WO2013147179A1 - 潤滑油用基油の製造方法 - Google Patents
潤滑油用基油の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013147179A1 WO2013147179A1 PCT/JP2013/059580 JP2013059580W WO2013147179A1 WO 2013147179 A1 WO2013147179 A1 WO 2013147179A1 JP 2013059580 W JP2013059580 W JP 2013059580W WO 2013147179 A1 WO2013147179 A1 WO 2013147179A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
- C10G65/043—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a change in the structural skeleton
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/19—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/703—MRE-type, e.g. ZSM-48
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7042—TON-type, e.g. Theta-1, ISI-1, KZ-2, NU-10 or ZSM-22
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7046—MTT-type, e.g. ZSM-23, KZ-1, ISI-4 or EU-13
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
- B01J29/7484—TON-type, e.g. Theta-1, ISI-1, KZ-2, NU-10 or ZSM-22
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
- C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/64—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
- C10G2300/1062—Lubricating oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
- C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/011—Cloud point
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a base oil for lubricating oil.
- lubricating oil, light oil, jet fuel, etc. are products in which fluidity at low temperatures is regarded as important. If the base oil used in these products contains a wax component such as normal paraffin or slightly branched isoparaffin, the low-temperature fluidity of the base oil will decrease. Therefore, in the production of base oils, it is desirable to completely or partially remove the wax component. Alternatively, it is desirable to completely or partially convert the wax component to something other than the wax component.
- a dewaxing technique for removing a wax component from a hydrocarbon oil when producing a base oil for lubricating oil from a petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil for example, the wax component is extracted with a solvent such as MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) or liquefied propane.
- MEK Metal Ethyl Ketone
- a method of removing (solvent dewaxing) is known (see Patent Document 1 below).
- the aromatic hydrocarbons contained in a large amount in petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil can be extracted and removed with a solvent such as furfural, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
- a technique for improving the oxidative stability of the base oil for lubricating oil obtained in the above is known (see Patent Document 1 below).
- catalytic dewaxing is useful.
- hydrocarbon oil is brought into contact with a so-called bifunctional catalyst having hydrogenation-dehydrogenation ability and isomerization ability in the presence of hydrogen, and the wax component (normal paraffin) in the hydrocarbon oil is brought into contact.
- isoparaffin isoparaffin. That is, in the catalytic dewaxing, since the wax component in the hydrocarbon oil is also used as a raw material for the base oil for lubricating oil, an increase in the yield and viscosity index (VI) of the base oil for lubricating oil can be expected.
- Contact dewaxing is also useful as a method for improving the low-temperature fluidity of lubricating base oils.
- a fraction suitable for a base oil for lubricating oil by catalytic dewaxing it is necessary to sufficiently increase the conversion rate of normal paraffin in the hydrocarbon oil.
- the catalyst used in catalytic dewaxing has both isomerization ability and hydrocarbon resolution. Therefore, in the catalytic dewaxing of hydrocarbon oil, the lightening of the hydrocarbon oil progresses with the increase in the conversion rate of normal paraffin, and it is difficult to obtain a fraction having a desired viscosity index in a high yield. It is.
- hydrorefining treatment for the raw material oil before the catalytic dewaxing is useful.
- aromatic hydrocarbons in the feed oil are converted to naphthene by hydrogenation.
- naphthene is also used as a raw material for lubricating base oil, so it is possible to improve the oxidation stability of lubricating base oil without reducing the yield of lubricating base oil. .
- naphthene decreases the viscosity index of the base oil for lubricating oil.
- This invention is made
- One aspect of a method for producing a lubricating base oil according to the present invention includes a first step of hydrotreating a raw material oil to obtain an object to be treated, and a hydroisomerization catalyst for the object to be treated. And a second step of performing hydroisomerization treatment using an oil, wherein the feedstock oil comprises a petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil and a synthetic oil synthesized by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction, and the petroleum-derived carbonization in the feedstock oil
- the content of hydrogen oil is 60 to 90% by volume
- the content of synthetic oil in the raw material oil is 10 to 40% by volume.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst contains zeolite, and the zeolite contains an organic template and has a one-dimensional pore structure including a 10-membered ring.
- the zeolite is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ZSM-22 zeolite, ZSM-23 zeolite, SSZ-32 zeolite and ZSM-48 zeolite.
- the object to be treated contains normal paraffin having 10 or more carbon atoms, and in the second step, the object to be treated is preferably brought into contact with the hydroisomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen. .
- the concentration of the sulfur compound in the object to be processed obtained in the first step is 100 mass ppm or less. In one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the nitrogen compound in the object to be processed obtained in the first step is preferably 10 mass ppm or less.
- the gaseous matter is removed from the workpiece in the reactor. It is preferable to carry out the second step after removing.
- the second step it is preferable to perform hydroisomerization treatment on a fraction to be treated having a boiling point of more than 360 ° C. under atmospheric pressure.
- One embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a step of hydrofinishing the product oil obtained by the hydroisomerization treatment.
- a product oil obtained by hydrofinishing is separated into a fraction having a boiling point of 360 ° C. or less under atmospheric pressure and a fraction having a boiling point exceeding 360 ° C. under atmospheric pressure. It is preferable to provide the process to do.
- the boiling point under atmospheric pressure is 360 ° C. by subjecting the product oil obtained by hydrofinishing to distillation under reduced pressure to a fraction having a boiling point under atmospheric pressure exceeding 360 ° C. It is preferable to provide the process of isolate
- a method for producing a lubricating base oil that can produce a lubricating oil base oil having a high viscosity index in a high yield.
- the manufacturing method of the base oil for lubricating oil uses a hydrotreating process for a raw material oil to obtain a material to be treated, and a hydroisomerization catalyst for the material to be treated. And a second step of performing hydroisomerization treatment (isomerization dewaxing).
- the feedstock oil includes petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil and synthetic oil synthesized by Fischer-Tropsch reaction.
- FT synthetic oil The wax component contained in the FT synthetic oil is referred to as “FT wax”.
- the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons in the feedstock proceeds.
- the oxidation stability of the base oil for lubricating oil finally obtained improves.
- aromatic hydrocarbons in feedstocks are added with polar solvents such as furfural in order to improve the oxidation stability of base oils for lubricants.
- the oxidation stability of the base oil for lubricating oil is improved by hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbon contained in petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil.
- the base oil for lubricating oil uses as a raw material of the base oil for lubricating oil, without removing the naphthene produced
- the component to be treated obtained in the first step is brought into contact with the hydroisomerization catalyst to isomerize the wax component (normal paraffin) in the treatment subject to isoparaffin. Convert.
- the wax component is extracted by solvent dewaxing and removed from the raw material oil.
- the yield of the base oil for lubricating oil can be increased compared to the production method using solvent dewaxing. It becomes possible.
- the viscosity index of the base oil for lubricating oil decreases. If the naphthene ring-opening / isomerization reaction proceeds by hydroisomerization after hydrorefining, isoparaffin having a high viscosity index is generated, and the decrease in viscosity index is suppressed. However, it is not easy to perform ring-opening / isomerization of naphthene by hydroisomerization after hydrorefining.
- the feedstock oil contains not only petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil but also FT wax that becomes isoparaffin having a high viscosity index by hydroisomerization, the viscosity of the base oil for lubricating oil due to the inclusion of naphthene. A decrease in index can be suppressed. That is, in the present embodiment, it is possible to increase the viscosity index of the base oil for lubricating oil as compared with the conventional production method in which the feedstock oil is composed only of petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil.
- the desulfurization reaction of the feedstock also proceeds.
- hydrodesulfurization most of the sulfur compounds that are catalyst poisons of the hydroisomerization catalyst used in the second step are removed from the feedstock oil. Thereby, poisoning of the hydroisomerization catalyst is suppressed, resulting in an improvement in yield.
