WO2013146781A1 - NdFeB系焼結磁石 - Google Patents
NdFeB系焼結磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013146781A1 WO2013146781A1 PCT/JP2013/058777 JP2013058777W WO2013146781A1 WO 2013146781 A1 WO2013146781 A1 WO 2013146781A1 JP 2013058777 W JP2013058777 W JP 2013058777W WO 2013146781 A1 WO2013146781 A1 WO 2013146781A1
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 55
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAZKJZBWRNNLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ZAZKJZBWRNNLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a NdFeB based sintered magnet.
- the “NdFeB system” is not limited to those containing only Nd, Fe and B, but also includes those containing rare earth elements other than Nd and other elements such as Co, Ni, Cu, Al.
- NdFeB-based sintered magnets were discovered by Sagawa (the present inventors) in 1982, but have high magnetic properties far surpassing conventional permanent magnets, and Nd (a kind of rare earth) It can be produced from relatively abundant and inexpensive raw materials such as iron and boron. Therefore, it is used in various products such as motor-assisted bicycle motors, industrial motors, voice coil motors such as hard disks, high-class speakers, headphones, and permanent magnet magnetic resonance diagnostic apparatuses.
- NdFeB-based sintered magnets There are three known methods for producing NdFeB-based sintered magnets: a sintering method, a method of casting / hot working / aging treatment, and a method of die-upsetting a quenched alloy.
- a sintering method the manufacturing method which is excellent in magnetic characteristics and productivity and has been established industrially is a sintering method.
- the sintering method a dense and uniform fine structure required for the permanent magnet can be obtained.
- Dy and / or Tb (hereinafter, “Dy and / or Tb” is referred to as “R H ”) by coating or vapor deposition on the surface thereof.
- R H a NdFeB-based sintered magnet manufactured by a sintering method
- NdFeB-based sintered magnets demand for NdFeB-based sintered magnets is expected to increase in the future, such as permanent magnets for hybrid and electric vehicle motors due to their high magnetic properties.
- automobiles must be assumed to be used under severe loads, and their motors must also be guaranteed to operate in a high temperature environment (eg 180 ° C.).
- a high temperature environment eg 180 ° C.
- the magnetic force magnetization
- a phenomenon irreversible demagnetization
- the magnet generates heat due to the magnetic field from the armature, and the heat may cause a decrease in magnetization or irreversible demagnetization as described above.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an NdFeB-based sintered magnet that is less susceptible to irreversible demagnetization in a high temperature environment.
- the NdFeB-based sintered magnet according to the present invention made to solve the above problems is Dy and / or Tb was adhered to the surface of the base material produced by orienting and sintering the NdFeB-based alloy powder in a magnetic field, and diffused to the grain boundaries inside the base material by grain boundary diffusion treatment.
- An NdFeB-based sintered magnet having a squareness ratio of 95% or more.
- the squareness ratio referred to here is when the magnetization value corresponding to zero magnetic field is reduced by 10% in the JH (magnetization-magnetic field) curve crossing from the first quadrant to the second quadrant.
- This is a value defined by a value H k / H cJ obtained by dividing the absolute value H k of the magnetic field by the coercive force H cJ .
- a reverse magnetic field is applied from the current coil to the motor permanent magnet. Irreversible demagnetization occurs when a reverse magnetic field equal to or greater than the magnetic field corresponding to the inflection point C appearing in the second quadrant of the JH curve of the magnet is applied to the magnet.
- the higher the coercive force and the higher the squareness ratio the greater the magnetic field strength at the inflection point C. Therefore, irreversible demagnetization is less likely to occur as the coercive force and the squareness ratio increase.
- the coercive force decreases as the magnet temperature rises, generally, the higher the coercive force and squareness ratio at room temperature (room temperature), the higher the coercive force and squareness ratio at high temperatures. Therefore, if both the coercive force and the squareness ratio at normal temperature are increased, irreversible demagnetization is less likely to occur even when the temperature of the magnet increases.
- the coercivity of the NdFeB-based sintered magnet is increased by using the grain boundary diffusion method.
- a high squareness ratio could not be obtained with the NdFeB sintered magnet manufactured by the conventional grain boundary diffusion method.
- the squareness ratio of a NdFeB-based sintered magnet manufactured by a grain boundary diffusion method is 81.5-93.4%.
- the NdFeB-based sintered magnet according to the present invention a high coercive force is obtained by the grain boundary diffusion treatment, and since it has a high squareness ratio of 95% or more, irreversible demagnetization is less likely to occur compared to conventional NdFeB-based magnets. .
- the amount of RH added is adjusted so that the coercive force is 20 kOe or more, irreversible demagnetization does not occur even when exposed to the maximum operating temperature of 180 ° C. assumed in automobiles. Therefore, the high magnetic characteristics of the NdFeB-based sintered magnet can be exhibited as a magnet for a motor.
- the NdFeB-based sintered magnet according to the present invention suppresses the difference in the concentration of RH in the grain boundary, and a large number of crystal grains of the Nd 2 Fe 14 B-based cubic compound constituting the NdFeB-based sintered magnet (hereinafter, This is referred to as “main phase particles”) and can be obtained so as to be uniformly covered with a grain boundary phase mainly composed of a rare earth-rich phase. The reason will be described below.
- the grain boundary diffusion method diffuses RH only in the region very close to the grain boundary inside each main phase particle from the boundary (grain boundary) of each main phase particle constituting the NdFeB-based sintered magnet.
