WO2013150815A1 - Procédé de traitement d'eau et dispositif de traitement d'eau - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement d'eau et dispositif de traitement d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013150815A1
WO2013150815A1 PCT/JP2013/052703 JP2013052703W WO2013150815A1 WO 2013150815 A1 WO2013150815 A1 WO 2013150815A1 JP 2013052703 W JP2013052703 W JP 2013052703W WO 2013150815 A1 WO2013150815 A1 WO 2013150815A1
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Prior art keywords
filter
particle group
particles
water
waste water
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PCT/JP2013/052703
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
深谷　太郎
厚 山崎
剣治 堤
伊知郎 山梨
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株式会社 東芝
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Publication of WO2013150815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013150815A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
    • C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds

Definitions

  • the embodiment described herein relates to a water treatment method and a water treatment apparatus for separating inorganic particles present in water.
  • a method for separating other substances from a liquid includes a membrane separation method, a centrifugal separation method, an activated carbon adsorption method, an ozone treatment method, and a method for removing suspended substances by aggregation.
  • a membrane separation method By these methods, chemical substances having a great influence on the environment such as fluorine, chlorine, phosphorus and nitrogen contained in water can be removed, and oils and clays dispersed in water can be removed.
  • the membrane separation method is one of the most commonly used methods for removing insoluble substances in water.
  • a large amount of wastewater containing water-soluble fluorine compounds such as HF and H 2 SiF 6 is generated as factory wastewater, which must be detoxified.
  • a method for removing a fluorine component from fluorine-containing wastewater a method of reacting with a calcium agent and separating it as a fluorine compound is known.
  • a polymer flocculant such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is added thereto to aggregate the calcium fluoride to form a floc.
  • PAC polyaluminum chloride
  • Embodiment described here was made in order to solve the said subject, and it aims at providing the water treatment method and water treatment apparatus which can improve the quality of waste water without using a chemical
  • the average particle size of the first particle group is larger than the average particle size of the second particle group using either the sedimentation separation method or the centrifugal separation method.
  • the inorganic particles contained in the raw water are classified into the first particle group and the second particle group so as to be larger than the diameter, whereby the raw water contains the first particle group.
  • the waste water and the second waste water containing the second particle group are divided into two, and (b) the first waste water is sent to a solid-liquid separation device having a filter in advance, and on the filter (C) after the step (b), the second waste water is sent to a solid-liquid separator, and the inorganic particles of the second particle group are deposited on the filter.
  • pre-coating having inorganic particles of the first and second particle groups It was formed on the filter, (d) peeling the precoat layer from the said filter, characterized by discharging the release material from the solid-liquid separator.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration block diagram illustrating a water treatment apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing an outline of a water treatment process using the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which water containing first particles is supplied to the filter.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the precoat layer made of the first particles deposited on the filter.
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which water containing second particles is supplied to the precoat layer on the filter.
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a precoat layer composed of first and second particles deposited on the filter.
  • FIG. 3E is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the precoat layer is removed from the filter.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which water containing soft particles is supplied to the filter.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the deformed soft particles block the pores of the filter.
  • FIG. 4C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which clogged soft particles cannot be easily removed from the filter by washing with water.
  • FIG. 5 is a configuration block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to another embodiment. 6 is a process diagram showing an outline of a water treatment process using the apparatus of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a configuration block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a process diagram showing an outline of a water treatment process using the apparatus of FIG.
  • the water treatment method uses (a) the sedimentation separation method or the centrifugal separation method, and the average particle diameter of the first particle group is that of the second particle group.
  • the inorganic particles contained in the raw water are classified into the first particle group and the second particle group so as to be larger than the average particle diameter, whereby the raw water contains the first particle group.
  • 1 waste water and a second waste water containing the second particle group and (b) sending the first waste water to a solid-liquid separator having a filter in advance, (C) After the step (b), the second waste water is sent to a solid-liquid separator, and the second particle group is deposited on the filter.
  • Pre-coating having inorganic particles deposited thereby having inorganic particles of said first and second particle groups Forming a layer on the filter, (d) peeling the precoat layer from the said filter, characterized by discharging the release material from the solid-liquid separator.
  • the inorganic particles in water are roughly classified into two particle groups according to the size of the particle diameter, and the first particle group having the larger average particle diameter is preceded by solid-liquid separation. It sends to an apparatus and the 1st particle group is filtered with a filter (FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B).
  • the second particle group having a smaller average particle diameter is sent to the solid-liquid separator, and the second particle group is filtered with a filter (FIGS. 3C and 3D).
  • the inorganic particles composed of the first and second particle groups are deposited on the filter of the solid-liquid separator, and a two-layered deposited layer is formed.