- the content of sulfur compounds in petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil is higher than that in FT synthetic oil. Therefore, among the sulfur compounds in the feedstock oil containing petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil, the absolute amount of the sulfur compound remaining without being removed by the hydrorefining process is the same as the hydrorefining process of the feedstock consisting only of FT synthetic oil. More than if done. That is, in this embodiment, compared with the case where only FT synthetic oil is used as the raw material oil, the hydroisomerization catalyst of the hydroisomerization catalyst is reduced by a small amount of sulfur compound remaining in the raw material oil (processed material) after the hydrorefining treatment. A part of the active site is poisoned, and the activity of the hydroisomerization catalyst is moderated moderately.
- the excessive decomposition of the material to be processed in the hydroisomerization treatment in the second step is suppressed, and it is difficult to produce a fraction having a small molecular weight. Become. This also contributes to an increase in the yield and viscosity index of the lubricating oil base oil. If only FT synthetic oil with a low sulfur compound content is used as the feedstock, the hydroisomerization catalyst is difficult to be poisoned, so the activity of the hydroisomerization catalyst is not stable. Overdecomposition of the workpiece will occur.
- the content of petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil in the feedstock is 60 to 90% by volume, and the content of FT synthetic oil in the feedstock is 10 to 40% by volume.
- the content of the FT synthetic oil in the raw material oil decreases, the content of isoparaffin in the base oil for lubricating oil decreases, and the content of naphthene in the base oil for lubricating oil relatively increases. Therefore, when the content of the FT synthetic oil in the raw material oil is too low, the viscosity index of the base oil for lubricating oil tends to decrease.
- the feedstock oil is prepared by mixing petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil and FT synthetic oil. It is preferable to mix the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil and the FT synthetic oil in a completely melted state.
- the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil preferably contains any one fraction of vacuum gas oil (VGO), vacuum residue solvent dewaxed oil, and vacuum gas oil hydrocracking bottom oil.
- VGO vacuum gas oil
- the vacuum gas oil is a distillate obtained from a crude oil vacuum distillation apparatus, and is a hydrocarbon oil having a boiling point range of about 350 to 550 ° C.
- the vacuum residue is a distillate obtained from a crude oil vacuum distillation apparatus, and is a hydrocarbon oil having a boiling point range of 550 ° C. or higher.
- FT synthetic oil is a synthetic oil that does not contain sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons in principle. Therefore, by using FT synthetic oil as a raw material, it is possible to produce a base oil for lubricating oil that has a low environmental impact. In addition, since sulfur content is a catalyst poison for hydrotreating catalysts and hydroisomerization catalysts, the use of FT synthetic oil that does not contain sulfur content prevents catalyst poisoning and improves catalyst life. It becomes easy.
- FT synthetic oil is produced, for example, by the following method.
- the raw natural gas is hydrodesulfurized. Specifically, sulfur compounds in natural gas are converted into hydrogen sulfide by a hydrodesulfurization catalyst or removed using an adsorbent of hydrogen sulfide.
- the reforming reaction (reforming) of the desulfurized natural gas By the reforming reaction (reforming) of the desulfurized natural gas, high-temperature synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas is generated.
- the reforming reaction of natural gas is represented by the following chemical reaction formulas (1) and (2).
- the reforming method is not limited to the steam / carbon dioxide reforming method using carbon dioxide and steam.
- steam reforming method, partial oxidation reforming method using oxygen (POX), autothermal reforming method (ATR) which is a combination of partial oxidation reforming method and steam reforming method, carbon dioxide gas reforming method, etc. It can also be used.
- the catalyst for FT reaction a catalyst in which an active metal is supported on an inorganic carrier is used.
- the inorganic carrier include porous oxides such as silica, alumina, titania, magnesia, zirconia.
- the active metal include cobalt, ruthenium, iron, nickel and the like.
- the FT catalyst may carry a compound containing a metal element such as zirconium, titanium, hafnium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium. These components improve the catalyst activity and contribute to the control of the number of carbons and the distribution of the FT synthetic oil.
- the FT synthetic oil synthesized by the above method is a mixture of linear hydrocarbons (normal paraffins) having about 1 to 100 carbon atoms, and hardly contains aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthene hydrocarbons and isoparaffins.
- the FT synthetic oil includes FT wax having a carbon number of about 21 or more and a boiling point exceeding about 360 ° C.
- the content of FT wax in the FT synthetic oil mixed with petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil is preferably 80% by mass or more. The content of FT wax can be easily controlled by appropriately adjusting the above reaction conditions.
- the raw material may be brought into contact with the hydrotreating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- the hydrorefining treatment not only hydrogenation of the raw material oil but also reactions such as hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation of the wax component may proceed.
- the method for producing a hydrotreating catalyst comprises a supporting step and a firing step.
- the supporting step an active metal component containing an active metal element is supported on a support to obtain a catalyst precursor.
- the calcining step the precursor obtained in the supporting step is calcined to obtain a hydrogenation catalyst.
- the carrier a carrier having a carbonaceous substance-containing carbon atom content of 0.5% by mass or less in terms of carbon atoms may be used.
- the active metal element at least one selected from metals of Groups 6, 8, 9, and 10 of the periodic table may be used.
- the periodic table means a periodic table of long-period elements defined by the International Pure Applied Science Association (IUPAC).
- hydrotreating catalyst examples include a carrier made of a porous inorganic oxide containing two or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium and magnesium, and groups 6 and 8 of the periodic table.
- a catalyst supporting a metal selected from elements of Group 10 to Group 10 is preferably used.
- a porous inorganic oxide composed of two or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium and magnesium is preferably used.
- it is a porous inorganic oxide containing alumina, and other carrier constituents include silica, zirconia, boria, titania, magnesia and the like.
- it is a complex oxide containing at least one selected from alumina and other constituents, and examples thereof include silica-alumina.
- phosphorus may be included as another component.
- the total content of components other than alumina is preferably 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight.
- the total content of components other than alumina is less than 1% by weight, a sufficient catalyst surface area cannot be obtained and the activity may be lowered.
- the content exceeds 20% by weight the acid content of the carrier Properties may increase, leading to a decrease in activity due to coke formation.
- phosphorus is included as a carrier constituent, its content is preferably 1 to 5% by weight, more preferably 2 to 3.5% by weight in terms of oxide.
- the raw material to be a precursor of silica, zirconia, boria, titania, magnesia, which is a carrier constituent other than alumina, is not particularly limited, and a solution containing general silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium, or magnesium can be used.
- a solution containing general silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium, or magnesium can be used.
- magnesium magnesium nitrate or the like can be used.
- phosphorus phosphoric acid or an alkali metal salt of phosphoric acid can be used.
- the raw materials for the carrier constituents other than alumina be added in any step prior to the firing of the carrier.
- it may be added to an aluminum aqueous solution in advance and then an aluminum hydroxide gel containing these components, may be added to a prepared aluminum hydroxide gel, or water or an acidic aqueous solution may be added to a commercially available alumina intermediate or boehmite powder.
- a method of coexisting at the stage of preparing aluminum hydroxide gel is more desirable.
- the active metal for the hydrotreating catalyst preferably contains at least one metal selected from Groups 6 and 8 to 10 of the periodic table, more preferably from Groups 6 and 8 to 10. Contains two or more selected metals.
- a hydrotreating catalyst containing at least one type of metal selected from Group 6 and at least one type of metal selected from Groups 8 to 10 as active metals is also suitable. Examples of the combination of active metals include Co—Mo, Ni—Mo, Ni—Co—Mo, Ni—W, and the like. In hydrorefining treatment, these metals are converted into a sulfide state. use.
