WO2013150636A1 - シリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法及び熱処理装置 - Google Patents
シリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法及び熱処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/324—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering
- H01L21/3247—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering for altering the shape, e.g. smoothing the surface
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/324—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67017—Apparatus for fluid treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/677—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations
- H01L21/67739—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations into and out of processing chamber
- H01L21/67757—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations into and out of processing chamber vertical transfer of a batch of workpieces
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/04—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their crystalline structure, e.g. polycrystalline, cubic or particular orientation of crystalline planes
- H01L29/045—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their crystalline structure, e.g. polycrystalline, cubic or particular orientation of crystalline planes by their particular orientation of crystalline planes
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/02227—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process
- H01L21/0223—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate
- H01L21/02233—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate of the semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor layer
- H01L21/02236—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate of the semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor layer group IV semiconductor
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/02227—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process
- H01L21/02252—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by plasma treatment, e.g. plasma oxidation of the substrate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for planarizing a surface of a silicon wafer for producing a semiconductor device such as an IC or LSI.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Semiconductor Field Field Effect Transistor
- Non-patent Document 2 it has been reported that when a silicon wafer is heat-treated in an Ar atmosphere at 1200 ° C., an ultimate flat surface in which atomic level steps and terrace structures appear can be formed.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a 200 mm ⁇ wafer surface can be flattened in an atomic order without slipline by performing a heat treatment at 850 ° C. in an atmosphere of high purity Ar gas. .
- Patent Document 1 it is described that crystal defects called slip lines are not formed even when a large-diameter silicon wafer such as 200 mm ⁇ is heat-treated at a low temperature of 850 ° C. in an atmosphere of high-purity Ar gas.
- Patent Document 1 it is disclosed in Patent Document 1 whether it is suitable for mass production, whether it can be applied to a silicon wafer having a larger diameter, or even if it can be applied, the yield is high enough to be suitable for mass production. Not proposed.
- Patent Document 1 does not disclose whether or not the formation of crystal defects can be prevented even when a large number of large-diameter silicon wafers are continuously and continuously processed and mass-produced.
- the present invention seeks to achieve mass production in pursuit of problems in mass production of large-diameter silicon wafers with flattened atomic order without slip lines.
- one of the objects of the present invention is that even when the diameter is larger than 200 mm ⁇ , the atomic order flattening process without slipline is performed with good yield, and even if the heat treatment apparatus is used repeatedly, it is equivalent to the initial wafer. It is an object of the present invention to provide an atomic order flattening surface treatment method for a silicon wafer, which can obtain a silicon wafer having the following atomic order surface flatness with high yield.
- Another object of the present invention is to use a higher-purity heat treatment atmosphere gas, and to achieve a high-yield high-yield atomic order planarization surface treatment at a lower temperature and with a smaller amount of gas used for larger diameter wafers. It is an object of the present invention to provide an atomic order planarization surface treatment method for a silicon wafer that can be performed by the above method.
- a gas transport path for introducing a heat treatment atmosphere gas from the outside into the heat treatment space of the silicon wafer of the heat treatment apparatus has a joint with the heat treatment apparatus.
- the double space structure has an inner space communicating with the heat treatment space and an outer space not communicating with the heat treatment space and exhausting the transported gas to the outside.
- Atomic order of silicon wafer characterized in that in the heat treatment process of a silicon wafer, the heat treatment atmosphere gas is caused to flow in the inner space and the heat treatment atmosphere gas or a gas equivalent to the heat treatment atmosphere gas is caused to flow in the outer space.
- a planarized surface treatment method is provided.
- the heat treatment space in which the silicon wafer in the heat treatment apparatus is installed has a water content of 0.2 vol.ppb or less
- an atomic order planarization surface treatment method for a silicon wafer characterized in that heat treatment is performed at a heat treatment temperature of 900 ° C. or lower while introducing a heat treatment atmosphere gas having an oxygen content of 0.1 vol.
- a heat treatment temperature of 900 vol.% While introducing a heat treatment atmosphere gas having a water content of 0.01 vol. Ppb or less and an oxygen content of 0.02 vol. Ppb or less.
- a heat treatment atmosphere gas having a water content of 0.01 vol. Ppb or less and an oxygen content of 0.02 vol. Ppb or less.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a silicon wafer having surface flatness on the order of atoms and having no slip line even if the wafer has a large area of 200 mm ⁇ or more.