  • peeling water is sprayed on the two deposited layers from the side of the solid-liquid separation device, and the deposited layers are peeled off from the filter to break apart, and together with the separated water, inorganic particles (decomposed products of the deposited layer) are separated. Drain from the solid-liquid separator (FIG. 3E).
  • large particles are layered on the filter before the small particles to form a large particle precoat layer so that the small particles do not come into direct contact with the filter's filtration surface and clog the filter with small particles. Since this can be avoided, the filter life can be extended (filter life extension).
  • large particles are deposited on the filter before the small particles, so large particles are trapped in the pores between the stacked particles, so that particles that are much smaller than the actual filter pore diameter are also captured. Yes (improves removal rate).
  • the raw water in the classification step (a), can be divided into the first waste water and the second waste water using the sedimentation separation method (FIGS. 1, 2, 7, and FIG. 8).
  • “Sedimentation separation method” is defined as a method of separating a solid substance into one having a large mass and one having a small mass by utilizing the difference in sedimentation speed in water.
  • a sedimentation separation tank having a baffle plate inside, or a cascade-shaped sedimentation vessel or sedimentation basin can be exemplified.
  • the raw water in the classification step (a), can be divided into the first waste water and the second waste water using a centrifugal separation method (FIGS. 5 and 6).
  • Centrifuge separation is defined as a method of separating solids into one having a large mass and one having a small mass by utilizing the action of centrifugal force.
  • a hydrocyclone having an inverted frustoconical main body and a lowermost pot can be cited.
  • the lowermost pot is a place attached to the lowermost part of the hydrocyclone and where the centrifuged heavy components flow down.
  • the heavy component collected in the bottom pot is in the form of a slurry.
  • the difference ⁇ d in the average particle size between the inorganic particles of the first particle group and the inorganic particles of the second particle group is the value of the first particle group. It is preferably in the range of more than 6% and 50% or less (0.06 d L ⁇ d ⁇ 0.50 d L ) of the average particle diameter d L of the inorganic particles.
  • the difference ⁇ d in the average particle size of the inorganic particles of the first and second particle groups contained in the two divided wastewaters is calculated as the average of the inorganic particles in the first particle group.
  • 6% greater than the range of 50% or less of the particle diameter d L it is possible to perform efficiently the water treatment. This is because when the difference ⁇ d in the average particle size is 6% or less, there is no merit of separately filtering the first particle group and the second particle group.
  • the average particle size difference ⁇ d exceeds 50%, the small particles of the second particle group may pass through the filter through the gaps of the first particle group in which large particles are stacked on the filter. Because.
  • the inventors of the present application have confirmed that the particle diameter that can be taken in a layer in which arbitrary particles are laminated is approximately 6% of the particles.
  • the filter of the solid-liquid separator has a filtration surface orthogonal to the direction in which gravity acts.
  • the filtration surface of the filter is orthogonal to the direction in which the gravity acts, that is, when the filtration surface of the filter is horizontal, the particles stacked on the filter are stabilized by the action of gravity. This is because the precoat layer having a uniform thickness is maintained without moving, and the quality of the treated water that has passed through the filter is improved.
  • a calcium-containing filter aid is added to the raw water, and the cation (Ca 2+ ) generated by dissolving the calcium-containing filter aid in water is removed from the raw water. It is possible to further have a pretreatment step of reacting with the anion (F ⁇ ) of the compound to precipitate the reactive compound particles as the inorganic particles (FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6).
  • Fluorine compound particles (second particles) by adding calcium-containing filter aid (first particles) to raw water containing fluorine ions as a pretreatment step and reacting the fluorine ions with the components of calcium-containing filter aid To precipitate.
  • the specific gravity of the inorganic particles (second particles) becomes relatively high, and gravity sedimentation separation in a sedimentation separation tank and centrifugal separation in a cyclone are facilitated.
  • Waste water containing precipitated compound particles as second particles is sent to a sedimentation separation tank or cyclone, and a first particle group having a large average particle diameter and a second particle group having a small average particle diameter in the precipitation separation tank or cyclone, Can be classified.
  • a calcium carbonate fine powder is added to the raw water as a calcium-containing filter aid, and fluorine ions contained in the raw water are precipitated in the form of calcium fluoride particles.
  • calcium carbonate fine powder is added as the first particles to the water to be treated containing fluorine ions to precipitate calcium fluoride particles.
  • the added calcium carbonate dissolves in water to generate calcium ions and carbonate ions as shown in the following formula (1).
  • the generated calcium ions react with fluorine ions in the waste water, and calcium fluoride is precipitated according to the following formula (2).
  • the average particle diameter of calcium fluoride particles precipitated in water is about 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • Water to be treated containing precipitated calcium fluoride particles (specific gravity 3.18) is sent to a sedimentation tank or cyclone, and a first particle group having a large average particle size and a second particle having a small average particle diameter in the sedimentation tank or cyclone Classify into groups.