- the content of the active metal is, for example, the total supported amount of W and Mo is preferably 12 to 35% by weight, more preferably 15 to 30% by weight based on the catalyst weight in terms of oxide. If the total supported amount of W and Mo is less than 12% by weight, the activity may decrease due to a decrease in the number of active points. If it exceeds 35% by weight, the metal is not effectively dispersed and is similarly active. May lead to a decrease in The total supported amount of Co and Ni is preferably 1.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably 2 to 8% by weight based on the catalyst weight in terms of oxide. If the total supported amount of Co and Ni is less than 1.5% by weight, a sufficient cocatalyst effect may not be obtained and the activity may be reduced. If it is more than 10% by weight, the metal is effective. In the same manner, there is a possibility that the activity is reduced.
- the method for supporting the active metal on the support is not particularly limited, and a known method applied when producing an ordinary hydrodesulfurization catalyst or the like can be used.
- a method of impregnating a catalyst carrier with a solution containing a salt of an active metal is preferably employed.
- an equilibrium adsorption method, a pore-filling method, an incident-wetness method, and the like are preferably employed.
- the pore-filling method is a method in which the pore volume of the support is measured in advance and impregnated with the same volume of the metal salt solution, but the impregnation method is not particularly limited, and the amount of metal supported Further, it can be impregnated by an appropriate method depending on the physical properties of the catalyst support.
- the reaction temperature of the hydrorefining treatment is about 150 to 480 ° C., preferably 200 to 400 ° C., more preferably 260 to 380 ° C.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 480 ° C.
- the decomposition of the wax component into light components proceeds and not only the yield of middle distillate and heavy components decreases, but also the product is colored, Use tends to be limited.
- the reaction temperature is lower than 150 ° C., the hydrorefining reaction does not proceed sufficiently and the hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation activities tend to be remarkably lowered, which is not practical.
- the hydrogen partial pressure in the hydrorefining treatment is about 1 to 20 MPa, preferably 3 to 15 MPa.
- the hydrogen partial pressure is less than 1 MPa, the hydrodesulfurization activity tends to decrease, which is not preferable.
- the hydrogen partial pressure exceeds 20 MPa the equipment construction cost tends to increase.
- the liquid space velocity (LHSV) of the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil in the hydrorefining treatment is about 0.1 to 4 h ⁇ 1 , preferably 0.25 to 1 h ⁇ 1 .
- LHSV liquid space velocity
- LHSV exceeds 4 h ⁇ 1 the reaction temperature is high and catalyst deterioration is accelerated. .
- the hydrogen / oil ratio is about 100 to 2000 Nm 3 / m 3 , preferably 200 to 1500 Nm 3 / m 3 .
- the hydrogen / oil ratio is less than 100 Nm 3 / m 3 , the hydrodesulfurization activity tends to be remarkably reduced, which is not preferable.
- the hydrogen / oil ratio exceeds 2000 Nm 3 / m 3 , there is no significant change in hydrodesulfurization activity, and only the operating cost increases, which is not preferable.
- the concentration of the sulfur compound in the workpiece obtained in the first step is 100 mass ppm or less.
- concentration of the nitrogen compound in the to-be-processed object obtained at said 1st process is 10 mass ppm or less.
- the concentration of the sulfur compound referred to here is a value measured based on JIS K2541 “Crude oil and petroleum products—sulfur content test method”.
- the concentration of the nitrogen compound is a value measured based on JIS K2609 “Crude oil and petroleum products—nitrogen content test method”.
- the pressure in the reactor where the hydrorefining treatment has been performed is adjusted to be equal to or lower than the pressure during the hydrorefining treatment, and more preferably from the pressure during the hydrorefining treatment. It is preferable to carry out the following second step after removing gaseous substances (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, steam, etc.) from the object to be treated in the reactor in a state where the pressure is reduced by 1 MPa or more.
- gaseous substances hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, steam, etc.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst used in the second step is characterized by being produced by a specific method.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst will be described in accordance with its preferred production mode. According to this embodiment, the use of the following hydroisomerization catalyst makes it easy to obtain a base oil for a lubricating oil with a high viscosity index in a high yield.
- an organic template-containing zeolite containing an organic template and having a 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure is ion-exchanged in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons.
- a first step of obtaining a support precursor by heating a mixture containing an ion-exchanged zeolite and a binder obtained at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C.
- a hydroisomerization catalyst in which platinum and / or palladium is supported on a support containing zeolite by calcining a catalyst precursor containing a palladium salt at a temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen. And a second step.
- the organic template-containing zeolite used in this embodiment is a one-dimensional fine particle containing a 10-membered ring from the viewpoint of achieving both high isomerization activity and suppressed decomposition activity in normal paraffin hydroisomerization reaction at a high level.
- Examples of such zeolite include AEL, EUO, FER, HEU, MEL, MFI, NES, TON, MTT, WEI, * MRE, and SSZ-32.
- the above three letters of the alphabet mean the skeletal structure code given by the Structure Committee of The International Zeolite Association for each classified structure of molecular sieve type zeolite. To do.
- zeolites having the same topology are collectively referred to by the same code.
- zeolites having the above-mentioned 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure among the zeolites having the above-mentioned 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure, zeolites having a TON or MTT structure, and * MRE structures in terms of high isomerization activity and low decomposition activity ZSM-48 zeolite and SSZ-32 zeolite which are zeolites are preferred.
- ZSM-22 zeolite is more preferred as the zeolite having the TON structure
- ZSM-23 zeolite is more preferred as the zeolite having the MTT structure.
- the organic template-containing zeolite is hydrothermally synthesized by a known method from a silica source, an alumina source, and an organic template added to construct the predetermined pore structure.
- the organic template is an organic compound having an amino group, an ammonium group or the like, and is selected according to the structure of the zeolite to be synthesized, but is preferably an amine derivative. Specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylamine, alkyldiamine, alkyltriamine, alkyltetramine, pyrrolidine, piperazine, aminopiperazine, alkylpentamine, alkylhexamine and derivatives thereof is more preferable.
- the alkyl group may have 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and preferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Representative alkyl diamines include 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,8-diaminooctane, and the like.
- the molar ratio ([Si] / [Al]) between silicon and aluminum constituting the organic template-containing zeolite having a 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure (hereinafter referred to as “Si / Al ratio”) is 10. Is preferably from 400 to 400, more preferably from 20 to 350.
- Si / Al ratio is less than 10
- the activity for the conversion of normal paraffin increases, but the isomerization selectivity to isoparaffin tends to decrease, and the increase in decomposition reaction accompanying the increase in reaction temperature tends to become rapid. Therefore, it is not preferable.
- the Si / Al ratio exceeds 400, it is difficult to obtain the catalyst activity necessary for the conversion of normal paraffin, which is not preferable.
- the organic template-containing zeolite synthesized preferably washed and dried usually has an alkali metal cation as a counter cation, and the organic template is included in the pore structure.
- the zeolite containing an organic template used in producing the hydroisomerization catalyst according to the present invention is in such a synthesized state, that is, calcination for removing the organic template included in the zeolite. It is preferable that the treatment is not performed.
- the organic template-containing zeolite is then ion-exchanged in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons.
- the counter cation contained in the organic template-containing zeolite is exchanged with ammonium ions and / or protons.
- a part of the organic template included in the organic template-containing zeolite is removed.
- the solution used for the ion exchange treatment is preferably a solution using a solvent containing at least 50% by volume of water, and more preferably an aqueous solution.
- the compound that supplies ammonium ions into the solution include various inorganic and organic ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium acetate.
- mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid are usually used as the compound for supplying protons into the solution.
- An ion-exchanged zeolite obtained by ion-exchange of an organic template-containing zeolite in the presence of ammonium ions releases ammonia during subsequent calcination, and the counter cation serves as a proton as a brane. Stead acid point.
- ammonium ions are preferred.
- the content of ammonium ions and / or protons contained in the solution is preferably set to be 10 to 1000 equivalents with respect to the total amount of counter cations and organic templates contained in the organic template-containing zeolite used. .
- the ion exchange treatment may be performed on a powdery organic template-containing zeolite carrier.
