WO2013150168A1 - Proceso de montaje de tanques y dispositivos para realizarlo - Google Patents
Proceso de montaje de tanques y dispositivos para realizarlo Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013150168A1 WO2013150168A1 PCT/ES2013/070219 ES2013070219W WO2013150168A1 WO 2013150168 A1 WO2013150168 A1 WO 2013150168A1 ES 2013070219 W ES2013070219 W ES 2013070219W WO 2013150168 A1 WO2013150168 A1 WO 2013150168A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- tank
- ferrule
- ferrules
- sheet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
- E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
- E04H7/04—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal
- E04H7/06—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal with vertical axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
- B23K37/0211—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
- B23K37/0217—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member being fixed to the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
- B23K37/0211—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
- B23K37/0229—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member being situated alongside the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/38—Foundations for large tanks, e.g. oil tanks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D35/00—Straightening, lifting, or lowering of foundation structures or of constructions erected on foundations
- E02D35/005—Lowering or lifting of foundation structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
- E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
- E04H7/04—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
- E04H7/22—Containers for fluent solids, e.g. silos, bunkers; Supports therefor
- E04H7/24—Constructions, with or without perforated walls, depending on the use of specified materials
- E04H7/30—Constructions, with or without perforated walls, depending on the use of specified materials mainly of metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M13/00—Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles; Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/12—Vessels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process of construction of large cylindrical structures, of the type known as "Process that begins assembly by the upper structure", which employs a sheet metal forming device for ferrules, preferably metal type, which allows to obtain a continuous sheet of any length by concatenating plates of shorter length, support base devices that facilitate the arrangement and molding of the ferrules, and internal and external mobile horizontal welding booths that allow welding operations efficiently.
- a sheet metal forming device for ferrules preferably metal type, which allows to obtain a continuous sheet of any length by concatenating plates of shorter length, support base devices that facilitate the arrangement and molding of the ferrules, and internal and external mobile horizontal welding booths that allow welding operations efficiently.
- the traditional construction system starting at the base of the tank and mounting the walls with welded ferrules, starting with the bottom ferrule welded to the base and culminating with the construction of the roof and then attaching all the accessories (stairs, pipes , complements of telemeasurement and control, etc), it brings with it many inconveniences, most related to the prevailing high-altitude winds, which hinder the work of the operators, the alignment of the pieces, the leveling of the structure, the quality of welding and finishing in general, among other factors.
- the main problem presented by the traditional Tank Construction Process is the aspect of worker safety. Work at height requires that operators use safety harnesses, although they also work under the constant threat of accidental fall of tools and parts from the top of the construction.
- the assembly of the individual sheets requires sufficient space around the structure under construction, both for the deployment of materials and for the displacement of machinery of various sizes, a space that must be properly conditioned to withstand the continuous displacement of Heavy machinery
- Patents such as Spanish ES 455.737 disclose ways of counteracting these inconveniences by constructing the tank wall with a sheet in the form of a continuous belt that curves at the construction site and is automatically welded helically, for which the entire structure is supported on rollers that make it spin as it rises.
- the use of continuous sheets in coils lacks flexibility, since the resulting tanks must necessarily be constructed with sheets of the thickness and characteristics of the coils available in the market, which is often scarce or obliges the importation of raw material, with the inconveniences in costs and times that this demands.
- these Processes make it impossible to build large tanks that require the competition of internal columns to support the weight of the roof structure, since they require the entire structure under construction to turn constantly.
- the present invention claims a novel system of construction of preferably cylindrical metal structures that avoids all the inconveniences described above and considerably reduces the construction time, by using of innovative devices such as hydraulic jacks, support bases, mobile horizontal welding booths, sheet metal shapers for ferrule, among others.
- Figures i and 2 illustrate an exploded view of the components of a tank constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 3 schematizes a preferred distribution of the main components of the Assembly Process of the present invention from a top view.
- Figure 4 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of a support base device of the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows a front view of a preferred embodiment of a support base device of the present invention.
- Figure 6 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of a support base device of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 presents a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a ferrule guide device of the support base device of the present invention.
- Figure 8 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth of the present invention.
- Figure 9 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth of the present invention.
- Figure 10 shows a front view of a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth of the present invention.
- Figure 11 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth of the present invention.
- Figure 12 shows a rear view of a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth of the present invention.
- Figure 13 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth of the present invention.
- Figure 14 shows a front view of a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth of the present invention.
- Figure 15 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of a ferrule sheet former of the present invention.
- Figure 16 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of a ferrule sheet former of the present invention.
- Figure 17 shows a rear view of a preferred embodiment of a ferrule sheet former of the present invention.
- Figure 18 illustrates a previous perspective view of the folding device that allows one of the steps of the Process of the present invention to be carried out.
- Figure 19 shows a rear view of the folding device of Figure 18.
- Figure 20 illustrates a perspective view of the amount of the hydraulic folding device of Figure 18
- Figure 21 is a perspective view of the extensible means preferably a hydraulic piston used in the folding device of Figure 18;
- Figure 22 is a perspective view of the removable nail-holder of the folding device of Figure 18;
- Figure 23 is a detail of an ear applied to the base in order to allow the column of the folding device of the present invention illustrated in Figure 18 to rotate.
- Figure 24 shows a front perspective view of the top drawer of the folding device of Figures 18 and 19.
- Figure 25 shows a rear perspective view of the top drawer of the folding device of Figures 18 and 19.
- Figure 26 shows a front perspective view of the bottom drawer of the folding device of Figures 18 and 19.
- Figure 27 shows a rear perspective view of the bottom drawer of the folding device of Figures 18 and 19.
- Figure 28 shows the ferrule spacing device preferably used in the alignment stage of the Process of the present invention.
- Figure 29 is a view of an auxiliary device for removing removable appendages applicable in the Process of the present invention.
- Figure 30 shows a bottom perspective view of one of the symmetrical parts that make up the removable support flange of the folding device of the present invention.
- the process of construction of tanks, object of the present invention is of the type called "method that begins with the upper structure" in which the tank is formed by ferrules that are welded together, raising each of them after welding to the upper ferrule, where the step of welding together the sheets that make up the ferrules is carried out in a fixed cabin of vertical alignment and welding of plates where they are aligned vertically by at least two vertical horizontal advance presses and welded by robots that advance on vertical rails calibrated on both sides of said presses, to form at least one sheet tape, this step being simultaneous to the horizontal welding step between upper ferrules to which it is formed.
- said tank construction process comprises the following steps: 2.1. prepare the tank base and build the tank floor;
- next ferrule by means of sheet tapes assembled in said fixed alignment booths and vertical welding of plates at the same time as the operations described on the previous ferrule are carried out, and arranging said next ferrule externally concentrically with said anterior ferrule, on said base support devices on the outer circle;
- each support base device 100 comprises at least two ferrule guide devices 110, one on the inner circle that defines the final size of the tank to be constructed and the other on the outer circle that receives the next ferrule while performing the steps of welding, termination and elevation of the anterior ferrules.
- said sheet shaper for ferrules comprises a base, adjustable height legs, sheet guide rollers and at least one fixed alignment and vertical welding of plates; and where said base is a double iron profile of length greater than the length of each sheet that make up the ferrule, and said legs of adjustable height are placed in pairs, one on each side of the base, and are chosen from the group comprised of hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical pistons.