  • the calcium carbonate fine powder is preferably composed of particles having an average particle diameter of 4 to 30 ⁇ m (Tables 1 and 2).
  • the average particle size of the calcium carbonate fine powder is preferably in the range of about 4 to 30 ⁇ m. Since the average particle size of the generated calcium fluoride particles is approximately in the range of 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m, calcium fluoride fine powder having an average particle size larger than this will be used. This is because the particles cannot be deposited.
  • the inorganic particles contained in the raw water are such that the average particle size of the first particle group is greater than the average particle size of the second particle group.
  • the first particle group and the second particle group are classified so as to increase, whereby the raw water is classified into a first drainage containing the first particle group and a second particle group containing the second particle group.
  • the first drainage and the second drainage are separated from the classification means at different timings provided with a time difference.
  • a deposited layer having a two-layer structure composed of a first particle group / second particle group can be formed on the filter.
  • the classifying means is preferably a sedimentation separation tank that separates inorganic particles into a first particle group and a second particle group using the action of gravity (FIG. 1, FIG. 7).
  • a sedimentation separation tank having a baffle plate inside can be used.
  • the baffle plate 51 divides the internal space from the top to the bottom (excluding the bottom) of the sedimentation separation tank 5 into an inflow side space 52 and a discharge side space 53.
  • the baffle plate 51 is attached to the sedimentation tank 5 so that the volume of the discharge side space 53 is larger than the volume of the inflow side space 52.
  • the lower end of the baffle plate 51 is separated from the bottom of the sedimentation tank 5, and a lower opening 54 is formed between the bottom of the tank and the lower end of the baffle plate 51.
  • the inflow side space 52 and the discharge side space 53 communicate with each other through the lower opening 54.
  • the bottom of the settling tank 5 has a mortar shape (inverted conical shape).
  • the classification means is preferably a liquid cyclone that separates the inorganic particles into a first particle group and a second particle group by utilizing the action of centrifugal force (FIG. 5). ).
  • a liquid cyclone having a conical body and a lowermost pot can be used as a means for utilizing the centrifugal separation method.
  • a mechanical separation device liquid cyclone having a pot at the bottom
  • the above (9) may further have a pump and a raw water tank for supplying waste water containing fluorine ions as raw water to the classification means (FIG. 7).
  • the raw water is directly sent from the raw water tank to the classification means without being pretreated (treatment for precipitating fluorine ions in the raw water as fluorinated compound particles), and is contained in the raw water by the classification means.
  • the inorganic particles are directly divided into a first particle group (first drainage) and a second particle group (second drainage).
  • the raw water tank flows directly by directly connecting the raw water tank to the classification means and pumping the raw water directly from the raw water tank to the classification means. And the inorganic particles can be separated and removed from the water with less energy consumption.
  • the inorganic particles can be divided into first and second particle groups using, for example, a liquid cyclone.
  • the hydrocyclone flows water in the circumferential direction of an inclined cylindrical body, and separates large particles into the lower part and small particles into the upper part.
  • the inorganic particles can be divided into first and second particle groups.
  • the “particle size ratio” refers to a ratio (100 ⁇ d2 / d1) in which the average particle size d1 of large particles is used as a reference and the average particle size d2 of small particles is expressed as a percentage.
  • the average particle size of the particles that can be separated by the precoat layer is from 6% of the average particle size of the particles constituting the precoat layer.
  • the particle size ratio exceeds 50%, the average particle size of the two particle groups becomes close, and the merit of filtering separately is lost.
  • the solid-liquid separation device may have any filter (membrane) that can filter the first particle group constituting the precoat layer, but it is preferable to use a filter having a horizontal filter surface. If the filter surface is horizontal, the direction of gravity will be perpendicular to the direction of gravity, and the particles that make up the precoat layer will flow and stabilize on the filter, so the precoat layer will have better filtration performance and improve the quality of the filtered water. Can do.
  • This filter can be selected according to the required quality of the treated water. For example, a filter having an air permeability of 30 to 1500 cc / cm 2 ⁇ min is used.
  • the air permeability is measured by the Frazier method.
  • a filter cloth for a dehydrator can be generally used, and examples include pyrene (polypropylene), tetron (polyester), and nylon (polyamide). Of these, it is more effective if the precoat layer has good peelability.
  • polypropylene is preferable because it is not only inexpensive, but also has a stable differential pressure after recovery of the precoat layer and little deterioration, so that it can be easily used for water treatment.
  • the filter cloth can take various weaving methods such as plain weave, twill weave and satin weave, but is not particularly limited. Desirable air permeability and weaving method of the filter cloth for use may be appropriately selected in view of manufacturing costs, and polypropylene is particularly preferable, and plain weaving is preferable. These filter cloths may be calendered if necessary.