- the atomic order is flattened more quickly at a lower temperature and with a smaller amount of gas used for larger diameter wafers.
- Surface treatment can be performed with high yield.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram for enlarging and explaining a portion A shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram for enlarging and explaining a portion B shown in FIG. 3.
- (A) is typical explanatory drawing for expanding and explaining the portion C shown in Drawing 3, and shows the structure currently used by related technology here.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic explanatory diagram for explaining a part C shown in FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner, and shows a structure used in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a photographic diagram showing AFM images of sample surfaces of Examples 1 and 4-1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It is a typical top view showing an example at the time of forming MOSFET on a silicon wafer concerning this embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the source-drain direction of FIG. 8. 3 is a graph showing a temperature profile during heat treatment of Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a photographic diagram showing AFM images of sample surfaces of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 before and after oxidation (before and after treatment).
- Example 6 is a graph showing drain voltage-drain current characteristics of Example 6 and Comparative Example 6. It is a photograph figure which shows the AFM image of the sample surface of Example 4-1. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result (evaluation area: 1 mm x 1 mm) of the cumulative failure rate (Cumulative Failure “%”). It is a figure which shows the evaluation result (evaluation area: 4 mm x 4 mm) of the cumulative failure rate (Cumulative Failure “%”). It is a figure which shows the experimental result which evaluated the influence degree to the planarization process of heat processing temperature and Ar flow volume.
- the silicon wafer that has been subjected to the atomic order flattening surface treatment by the surface treatment method of the present invention has a plurality of terraces formed on the surface in steps of one atomic layer, and has no slip line. .
- the “slip line” means a kind of “crystal defect” that occurs when silicon atoms regularly arranged shift due to high temperature when the silicon wafer is heat-treated. That is, the silicon wafer obtained by the surface treatment method of the present invention has a structure free from crystal defects.
- the state in which a plurality of terraces that are stepped in atomic steps is formed on the surface means a state as shown in FIG.
- the surface of the silicon wafer according to the present embodiment is inclined from the Just (100) plane by an off angle ( ⁇ ).
- the crystal on the substrate surface is the (100) plane, and the off-angle is relative to the (100) plane inclined by 36 ° in the ⁇ 011> direction with respect to the ⁇ 01-1> direction.
- the case where the surface orientation is tilted by 0.06 ° is shown.
- the lattice points of the surface are different.
- the positions where the lattice points on the surface are switched are steps S A and S B.
- the height of this step is 0.13 nm, which is one atomic step on the silicon (100) surface.
- the terrace width varies by several atoms at the atomic level. However, the variation is small on the order of nm, and the influence on the characteristics can be ignored or within an extremely small range even if there is an influence. Therefore, it can be said that the terrace width is substantially the same width. Also, the direction of the step is not a straight line, and there are irregularities of several atoms at the atomic level, but the irregularities are also small in the order of nm, and the influence on the characteristics can be ignored or even within the extremely small range. Accordingly, since the steps are substantially straight and can be regarded as one direction, it can be said that the steps are formed in substantially the same direction. The present inventors have confirmed that the relationship between the terrace width L obtained from the AFM image and the off angle obtained by the X-ray diffraction measurement is in good agreement with the result of the equation (1).
- the number of steps formed on the silicon surface is one atom, and the off-angle is also considered to be substantially the same as an average angle.
- the step direction is simply described as being the same direction, the terrace width being the same width, and the off-angle being the same angle.
- heat treatment is performed in the heat treatment space of the silicon wafer of the heat treatment apparatus.
- a gas transport path for introducing atmospheric gas from the outside has a double space structure separated at a joint with the heat treatment apparatus, and the double space structure has an inner space communicating with the heat treatment space and an outer space.
- the space is structured not to communicate with the heat treatment space but to exhaust the transported gas to the outside, and in the heat treatment process of the silicon wafer, the heat treatment atmosphere gas flows into the inner space and the heat treatment atmosphere gas flows into the outer space.
- the atomic order planarization surface treatment may be performed by flowing a gas equivalent to the heat treatment atmosphere gas.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic explanatory diagram of an example of a heat treatment apparatus preferably used for embodying the present invention.
- a heat treatment apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 3 includes an upper installation table 301 and a lower installation table 302, both of which have a two-layer structure.