- said plate guide rollers of said ferrule sheet former are arranged on said base in a horizontal position and perpendicular to the main axis of the base, and in vertical position on both sides of said base, from pairs separated by a greater distance that the width of the sheets that make up the ferrule and at different heights to allow the displacement of the sheets arranged vertically.
- said fixed alignment and vertical welding of sheets of said sheet metal forming for ferrules is a closed and heated box, with sufficient space to house at least one operator and at least one welding equipment, with openings on two opposite sides, through which said base crosses and the plates mounted on it, comprising:
- a double system of vertical presses selected from the group comprising hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical presses, positioned in such a way that each of said presses imprison a sheet, keeping the sheets to be welded aligned at an optimum distance for welding between them;
- accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control, sheet positioning control, remote control systems, monitoring systems, interior steps;
- Optional coatings for walls and ceiling chosen from the group comprising thermal insulators and acoustic insulators.
- each of said support base devices comprises a support body, at least one leveling element, rails and at least two ferrule guide devices.
- said support body of said support base device is a double te iron profile
- said leveling elements are chosen from the group comprised of hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical pistons and said rails are welded on top of said bases in annular form , and allow the movement of mobile horizontal welding booths on them.
- said ferrule guide devices are made up of:
- a reinforced sheet structure of suitable geometry to fit in said base so as to use it as a slide, presenting a flat horizontal upper face; 10.2. at least two horizontal rollers arranged on the flat upper face of said reinforced sheet structure, which allow the displacement of the ferrules;
- horizontal welding of the ferrules is carried out by means of mobile external and internal horizontal welding cabins that move on said rails.
- said external horizontal welding mobile booths comprise:
- a closed and heated box with enough space to house at least one operator and welding equipment and at least one window to allow the welding equipment to approach the ferrules to be welded, and adequate geometry to move circularly around the periphery of the tank between two parallel ferrules located in the inner circle and in the outer circle;
- At least one calibrated horizontal rail located at a height such that it allows the movement of at least one welding robot to carry out horizontal sewing between ferrules;
- accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control, control of sheet positioning, remote control systems, monitoring systems, interior steps;
- Optional coatings for walls and ceiling chosen from the group comprising thermal insulators and acoustic insulators.
- a closed and heated box with enough space to house at least one operator and welding equipment and at least one window to allow the welding equipment to approach the ferrules to be welded, and adequate geometry to move circularly around the circumference inside of the tank;
- At least one calibrated horizontal rail located at a height such that it allows the movement of at least one welding robot to carry out horizontal sewing between ferrules;
- At least one motor for the movement of the welding cabin, with at least one driving wheel;
- accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control, sheet positioning control, remote control systems, monitoring systems, interior steps;
- Optional coatings for walls and ceiling chosen from the group comprising thermal insulators and acoustic insulators.
- the portion of the present invention comprises the movement of the ferrules by means of a pull winch and a steel cord that is attached to the ferrules by means of a metal plate welded at one end of the ferrule.
- a central mast is erected, which can be used as a guide during the lifting operations of said inner ferrules-roof-sections of internal columns and which acts as a central column once the construction of the tank is finished.
- the process of the invention preferably contemplates that the vertical welding step between the ends of the sheets forming the ferrules are carried out outside the periphery of the tank, that is to say in the outer circle or in a line tangent thereto. , with the exception of the last vertical welding.
- Another object of the present invention is a sheet metal forming machine, characterized in that it comprises a base, adjustable height legs, sheet guide rollers and at least one fixed alignment and vertical welding plate, where said base is a profile of double iron of length greater than the length of each sheet that make up the ferrule, and said legs of adjustable height are placed in pairs, one on each side of the base, and are chosen from the group comprised of hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical pistons .
- said rollers for sheet guide are arranged on said base horizontally and perpendicular to the main axis of the base, and in vertical position on both sides of said base, from pairs separated by a distance greater than the width of the plates which make up the ferrule and at different heights to allow the displacement of the plates arranged vertically.
- Another object of the present invention is a fixed alignment and vertical welding plate cabin comprising a closed and heated box, with sufficient space to house at least one operator and at least one welding equipment, with openings on two opposite sides, through which said base crosses and the plates mounted on it, comprising:
- At least two vertical presses selected from the group comprising hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical presses, positioned such that each of said presses imprisons a sheet, keeping the sheets to be welded aligned at an optimum distance for welding between them; 20.2. vertical rails calibrated on both sides of said presses, located in such a way as to allow them to be moved by two welding robots;
- accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control, sheet positioning control, remote control systems, monitoring systems, interior steps;
- Optional coatings for walls and ceiling chosen from the group comprising thermal insulators and acoustic insulators.
- FIG. 1 Another object of the present invention is a support base device comprising a support body, at least one leveling element, rails and at least two ferrule guide devices.
- said support body is a double tee iron profile
- said leveling elements are chosen from the group comprised of hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical pistons.
- said rails are welded on top of said bases in annular form, and allow the movement of horizontal horizontal welding booths on them.
- these ferrule guide devices comprise:
- Another object of the present invention are the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths that move on rails and comprise:
- a closed and heated box with enough space to house at least one operator and welding equipment and at least one window to allow the welding equipment to approach the ferrules to be welded, and adequate geometry to move circularly around the periphery of the tank between two parallel ferrules;
- At least one calibrated horizontal rail located at a height such that it allows the movement of at least one welding robot to carry out horizontal sewing between ferrules;
- accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control, sheet positioning control, remote control systems, monitoring systems, interior steps;
- Optional coatings for walls and ceiling chosen from the group comprising thermal insulators and acoustic insulators.
- Another object of the present invention are the internal horizontal welding mobile booths that move on rails and on wheels and comprise:
- 26.1 a closed and heated box, with enough space to house at least one operator and welding equipment and at least one window to allow the welding equipment to approach the ferrules to be welded, and adequate geometry to move circularly around the circumference inside of the tank; 26.2. at least one calibrated horizontal rail, located at a height such that it allows the movement of at least one welding robot to carry out horizontal sewing between ferrules;
- accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control, sheet positioning control, remote control systems, monitoring systems, interior steps;
- Optional coatings for walls and ceiling chosen from the group comprising thermal insulators and acoustic insulators.
- a typical tank like those constructed with the Process of the present invention is seen in Figures 1 and 2, but not limited to this type, which comprises a metal roof 1, a metal wall and a metal floor 2 built on a basement of concrete 6 generally elevated above floor level.
- the metal roof 1 rests on a structure of metal beams, which in turn can be supported by columns metallic distributed inside the tank.
- the metal wall of the tank is formed by ferrules or metal sheet rings 3, 4, 5 welded on each other.
- Each ferrule, for example the 3 in turn is formed by curved rectangular metal sheets 7 which are welded one after the other to form a ring.
- ferrule one or “first ferrule” will be called ferrule 3 located in the upper part of the tank, attached to the roof 1, "ferrule two” or “second ferrule” to ferrule 4 welded to the first , and so on until the "last ferrule” or “bottom ferrule”, name that refers to ferrule 5 located at the bottom of the tank wall, attached to floor 2.
- a typical tank like those built with the Process of the present invention, but not limited to this type, it has several accessory structures, such as railings on the periphery of the roof, stairs in the walls, pipes, inspection gates, measurement and control systems, auxiliary service systems, etc., structures all of them habitual in this type of constructions and with own characteristics according to the use that will be given to the tank.