  • the water treatment method of the embodiment described here is suitable for removing fluoride ions in water using calcium carbonate particles.
  • the calcium carbonate particles react with fluoride ions in water to form a calcium fluoride film on the surface of the calcium carbonate particles, and this film is peeled off to form calcium fluoride fragments. Is separated into water and the newly exposed surface of the calcium carbonate particles reacts again with fluoride ions in the water to remove the fluoride ions in the water.
  • calcium fluoride particles (fragments) having a small particle size and calcium carbonate having a large particle size coexist in the waste water. If this wastewater is directly applied to a filter, the particle size distribution is wide. Therefore, a filter with a fine pore size must be used to capture fine particles. In addition, since the fine particles block the pores of the filter, the filter life is also shortened.
  • the particles are divided into particles having a large particle size and particles having a small particle size, and the large particles (first particle group) precede the small particles (second particle group).
  • a coarse filter can be used, and the life of the filter can be extended.
  • separating the particles contained in the wastewater and laminating them on the filter also reduces the amount of the precoat layer that is finally formed, and discards it as a whole. The amount of objects (such as a precoat layer) can be reduced.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is an apparatus that uses a sedimentation method using a sedimentation tank (precipitation device) as a classification means.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 includes a reaction tank 2, a raw water tank 3, an additive addition apparatus 4, a sedimentation separation tank 5, a first temporary storage tank 6, a second temporary storage tank 7, a solid-liquid separation apparatus 8, and a treated water tank. 10 and a concentrated liquid tank 11, and these devices and apparatuses are connected to each other by a plurality of piping lines L1 to L8.
  • Various pumps P1 to P3, valves V1 to V2, and measuring instruments and sensors are attached to the piping lines L1 to L8, respectively.
  • Detection signals are input from these measuring instruments and sensors to the input section of a controller (not shown), and control signals are output from the output section of the controller to the pumps P1 to P3 and valves V1 to V2, respectively. It has become so. As described above, the entire water treatment apparatus 1 is comprehensively controlled by a controller (not shown).
  • the reaction tank 2 is a pretreatment apparatus for pretreating raw water, and the raw water containing fluorine ions is introduced from the raw water tank 3 while the raw water is temporarily stored.
  • a calcium filter aid As a calcium filter aid, a fine powder of calcium carbonate is added to raw water.
  • the fluoride ions and carbonate ions contained in the raw water react to precipitate calcium fluoride particles.
  • the reaction vessel 2 may optionally have a stirring screw.
  • the sedimentation tank 5 is divided into two spaces 52 and 53 having different volumes by a baffle plate 51 inside. That is, the baffle plate 51 divides the internal space from the top to the bottom (excluding the bottom) of the sedimentation separation tank 5 into an inflow side space 52 and a discharge side space 53.
  • the baffle plate 51 is attached to the sedimentation tank 5 so that the volume of the discharge side space 53 is larger than the volume of the inflow side space 52.
  • the lower end of the baffle plate 51 is separated from the bottom of the sedimentation tank 5, and a lower opening 54 is formed between the lower end of the baffle plate 51 and the bottom of the tank.
  • the inflow side space 52 and the discharge side space 53 communicate with each other through the lower opening 54.
  • a space 52 having a small volume is connected to the reaction tank 2 via a raw water supply line L1 having a pump P1.
  • a second drainage discharge line L3 is connected to the space 53 having a large volume.
  • the bottom of the sedimentation separation tank 5 has a mortar shape (inverted conical shape).
  • first drainage discharge line L2 having a valve V1.
  • This first drainage discharge line L2 is connected to the upper part of the first temporary storage tank 6 and flows down the first drainage containing the first particle group to the first temporary storage tank 6 by the action of gravity. .
  • the solid-liquid separator 8 incorporates a filter 83 that partitions the interior horizontally into an upper space 81 and a lower space 82.
  • the upper space 81 of the solid-liquid separator is connected to the first and second temporary storage tanks 6 and 7 via drainage supply lines L4 and L5 having a pressure feed pump P2. Further, a stripping water supply line L7 and a concentrate discharge line L8 having a pump (not shown) are connected to the sides of the upper space 81, respectively.
  • the line L8 has a pump P3, and discharges the concentrate (deposit + stripping water) from the solid-liquid separator 8 to the concentrate tank 11.
  • the lower space 82 of the solid-liquid separator is connected to the treated water supply line L6, and the treated water is sent to the treated water tank 10 via the line L6.
  • the sedimentation separation method is particularly effective when the flow rate of waste water containing a solid content of water-insoluble matter is large.
  • calcium carbonate fine powder is added to water to be treated containing fluorine ions to precipitate calcium fluoride particles (step S1).