- An external tube 303 is installed on the upper installation table 301, and an SiC (silicon carbide) tube 304, an internal tube 305, and a wafer setting table 306 are arranged inside the external tube 303 from the outside of the figure.
- SiC silicon carbide
- the outer tube 303 is made of a highly heat-resistant glassy material such as quartz, and has a cylindrical structure having a double structure provided with a hollow.
- the external tube 303 has a gas inlet 307 and a gas exhaust port 308 as shown in the figure, and the gas flows through the hollow portion 309 having a double structure from the gas inlet 307 toward the gas exhaust port 308. It is like that.
- a heater 310 provided at a desired pitch is attached to the outside of the external tube 303.
- the outer tube 303 is made of quartz so that the inner tube 303 can be easily observed from the outside when the heat treatment is performed for a long time or repeatedly, the metal caused by the heater 310 passes through the outer tube 303 and slightly enters the heat treatment apparatus. However, it invades. In order to prevent this point, an inert gas, for example, Ar gas is flowed into the hollow portion 309 of the outer tube 303 so that the metal does not enter the heat treatment space.
- an inert gas for example, Ar gas is flowed into the hollow portion 309 of the outer tube 303 so that the metal does not enter the heat treatment space.
- the heater wire 310a outside the outer tube 303 continues to generate heat in order to maintain the heat treatment temperature in the heat treatment apparatus, the metal is released from the heater wire 310a to become the floating metal 401, and the floating metal 401 is exposed to the outside. It passes through the outer wall 303a of the tube 303 and enters the inside of the apparatus.
- the released metal is discharged from the apparatus together with the Ar gas through the gas discharge port 308 by the gas flow. , It does not pass through the inner wall 303b of the outer tube 303 and enter the inside of the apparatus.
- the space between the outer tube 303 and the inner tube 305 is maintained at a desired degree of vacuum as needed during heat treatment so that the inner tube 305 can be kept clean.
- a gas flow path 311 for introducing a heat treatment atmosphere gas into the internal tube 305 from the outside is provided outside the internal tube 305.
- the gas flow path 311 communicates with a gas inlet means 312 provided in the upper part of the inner tube 305 and has a gas introduction path 313 for taking in a heat treatment atmosphere gas from the outside on the upstream side.
- the gas inlet means 312 is provided with pores for introducing the introduced gas into the internal tube 305 in accordance with the desired specifications and design.
- the internal tube 305 extends downward to the vicinity of the lower installation table 302 and communicates with a gas exhaust path 314 for exhausting the heat treatment atmosphere gas in the internal tube 305 at an intermediate position between the upper installation table 301 and the lower installation table 302. ing.
- the wafer setting table 306 is provided with a predetermined number of grooves for setting a wafer on the inner side, and has a structure capable of simultaneously performing heat treatment from one to many.
- a predetermined number of dummy wafers 319 are arranged at the upper and lower positions of the wafer to be heat-treated (process wafer 318), and the entire surface of the process wafer 318 is placed. Heat and maintain uniformly. As a result, the entire heat-treated surface of the process wafer 318 is maintained at a uniform and uniform temperature.
- a heat insulation structure 315 is disposed below the wafer setting table 306 in order to make the heat distribution in the space where the wafer setting table 306 is placed uniform.
- the heat insulation structure 315 is preferably a ladder structure made of, for example, quartz. In particular, if it is made of foamed quartz, the shape can be made arbitrarily and the apparent heat capacity can be increased, which is desirable.
- External pipes 316a and 316b are connected to the gas introduction path 313 and the gas exhaust path 314, respectively, as shown.
- FIG. 5 (a) illustrates the method according to the related art, and (b) illustrates the method of the present invention.
- the quartz pipe 501 and the external pipe 316a constituting the gas introduction path 313 are connected so that the heat treatment atmosphere gas can be introduced from the outside into the heat treatment space of the heat treatment apparatus.
- the periphery of the joint portion 500 is surrounded by a pair of purge flanges 502 a and 502 b, and the space between the joint portion 500 and the flange 502 is purged.
- the structure is devised so that the invasion of the atmosphere from the joint portion 500 can be completely prevented by flowing the working gas at a desired relative positive pressure.
- a purge gas is introduced from the pipe 503.
- the same kind of gas as the heat treatment atmosphere gas or the same gas is used.