- the organic template-containing zeolite Prior to the ion exchange treatment, the organic template-containing zeolite is blended with an inorganic oxide as a binder, molded, and obtained. You may perform with respect to the molded object obtained. However, if the molded body is subjected to an ion exchange treatment without firing, the molded body is likely to collapse and pulverize, so the powdered organic template-containing zeolite can be subjected to an ion exchange treatment. preferable.
- the ion exchange treatment is preferably performed by an ordinary method, that is, a method of immersing zeolite containing an organic template in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons, preferably an aqueous solution, and stirring or flowing the zeolite. Moreover, it is preferable to perform said stirring or a flow under a heating in order to improve the efficiency of ion exchange.
- a method of heating the aqueous solution and performing ion exchange under boiling and reflux is particularly preferable.
- the solution it is preferable to exchange the solution once or twice or more during the ion exchange of the zeolite with the solution, and exchange the solution once or twice. It is more preferable.
- the organic template-containing zeolite is immersed in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons and heated to reflux for 1 to 6 hours. By heating and refluxing for ⁇ 12 hours, the ion exchange efficiency can be increased.
- a support precursor is obtained by heating a mixture containing ion-exchanged zeolite and a binder at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the mixture containing the ion exchange zeolite and the binder is preferably a mixture of the ion exchange zeolite obtained by the above method and an inorganic oxide as a binder and molding the resulting composition.
- the purpose of blending the inorganic oxide with the ion-exchanged zeolite is to improve the mechanical strength of the carrier (particularly, the particulate carrier) obtained by firing the molded body to such an extent that it can be practically used.
- the inventor has found that the choice of the inorganic oxide species affects the isomerization selectivity of the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- the inorganic oxide is at least one selected from a composite oxide composed of alumina, silica, titania, boria, zirconia, magnesia, ceria, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxide, and combinations of two or more thereof.
- Inorganic oxides are used.
- silica and alumina are preferable and alumina is more preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the isomerization selectivity of the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- the “composite oxide composed of a combination of two or more of these” is composed of at least two components of alumina, silica, titania, boria, zirconia, magnesia, ceria, zinc oxide, and phosphorus oxide.
- the composite oxide is preferably a composite oxide mainly composed of alumina containing 50% by mass or more of an alumina component based on the composite oxide, and more preferably alumina-silica.
- the mixing ratio of the ion exchange zeolite and the inorganic oxide in the above composition is preferably 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 30:70 to 85 as a ratio of the mass of the ion exchange zeolite to the mass of the inorganic oxide. : 15.
- this ratio is smaller than 10:90, it is not preferable because the activity of the hydroisomerization catalyst tends to be insufficient.
- the ratio exceeds 90:10, the mechanical strength of the carrier obtained by molding and baking the composition tends to be insufficient, which is not preferable.
- the method of blending the above-mentioned inorganic oxide with the ion-exchanged zeolite is not particularly limited.
- a suitable amount of liquid such as water
- a suitable amount of liquid such as water
- the method performed can be adopted.
- the composition containing the ion-exchanged zeolite and the inorganic oxide or the viscous fluid containing the composition is molded by a method such as extrusion molding, and preferably dried to form a particulate molded body.
- the shape of the molded body is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape, a pellet shape, a spherical shape, and a modified cylindrical shape having a trefoil / four-leaf cross section.
- the size of the molded body is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ease of handling, packing density in the reactor, etc., for example, the major axis is preferably about 1 to 30 mm and the minor axis is about 1 to 20 mm.
- the molded body obtained as described above is preferably heated to a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. in a N 2 atmosphere to form a carrier precursor.
- the heating time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours, and more preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- the heating temperature when the heating temperature is lower than 250 ° C., a large amount of the organic template remains, and the zeolite pores are blocked by the remaining template. It is considered that the isomerization active site is present near the pore pore mouse. In the above case, the reaction substrate cannot diffuse into the pore due to the clogging of the pore, and the active site is covered and the isomerization reaction does not proceed easily. The conversion rate of normal paraffin tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, when the heating temperature exceeds 350 ° C., the isomerization selectivity of the resulting hydroisomerization catalyst is not sufficiently improved.
- the lower limit temperature when the molded body is heated to form a carrier precursor is preferably 280 ° C or higher.
- the upper limit temperature is preferably 330 ° C. or lower.
- the amount of carbon in the hydroisomerization catalyst obtained through calcination after metal loading described later is 0.4 to 3.5% by mass, preferably 0.4 to 3.0% by mass, more preferably Is 0.4 to 2.5% by mass
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the catalyst is 0.02 to 0.12 cc / g
- the micropore per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst is It is preferable to set the heating conditions so that the pore volume is 0.01 to 0.12 cc / g.
- a catalyst precursor in which a platinum salt and / or palladium salt is contained in the carrier precursor is heated to 350 to 400 ° C., preferably 380 to 400 ° C., more preferably 400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen.
- a hydroisomerization catalyst in which platinum and / or palladium is supported on a support containing zeolite is obtained.
- under an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen means that the gas is in contact with a gas containing oxygen gas, preferably air.
- the firing time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours, and more preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- platinum salts include chloroplatinic acid, tetraamminedinitroplatinum, dinitroaminoplatinum, and tetraamminedichloroplatinum. Since the chloride salt generates hydrochloric acid during the reaction and may corrode the equipment, tetraamminedinitroplatinum, which is a platinum salt in which platinum is highly dispersed other than the chloride salt, is preferable.
- the palladium salt examples include palladium chloride, tetraamminepalladium nitrate, and diaminopalladium nitrate. Since the chloride salt generates hydrochloric acid during the reaction and may corrode the equipment, tetraamminepalladium nitrate, which is a palladium salt in which palladium is highly dispersed other than the chloride salt, is preferable.
- the amount of active metal supported on the support containing zeolite according to the present embodiment is preferably 0.001 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass based on the mass of the support.
- the supported amount is less than 0.001% by mass, it is difficult to provide a predetermined hydrogenation / dehydrogenation function.
- the supported amount exceeds 20% by mass, lightening by decomposition of hydrocarbons on the active metal tends to proceed, and the yield of the target fraction tends to decrease, This is not preferable because the catalyst cost tends to increase.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst according to the present embodiment is used for hydroisomerization of a hydrocarbon oil containing a large amount of sulfur-containing compounds and / or nitrogen-containing compounds, from the viewpoint of sustainability of the catalyst activity, as an active metal It is preferable to include a combination of nickel-cobalt, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum-cobalt, nickel-tungsten-cobalt, and the like.
- the amount of these metals supported is preferably 0.001 to 50 mass%, more preferably 0.01 to 30 mass%, based on the mass of the carrier.
- the catalyst precursor is preferably calcined so that the organic template left on the carrier precursor remains.
- the amount of carbon in the resulting hydroisomerization catalyst is 0.4 to 3.5% by mass, preferably 0.4 to 3.0% by mass, more preferably 0.4 to 2.5% by mass. %
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the catalyst is 0.02 to 0.12 cc / g
- the micropore volume per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst is 0.01 to 0 It is preferable to set the heating conditions to be .12 cc / g.
- the amount of carbon in the hydroisomerization catalyst is measured by combustion in an oxygen stream-infrared absorption method.
- carbon dioxide gas is generated by combustion of the catalyst in an oxygen stream, and the amount of carbon is quantified based on the amount of infrared absorption of the carbon dioxide gas.
- a carbon / sulfur analyzer for example, EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst is calculated by a method called nitrogen adsorption measurement. That is, for the catalyst, the physical adsorption / desorption isotherm of nitrogen measured at the liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) is analyzed. Specifically, the adsorption isotherm of nitrogen measured at the liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) The micropore volume per unit mass of the catalyst is calculated by analyzing by the ⁇ plot method. The micropore volume per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst is also calculated by the above nitrogen adsorption measurement.