- the floor of the tank 2 is constructed, providing plates of the appropriate thickness to the destination and dimensions thereof, welding the plates by their edges and cutting the peripheral plates to achieve the desired shape of the base of the tank.
- An alternative of the present invention is the construction of a tank without the presence of a mast or any column.
- FIG. 8 Another preferred alternative of the present invention is the assembly of a central mast.
- the central mast 8 of the tank is placed.
- the constituent parts of the central mast 8 are carefully joined on the floor, so that the central mast 8 is raised as a single piece and subsequently serves as a guide for the displacement of the roof 1 during the process of lifting the structure.
- support base devices 100 are placed, in a circular shape with the mast 8 as center, equidistant from each other, and in a number proportional to the final weight of the tank. The structure of the tank under construction will settle on these devices.
- Figure 3 illustrates a preferred distribution of the support base devices 100 around a central mast 8.
- the support base devices 100 not only serve as a support for the structure of the tank under construction, but also allow curling of the ferrules on site and without relying on extra devices, provide a safe escape route for personnel, relieve pressure of the winds on the structure, and they serve as support and guide of the mobile horizontal welding booths, all this without the need to perform desoldering operations on the tank when removing them.
- said support devices 100 can be welded to the base of the tank 2 under construction.
- a preferred embodiment of the support base devices 100 is illustrated in Figures 4 to 6, each of which consists of a support body 101, jointly and severally linked to at least two rails 109 for the movement of mobile horizontal welding booths, furthermore said base support devices comprise at least one leveling element 102 and at least two guide devices of ferrules 110.
- the support body 101 is supported by one end on the floor of the tank 2, while at the opposite end of the support body 101, on the outer side of the tank, a leveling element 102 is located, linked to the support device.
- said leveling element 102 is located, linked to the support device by means of a solid metal shaft 106 welded to the support body 101 which is inserted into a metal tube 107 welded to the leveling element 102 Said leveling element 102 rests on the ground, and can optionally be anchored thereto by various means, such as bolts, welding, etc.
- a supplement 10 consisting of a piece of sheet of the same thickness as the floor 2 of the tank is placed at the edge of the basement 6, to extend the support surface of the support body 101.
- the support body 101 is capable of being held in position on the desired surface, such as the floor 2 of a tank under construction, without the need for welds, brackets or other attachments.
- the invention provides for the possibility of a pair of welding points to facilitate positioning.
- This support body 101 not only serves as a base and support for the structure under construction, but also serves as a base and support for the guide devices of ferrules 110 and anchors for the rails 109 on which the mobile cabins of horizontal welding, also allowing the use of free space as an escape route or for the transfer of material, tools and personnel between the exterior and the interior of the structure under construction.
- the support body 101 comprises a double te profile, and in the second embodiment, it comprises an extensible beam.
- the leveling element 102 in a first preferred embodiment comprises an adjustable height support 103 linkable to one of the ends of the support body 101, so as to provide stability and support to the assembly when part of the support body 101 is suspended in the air, as in the case of the construction of tanks in which the base of the same one is in a level superior to the rest of the land.
- the height adjustable support 103 is chosen from the group comprised of helical shaft jacks, hydraulic pistons, pneumatic lifting systems and mechanical height adjustment systems.
- the leveling element comprises a helical shaft jack welded to a column or metal drawer 104 integral with a sheet base capable of anchoring, screwing or welding to the floor.
- the guide devices of ferrules 110 are composed of a reinforced sheet structure, such that it adapts to the geometry of the support body 101 and allows its sliding along it, thus allowing its location to be regulated in place. desired on said support body 101. Attached to said reinforced sheet structure are rollers in horizontal position 111 and interchangeable rollers in vertical position 112, which allow controlled displacement of the ferrules. Also, each ferrule guide device has at least one interchangeable sheave 113 to guide the pull cable used to move the ferrules. In a preferred embodiment, illustrated in FIG.
- said reinforced sheet structure of the ferrule guide device 110 is composed of a horizontal sheet folded in two of its opposite edges 114, which in the form of clamps wrap the upper face of a profile double te acting as a support body, to which horizontal extension plates 115 and vertical folded plates of structural reinforcement 116 are welded at both folded ends.
- Said horizontal extension plates 115 have perforations through which the axes of individual rollers pass vertical 112 or sheaves 113, located in a position such that they allow the sliding of a sheet 7 placed vertically between them.
- Said vertical rollers 112 and said sheaves 113 are interchangeable, allowing various configurations thereof to be implemented, and in a preferred embodiment three vertical rollers 112 and one sheave 113 are arranged in each guide device of ferrules 110.
- Said folded vertical reinforcing plates 116 they have two horizontal rollers 111, located in such a position that they allow the sliding of a sheet 7 placed vertically on them.
- the height of the support base devices 100 is at least 400 mm, allowing the free passage of the operators below the structure of the tank under construction and the rails 109, in particular by using an accessory designed for that purpose.
- This applicable accessory thanks to the structure of the present invention, which we will call interpared transport device 9, has been formed by pairs of rails positioned on the floor and that join the interior with the exterior of the container or piece under construction, on which They move laminar bodies as stretchers to support the back of an operator with wheels capable of rolling on said rails, thus allowing the container to be easily and quickly traversed from the inside outwards and vice versa.
- Said interpared transport device 9 by means of which the operators can slide comfortably to enter or exit the container quickly and efficiently, makes it possible to dispense with any other escape door, avoiding the final work of welding plates on the gaps that are normally left. on the wall of the structure under construction to enter the container under construction.
- the interpared transport devices 9 constitute a system that facilitates the movement of people and objects between the interior and exterior of the tank under construction, providing a rapid means of escape and also avoiding safety problems, such as the risk of sparks that could be generated. occur when heavy metal objects are dragged along the tank floor or the risk of crushing staff members.
- An object of the present invention are said interpared transport devices 9 are metal stretchers that move on metal rails temporarily welded to the tank floor and which comprise bearings jointly linked to said stretchers whose rotation axes are located at an angle of between 10 or and 50 0 sexagesimal with respect to the horizontal. Preferably between 20 0 and 45 o .
- said bearings are bearings and said rails are U profiles also inclined to receive bearings that move within the U; or said bearings have concave outer surface that allow them to fit on a cylindrical metal rail (tube).
- said interpared transport devices 9 are mounted on the periphery of the tank floor 2 and between the support base devices 100, in a number suitable to the transportation needs of personnel, tools and materials .
- the amount of interpared transport devices 9 to be used will depend on factors such as the number of operators working simultaneously inside the structure under construction, the number of sectors for loading and unloading raw materials and tools, the space around of the structure under construction, etc.
- the ferrule guide devices 110 are fixed in a suitable position on the support bodies 101 of each support base device 100.
- each support base device 100 a ferrule guide device 110 is located on the periphery of the tank, near the inner end on the support body 101, in a position such that a ferrule that slides thereon is in the right place to be welded to the structure of the tank under construction.
- At least one ferrule guide device 110 is located at the outer end on the support body 101 of each support base device 100, at a distance from the inner ferrule guide device 110 such that it allows to locate a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 300 between both ferrule guide devices 110.
- at least two circular spaces demarcated by the location of said ferrule guide devices 110 are fixed: an inner circle that constitutes the space that the tank will occupy , and an outer circle in which the ferrule is located under construction, before moving on to the inner circle to be welded as part of the tank under construction. This saves a lot of time, since while a ferrule is welded in said inner circle, the following ferrule can be shaped simultaneously.