- FIG. 6A shows a structure according to the related art
- FIG. 6B shows a structure according to the present invention.
- a purge channel 603 is provided inside the mounting flange 602 and the purge gas is allowed to flow at a desired relative positive pressure, thereby preventing the atmosphere from entering the apparatus. Prevent completely.
- argon (Ar) gas which is relatively easily available, is used as a heat treatment atmosphere gas, and heat treatment is performed at a high temperature, for example, around 1200 ° C., with a conventional heat treatment apparatus.
- a sliplineless silicon wafer can be formed.
- a large-area wafer of about 200 mm ⁇ it is possible to obtain sliplineless atomic order flatness over the entire wafer surface in consideration of productivity. The conclusion is that it is practically difficult.
- the purity of commercially available high-purity argon (Ar) gas which is relatively easy to obtain, is of the Grade 1 (G1) class in terms of gas quality standards, and exceeds 99.9999 vol%, and contains oxygen (O 2 ).
- the amount is less than 0.1 vol. Ppm, and the water (H 2 O) content is less than ⁇ 80 ° C. in terms of dew point.
- the first and third aspects of the present invention described above are further developments of this technology, and a slip lineless atomic order flattening process can be produced at a high yield even for large-diameter silicon wafers of 200 mm ⁇ or more. It is an atomic order surface flattening method that can be implemented with good performance and is optimal for mass production.
- the atomic order flattening surface can be performed more quickly at a lower temperature and with a smaller amount of gas used for a larger diameter wafer by using a heat treatment atmosphere gas with higher purity. Processing can be performed with high yield.
- the inner tube 305 used at this time is preferably as purified as possible.
- a gas species that is inert (non-reactive) to the silicon wafer surface is used as the heat treatment atmosphere gas.
- a rare gas such as Ar (argon) or He (helium)
- an inert gas such as N 2 (nitrogen)
- a mixed gas obtained by mixing two or more of these gases desirable.
- Ar (argon) it is desirable to use Ar (argon) in the present invention.
- the temperature during the heat treatment be 900 degrees or less.
- the heat treatment temperature be 900 ° C. or less, even when the silicon wafer has a large diameter of 300 mm ⁇ or more, a wafer having no slip line can be obtained.
- the temperature during the heat treatment is preferably 700 ° C. or higher, more preferably 750 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 800 ° C. or higher. It is desirable to do. That is, the temperature during the heat treatment is preferably in the range of 700 ° C to 900 ° C.
- a silicon wafer in which a plurality of terraces stepped in steps of one atomic layer is formed on the surface and a slip line does not exist deteriorates the current drive capability of the MOSFET when the MOSFET is formed.
- a MOSFET can be formed with good yield.
- the surface of the semiconductor substrate 901 (silicon wafer, silicon substrate) that has been subjected to the above treatment (heat treatment at 900 ° C. or lower) is cleaned by a cleaning method that does not use an alkaline solution.
- a SiO 2 film 902 is formed by a radical oxidation method in which the substrate surface is directly oxidized by oxygen radicals generated by plasma
- a SiO 2 film 903 is formed by a CVD method or the like.
- an activation region in which the MOS transistor is formed is opened by using a photolithography method or the like.
- the direction parallel to the step is the carrier traveling direction so that there is no step in the source-drain direction (so that the step does not cross the carrier traveling direction).
- FIG. 8 illustrates the case where the source and drain are set in a direction inclined by 54 ° in the ⁇ 011> direction with respect to the ⁇ 01-1> direction.
- the SiO 2 film 902 and the SiO 2 film 903 in the opening are removed using the photoresist as a mask material, and the photoresist is removed.
- the openings are formed in a plurality (a large number) of portions where the transistors are to be provided.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 one opening portion and one transistor are shown.
- the exposed semiconductor surface is cleaned by a cleaning method that does not use an alkaline solution, and then a SiO 2 film 904 is formed as a gate insulating film by radical oxidation, and polycrystalline polysilicon is formed as a gate electrode 905.
- the gate insulating film may be formed by radical nitridation, or may be formed by combining radical oxidation and radical nitridation.
- MOSFET is formed by a known MOSFET forming method.
- a MOSFET as shown in FIG. 9 is formed.
- MOSFET MOSFET
- a method for forming the gate insulating film for example, a method of oxidizing a semiconductor substrate isotropically or a method of nitriding may be used.