  • the amount of calcium carbonate fine powder introduced is, for example, about 0.6 to 1.0 mole per mole of fluoride ions.
  • the particle diameter of the calcium carbonate fine powder is approximately 4 to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the stirring time is, for example, 5 to 60 minutes.
  • the added calcium carbonate fine powder is dissolved in water to generate calcium ions and carbonate ions as shown in the following formula (1).
  • the generated calcium ions react with the fluorine ions in the waste water, and calcium fluoride fine particles are deposited according to the following formula (2).
  • the average particle diameter of the calcium fluoride particles precipitated in water is about 1 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • Step S2 The water to be treated containing precipitated calcium fluoride particles (specific gravity 3.18) is sent to the sedimentation separation tank 5, and the first particle group having a large average particle diameter and the second particle group having a small average particle diameter in the sedimentation separation tank 5 (Step S2). That is, in the sedimentation tank 5, large particles can be taken out from the lower part of the sedimentation tank 5 and small particles can be taken out from the upper part of the sedimentation tank 5.
  • the settling time depends on the size of the particles and the settling speed, but is, for example, 15 minutes to 120 minutes.
  • the slurry liquid sent from the reaction tank 2 by the pump P1 is partially settled by the action of gravity, the liquid containing large particles is discharged from the lower part of the tank 5, and the liquid containing small particles is discharged from the upper part of the tank 5.
  • the first drainage containing the first particle group having a large average particle size is stored in the first temporary storage tank 6.
  • the second waste water containing the second particle group having a small average particle size is stored in the second temporary storage tank 7.
  • the first drainage is supplied from the first temporary storage tank 6 to the solid-liquid separator 8 by operating the switching valve V2 and the pressure feed pump P2 (FIG. 3A).
  • the particles of the first particle group are separated from the first waste water by the filter 83, and as a result, the particles 22 of the first particle group having a large particle size distribution are deposited on the filter 83 as shown in FIG. S3).
  • the separation step S3 of the first particle group the supply pressure of the pressure pump P2 is adjusted to a range of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa. The pump P2 is stopped and the first particle group separation step S3 is terminated.
  • step S4 the switching valve V2 is switched, the pressure feed pump P2 is restarted, and the second waste water is supplied from the second temporary storage tank 7 to the solid-liquid separator 8 (FIG. 3C).
  • Filter 83 separates the particles of the second particle group from the second drainage, so that the second particles having a smaller average particle size on the particles 22 of the first particle group on the filter 83 are smaller.
  • a group of particles 23 is further deposited (step S4). At this time, the average particle diameter d 2 of the particles 23 of the second particle group is smaller than the diameter df of the filter pores 84, but the first particle group has a first particle layer 22 on the precoat layer as shown in FIG. 3D. Particles 23 of two particle groups are deposited.
  • the precoat layer 24 composed of the particles 22 and 23 of the first and second particle groups is formed on the filter 83.
  • the supply pressure of the pressure pump P2 is adjusted to a range of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa.
  • the pump P2 is stopped and the second particle group separation step S4 is completed.
  • peeling water is sprayed onto the filter 83 from the side of the solid-liquid separator 8, and the precoat layer 24 is peeled off and removed from the filter 83 (step S5).
  • the precoat layer 24 is peeled off from the filter 83 by spraying peeling water from the side of the solid-liquid separator 8, and discharged to the tank 11 as a concentrated liquid through the discharge line L8 communicating with the discharge port.
  • the filter 83 is washed and regenerated, and solid-liquid separation can be performed again.
  • the calcium fluoride particles precipitated by the pretreatment are classified and separated / removed, but the target particles are not limited to calcium fluoride particles, and hard particles 22 that are not easily elastically deformed 22 , 23 can be processed.
  • the soft particles 26 cannot be treated because they are deformed as shown in FIG. 4B and clog the filter pores 84 and are easily clogged. That is, since the soft particles 26 in the pumped waste water are deformed and fitted into the pores 84 of the filter, not only the water flow rate is drastically reduced, but also peeled from the side as shown in FIG. 4C. This is because the soft particles 26 cannot be separated from the filter 83 even when water is sprayed. Examples of such soft particles include agglomerated polymers and water-insoluble oils.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1A of the present embodiment uses a centrifugal separation method, and is particularly effective when the flow rate is small or the installation area of the apparatus is small.
  • the apparatus 1A of the present embodiment is different from the apparatus 1 of the first embodiment in that the apparatus 1A is provided with a liquid cyclone 9 instead of the sedimentation separation tank 5 as a classification means, and the reaction tank 2A is provided inside.
  • the packed tower is filled with calcium carbonate particulates.
  • the hydrocyclone 9 has a hollow inverted frustoconical shape in which the upper part of the main body is wide and the lower part is gradually narrowed, and a pot 91 for collecting separations is attached to the lowermost part.