- Micropore volume V Z per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst for example, if the binder does not have a micropore volume, the value of the micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst It can be calculated according to the following formula from V c and the content ratio M z (mass%) of the zeolite in the catalyst.
- V Z V c / M z ⁇ 100
- the hydroisomerization catalyst according to the present invention is preferably a catalyst that has been subjected to a reduction treatment after being charged in a reactor that preferably performs a hydroisomerization reaction following the above-described calcination treatment.
- reduction treatment is performed for about 0.5 to 5 hours in an atmosphere containing molecular hydrogen, preferably in a hydrogen gas flow, preferably at 250 to 500 ° C., more preferably at 300 to 400 ° C. It is preferable that By such a process, the high activity with respect to dewaxing of hydrocarbon oil can be more reliably imparted to the catalyst.
- Another embodiment of the hydroisomerization catalyst according to the present invention comprises: a support having a zeolite having a 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure and a binder; and platinum and / or palladium supported on the support.
- the amount of carbon in the catalyst is 0.4 to 3.5% by mass, preferably 0.4 to 3.0% by mass, more preferably 0.4 to 2.5% by mass, and the unit mass of the catalyst
- the zeolite is derived from an ion exchange zeolite obtained by ion exchange in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons, and the micropore volume per unit mass of the zeolite contained in the catalyst is A .01 ⁇ 0.12cc / g.
- Said hydroisomerization catalyst can be manufactured by the method mentioned above.
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the catalyst and the micropore volume per unit mass of the zeolite contained in the catalyst are the blending amount of the ion exchange zeolite in the mixture containing the ion exchange zeolite and the binder, and the N of the mixture.
- the heating conditions under the two atmospheres and the heating conditions under the atmosphere containing the molecular oxygen of the catalyst precursor can be appropriately adjusted to be within the above range.
- the to-be-processed object obtained by the hydrorefining process of the 1st process contains the normal paraffin which has 10 or more carbon atoms.
- an object to be treated may be brought into contact with the hydroisomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst By contact with the hydroisomerization catalyst, a part or all of the object to be treated containing normal paraffin is converted into isoparaffin.
- the isomerization of hydrocarbon oil refers to a reaction in which only the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon oil is changed without changing the carbon number (molecular weight).
- Decomposition of hydrocarbon oil refers to a reaction accompanied by a decrease in the carbon number (molecular weight) of hydrocarbon oil.
- the carbon number (molecular weight) of the product of the decomposition reaction falls within a predetermined range that allows the target base oil to be constituted. That is, the decomposition product may be a constituent component of the base oil.
- reaction conditions for the hydroisomerization treatment in the second step are as follows.
- the second step it is preferable to perform hydroisomerization treatment on the fraction to be treated of which the boiling point under atmospheric pressure exceeds 360 ° C.
- the temperature of the hydroisomerization reaction is preferably 200 to 450 ° C., more preferably 220 to 400 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is lower than 200 ° C.
- isomerization of normal paraffin contained in the material to be treated after hydrorefining treatment is difficult to proceed, and the reduction and removal of wax components tend to be insufficient.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 450 ° C., the decomposition of the object to be treated becomes remarkable, and the yield of the target hydrocarbon tends to decrease.
- the pressure in the reaction field (inside the reaction apparatus) of the hydroisomerization reaction is preferably 0.1 to 20 MPa, and more preferably 0.5 to 15 MPa.
- the reaction pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, the deterioration of the catalyst due to coke generation tends to be accelerated.
- the reaction pressure exceeds 20 MPa, pressure resistance is required for the reaction apparatus, so that the cost for constructing the apparatus becomes high and it is difficult to realize an economical process.
- Liquid hourly space velocity of the object in the hydroisomerization reaction is preferably 0.1 ⁇ 10h -1, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ 5h -1.
- the liquid space velocity is less than 0.1 h ⁇ 1 , the decomposition of the object to be processed tends to proceed excessively, and the production efficiency (yield) of the target base oil for lubricating oil tends to be reduced.
- the liquid space velocity exceeds 10 h ⁇ 1 , isomerization of normal paraffin contained in the object to be processed is difficult to proceed, and the wax component tends to be insufficiently reduced and removed.
- the supply ratio of hydrogen to the object to be processed is preferably 100 to 2000 Nm 3 / m 3 , and more preferably 200 to 1500 Nm 3 / m 3 .
- the supply ratio is less than 100 Nm 3 / m 3 and the object to be treated contains, for example, sulfur or a nitrogen compound, hydrosulfurization combined with isomerization reaction, hydrogen sulfide generated by hydrodenitrogenation reaction, ammonia gas, It is poisoned by adsorption to the active metal on the catalyst. Further, the hydrogenation of impurities such as a small amount of olefin produced by the side reaction becomes insufficient, and there is a risk of deactivation of the catalyst due to coking. Therefore, it tends to be difficult to obtain predetermined catalyst performance.
- the supply ratio exceeds 2000 Nm 3 / m 3 , a high-capacity hydrogen supply facility is required, so that an economical process tends to be difficult to realize.
- the conversion rate of normal paraffin by hydroisomerization reaction is freely controlled by adjusting reaction conditions such as reaction temperature according to the use of the obtained hydrocarbon.
- normal paraffin isomerization ie, dewaxing
- the base oil for lubricating oil whose fraction whose boiling point of atmospheric pressure conversion exceeds 360 degreeC is 90 volume% or more can be obtained with a high yield.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst is prepared by treating a material containing normal paraffin having 10 or more carbon atoms in the presence of hydrogen under conditions where the conversion rate of normal paraffin is substantially 100% by mass. It is preferable to make it contact.
- “the conversion is substantially 100% by mass” means that the content of normal paraffin contained in the object to be treated after contacting the catalyst is 0.1% by mass or less. .
- R is the conversion rate of normal paraffin (unit: mass%).
- M1 is the total mass of normal paraffin having a carbon number of Cn or more, which is contained in the object to be processed after contacting the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- M2 is the total mass of normal paraffin having a carbon number of Cn or more, which is contained in the object to be treated before coming into contact with the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- Cn is the minimum number of carbon atoms in the normal paraffin having 10 or more carbon atoms contained in the object to be treated before contacting the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- Group III viscosity index of 120 or more, saturated content of 90% by mass or more, and sulfur content of 0.03% by mass or less according to classification of lubricating oil grades of the American Petroleum Institute (API).
- API American Petroleum Institute
- Group III + viscosity index of 140 or more, saturated content of 90% by mass or more, and sulfur content of 0.03% by mass or less
- the conversion rate of normal paraffin needs to be substantially 100%.
- a base oil having a high content of isomers having a branched chain structure can be obtained.
- a high-quality base oil for lubricating oil is required to have a normal paraffin content of 0.1% by mass or less.
- the base oil for lubricating oil satisfying this required level is required. Oil can be obtained in high yield.
- the reaction equipment for carrying out the first step (hydrorefining treatment) and the reaction equipment for carrying out the second step (hydroisomerization treatment) are not particularly limited.
- a well-known thing can be used as each equipment.
- Each facility may be a continuous flow type, a batch type, or a semi-batch type, but is preferably a continuous flow type from the viewpoint of productivity and efficiency.
- the catalyst layer of each facility may be any of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a stirring bed, but is preferably a fixed bed from the viewpoint of facility costs.
- the reaction phase is preferably a gas-liquid mixed phase.
- This embodiment may include a step of performing hydrofinishing on the product oil obtained by the hydroisomerization treatment.
- hydrofinishing the product oil is contacted with a metal-supported hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- the hydrogenation catalyst include alumina on which platinum and / or palladium is supported.
- Hydrofinishing may be performed in a reaction facility separate from the dewaxing step.
- the base oil may be purified by performing vacuum distillation on the product oil obtained by the hydrofinishing.
- the product oil obtained by hydrofinishing may be separated into a fraction having a boiling point of 360 ° C. or lower under atmospheric pressure and a fraction having a boiling point of higher than 360 ° C. under atmospheric pressure.