- element isolation methods between a large number of formed transistors may use STI (Shallow trench Isolation), LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) method, etc., and the active region surface cleaning method, oxide film, nitride film forming method, The film thickness should just be comparable.
- the silicon wafer is formed such that a plurality of terraces stepped on the surface are formed on the surface, and no slip line exists.
- sample 1 a silicon wafer having a diameter of 200 mm ⁇ and a surface of (100) orientation was prepared, and the silicon wafer surface was cleaned by the following procedure. First, the surface of the silicon wafer was washed with O 3 water for 10 minutes, washed with dilute HF (0.5 wt%) for 1 minute, and finally rinsed with ultrapure water for 3 minutes.
- the silicon wafer is placed in the heat treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 3, and the heat treatment temperature is 850 ° C. and the heat treatment time is 180 minutes while flowing Ar at a flow rate of 0.2 ppb or less and O 2 of 0.1 ppb or less at 20 L / min.
- a heat treatment was performed below.
- the silicon wafer was heated from the state of 30 ° C. to 850 ° C. by the temperature sequence shown in FIG. 10, and held at 850 ° C. for 180 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature of the silicon wafer was lowered to 30 ° C. by the temperature sequence shown in FIG. A sample was prepared by the above procedure.
- Example 2 A sample was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the Ar flow rate was 10 L / min and the heat treatment time (holding time) was 540 minutes.
- Example 3 A sample was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the Ar flow rate was 10 L / min and the heat treatment time (holding time) was 270 minutes.
- Example 4-1 A sample was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the Ar flow rate was 10 L / min, the heat treatment temperature was 900 ° C., and the heat treatment time was (holding time) 60 minutes.
- Example 4-2 A sample was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the Ar flow rate was 14 L / min, the heat treatment temperature was 800 ° C., and the heat treatment time was (holding time) 90 minutes.
- Example 1 A sample was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the Ar flow rate was 10 L / min, the heat treatment temperature (holding temperature) was 1100 ° C., and the heat treatment time (holding time) was 60 minutes.
- Example 2 A sample was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the Ar flow rate was 10 L / min, the heat treatment temperature (holding temperature) was 1200 ° C., and the heat treatment time (holding time) was 60 minutes.
- the surface of the sample was observed using AFM (SPI400 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.).
- the off-angle and direction of the sample were measured using an X-ray diffractometer (X'pert Pro manufactured by PANalitycal).
- Example 4-2 an AFM image of Example 4-2 is shown in FIG.
- the AFM images at the top, bottom, left, and right ends are each at a location 5 mm from the edge of the wafer, and the center AFM image is at the center (100 mm from the wafer edge).
- the AFM images between the lower end, the left end, and the right end are each 50 mm from the edge of the wafer.
- Example 5 The sample of Example 1 was subjected to radical oxidation using a microwave-excited plasma apparatus manufactured by Tokyo Electron Ltd. at a temperature of 400 ° C., 133 Pa, and a Kr / O 2 flow rate ratio of 98/2 to form a 6 nm oxide layer. did. Thereafter, the oxide film was removed using a solution in which 36 wt% HCl and 50 wt% HF were mixed in 19/1. Whether or not the oxide film was removed was judged by confirming that it became hydrophobic.
- Example 3 The surface was thermally oxidized by heating the sample for 10 minutes at a temperature of 900 ° C. in an O 2 atmosphere using ⁇ -8 manufactured by Tokyo Electron Co., Ltd. for the sample of Example 1 to form a 6 nm oxide layer. . Thereafter, the oxide film was removed using a solution in which 36 wt% HCl and 50 wt% HF were mixed in 19/1. Whether or not the oxide film was removed was judged by confirming that it became hydrophobic.
- Example 4 The surface of the sample of Example 1 was thermally oxidized using ⁇ -8 manufactured by Tokyo Electron Ltd. in an O 2 atmosphere at 1000 ° C. for 10 minutes to thermally oxidize the surface to form a 17 nm oxide layer. Thereafter, the oxide film was removed using a solution in which 36 wt% HCl and 50 wt% HF were mixed in 19/1. Whether or not the oxide film was removed was judged by confirming that it became hydrophobic.
- Example 5 The sample of Example 1 was washed with a solution of 36 wt% HCl and 50 wt% HF mixed at 19/1 for 1 minute, and then rinsed with ultrapure water for 5 minutes (that is, the surface was not oxidized). ).