  • the pot 91 is connected to the upper part of the first temporary storage tank 6 by a line L2 having a valve V1.
  • the valve V1 When the valve V1 is opened, the slurry containing the separated heavy particles (first particle group) flows down by the action of gravity and is discharged to the first temporary storage tank 6.
  • water and light particles are discharged to the second temporary storage tank 7 through a line L3 connected to the upper part of the cyclone.
  • the reaction tank 2A is filled with a granular filler 21 mainly composed of calcium carbonate.
  • a granular filler 21 mainly composed of calcium carbonate.
  • step K1 fluorine ions contained in the raw water and calcium carbonate are reacted in the reaction tank 2A to precipitate calcium fluoride particles (step K1).
  • Separation process K2 of this embodiment is performed by the liquid cyclone 9 instead of the sedimentation tank.
  • the liquid cyclone 9 classifies the particles into large particles and small particles (step K2).
  • Water to be treated containing precipitated calcium fluoride particles (specific gravity: 3.18) is sent to the hydrocyclone 9, and the water introduced into the hydrocyclone 9 rotates at high speed along the inner wall of the cyclone body, and the particles are generated by centrifugal force at this time.
  • the first particle-containing slurry stored in the lower pot 91 is sent to the first temporary storage tank 6 through the line L2 by opening the valve V1.
  • the opening and closing of the valve V1 may be performed periodically, or may be performed at any time according to the amount of slurry in the pot 91.
  • the first waste water containing the first particle group having a large average particle diameter is stored in the first temporary storage tank 6.
  • a particle group having a small average particle size flows out from the upper part of the cyclone 9.
  • the second waste water containing the second particle group having a small average particle size is stored in the second temporary storage tank 7.
  • the first drainage is supplied from the first temporary storage tank 6 to the solid-liquid separator 8 by operating the switching valve V2 and the pressure feed pump P2 (FIG. 3A).
  • the filter 83 separates the particles of the first particle group from the first drainage, and as a result, the first particles 22 having a large average particle diameter are deposited on the filter 83 as shown in FIG. A precoat layer of the particles 22 is formed (step K3).
  • the separation step S3 of the first particle group the supply pressure of the pressure pump P2 is adjusted to a range of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa. The pump P2 is stopped and the first particle group separation step S3 is terminated.
  • the switching valve V2 is switched, the pressure feed pump P2 is restarted, and the second waste water is supplied from the second temporary storage tank 7 to the solid-liquid separator 8 (FIG. 3C).
  • the second particles are separated from the second drainage by the precoat layer on the filter 83, and as a result, second particles 23 having a small average particle diameter are further deposited on the precoat layer on the filter 83 (step K4).
  • the average particle diameter d 2 of the particles 23 of the second particle group is smaller than the diameter df of the filter pores 84, but the second particles 23 are formed on the precoat layer of the first particles 22 as shown in FIG. 3D. Accumulates.
  • a two-layered deposition layer 24 composed of the particles 22 and 23 of the first and second particle groups is formed on the filter 83.
  • the supply pressure of the pressure pump P2 is adjusted to a range of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa.
  • the pump P2 is stopped and the second particle group separation step S4 is completed.
  • peeling water is sprayed onto the filter 83 from the side of the solid-liquid separation device 8, and the deposited layer 24 having a two-layer structure is peeled off from the filter 83 (step K5).
  • the deposited layer 24 having a two-layer structure is peeled off from the filter 83 by spraying peeling water from the side of the solid-liquid separation device 8 and passes through the discharge line L8 communicating with the discharge port to the tank 11 as a concentrated liquid. Discharged. As a result, the filter 83 is washed and regenerated, and solid-liquid separation can be performed again.
  • the raw water is directly sent from the raw water tank 3 to the sedimentation / separation tank 5 via the line L1 without pretreatment of the raw water, and the inorganic particles contained in the raw water are directly the first particles. It is divided into a group (first drainage) and a second particle group (second drainage).
  • This embodiment is a process for separating suspended solids (SS) other than precipitated calcium fluoride particles together with precipitated calcium fluoride particles.
  • the inorganic water particles 3 can be separated and removed from the water with less energy consumption by directly connecting the raw water tank 3 to the classification means (sedimentation separation tank 5) and feeding the raw water with the pump P1.
  • the quality of the treated water can be improved by classifying the inorganic particles in the wastewater without using a special chemical.
  • Calcium carbonate particles B (average particle size 4 ⁇ m) were prepared.
  • All particles A, B, and C were obtained by pulverizing commercially available calcium carbonate reagent (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) with a ball mill, removing particles larger than 40 microns, and then adjusting the average particle size by wind sorting. is there.