- you may distill under reduced pressure with respect to the fraction whose boiling point under atmospheric pressure exceeds 360 degreeC.
- the viscosity index exceeds 100
- the saturated hydrocarbon content is 90% by mass or more
- the sulfur compound content is 10 mass ppm or less
- the nitrogen compound content is It is possible to produce a base oil for lubricating oil that is 5 ppm by mass or less in a high yield.
- This cake-like slurry was transferred to a container equipped with a reflux condenser, 150 ml of distilled water and 10 g of a 27% by mass aqueous ammonia solution were added to the container, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 75 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the slurry was put into a kneading apparatus and kneaded while removing water by heating to 80 ° C. or higher to obtain a clay-like kneaded product. The obtained kneaded product was extruded into a shape of a cylinder having a diameter of 1.5 mm by an extrusion molding machine, dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour, and then fired at 550 ° C. to obtain a molded carrier.
- the carrier composition was alumina (Al 2 O 3 ): 92 mass%, silica (SiO 2 ): 5 mass%, and P 2 O 5 : 3 mass%.
- the content of molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) was 22% by mass with respect to the total amount of the catalyst.
- the content of nickel oxide (NiO) was 4% by mass with respect to the total amount of the catalyst.
- the content of P 2 O 5 was 2 wt% relative to total catalyst.
- ZSM-22 zeolite containing organic template A ZSM-22 zeolite containing an organic template and having a Si / Al molar ratio of 45 and consisting of crystalline aluminosilicate was synthesized by the following procedure.
- ZSM-22 zeolite is referred to as “ZSM-22”.
- Solution A 1.94 g of potassium hydroxide dissolved in 6.75 mL of ion exchange water.
- Solution B 1.33 g of aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate dissolved in 5 mL of ion exchange water.
- Solution C 4.18 g of 1,6-hexanediamine (organic template) diluted with 32.5 mL of ion exchange water.
- Solution D A solution obtained by diluting 18 g of colloidal silica with 31 mL of ion-exchanged water. As colloidal silica, Ludox AS-40 manufactured by Grace Davison was used.
- solution A was added to solution B and stirred until the aluminum component was completely dissolved.
- solution C was added to this mixed solution.
- the mixture of the solutions A, B and C was poured into the solution D with vigorous stirring at room temperature.
- 0.25 g of ZSM-22 powder synthesized separately and not subjected to any special treatment after the synthesis was added as a “seed crystal” to promote crystallization, thereby obtaining a gel-like product.
- the gel-like substance obtained by the above operation was transferred to a stainless steel autoclave reactor having an internal volume of 120 mL, and the autoclave reactor was rotated on a tumbling device in a heated oven to perform a hydrothermal synthesis reaction.
- the temperature in the oven was 150 ° C.
- the hydrothermal synthesis reaction was performed for 60 hours.
- the rotation speed of the autoclave reactor was about 60 rpm.
- the reactor was cooled and opened, and dried overnight in a dryer at 60 ° C. to obtain ZSM-22 having a Si / Al ratio of 45.
- ZSM-22 was placed in a flask, 100 mL of 0.5N ammonium chloride aqueous solution per 1 g of ZSM-22 zeolite was added, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 6 hours. After cooling this to room temperature, the supernatant was removed and the crystalline aluminosilicate was washed with ion-exchanged water. To this, the same amount of 0.5N ammonium chloride aqueous solution as above was added again and refluxed with heating for 12 hours.
- the obtained viscous fluid was filled into an extrusion molding machine and molded to obtain a cylindrical molded body having a diameter of about 1.6 mm and a length of about 10 mm. This molded body was heated at 300 ° C. for 3 hours under an N 2 atmosphere to obtain a carrier precursor.
- Hydroisomerization catalyst E-1 was obtained.
- the amount of carbon was measured by combustion in an oxygen stream-infrared absorption method.
- EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba Seisakusho was used.
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the resulting hydroisomerization catalyst E-1 was calculated by the following method. First, in order to remove water adsorbed on the hydroisomerization catalyst, pretreatment was performed to evacuate at 150 ° C. for 5 hours. The pretreatment hydroisomerization catalyst was subjected to nitrogen adsorption measurement at a liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) using BELSORP-max manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd. The measured nitrogen adsorption isotherm was analyzed by the t-plot method, and the micropore volume (cc / g) per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst was calculated. The micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst was 0.055 (cc / g).
- micropore volume V Z V c / M z ⁇ 100.
- V c represents the micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst
- M z represents the content (mass%) of zeolite in the catalyst.
- Micropore volume V Z was 0.079 (cc / g).
- Example 1 As a petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil (petroleum fraction), a vacuum gas oil of Middle Eastern crude oil having a boiling point range of 380 to 450 ° C. was prepared. The sulfur content in the vacuum gas oil was 2.3% by mass. A raw material oil was prepared by mixing FT synthetic oil having a boiling point range of 380 to 450 ° C. with this vacuum gas oil. The content Vp of the vacuum gas oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 80% by volume, and the content Vf of the FT synthetic oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 20% by volume.
- the raw material oil was brought into contact with the above-described hydrorefining treatment catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to perform a hydrorefining treatment (first step) to obtain an object to be treated.
- the hydrogen partial pressure in the hydrorefining reactor was adjusted to 15 MPa.
- the liquid space velocity of the raw material oil introduced into the reactor was adjusted to 1.0 h ⁇ 1 .
- the hydrogen / oil ratio was calcined to 600 Nm 3 / m 3 .
- the reaction temperature for hydrorefining was adjusted to 330 ° C.
- the hydrotreating material was separated into hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, water, light hydrocarbons, and heavy product oil.
- the hydroisomerization treatment (second step) was performed by bringing the heavy product oil into contact with the catalyst E-1 in the presence of hydrogen.
- the pressure in the hydroisomerization reactor was adjusted to 11 MPa.
- the liquid space velocity of the heavy product oil introduced into the reactor was adjusted to 1.5 h ⁇ 1 .
- the hydrogen / oil ratio was adjusted to 600 Nm 3 / m 3 .
- the reaction temperature for hydroisomerization was adjusted to 325 ° C.
- the product oil obtained by the hydroisomerization treatment was hydrorefined (hydrofinishing step).
- the above hydrogenation catalyst was used in the hydrorefining.
- the reaction temperature for hydrorefining was adjusted to 320 ° C.
- the hydrogen partial pressure in hydrorefining was adjusted to 11 MPa.
- the liquid space velocity of the product oil in hydrorefining was adjusted to 1.5 h ⁇ 1 .
- the hydrogen / oil ratio in hydrorefining was adjusted to 500 Nm 3 / m 3 .
- Example 1 in which the boiling point is in the range of 380 to 450 ° C. by further subjecting the product oil obtained in the hydrofinishing step to distillation under reduced pressure and removing the fraction boiling at a temperature lower than 380 ° C. from the product oil.
- a base oil for lubricating oil was obtained. Yield Y of the base oil for lubricating oil was 89.5% by volume.
- the viscosity index VI of the base oil for lubricating oil was 107.
- the pour point of the base oil for lubricating oil was -15.0 ° C.
- the sulfur content in the base oil for lubricating oil was 5 mass ppm.
- the yield Y (V L / V R ) ⁇ 100 (II)
- VL is the volume of the fraction (base oil for lubricating oil) whose boiling range is the same as that of the raw material oil in the product oil obtained by the hydroisomerization treatment.
- V R is the volume of the feedstock, is the sum of the volume of petroleum derived hydrocarbon oil (vacuum gas oil) and FT synthetic oil. Both the range of the boiling point of the base oil for lubricating oil of Example 1 and the range of the boiling point of the raw material oil are 380 to 450 ° C.