- Example 5 was a 1 ⁇ m square.
- MOSFETs as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 were fabricated according to the following procedure, and drain current-drain voltage (I D -V D ) characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 6 (1) Preparation of sample (Example 6) First, the surface of the sample of Example 1 was prepared by T. Ohmi, “Total room temperature wet cleaning Si substrate surface,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 143, No. 9, pp. 2957-2964, Sep. 1996. It was washed by a washing method not using an alkaline solution described in. Next, after a 7 nm SiO 2 film 902 is formed at a temperature of 400 ° C. by a radical oxidation method in which the substrate surface is directly oxidized by oxygen radicals generated by plasma, a 300 nm SiO 2 film 3 is formed by a CVD method. Formed.
- the source diffusion layer 906 and the drain diffusion layer 907 are formed, the interlayer insulating film 908 is formed, the contact holes are opened, the gate extraction electrode 909, the source extraction electrode 910, and the drain extraction electrode 911 are formed by a known method. As a result, a MOSFET as shown in FIG. 9 was completed.
- the MOSFET of Example 6 having a flat interface has a larger drain current than that of Comparative Example 6 at the same gate voltage and drain voltage, and a good MOSFET is formed. I understood that.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of evaluating the cumulative failure rate with the evaluation area set to 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm.
- the horizontal axis is the charge to breakdown Qbd, and the vertical axis is the cumulative failure rate. The more the graph is to the right, the better the performance.
- (a) is when the heat treatment temperature is set to 1100 ° C. and the surface is flattened at the atomic level
- (b) is when the heat treatment temperature is set to 800 ° C. and the surface is flattened at the atomic level
- (C) is a case where no leveling treatment is performed at the atomic level
- (d) is a case where the surface roughness is increased by APM after the leveling treatment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram similarly showing the result of evaluating the cumulative failure rate by setting the evaluation area to 4 mm ⁇ 4 mm.
- (a) is the case where the heat treatment temperature is set to 1100 ° C. and the surface is flattened at the atomic level
- (b) is the heat treatment temperature is set to 800 ° C. and the surface is flattened to the atomic level
- (C) shows a case in which a process for flattening to the atomic level is not performed, and a measurement result obtained by forming a MOS diode by forming a 5.8 nm oxide film on each sample by a radical oxidation method is shown.
- Example 7 Each sample was prepared by changing the heat treatment temperature and the flow rate of Ar, which is a heat treatment atmosphere gas, from a silicon wafer having a (100) orientation on the surface, and the degree of influence of the heat treatment temperature and the Ar flow rate on the planarization treatment was examined. The presence / absence of the slip line was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The specific procedure is as follows.
- the surface of the silicon wafer was washed with O 3 (ozone) water for 10 minutes, washed with diluted HF (0.5 wt%) for 1 minute, and finally rinsed with ultrapure water for 3 minutes.
- the silicon wafer was placed in the heat treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 3, and heat treatment was performed at a predetermined heat treatment temperature for 180 minutes while flowing Ar having a purity of moisture of 0.02 ppb or less and O 2 of 0.01 ppb or less.
- Ar was used as a gas used for preventing air from entering the atmosphere, and the gas was continuously flowed at a pressure slightly higher than the pressure in the internal tube 305.
- the temperature of the silicon wafer is first raised from 30 ° C. to the heat treatment maintaining temperature (850 ° C. in FIG. 10) in a temperature sequence equivalent to the temperature sequence pattern shown in FIG. Retained. Thereafter, the temperature of the silicon wafer was lowered to 30 ° C. in a temperature sequence equivalent to the temperature sequence pattern shown in FIG. A sample was prepared by the above procedure.
- the flattening speed is higher when the heat treatment temperature is higher at the same Ar flow rate. If the heat treatment temperature is the same, the larger the Ar flow rate, the faster the flattening treatment speed.
- the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to all structures using a silicon wafer having a flat surface. .