- Said inner circle is defined by the vertical axis rollers 112 that are positioned in what will be the inner face of the tank wall.
- This is an essential characteristic of the innovation, since the definitive position of the tank will be given by the location of said vertical rollers 112 that will be in contact with the inner face of the wall of the ferrules, positioned in said inner circle. This allows full control of the shape and positioning of the tank under construction.
- the final position of the tank only depends on the location of the inner vertical rollers 112 of the ferrule guide devices 110 that make up said inner circle.
- each support base device 100 at least two ferrule guide devices 110 are located, one on the inner circle that defines the final size of the tank to be constructed and the other on the outer circle that receives the next ferrule while perform the welding, finishing and lifting steps of the previous ferrules.
- Annular rails 109 are then welded on the upper horizontal face of the support bodies 101 of each support base device 100, joining them together. Said rails 109 allow the movement of mobile horizontal welding booths following the periphery of the structure under construction, while providing structural rigidity to the set of support base devices 100.
- said rails 109 are formed by sheet tapes welded upright to said support bodies 101 of each support base device 100.
- annular rails 109 are placed on the outer side of the tank under construction, between two ferrule guide device 110, for the movement of the external mobile horizontal welding horizontal booths 200, and an annular rail 109 in the inner side of the tank under construction, for the displacement of the internal horizontal mobile horizontal welding booths 300.
- Figure 4 shows a preferred distribution of the components of said support base device 100.
- At least one sheet shaper for ferrules 400 is located tangentially to the periphery of the tank.
- the sheet metal shaper 400 is a device that allows to concatenate individual sheets arranged in an upright position, in order to obtain a continuous sheet tape of the length necessary to form a ferrule of the tank under construction, aligning the edges of two consecutive sheets in a fast manner. and precise, to allow the use of a welding robot, which guarantees optimum termination and Substantial decrease in the time required to carry out welding sewing, while ensuring optimum safety conditions for operators, the highest quality of termination and providing protection against climatic factors in order to allow continuity of operations under adverse conditions.
- a preferred embodiment of the sheet metal shaper 400 is illustrated in Figures 15, 16 and 17, where for reasons of clarity and generality the fixed alignment and vertical welding plate 402 cabin is not shown.
- the sheet shaper for ferrules 400 is composed of a base 401, at least one alignment and vertical welding cabin of plates 402, height-adjustable legs 403 and rollers for guide of vertical and 404 plates 405 and horizontal.
- the base 401 of said ferrule plate shaper 400 is a double tee iron profile of length at least equal to the length of one of the individual plates that are concatenated to form each ferrule.
- said height-adjustable legs 403 of said sheet metal shaper 400 are placed in pairs, one on each side of the base, and are formed by a double tee profile of the same dimensions as said base 401 welded perpendicularly to said base 401, and by an extensible element 406 chosen from the group comprised of hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical pistons located at the outer end of said profile.
- the sheet guide rollers of said ferrule sheet former are arranged on said base in a horizontal position 405 and perpendicular to the main axis of the base, and in a vertical position 404 on both sides of said base, from pairs separated by a distance equal to the width of the sheets that make up the ferrule and at different heights to allow the displacement of the sheets arranged vertically.
- Each fixed alignment and vertical welding plate 402 of said ferrule sheet former 400 is a closed and heated box, with enough space to house at least one operator and welding equipment, and has two openings on two opposite sides sealed by curtains, where said base 401 and the plates mounted thereon pass through the entire fixed alignment cabin and vertical plate welding 402.
- Each fixed alignment and vertical plate welding cabin 402 of said sheet metal shaper 400 further contains at least two vertical presses 407 selected from the group comprising hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical presses, positioned such that each of said presses imprison a sheet, keeping the sheets to be welded aligned at an optimum distance to perform welding between them, and where said presses have a horizontal advance, that is to say that the presses are comprised of two horizontally moving shoes approaching the plates in successive positions parallel to each other; 408 calibrated vertical rails on both sides of said presses, located in such a way as to allow the movement of two welding robots by them; 409 control systems for hydraulic presses and welding robots and accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control, sheet positioning control, remote control systems, monitoring systems.
- vertical presses 407 selected from the group comprising hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical presses, positioned such that each of said presses imprison a sheet, keeping the sheets to be welded aligned at an optimum distance to perform welding between them, and
- the fixed alignment and vertical welding of plate 402 booths of said sheet metal shaper 400 are placed at a distance equal to the length of the plates to be concatenated, so as to allow welding simultaneously.
- the number of fixed alignment booths and vertical welding of sheets to be used is limited only by the space available to locate them.
- the roof of the fixed alignment booths and vertical welding of sheets 402 is of sheet metal of sufficient thickness to withstand the accidental fall of tools or other objects from the height of the tank under construction, in order to protect the staff that is inside.
- the walls of the fixed alignment and vertical welding booths of plates 402 are coated with thermal insulating material for provide comfort to the staff inside and reduce the energy expenditure of indoor air conditioning control systems, if any.
- the walls of the fixed alignment and vertical welding booths of sheets 402 are clad in acoustic insulating material to provide comfort to the personnel inside.
- a sheet shaper for ferrules 400 is placed tangentially to the periphery of the tank under construction, as outlined in Figure 3.
- multiple sheet shapers for ferrules 400 are placed tangentially to the periphery of the tank under construction, allowing the generation of individual sheet tapes for ferrules simultaneously.
- the versatility both in the location and in the number of the sheet shapers for ferrules 400 to be used is another novel advantage of the process of the present invention, which makes it possible to optimize the use of the space available in the surroundings of the construction site.
- said fixed alignment and vertical welding plates 402 booths are located on said outer circle, this allows vertical welding of already rolled sheets. This alternative allows the conformation of ferrules from chaps of thicknesses of more than 3 ⁇ 4 inches that need to be curved before the conformation of the ferrules.
- At least one mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 200 and at least one mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 300 are placed thereon.
- a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 200 is schematized in Figures 8, 9 and 10.
- the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 200 move on said rails 109 placed on the outer side of said inner circle that delimits the periphery of the tank to be constructed, and comprise a closed and heated box 201, with space sufficient to house at least one operator and a welding equipment and at least one window on its front side to allow the welding equipment to approach the ferrules to be welded sealed by curtains, and adequate geometry to move circularly along the periphery of the tank between two parallel ferrules; ladder and railings to allow the safe work of the operators on the roof of the external welding cabin, which allow them to act as mobile scaffolding; at least two wheels 202 for travel on said rails; at least one calibrated horizontal rail, located at a height such that it allows the movement of at least one welding robot to carry out horizontal sewing between ferrules; at least one motor 203 for displacement of the welding cabin, with at least one driving wheel 204; motor control systems for moving the welding booth and welding robots; and accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control
- each external horizontal welding mobile cabin has three freewheels 202 roller type and a driving wheel 204 roller type, for displacement on two rails 109, and said displacement is achieved thanks to an electric motor or explosion 203 which moves said drive wheel 204.
- the roof of the external horizontal welding mobile booths 200 is of sheet metal of sufficient thickness to withstand the accidental fall of tools or other objects from the height of the tank under construction, so as to protect personnel who are It is inside, and to support the movement of operators and tools, in order to allow its use as a mobile scaffold.
- the walls of the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 200 are covered with thermal insulating material to provide comfort to the personnel inside and decrease the energy expenditure of the indoor air conditioning control systems, if the there would be.