- Example 2 As a petroleum-derived hydrocarbon oil, a vacuum gas oil of Middle Eastern crude oil having a boiling point range of 470 to 550 ° C. was prepared. A raw material oil was prepared by mixing FT synthetic oil having a boiling point range of 470 to 550 ° C. with this vacuum gas oil. The content Vp of the vacuum gas oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 75% by volume, and the content Vf of the FT synthetic oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 25% by volume.
- Example 2 the reaction temperature of hydrorefining was adjusted to 340 ° C. In Example 2, the hydroisomerization reaction temperature was adjusted to 335 ° C.
- Example 2 Except for the above, the hydrorefining treatment and hydroisomerization treatment of Example 2 were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the product oil of Example 2 obtained by the hydroisomerization treatment and the subsequent hydrofinishing step is subjected to vacuum distillation, and a fraction boiling at a temperature lower than 470 ° C. is removed from the product oil.
- the base oil for Example 2 lubricating oil which is in the range of 550 ° C. was obtained.
- the yield Y of the base oil for lubricating oil of Example 2 was 82.1% by volume.
- the viscosity index VI of the base oil for lubricating oil was 115.
- the pour point of the base oil for lubricating oil was ⁇ 12.5 ° C.
- the sulfur content in the base oil for lubricating oil was 7 mass ppm.
- Example 3 the content rate Vp of the vacuum gas oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 90% by volume, and the content rate Vf of the FT synthetic oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 10% by volume.
- Example 4 the content Vp of the vacuum gas oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 60% by volume, and the content Vf of the FT synthetic oil in the raw material oil was adjusted to 40% by volume.
- Comparative Example 1 the vacuum gas oil content Vp in the feed oil was adjusted to 50% by volume, and the FT synthetic oil content Vf in the feed oil was adjusted to 50% by volume.
- Example 1 shows the yield Y, viscosity index VI, and pour point of each of the lubricating base oils of Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 1.
- the content rate of the sulfur content in the base oil for lubricating oil of Example 3 was 6 mass ppm.
- the sulfur content in the lubricating base oil of Example 4 was 4 ppm by mass.
- the sulfur content in the base oil for lubricating oil of Comparative Example 1 was 3 mass ppm.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, only the vacuum gas oil was used as the raw material oil without using the FT synthetic oil. That is, the lubricating base oil of Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw material oils were different. Table 1 shows the yield Y, viscosity index VI, and pour point of the base oil for lubricating oil of Comparative Example 2. In addition, the content rate of the sulfur content in the base oil for lubricating oil of the comparative example 1 was 7 mass ppm.
- Comparative Example 3 the same vacuum gas oil and FT synthetic oil as in Example 1 were used. However, before preparing the raw material oil, the aromatic hydrocarbon in the vacuum gas oil was extracted with furfural and removed from the vacuum gas oil. That is, in Comparative Example 3, aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted with furfural instead of hydrotreating.
- the raw material oil of the comparative example 3 was prepared by mixing FT synthetic oil with the vacuum gas oil from which the aromatic hydrocarbon was removed. The ratio of the volume of the vacuum gas oil before the aromatic hydrocarbon was removed and the volume of the FT synthetic oil used for the preparation of the feedstock was adjusted to 80:20.
- the wax component contained in the raw material oil of Comparative Example 3 was extracted with a mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene to remove the wax component from the raw material oil. That is, in Comparative Example 3, the wax component was extracted with a mixed solvent instead of the hydroisomerization treatment.
- the lubricating base oil of Comparative Example 3 was obtained by the above method.
- Table 1 shows the yield Y, viscosity index VI, and pour point of the base oil for lubricating oil of Comparative Example 3.
- the content rate of the sulfur content in the base oil for lubricating oil of the comparative example 3 was 0.34 mass%.
- the yield Y of the lubricating base oil is preferably 80% by volume.
- the viscosity index VI of the lubricating base oil is preferably 100 or more.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態に係る潤滑油用基油の製造方法は、原料油に対して水素化精製処理を行い、被処理物を得る第1工程と、被処理物に対して水素化異性化触媒を用いた水素化異性化処理(異性化脱蝋)を行う第2工程と、を備える。原料油は、石油由来炭化水素油と、フィッシャー・トロプシュ反応によって合成される合成油と、を含む。以下、フィッシャー・トロプシュ反応によって合成される合成油を「FT合成油」と記す。FT合成油が含むワックス成分を、「FTワックス」と記す。
原料油は、石油由来炭化水素油とFT合成油とを混合することによって調製される。石油由来炭化水素油及びFT合成油を完全に溶融させた状態で混合することが好ましい。
なお、減圧軽油とは、原油の減圧蒸留装置から得られる留出油であり、沸点範囲が350~550℃程度である炭化水素油である。減圧残油とは、原油の減圧蒸留装置から得られる留出油であり、沸点範囲が550℃以上である炭化水素油である。
CH4+H2O→CO+3H2 (1)
CH4+CO2→2CO+2H2 (2)
(2n+1)H2+nCO→CnH2n+2+nH2O (3)
第1工程における水素化精製処理では、水素の存在下で原料を水素化精製処理用触媒に接触させればよい。水素化精製処理では、原料油の水素化だけではなく、ワックス成分の水素化分解、水素化異性化、水素化脱硫及び水素化脱窒素等の反応が進行してもよい。
第2工程に用いる水素化異性化触媒は、特定の方法によって製造されることでその特徴が付与される。以下、水素化異性化触媒について、その好ましい製造の態様に沿って説明する。本実施形態によれば、特に下記の水素化異性化触媒を用いることにより、粘度指数の高い潤滑油用基油を高い収率で得易くなる。
VZ=Vc/Mz×100
R=(1-M1/M2)×100 (I)
アルミン酸ナトリウムを5質量%含有するアルミン酸ナトリウム水溶液3000gに水ガラス3号18.0gを加え、65℃に保温した容器に入れた(これを溶液aとする)。これとは別に、65℃に保温した別の容器に、硫酸アルミニウムを2.5質量%含有する硫酸アルミニウム水溶液3000gにリン酸(濃度:85質量%)6.0gを加えて溶液を調製し、これに前述の溶液aを滴下して混合溶液を調製した。混合溶液のpHが7.0になる時点を終点とし、スラリー状の生成物を得た。この生成物をフィルターで濾過して固形物を濾取し、ケーキ状のスラリーを得た。
<有機テンプレートを含有するZSM-22ゼオライトの合成>
有機テンプレートを含有し、Si/Alのモル比が45であり、結晶性アルミノシリケートからなるZSM-22ゼオライトを、以下の手順で合成した。以下では、ZSM-22ゼオライトを「ZSM-22」と記す。
溶液A: 1.94gの水酸化カリウムを6.75mLのイオン交換水に溶解したもの。
溶液B: 1.33gの硫酸アルミニウム18水塩を5mLのイオン交換水に溶解したもの。
溶液C: 4.18gの1,6-ヘキサンジアミン(有機テンプレート)を32.5mLのイオン交換水にて希釈したもの。
溶液D: 18gのコロイダルシリカを31mLのイオン交換水にて希釈したもの。コロイダルシリカとしては、Grace Davison社製Ludox AS-40を用いた。
この混合溶液に溶液Cを加えた後、室温にて激しく攪拌しながら、溶液A、B、Cの混合物を溶液Dに注入した。更に、ここへ結晶化を促進する「種結晶」として、別途合成され、合成後に何ら特別な処理が行われていないZSM-22の粉末を0.25g添加し、ゲル状物を得た。
以下の操作により、アンモニウムイオンを含む水溶液で上記ZSM-22のイオン交換処理を行った。
上記で得たNH4型ZSM-22と、バインダーであるアルミナとを質量比7:3にて混合し、ここに少量のイオン交換水を添加して混錬した。得られた粘ちょうな流体を押出成型機に充填、成型し、直径約1.6mm、長さ約10mmの円筒状の成型体を得た。この成型体を、N2雰囲気下、300℃にて3時間加熱して、担体前駆体を得た。
