述横向槽（6b）垂直于所述纵向槽（6a）并与所述纵向槽（6a）连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的十字头的润滑结构，其特征在于：所述滑履油槽（6）呈“丰”字形。
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CN106870355A (zh) * 2017-03-14 2017-06-20 兰州理工大学 一种往复泵十字头组件
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CN114135459B (zh) * 2021-12-08 2024-01-12 西南石油大学 连杆受拉的超长冲程往复泵

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