- the walls of the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 200 are clad in acoustic insulating material to provide comfort to the personnel inside.
- a preferred embodiment of a mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 300 is schematized in Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14.
- the internal horizontal welding mobile booths 300 move on said rails 109 located inside said inner circle and, on the floor 2 of the tank; although the present invention also provides for its movement by wheels or rails on the floor 2 of the tank.
- Said mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 300 comprise a closed and heated box 301, with sufficient space to house at least one operator and welding equipment and at least one window on its front side sealed by curtains to allow the welding equipment to approach to the ferrules to be welded, and suitable geometry to move in a circular way through the inner circumference of the tank; at least one horizontal rail calibrated 302, located at a height such that it allows the movement of at least one welding robot thereto for horizontal sewing between ferrules; at least one wheel 303 for movement on said rails 109 and at least one wheel 304 for movement on the tank floor; at least one motor 305 for the displacement of the welding cabin, with at least one driving wheel; motor control systems for the movement of the welding booth and welding robots and accessory systems chosen from the group comprising indoor air conditioning control, lighting control, welding quality control
- said internal horizontal welding mobile booths 300 are constituted by a reinforced metal structure, and its front face It has a shape that approximately copies the arc of circumference described by the ferrules of the tank under construction.
- each internal horizontal welding mobile cabin 300 has on its front side a freewheel 303 roller type and a driving wheel 307 roller type, for movement on a rail 109, and on its rear side two free wheels 304 for the displacement on the tank floor, and said displacement is achieved thanks to an electric motor or explosion 305 that moves said driving wheel.
- the roof of the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 300 is of metal sheet of sufficient thickness to withstand the accidental fall of tools or other objects from the height of the tank under construction, so as to protect personnel who are It is inside, and to support the movement of operators and tools, in order to allow its use as a mobile scaffold.
- the walls of the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 300 are covered with thermal insulating material to provide comfort to the personnel inside and decrease the energy expenditure of the indoor air conditioning control systems, if the there would be.
- the walls of the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 300 are clad in acoustic insulating material to provide comfort to the personnel inside.
- said internal horizontal welding mobile booths 300 leave an empty space between its bottom and the tank floor 2 and between its front wheels 303 and 307 and rear wheels 304 wide enough to allow its transfer over a folding device 500 as illustrated in figures 18 and 19, arranged horizontally and radially on floor 2 of the tank.
- a device for pulling the sheet tape is placed at a point chosen from the periphery of the tank under construction.
- said device for pulling the sheet tape is an electric winch, which drives a steel cable whose end is attached to a metal plate welded to the end of the sheet to be moved.
- Said steel cable is located in a spiral shape surrounding the periphery of the tank under construction, passing through the sheaves 113 of the internal and external ferrule guide devices 110, and arrives at the sheet metal shaper 400.
- a first flat metal plate is placed on the outer end of the sheet metal shaper, vertically, so that the lower edge thereof rests on said horizontal rollers 405 and is supported by said vertical rollers 404.
- This first sheet is moved manually or assisted servo on said rollers until its rear edge is in position to be welded between said vertical presses 407 within one of said fixed alignment and vertical welding plates 402 .
- a second flat metal plate is placed on the outer end of the sheet metal shaper, vertically, so that the lower edge thereof rests on said horizontal rollers 405 and is supported by said vertical rollers 404.
- This second sheet is moved manually or assisted servo on said rollers until its leading edge is in a position to be welded between said vertical presses 407 within one of said fixed alignment and vertical welding plates 402.
- said lifting device is a mobile crane.
- the rear end of the first plate and the front end of the second plate are held by said double system of vertical presses 407 and aligned at an optimum distance to effect the welding between them.
- said double system of vertical presses 407 By means of at least one welding robot that travels on said 408 calibrated vertical rails, the welded seam of both plates, concatenating them.
- the system also allows the manual welding contest.
- welding quality control tests can be carried out within said fixed alignment and vertical plate welding booths 402.
- the welded plates are then moved by said rollers until the rear edge of the assembly is in a position to be welded between said vertical presses 407 within one of said fixed alignment and vertical welding plates 402.
- a metal slab is welded to which the end of the steel cable driven by said device for pulling the sheet metal tape is attached, which allows the movement of the set of concatenated sheets above said horizontal rollers 405 and between said vertical rollers 404.
- the number of simultaneous welded seams that can be performed with this Process is equal to the number of fixed alignment and vertical welding of plate 400s that the sheet metal shaper 400 has, proportionally decreasing the time required to construct a ferrule.
- the number of fixed alignment and vertical plate welding booths 400 that has the sheet metal shaper 400 limited only by the space available at the construction site, which is another novel advantage of this Process.
- a sheet shaper is used for ferrules 400 with at least two fixed alignment booths and vertical welding of plates 402, which allow the simultaneous realization of two vertical welds.
- This new process allows to speed up the operations of movement of raw material, since the unloading of sheets is carried out at a single point, at the outer end of the sheet metal shaper 400, which is the furthest place from the tank structure in construction. This allows to optimize the flow of the transports that take the raw material to the construction site, while minimizing the transfer of heavy machinery in the area, since the lifting device used to place the plates in the sheet metal shaper 400 It does not require moving throughout the construction site, thus increasing the safety of personnel and reducing insurance premiums as an indirect consequence.
- this new Process allows the use of flat sheets of any thickness and size to build the ferrules, which in addition to providing great versatility in terms of construction requirements, maximize transport efficiency, since flat sheets They occupy less space than pre-molded sheets.
- the concatenated sheet tape is generated in said sheet metal shaper 400, it is moved on said horizontal rollers 405 guided by said vertical rollers 404 pulled by said cable driven by said device for pulling the belt of sheet, and enters said outer circle, which forms the outer periphery of the tank structure in construction, on said horizontal rollers 111 of said ferrule guide devices 110 located at the outer end on the support body 101 of each of said support base devices 100.
- the concatenated sheet tape generated in said forming conformer plates for ferrules 400 enters said second circle, acquires a curved conformation, thanks to the action of said vertical rollers 112 of said external support base devices 100.
- the metal plate to which the end of the steel cable operated by the device for pulling the sheet metal tape is attached and the last one is made vertical welding seam.
- said last vertical welding seam is performed automatically by a welding robot that travels on calibrated rails arranged inside said mobile horizontal horizontal welding cabin 200.
- said last vertical welding seam is performed automatically by a welding robot that travels on calibrated rails arranged inside said mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 300.
- said last vertical welding seam is automatically performed simultaneously by two welding robots that move on calibrated rails arranged inside said mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 200 and said internal horizontal horizontal mobile welding booth 300 .
- the present invention also provides that said last vertical welding seam is performed manually or semi-automatically, by welding vertical rails temporarily on the ferrule to allow the movement of a welding robot.
- the metal plate to which the end of the steel cable operated by the device for pulling the sheet tape is attached is welded to the end of the first sheet of the sheet tape that will form the second ferrule, and said cable is re - positioned in the vertical sheaves 113 which have the guide devices of ferrules 110 of the support base device 100.
- the roof structure of tank 1 is then constructed.
- the first ferrule 3 is welded to the peripheral structure of the roof 1, it is finished, including railings, pipes, accessories and the inner column sections of the same height as the ferrule placed, if such columns were necessary; Only some roof plates are left unplaced to relieve wind pressure and eventually evacuate personnel and tools at the last stage of construction. The ladder section and the necessary accessories are also mounted on the ferrule, thus avoiding work at height.