テトラアンミンジニトロ白金[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2、およびテトラアンミンジニトロパラジウム[Pd(NH3)4](NO3)2を、あらかじめ測定した担体前駆体の吸水量に相当するイオン交換水に溶解して含浸溶液を得た。この溶液を、上記の担体前駆体に初期湿潤法により含浸し、ZSM-22ゼオライトの質量に対して、0.3質量部の白金を担体前駆体に担持した。次に、得られた含浸物(触媒前駆体)を60℃の乾燥中で一晩乾燥した後、空気流通下、400℃で3時間焼成して、カーボン量が0.56質量%である水素化異性化触媒E-1を得た。なお、カーボン量は酸素気流中燃焼―赤外線吸収法で測定した。測定には、堀場製作所製 EMIA-920Vを使用した。
市販のアモルファスシリカ・アルミナ担体を1/16シリンダー型に押し出し成型し、これを空気流通下550℃で3時間焼成して、触媒担体を得た。得られた担体(100質量部)に活性金属として白金(0.2質量部)及びパラジウム(0.3質量部)を含浸担持した後、担体を空気流通下550℃で3時間焼成することで、水素化仕上げ工程に用いる水素化触媒を得た。
石油由来炭化水素油(石油留分)として、沸点の範囲が380~450℃である中東産原油の減圧軽油を準備した。減圧軽油中の硫黄分の含有率は2.3質量%であった。この減圧軽油に、沸点の範囲が380~450℃であるFT合成油を混合することにより、原料油を調製した。原料油における減圧軽油の含有率Vpを80容量%に調整し、原料油におけるFT合成油の含有率Vfを20容量%に調整した。
Y=(VL/VR)×100 (II)
式(II)中、VLは、水素化異性化処理によって得た生成油のうち、沸点の範囲が原料油と同じである留分(潤滑油用基油)の体積である。VRは、原料油の体積であり、石油由来炭化水素油(減圧軽油)及びFT合成油の体積の合計値である。実施例1の潤滑油用基油の沸点の範囲及び原料油の沸点の範囲は、ともに380~450℃である。
石油由来炭化水素油として、沸点の範囲が470~550℃である中東産原油の減圧軽油を準備した。この減圧軽油に、沸点の範囲が470~550℃であるFT合成油を混合することにより、原料油を調製した。原料油における減圧軽油の含有率Vpを75容量%に調整し、原料油におけるFT合成油の含有率Vfを25容量%に調整した。
実施例3では、原料油における減圧軽油の含有率Vpを90容量%に調整し、原料油におけるFT合成油の含有率Vfを10容量%に調整した。実施例4では、原料油における減圧軽油の含有率Vpを60容量%に調整し、原料油におけるFT合成油の含有率Vfを40容量%に調整した。比較例1では、原料油における減圧軽油の含有率Vpを50容量%に調整し、原料油におけるFT合成油の含有率Vfを50容量%に調整した。
比較例2では、原料油として、FT合成油を用いず、減圧軽油のみを用いた。つまり、原料油が異なること以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、比較例2の潤滑油用基油を得た。比較例2の潤滑油用基油の収率Y、粘度指数VI及び流動点を表1に示す。なお、比較例1の潤滑油用基油中の硫黄分の含有率は7質量ppmであった。
比較例3の潤滑油用基油の製造では、水素化精製処理(第1工程)及び水素化異性化処理(第2工程)のいずれも実施しなかった。
Claims (10)
- 原料油に対して水素化精製処理を行い、被処理物を得る第1工程と、
前記被処理物に対して水素化異性化触媒を用いた水素化異性化処理を行う第2工程と、
を備え、
前記原料油が、石油由来炭化水素油と、フィッシャー・トロプシュ反応によって合成される合成油と、を含み、
前記原料油における前記石油由来炭化水素油の含有率が60~90容量%であり、
前記原料油における前記合成油の含有率が10~40容量%である、
潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記水素化異性化触媒はゼオライトを含有し、
前記ゼオライトは、有機テンプレートを含有し、10員環を含む一次元状細孔構造を有する、
請求項1に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記ゼオライトが、ZSM-22ゼオライト、ZSM-23ゼオライト、SSZ-32ゼオライト及びZSM-48ゼオライトからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である、
請求項2に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記被処理物は、炭素数が10以上であるノルマルパラフィンを含有し、
前記第2工程において、水素の存在下で前記被処理物を前記水素化異性化触媒に接触させる、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程で得た前記被処理物における硫黄化合物の濃度が100質量ppm以下であり、
前記第1工程で得た前記被処理物における窒素化合物の濃度が10質量ppm以下である、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 第1工程後、前記水素化精製処理を行った反応器内の圧力を水素化精製処理時の圧力以下に調整した状態で、前記反応器内の前記被処理物からガス状物質を除去した後、前記第2工程を実施する、
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記第2工程において、前記被処理物のうち大気圧下での沸点が360℃を超える留分に対して、前記水素化異性化処理を行う、
請求項1~6のいずか一項に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記水素化異性化処理によって得た生成油に対して水素化仕上げを行う工程を備える、
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記水素化仕上げによって得た生成油を、大気圧下での沸点が360℃以下である留分と、大気圧下での沸点が360℃を超える留分と、に分離する工程を備える、
請求項8に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。 - 前記水素化仕上げによって得た生成油のうち前記大気圧下での沸点が360℃を超える留分に対して減圧蒸留を行うことによって、前記大気圧下での沸点が360℃を超える留分を2つ以上の留分に分離する工程を備える、
請求項9に記載の潤滑油用基油の製造方法。
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| US20220306482A1 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Molecular sieve ssz-94, catalyst, and methods of use thereof |
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| US11421170B2 (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2022-08-23 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Mineral base oil, molded article, and method for producing mineral base oil |
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| JPH11181448A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-06 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho Kk | 軽質炭化水素油の異性化方法 |
| JPH11269470A (ja) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-10-05 | Schuemann Sasol South Africa Pty Ltd | 含ロウ生成物の製造法 |
| JP2011068728A (ja) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-04-07 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | 炭化水素油及び潤滑油基油の製造方法 |
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| JP2967119B2 (ja) | 1992-01-08 | 1999-10-25 | 日石三菱精製株式会社 | 潤滑油製造方法 |
| US6822126B2 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2004-11-23 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for converting waste plastic into lubricating oils |
| US6774272B2 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2004-08-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for converting heavy Fischer Tropsch waxy feeds blended with a waste plastic feedstream into high VI lube oils |
| RU2383582C2 (ru) * | 2004-02-26 | 2010-03-10 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ получения смазочного базового масла |
| JP2008525551A (ja) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-07-17 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 潤滑基油の製造方法 |
| US20090159492A1 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2009-06-25 | Etienne Duhoux | Process to prepare a lubricating base oil and its use |
| CN101760236B (zh) * | 2008-12-23 | 2014-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种润滑油基础油的生产方法 |
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- 2013-03-29 CN CN201380018232.3A patent/CN104245896B/zh active Active
- 2013-03-29 KR KR1020147027700A patent/KR101681527B1/ko active Active
- 2013-03-29 MY MYPI2014702733A patent/MY171455A/en unknown
- 2013-03-29 WO PCT/JP2013/059580 patent/WO2013147179A1/ja not_active Ceased
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11269470A (ja) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-10-05 | Schuemann Sasol South Africa Pty Ltd | 含ロウ生成物の製造法 |
| JPH11181448A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-06 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho Kk | 軽質炭化水素油の異性化方法 |
| JP2011068728A (ja) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-04-07 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | 炭化水素油及び潤滑油基油の製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20220306482A1 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Molecular sieve ssz-94, catalyst, and methods of use thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104245896B (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
| ZA201406811B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| JP6009196B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
| MY171455A (en) | 2019-10-15 |
| JP2013209595A (ja) | 2013-10-10 |
| KR20140141627A (ko) | 2014-12-10 |
| CN104245896A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
| KR101681527B1 (ko) | 2016-12-01 |
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