  • the average particle diameter is obtained by adding and averaging a plurality of actually measured values measured by a laser diffraction method.
  • the particle size of calcium carbonate particles C was measured using a SALD-DS21 type measuring device (product name) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
  • the average particle size of the calcium carbonate particles C is defined as a volume average particle size (Mean Volume Diameter).
  • Example 1 An apparatus schematically shown in FIG. 1 was produced. As the water to be treated, an aqueous hydrogen fluoride solution containing 1000 mg / L of fluoride ions was prepared. This treated water is put into the reaction tank 2, and calcium carbonate particles A are added to 1 mol in terms of calcium per 1 mol of fluoride ions. When mixed for 10 minutes, the fluoride ion concentration in the water is 8 mg. Confirmed to be less than / L.
  • the water to be treated is transferred from the reaction tank 2 to the sedimentation separation tank 5 via the pump P1, and the sedimentation is performed by adjusting the flow rate so that the average residence time is 20 minutes.
  • a slurry containing particles having an average particle diameter of about 20 ⁇ m and a slurry having particles having an average particle diameter of about 4 ⁇ m are obtained from the upper part of the settling separation tank 5, and these slurries are separated from the large particle-containing drain tank 6 and the small-sized slurry tank 6. Each was transferred to a particle-containing drainage tank 7.
  • the pump P ⁇ b> 2 was started and the slurry in the large particle-containing drainage tank 6 was supplied to the horizontal filter 83 of the solid-liquid separator 8.
  • the filter 83 was a polypropylene filter cloth. After a precoat layer having a thickness of about 1 mm was formed on the filter 83, the slurry was supplied from the small particle-containing drainage tank 7 to the solid-liquid separator 8 to separate and collect the small particles.
  • the solid concentration of the treatment liquid at this time was 10 mg / L or less, and the concentration of fluoride ions was 8 mg / L or less.
  • the treatment liquid is passed through the washing water supply port installed at the upper part of the solid-liquid separation device 8 by an amount of 5% of the total water flow rate, and the particle concentration of the reference liquid is 20% from the washing water collection port.
  • a double concentrated calcium carbonate / calcium fluoride particle mixed solution was obtained.
  • the “reference solution” refers to the concentration of inorganic particles in the wastewater when calcium fluoride particles are deposited.
  • the initial pressure loss of the filter 83 increased by 0.05 MPa from that in the first test by the third test.
  • the initial pressure loss did not increase any more, and the filter 83 and the calcium carbonate particles A could be used stably and repeatedly without clogging the filter 83.
  • Example 2 A test was performed in the same manner except that the calcium carbonate particles B were used in place of the calcium carbonate particles A using the same apparatus as in Example 1.
  • the particles were divided into particles having an average of 11 ⁇ m and an average of 2.3 ⁇ m, and the treatment could be performed in the same manner.
  • the solid concentration of the treatment liquid at this time was 10 mg / L or less, and the concentration of fluoride ions was 8 mg / L or less.
  • the initial pressure loss of the filter 83 increased by 0.08 MPa by the third test, but the initial pressure loss of the filter 83 increased further in the fourth and subsequent tests.
  • the filter 83 and the calcium carbonate particles B could be used stably.
  • Example 3 A test was performed in the same manner except that the calcium carbonate particles C were used in place of the calcium carbonate particles A using the same apparatus as in Example 1.
  • the sedimentation / separation tank 5 it was divided into particles having an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m and an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m, and the treatment could be performed in the same manner.
  • the solid concentration of the treatment liquid at this time was 15 mg / L, and the concentration of fluoride ions was 8 mg / L or less.
  • the initial pressure loss of the filter 83 increased by 0.04 MPa by the third test, but the initial pressure loss of the filter 83 increased further in the fourth and subsequent tests.
  • the filter 83 and the calcium carbonate particles C could be used stably.
  • Example 4 The test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the apparatus 1A shown in FIG. As the liquid cyclone 9, a cyclone S-30 manufactured by Toshiba was used. After passing through the cyclone, a slurry containing particles having an average particle diameter of 18 ⁇ m was obtained from the lower part of the cyclone, and a slurry containing particles having an average particle diameter of 4 ⁇ m were obtained from the upper part. When this was supplied to the solid-liquid separator 8 and processed in the same manner as in Example 1, the solid concentration of the treatment liquid at this time was 10 mg / L or less, and the concentration of fluoride ions was 8 mg / L or less. It was.
  • Example 5 Simulated waste water was treated using the apparatus 1B shown in FIG.
  • a slurry liquid containing 300 mg / L of magnetite particles having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m and manganese magnesium ferrite particles having an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m in total was prepared.