- a multiplicity of folding devices 500 are then placed with detachable appendages 900 for lifting structures. These devices are placed in two positions: on the periphery of the tank, on the inner side, and inside the tank, adjacent to all the internal columns of the tank, in the event that said columns are present as support of the structure, except for the central mast that was previously assembled in its entirety.
- the number and distribution of folding devices with detachable appendages for lifting structures will depend on the final weight of the tank structure.
- a folding device with detachable appendages is placed for every 5,000 kg of weight of the finished tank, without counting the weight of the bottom of the tank, since it will not be supported by said devices.
- FIG. 18 A preferred embodiment of said folding device 500 mentioned is illustrated in Figures 18 and 19, which allows the attachment of accessory supports to grip different parts of a tank under construction, and comprises a pivoting base 501, surface where the Cat column 502, and which is constituted by a rectangular metal sheet folded at 90 or both sides, as an inverted "U" shaped tray. These folds 503 to 90 or confer structural rigidity and allow the passage of a pivoting axis.
- a perforation 504 (illustrated in Figure 23) is carried out in both folds 503 of the sheet through which the pivot axis will pass, so that said axis It is parallel to the smaller sides of the base 501, and that the base 501 is capable of rotating with a center close to one of the ends of the major sides.
- Column 502 of the folding device is not welded centrally at base 501, but near one of the smaller sides at the opposite end of the pivoting axes (front end B), centered relative to the smaller side.
- Figure 23 shows the ears 511 that allow the rotation of the column 502.
- Both ears 511 located on each side of the base 501, are composed of a perforated iron plate that allows the shaft to pass through the through hole 504 , which links them with the pivoting base 501.
- Both ears 511 are welded or fixed to the floor, one on each side of the pivoting base 501 and allow the folding device to rotate.
- Said column 502 is preferably a hollow metal column of square section, made of steel sheet. Its lower end is welded to the base 501 and the upper end is covered with a welded plate (from which the edges are observed laterals in figures 18, 19 and 20) to column 502. In this sheet, perforations are made to allow screwing the stop and end piece 505. In the face close to the pivoting axes (back side A) the rack is welded 506, being centered on the face with respect to the vertical axis of column 502.
- Said rack 506 is formed by a metal plate 507 of the same length as column 502; the teeth 508 of the rack, consisting of metal bars of square section, perpendicular to the larger sides of the plate 507, are welded on one of the faces of the plank at regular intervals. The opposite side of the plate 507 is welded to the face rear of column 502.
- the stop and end piece or body 505 is formed by a square metal sheet, slightly larger side next to the square section of the column 502. At the ends of its front side, the tension brackets 509 to 120 are welded or Regarding the side, one in each corner. The stop and limit switch 505 is screwed to the top of the column 502, centered thereon.
- the tensioner support pieces 509 are formed by a short steel plate, with a perforation 510 near one of its ends in order to allow the tensioners to be moored.
- the supports 509 are welded to the stop and end of body 505 by one of its major sides, so that they are perpendicular thereto and protrude a distance approximately equal to half of its major side.
- Said upper drawer 600 illustrated in Figures 24 and 25, like the lower drawer 700, has a safety lock 650 on the side of the rack 506 of the column (rear side).
- a hydraulic piston 550 is attached to the upper drawer 600 by means of an axis 551 that allows a degree of freedom of rotation with respect to the axis perpendicular to the column 502, and which is located on the front side, on the side opposite the system side.
- safety lock 650 is also the accessory support system 620.
- the upper drawer 600 has means for minimizing friction when traveling on column 502, said means being formed by pieces 602, which fit into "L" shaped corner pieces 603.
- the upper drawer 600 is made of folded and welded steel sheet and the means for minimizing friction 602 are rectangular Teflon pads, arranged in the form of a square on metal plates folded in square 603, and are located in the corners where the upper drawer 600 rubs against the column 502, two in the upper rear corners and two in the lower anterior corners.
- the lower drawer 700 illustrated in Figures 26 and 27, like the upper drawer 600, has a safety lock 750 on the side of the rack 506 of the column (rear side), and a support for the hydraulic piston 550 in the opposite side.
- the hydraulic piston 550 joins the lower drawer 700 by means of an axis 552 which allows a degree of freedom of rotation with an axis perpendicular to the axis of the column 502.
- the lower drawer 700 is preferably made of folded and welded steel sheet.
- Said hydraulic piston 550 shown individually in Figure 21 is preferably a standard hydraulic piston that links upper drawer 600 with lower drawer 700 at its ends 553 and 554 respectively attached to bodies 604 and 702, so as to allow two degrees of freedom that compensate for small variations in the verticality of both upper 600 and lower 700 drawers.
- the safety locks of the upper 600 and lower 700 drawers are preferably standard locks by trigger or nail gravity 651 and 751 respectively, with counterweights 652 and 752 respectively, which allow the free vertical displacement of the drawers upward but avoid that they move down.
- the upper drawer 600 is shown in figures 24 and 25, in which the accessory support system 620 is defined, comprising two support assemblies 621, each formed by two horizontal plates 622 separated by two metal bars of square section 623 , so as to leave a space 625 between both plates, which as a "chest of drawers" allows the insertion of a removable accessory 900 as illustrated in Figures 22 and 30.
- the entire assembly 622-623 is firmly welded together and to the upper drawer 600 in its front part.
- Each support 622 has a through hole 624 near a end, by which a bolt (not shown) is inserted, which holds the 900 accessory inserted in each 625 drawer.
- said movable accessory 900 depends on the object to be grasped for lifting, but all of them have the common characteristic of having one or two protruding planks 901, preferably metallic, of the measurements of the space 625 within the accessory support system 620, with a through hole 902 which, when coinciding with the hole 624 of the accessory support system 620, allows it to be locked by a bolt or similar system.
- These plates must be arranged in the removable accessory 900 in the position necessary for the correct location of the removable accessory 900 in the accessory support system 620.
- the removable accessory 900 is a pair of metal "nails” designed to grip a metal sheet by its lower edge, such as those outlined in Figure 22, each formed by a horizontal slab 901 with a perforation 902 near its end, which will be inserted into one of the "drawers" 625 of the accessory support system 620.
- another plate 903 arranged at 90 or vertically has a threaded hole 904 through which a screw is inserted adjustment.
- the removable accessory 900 is a metal device designed to grip vertical cylindrical pieces terminated in a flange, such as sections of a column, with two protruding horizontal plates perforated near its end, which are inserted into the " drawers "625 of accessory support system 620.
- removable accessory 900 is a type device
- Figure 30 of this type of accessory consisting of two equal and opposite pieces as the one outlined in figure 30, each of which consists of a rectangular metal sheet of great thickness 911 with a semicircular perforation in the middle of one of its larger sides of the same diameter as the outer diameter of the vertical pipe to be gripped, and two supports 912 welded on their smaller sides, each with a perforation 913 that allows the passage of a bolt (not shown) to join said equal and opposite pieces.
- each thick sheet 911 On the lower side of each thick sheet 911 a device consisting of two equal rectangular sheets 914 of smaller size than the thick sheet 911 is welded, each with semicircular perforation in the middle of one of its larger sides, separated by four metal bars of square section 915, so as to form two "drawers" 916 of the same geometry as the "drawers" 625 of the accessory support system 620, the assembly being firmly welded together.