Abstract
Description
L=0.13/tanθ (nm) …(1)
L:テラス幅、θ:(100)面からのオフ角
表面が(100)配向のシリコンウェーハを種々の熱処理温度で加熱した試料を作成し、スリップラインの有無を評価した。具体的な手順は以下の通りである。
(実施例1)
まず、口径200mmφ、表面が(100)配向のシリコンウェーハを用意し、以下の手順でシリコンウェーハ表面の洗浄を行った。まず、O3水を用いてシリコンウェーハ表面を10分間洗浄し、希HF(0.5wt%)を用いて1分間洗浄し、最後に、超純水リンスを3分行った。
Ar流量を10L/min、熱処理時間(保持時間)を540分としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の条件で試料を作製した。
Ar流量を10L/minとし、熱処理時間(保持時間)を270分としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の条件で試料を作製した。
Ar流量を10L/min、熱処理温度を900℃、熱処理時間を(保持時間)60分としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の条件で試料を作製した。
Ar流量を14L/minとし、熱処理温度を800℃とし、熱処理時間を(保持時間)90分としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の条件で試料を作製した。
Ar流量を10L/min、熱処理温度(保持温度)を1100℃、熱処理時間(保持時間)を60分としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の条件で試料を作製した。
Ar流量を10L/min、熱処理温度(保持温度)を1200℃、熱処理時間(保持時間)を60分としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の条件で試料を作製した。
X線トポグラフィー(X-ray diffraction topography)を用いて、作製した試料のスリップラインの有無を評価した。なお、評価には理学電機社製RU-300を用い、透過X線のトポグラフより、スリップラインの有無を評価した。
また、実施例1、4-1、比較例1、2のAFM像を図7に示す。
得られた試料の表面に種々の処理を施し、平坦面の形状を評価した。具体的な手順は以下の通りである。
(実施例5)
実施例1の試料に対して東京エレクトロン社製マイクロ波励起プラズマ装置を用いて温度400℃、133Pa、Kr/O2の流量比98/2の条件にてラジカル酸化を行い、6nmの酸化層を形成した。その後に36wt%HClと50wt%HFを19/1で混合した溶液を用いて酸化膜を除去した。なお、酸化膜が除去されたかどうかは疎水性になったことを確認することにより判断した。
実施例1の試料に対して東京エレクトロン社製α-8を用いてO2雰囲気下で、温度900℃で10分間、試料を加熱することにより表面を熱酸化し、6nmの酸化層を形成した。その後に36wt%HClと50wt%HFを19/1で混合した溶液を用いて酸化膜を除去した。なお、酸化膜が除去されたかどうかは疎水性になったことを確認することにより判断した。
実施例1の試料に対して東京エレクトロン社製α-8を用いてO2雰囲気下で、1000℃で10分間、試料を加熱することにより表面を熱酸化し、17nmの酸化層を形成した。その後に36wt%HClと50wt%HFを19/1で混合した溶液を用いて酸化膜を除去した。なお、酸化膜が除去されたかどうかは疎水性になったことを確認することにより判断した。
実施例1の試料に対して36wt%HClと50wt%HFを19/1で混合した溶液で1分洗浄を行い、その後に超純水リンスを5分間行った(即ち、表面を酸化しなかった)。
次に、実施例5および比較例3~5の酸化前後(比較例5は洗浄前後)の表面形状をAFMで観察した。結果を図11に示す。なお、図11のAFM像は1μm角である。
以下に示す手順で図8および図9に示すようなMOSFETを作製し、ドレイン電流-ドレイン電圧(ID-VD)特性を評価した。
(実施例6)
まず、実施例1の試料の表面を、T. Ohmi, "Total room temperature wet cleaning Si substrate surface,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 143, No. 9, pp.2957-2964, Sep. 1996.に記載されたアルカリ溶液を用いない洗浄法によって洗浄した。次に、プラズマによって発生させた酸素ラジカルによって基板表面を直接酸化するラジカル酸化法により、温度400℃の条件にて7nmのSiO2膜902を形成したのち、CVD法によって300nmのSiO2膜3を形成した。
平坦化処理を行わず、Ra=0.06nmとしたほかは実施例5と同様の条件でMOSFETを作製した。
作製した試料に-3V~3Vの範囲で0.5V単位でドレイン電圧を印加し、ドレイン電流を測定した。結果を図12に示す。
図14は、評価面積 を1mm× 1mmに設定して、累積故障率の評価を行った結果を示す図である。横軸は、破壊までに流れる電荷量(charges to breakdown)Qbdであり、縦軸は累積故障率である。グラフが右寄りにあるほど、性能が良いことになる。
表面が(100)配向のシリコンウェーハを熱処理温度及び熱処理雰囲気ガスであるArの流量を種々に変えて各試料を作成し、熱処理温度とAr流量の平坦化処理への影響度合いを調べた。スリップラインの有無の評価は、実施例1と同様にして行った。具体的な手順は以下の通りである。
まず、口径300mmφ、表面が(100)配向のシリコンウェーハを用意し、以下の手順でシリコンウェーハ表面の洗浄を行った。
試料1(△) 850 14
試料2(○) 860 14
試料3(◇) 875 14
試料4(□) 900 14
試料5(黒三角) 850 28
Claims (7)