  • this simulated waste water is transferred to the sedimentation separation tank 5 through a pump and the flow rate is adjusted so that the average residence time is 20 minutes, the sedimentation separation is performed. From the lower part of the sedimentation separation tank 5, particles having an average particle diameter of about 35 ⁇ m are obtained.
  • a slurry having a diameter and a slurry having particles having an average particle diameter of about 3 ⁇ m are obtained from the upper part of the sedimentation separation tank 5, and these slurries are respectively transferred to a large particle-containing drainage tank 6 and a small particle-containing drainage tank 7. .
  • the pump P ⁇ b> 2 was started and the slurry in the large particle-containing drainage tank 6 was supplied to the horizontal filter 83 of the solid-liquid separator 8.
  • a polypropylene filter cloth was used for this filter.
  • the slurry was supplied from the small particle-containing drainage tank 7 to the solid-liquid separator 8 to collect the small particles.
  • the solid concentration of the treatment liquid at this time was 2 mg / L.
  • a polypropylene filter cloth was used for this filter.
  • the slurry was passed through to form a precoat layer having a thickness of about 1 mm on the filter 83, and then the slurry was supplied from the small particle-containing drainage tank 7 to the solid-liquid separator 8 to collect small particles.
  • the solid concentration of the treatment liquid at this time was 12 mg / L, which was worse than Example 5.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement d'eau et un dispositif de traitement d'eau aptes à améliorer la qualité d'eau d'une eau usée sans l'utilisation d'agents chimiques. (a) Soit un procédé de séparation par sédimentation soit un procédé de séparation par centrifugation est utilisé pour trier les particules inorganiques contenues dans une eau brute en un premier groupe de particules et un second groupe de particules de telle sorte que le diamètre moyen de particule du premier groupe de particules est supérieur au diamètre moyen de particule du second groupe de particules, et par ce moyen, ladite eau brute est divisée en deux parties, une première eau brute contenant le premier groupe de particules et une seconde eau brute contenant le second groupe de particules. (b) En premier, la première eau brute est adressée à un dispositif de séparation solide-liquide ayant un filtre, et les particules inorganiques du premier groupe de particules sont déposées sur le filtre. (c) Après l'étape (b), la seconde eau brute est adressée au dispositif de séparation solide-liquide et les particules inorganiques du second groupe de particules sont déposées sur le filtre. Par ce moyen, une couche de prérevêtement qui comprend les particules inorganiques des premier et second groupes de particules est formée sur le filtre. (d) La couche de prérevêtement est grattée du filtre et la substance grattée est déchargée du dispositif de séparation solide-liquide.
PCT/JP2013/052703 2012-04-06 2013-02-06 Procédé de traitement d'eau et dispositif de traitement d'eau WO2013150815A1 (fr)

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JP2012087283A JP5492243B2 (ja) 2012-04-06 2012-04-06 水処理方法及び水処理装置

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CN105034430A (zh) * 2015-09-08 2015-11-11 曹小高 全自动夹板挤压式固液分离设备
CN105396685A (zh) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-16 云南磷化集团有限公司 一种选矿磷尾矿干排技术
CN111420800A (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-17 山推建友机械股份有限公司 一种砂石分离机新型自动控制系统及方法
CN114502250A (zh) * 2019-08-13 2022-05-13 滴管公司 用于样品过滤的方法和组合物

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JP6305215B2 (ja) * 2014-05-31 2018-04-04 株式会社東芝 フッ素含有廃水の処理方法及びフッ素含有廃水の処理装置

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JP2000218280A (ja) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-08 Sharp Corp 排水処理方法および排水処理装置
WO2010150790A1 (fr) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-29 メタウォーター株式会社 Procédé de filtration/concentration par aspiration et dispositif de filtration/concentration par aspiration

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JPS57174112A (en) * 1981-04-21 1982-10-26 Toyo Eng Corp Filtering method for suspension of fine metallic particle
JPH0523619A (ja) * 1991-07-19 1993-02-02 Nippon Spindle Mfg Co Ltd 研削液浄化装置
JP2000218280A (ja) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-08 Sharp Corp 排水処理方法および排水処理装置
WO2010150790A1 (fr) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-29 メタウォーター株式会社 Procédé de filtration/concentration par aspiration et dispositif de filtration/concentration par aspiration

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105034430A (zh) * 2015-09-08 2015-11-11 曹小高 全自动夹板挤压式固液分离设备
CN105396685A (zh) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-16 云南磷化集团有限公司 一种选矿磷尾矿干排技术
CN114502250A (zh) * 2019-08-13 2022-05-13 滴管公司 用于样品过滤的方法和组合物
CN114502250B (zh) * 2019-08-13 2023-10-24 滴管公司 用于样品过滤的方法和组合物
CN111420800A (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-17 山推建友机械股份有限公司 一种砂石分离机新型自动控制系统及方法

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