- Two through holes 917 in each piece allow to secure by means of bolts or other similar system two horizontal plates with a perforation near each of its ends, which will be inserted in the "drawers” 625 of the accessory support system 620 and in the " drawers "916 of the" flange “type device, thus linking the" flange "removable accessory to the accessory support system 620 of one or two folding devices 500 of the present invention facing each other, according to the needs of the weight to be lifted.
- By varying the geometry of the 911 thick sheets it is possible to adapt this removable accessory to hold different types of objects to be lifted.
- the folding devices 500 of the present invention are located in the chosen place so that their front faces face the object to be lifted, ferrule or column, and at a distance suitable for the implementation of the removable accessory 900 used to hold said object to be lifted.
- the folding device 500 is firmly anchored to the floor, fixing for this the ears 511 for the rotation of the column 502 and the tensioners (not shown) on one side to the floor and on the other to the support bodies of tensioners 509 located in the stop body and end of career 505 of column 502.
- the folding devices are located on the metal floor of the tank, and the fixing of both the ears 511 and the ends of the tensioners to the floor is carried out by welding.
- the hydraulic system that drives each hydraulic piston 550 is then connected.
- the hydraulic system is commanded by a central that governs and coordinates a multiplicity of similar folding devices that work together to lift the structure.
- the upper and lower drawers 600 and 700 are moved by means of the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 550 so that they are in their closest position to each other, and at the appropriate height to place the removable accessories 900 holding the object to be lifted.
- the removable accessories 900 are placed inside the cavities 625 of the accessory support system 620 and locked by a bolt.
- the accessory support system 620 of each of the folding devices 500 used is located in their respective positions closest to the floor, and the removable accessories 900 used in each of the folding devices 500 arranged in the periphery of the tank under construction are a pair of "nails” like those illustrated in Figure 22 that hold the first ferrule 3 by its lower edge, while the removable accessories 900 used in each of the folding devices 500 arranged inside the Tank under construction are "flange" type devices such as the one outlined in Figure 30 with the specific geometry to hold the inner column sections of the tank under construction by its lower ends.
- the collapsible devices 500 with detachable appendages 900 for lifting structures raise the ferrule-roof structure to a height slightly greater than the height of a ferrule plus the height of the support base devices.
- each hydraulic piston 550 is activated, which tends to separate both drawers, pushing the lower drawer 700 down and the upper drawer 600 up. Thanks to the safety lock 750, the lower drawer 700 remains motionless while the upper drawer 600 moves up, and with it the structure held by the removable accessory 900 attached to the accessory support system 620.
- the multiplicity of the collapsible devices 500 with detachable appendages 900 for lifting peripheral and interior structures are activated together to coordinately extend the pistons.
- the multiplicity of the collapsible devices 500 with detachable appendages 900 for lifting peripheral and interior structures are activated together to coordinately contract the pistons.
- Another object of the present invention is an automatic verification system that the locks 750 of the lower drawers 700 and the locks 650 of the upper drawers 600 are in correct positions.
- This system comprises an optical sensor by lock, a transmitter of the signal generated by said sensor, a receiver that receives the signal from each of the sensors located in each of the folding devices 500, an information processing unit and an interface of communication that can be visual or auditory (or both) that communicates to the operator the situation of each lock. This allows a safe operation and avoids the need for personnel to verify the position of each of the obstacles.
- the roof of the tank i attached to the first ferrule 3 is raised by these devices, held by the lower edge of said ferrule, to a height suitable to allow the insert of the second ferrule 4.
- the concatenated sheet tape generated in said sheet metal shaper 400 to construct the second ferrule 4, which rests in said outer circle is then pulled into its final position by said device for pulling the sheet tape, on said horizontal rollers 111 of said ferrule guide devices 110 located in said inner circle.
- said belt acquires the final diameter of the ferrule, thanks to the action of said vertical rollers 112 of said ferrule guide devices 110 located at the inner end of said support base devices 100.
- the metal plate to which the end of the steel cable operated by the device for pulling the sheet tape and the last vertical welding seam is made in the same manner as described above for the vertical welding seam of the first ferrule 3.
- the sheet concatenation process described above begins, to generate the sheet metal tape that will form the next ferrule, which said outer circle will be located on said horizontal rollers 111 of said outer guide devices 110 of each of said support base devices 100, forming an outer ring concentric with the structure of the tank under construction.
- the metal plate to which the end of the steel cable operated by the device for pulling the sheet tape is attached is welded to the end of the first sheet of the sheet tape that will form the next ferrule, and said cable is re - positioned in the vertical sheaves 113 which have the guide devices of ferrules 110 of the support base devices 100.
- the structure composed of the first ferrule and the roof of the tank is lowered by actuating the folding devices 500, until the removable appendages 900 of the folding devices 500 are almost supported on the upper edge of the second ferrule 4.
- a variable number of ferrule spacing devices 800 are placed between both ferrules 3 and 4, the thickness of which is slightly greater than the thickness of the removable appendages 900 "nails" brackets inserted in the accessory support system 620 of the hydraulic folding device 500.
- the spacing devices of ferrules 800 in a preferred embodiment consist of a horizontal metal plate 801 of the desired thickness for welding between the upper ferrule and the ferrule under construction, and of a length sufficient to allow the passage of two vertical metallic planks in shape of cuff 802 through a groove-shaped hole 803 in its central part, so that when placing horizontal plate 801 between both ferrules and after placing vertical cuffs 802, one at the outer end and one at the inner end with respect to the tank under construction, the correct alignment of both ferrules is guaranteed.
- an auxiliary device for removing removable appendages 810 of such that it is located between both ferrules.
- the auxiliary devices for removing removable appendages 810 in a preferred embodiment consist of a horizontal metal plate 811 of a thickness slightly greater than the thickness of the removable appendages 900 of the collapsible devices 500, and a length slightly greater than the thickness of the sheet forming the ferrule, to which another flat iron 812 is screwed vertically in the form of a stop. Then the structure composed of the first ferrule 3 and the roof i of the tank is lowered by actuating the folding devices 500, until it rests on the auxiliary devices for removing removable appendages 810.
- auxiliary devices for removing removable appendages 810 are removed, whereby the structure falls in a controlled manner and is supported on the spacing devices of ferrules 800.
- a section is then added to each of the interior columns, in case these columns are used.
- the flange-type gripping device of one of the folding devices 500 is removed, the folding device 500 is battered, and a column section of the same height as a ferrule is welded. Then the verticality of the folding device 500 is restored, it is tied, and the flange-type gripping device is reassembled thereon, so that the new column section is tied at its bottom.
- the process is repeated sequentially with each of the columns interiors, which allows not only to evenly distribute the weight of the structure throughout its assembly, thus avoiding tensions located in the finished structure, but also facilitates the entire process, since it is not necessary to handle large columns or leave the unfinished ceiling until the end of the assembly process, forcing the operators to work at it at high altitude and generally subject to the effect of the wind.
- detachable appendages type support flanges in the folding devices 500 for lifting internal structures that hold the sections of columns by their lower end, make it unnecessary to weld extra supports as flanges or locks to the columns for the elevation of the assembly, accelerating notably the work to avoid previous welding operations and subsequent cutting and roughing them.
- the 200 and internal 300 horizontal horizontal welding booths simultaneously travel along the periphery of the tank by welding the lower edge of the first ferrule 3 with the upper edge of the second ferrule 4, through the contest of two welding robots housed in said cabins.