- 熱処理装置のシリコンウェーハの熱処理空間に熱処理雰囲気ガスを外部から導入するためのガス輸送路が前記熱処理装置との継部において分離された二重空間構造を有し、該二重空間構造は、内空間が前記熱処理空間に連通し、外空間は前記熱処理空間には連通しておらず輸送されるガスを外部に排気する構造であり、シリコンウェーハの熱処理過程において、前記内空間に前記熱処理雰囲気ガスを流し前記外空間に前記熱処理雰囲気ガス若しくは前記熱処理雰囲気ガス同等のガスを流すことを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法
- 表面熱処理によるシリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法において、熱処理装置内のシリコンウェーハが設置された熱処理空間に、水分含有量0.2vol.ppb以下、酸素含有量0.1vol.ppb以下の純度の熱処理雰囲気ガスを導入しつつ熱処理温度900℃以下で熱処理することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法。
- 表面熱処理によるシリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法において、熱処理装置内のシリコンウェーハが設置された熱処理空間に、水分含有量0.02vol.ppb以下、酸素含有量0.01vol.ppb以下の純度の熱処理雰囲気ガスを導入しつつ熱処理温度900℃以下で熱処理することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法。
- 請求項1において、更に、シリコンウェーハが設置された前記熱処理空間に、水分含有量0.2vol.ppb以下、酸素含有量0.1vol.ppb以下の純度の熱処理雰囲気ガスを導入しつつ熱処理温度900℃以下で熱処理することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの原子オーダー平坦化表面処理方法。
- 内側に熱処理空間を規定し、且つ、二重構造の外在チューブと、当該外在チューブの外側に設けられたヒータと、前記熱処理空間内に設けられ、不活性ガスを導入、排出する内在チューブと、前記内在チューブの内側に配置されたウェーハセッテング台とを有し、
前記外在チューブは、前記二重構造内部に規定されるガス流通路を備え、
前記内在チューブの前記不活性ガスを導入、排出する部分は、前記不活性ガスの導入、排出用フランジと、当該不活性ガス導入、排出用フランジの内側に、不活性ガスを導くパイプを備えていることを特徴とする熱処理装置。 - 請求項5において、前記外在チューブの前記ガス流通路には、不活性ガスが流されることを特徴とする熱処理装置。
- 請求項5又は6において、更に、前記内在チューブはOリングを介して、取り付けられており、前記Oリングには、前記熱処理空間の外側から、不活性ガスが供給されていることを特徴とする熱処理装置。
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WO2010018654A1 (ja) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 縦型熱処理装置及び熱処理方法 |
WO2011096417A1 (ja) | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-11 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | シリコンウェーハおよび半導体装置 |
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2012
- 2012-04-05 CN CN2012800009293A patent/CN103443910A/zh active Pending
- 2012-04-05 EP EP12742771.4A patent/EP2835820A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-05 WO PCT/JP2012/059374 patent/WO2013150636A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-04-05 KR KR20127021730A patent/KR20150003416A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2007516586A (ja) * | 2003-12-03 | 2007-06-21 | エス.オー.アイ.テック、シリコン、オン、インシュレター、テクノロジーズ | ウェハの表面粗さを改善する方法 |
WO2010018654A1 (ja) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 縦型熱処理装置及び熱処理方法 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017126746A (ja) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-20 | ソイテックSoitec | 構造の表面を平滑化するためのプロセス |
KR20170085443A (ko) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-24 | 소이텍 | 구조의 표면을 평활화하는 프로세스 |
KR102583420B1 (ko) | 2016-01-14 | 2023-10-04 | 소이텍 | 구조의 표면을 평활화하는 프로세스 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103443910A (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
EP2835820A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
KR20150003416A (ko) | 2015-01-09 |
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