- the width of the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 200 allow them to move freely on the rails 109 between the second ferrule 4 of the structure of the tank under construction and the sheet metal strip being formed to generate the next ferrule, and to be it locates on the guide devices of outer ferrules 110 of the support base devices 100, forming an outer ring concentric to the second ferrule 4 of the tank under construction.
- At least one mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 200 and at least one mobile horizontal horizontal welding booth 300 are used.
- ferrule spacing devices 800 The combined use of ferrule spacing devices 800, folding devices 500, mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths
- closed and heated horizontal welding mobile cabins constitutes another novel feature, which not only increases the comfort of the personnel, but also protects the operator and the welding robot from the inclement weather, allowing continuity of work in extreme conditions - such as winds, snow or rain - while providing security against multiple work hazards, such as accidental fall of tools or parts from height, for example.
- the necessary accessories are attached to the second ferrule and to the corresponding inner column sections, such as flights of stairs, pipes, railings, etc.
- the vertical position of the folding devices for lifting peripheral and interior structures 500 is then restored, the tensioners that are restored are restored. They hold the folding device 500 by means of the tension brackets 509, and the detachable appendages 900 are attached so that they hold onto the construction tank by the lower edge of the second ferrule 4 just mounted and by the lower end of the column sections interiors added in the last step, if any.
- the internal mobile horizontal welding mobile booths 300 have a width less than the space between two folding devices for lifting continuous peripheral structures 500, such that said internal mobile horizontal welding horizontal cabs 300 are located between two devices folding for lifting 500 continuous peripheral structures.
- the internal mobile horizontal welding mobile booths 300 are temporarily removed from their position on the inner periphery of the tank under construction, to allow restoring the vertical position of the folding devices for lifting peripheral and interior structures 500.
- the collapsible devices 500 with detachable appendages 900 for lifting structures raise the roof-ferrule structure to a height slightly greater than the height of a ferrule plus the height of the support base devices 100.
- This new construction system guarantees that the sheet metal strip necessary for the construction of a ferrule is generated simultaneously with the assembly of the preceding ferrule, so that when the ferrule is finished, the next one is ready for assembly, allowing a continuous and independent workflow of the climatic conditions, considerably increasing the speed of the process compared to the Processes known in the state of the art.
- the entire work is carried out at all times at a maximum height equal to the height of a ferrule, including the assembly work of stairs and other accessories, which is an innovation of this invention that guarantees both a high quality of completion by the comfort for the work of the personnel as the security of the personnel, due to the low height of work added to the use of mobile cabins of horizontal welding internal 300 and external 200 that replace the traditional systems of peripheral scaffolding, to the basic devices support 100 that guarantee an escape route throughout the periphery of the tank and to interpared transport devices 9 that provide a safe means of travel.
- the structure is lifted to a height slightly higher than the height of the support base devices 100 and the rails 109, the mobile welding booths are removed horizontal external 200, interpared transport devices 9 and base support devices 100.
- the structure is then lowered to the floor of the tank 2, and after removing the detachable appendages of the folding devices, the structure is allowed to rest on the floor of tank 2.
- the internal horizontal welding booths 300 are also removed.
- the structure is raised to a sufficient height to allow the removal of the internal horizontal welding mobile booths 300.
- the last ferrule 5 has an opening of sufficient amplitude to allow the extraction of the internal mobile horizontal welding mobile booths 300.
- the roof i of the tank has an opening of sufficient amplitude to allow the extraction of the mobile horizontal horizontal welding booths 300.
- the collapsible devices 500 are then removed and removed.
- the ears 511 are cut for the rotation of the column and the ears for anchoring of tensioners welded to the floor.
- the process ends by welding the last ferrule 5 and the internal columns to the floor of the tank 2, at the same time that the necessary operations are carried out to achieve a neat finish inside the tank, such as the roughing of the sectors where they were welded to the floor of the tank Tank 2 the anchor points of the folding devices. Finally, after evacuating the interior of the tank the roof is finished, placing the missing plates in the sectors that were left uncovered to allow relieving the tension of the winds and eventually evacuating tools and personnel in the final instance of construction, and Finish the assembly of accessories in the last ferrule 5.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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RU2014138878A RU2639403C2 (ru) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-04-03 | Процесс монтажа резервуара и устройство для выполнения этого процесса |
MX2014011961A MX350829B (es) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-04-03 | Procesos de montaje de tanques y dispositivos para realizarlo. |
US14/236,731 US9133640B2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-04-03 | Process for building a tank and devices for executing the process |
BR112014024644-0A BR112014024644B1 (pt) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-04-03 | Processo de montagem de tanques e dispositivos para sua excução |
CA2869273A CA2869273C (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-04-03 | Tank-assembly process and devices for executing it |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ARP120101191 AR085868A1 (es) | 2012-04-04 | 2012-04-04 | Proceso de montaje de tanques y dispositivos para realizarlo |
ARP20120101191 | 2012-04-04 |
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WO2013150168A1 true WO2013150168A1 (es) | 2013-10-10 |
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PCT/ES2013/070219 WO2013150168A1 (es) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-04-03 | Proceso de montaje de tanques y dispositivos para realizarlo |
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US (1) | US9133640B2 (es) |
AR (1) | AR085868A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112014024644B1 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2869273C (es) |
MX (1) | MX350829B (es) |
RU (1) | RU2639403C2 (es) |
UY (1) | UY34726A (es) |
WO (1) | WO2013150168A1 (es) |
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CN113309330A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-27 | 中国电建集团山东电力建设有限公司 | 大型罐体组装用辅助装置 |
CN114434083A (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-06 | 安徽申容压力容器有限公司 | 基于罐体水平夹持的储气罐直缝快速焊接装置 |
CN114718054A (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-07-08 | 山东省建筑工程质量检验检测中心有限公司 | 一种用于人工挖孔桩的应急防护装置 |
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RU2644968C2 (ru) * | 2013-05-24 | 2018-02-15 | Л'Эр Ликид, Сосьете Аноним Пур Л'Этюд Э Л'Эксплуатасьон Де Проседе Жорж Клод | Производственный объект |
US10688627B2 (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2020-06-23 | Bechtel Oil, Gas & Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for aligning heavy metal plates during tank construction |
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US11346099B2 (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2022-05-31 | Independence Materials Group, Llc | Apparatus and method for lifting a concrete slab |
US20200269363A1 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-27 | New York University | Robotics for welding of columns |
US11248388B2 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-02-15 | Ctb, Inc. | Commercial hopper grain bin assembly method |
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US20230174252A1 (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-08 | John Jeffrey Blincow | Rapid Sequential Circular Assembly System for Space Station |
CN116079301B (zh) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-09 | 江苏世泽车业科技有限公司 | 一种悬吊式水泥罐生产用焊接设备 |
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CN113309330A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-27 | 中国电建集团山东电力建设有限公司 | 大型罐体组装用辅助装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BR112014024644A2 (pt) | 2017-10-03 |
BR112014024644B1 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
UY34726A (es) | 2013-10-31 |
RU2014138878A (ru) | 2016-05-27 |
AR085868A1 (es) | 2013-10-30 |
RU2639403C2 (ru) | 2017-12-21 |
US9133640B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
MX2014011961A (es) | 2015-08-05 |
MX350829B (es) | 2017-09-25 |
CA2869273A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
US20150033640A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
CA2869273C (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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