- the coercive force of each main phase particle is improved while suppressing a decrease in some magnetic properties such as the maximum energy product and the residual magnetic flux density (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- RH does not diffuse sufficiently at grain boundaries located far (deep) from the magnet surface, and from grain boundaries close to the magnet surface and the magnet surface. There was a large difference in the concentration of RH after the grain boundary diffusion treatment between distant grain boundaries.
- the factors that determine the squareness in the JH curve of the entire NdFeB-based sintered magnet have not yet been clarified, but if the heterogeneity of the grain boundary structure or the difference in the RH element concentration in the grain boundary phase is significant
- the JH curve of the entire NdFeB based sintered magnet changes more gradually.
- the squareness ratio after the grain boundary diffusion treatment of the NdFeB-based sintered magnet of Patent Document 1 remained at about 81.5-93.4% because of the nonuniformity of the grain boundary structure and the RH element concentration in the grain boundary phase. The difference is considered to be the cause.
- the NdFeB-based sintered magnet according to the present invention is manufactured so as to keep the difference in RH concentration in the grain boundary low and to make the grain boundary structure uniform, so a high square shape of 95% or more. A ratio can be obtained.
- a high coercive force can be obtained by the grain boundary diffusion treatment, an NdFeB-based sintered magnet that hardly causes irreversible demagnetization in a high temperature environment can be obtained.
- the NdFeB-based sintered magnet according to the present invention has a high coercive force due to the grain boundary diffusion treatment and a high squareness ratio of 95% or more, so that irreversible demagnetization hardly occurs in a high temperature environment. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a magnet that requires high magnetic properties such as an automobile motor.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an alloy plate (a) having a rare earth-rich phase lamella and alloy powder particles (b) obtained by pulverizing the alloy plate.
- a graph showing changes in magnetic properties when a strip cast alloy having a lamella spacing of about 3 ⁇ m and a strip cast alloy having a lamella spacing of about 4 ⁇ m are used as starting alloys, respectively.
- the graph which shows the change of the carbon content in a NdFeB type
- Graph of JH curve showing the relationship between squareness ratio and inflection point.
- NdFeB-based sintered magnets using a conventional grain boundary diffusion method For comparison, first, a method for producing a NdFeB-based sintered magnet using a conventional grain boundary diffusion method will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- Conventional manufacturing methods of NdFeB-based sintered magnets using the grain boundary diffusion method are roughly divided into a hydrogen storage process, a dehydrogenation process, a fine grinding process, a filling process, an orientation process, a sintering process, and a grain boundary diffusion process. It is divided into two.
- NdFeB-based alloy plate NdFeB-based alloy (starting alloy) (hereinafter referred to as “NdFeB-based alloy plate”) prepared in advance by a strip cast method or the like (step B1).
- hydrogen is desorbed from the NdFeB alloy plate by heating the NdFeB alloy plate having occluded hydrogen to about 500 ° C. (step B2).
- the NdFeB alloy plate is crushed into pieces of metal having a maximum width of several millimeters.
- a lubricant is added to the metal piece thus obtained, and this is finely pulverized to a target particle size by a jet mill method or the like (step B3).
- a lubricant mainly composed of an alkyl carboxylate such as methyl caprylate or methyl myristate is added to the fine powder obtained in the fine grinding step (hereinafter referred to as “alloy powder”),
- the alloy powder is filled into a filling container having a shape necessary for obtaining a target dimension (step B4).
- a magnetic field is applied to the alloy powder together with the filled container, and the particles of the alloy powder are oriented in the same direction (step B5).
- the alloy powder is heated to about 950-1050 ° C. together with the filled container (step B6).
- step B7 RH is attached to the predetermined surface by vapor deposition or coating, and heated to about 900 ° C. (step B7).
- An aging treatment may be performed after the sintering process or after the grain boundary diffusion process. The aging process may be performed in multiple steps.
- the manufacturing method of the NdFeB-based sintered magnet of this example is first a plate-like shape in the main phase 11 as shown in FIG. 2 (a) as an NdFeB-based alloy plate used in the hydrogen storage process. It is characterized by using an alloy plate 10 in which rare earth-rich phases 12 (called lamella) are dispersed almost uniformly at predetermined intervals.
- lamella rare earth-rich phases 12
- Such an alloy plate 10 can be produced by strip casting as described in Patent Document 2.
- the average interval between lamellas (hereinafter referred to as “average lamella interval”) L is to adjust the rotational speed of the cooling roller used in the strip casting method and the speed at which the molten NdFeB alloy is supplied to the cooling roller. Can be controlled.
- the NdFeB-based sintered magnet manufacturing method of the present embodiment is characterized in that the dehydrogenation step is not performed (FIG. 1 (a)). That is, in the manufacturing method of the NdFeB-based sintered magnet of the present example, after the hydrogen is occluded by the hydrogen occlusion process, the sintering process is performed without going through the dehydrogenation process by heating. Hydrogen stored in the alloy powder is desorbed by heating during the sintering process.
- a method for producing a base material of an NdFeB-based sintered magnet without performing a dehydrogenation step is referred to as a “base material production method without dehydrogenation”.
- a conventional method for producing a base material of an NdFeB-based sintered magnet by performing a dehydrogenation step by heating is referred to as a “base material production method with dehydrogenation”.
- the reason for using an alloy plate in which rare earth-rich phase lamellae are dispersed almost uniformly at a predetermined interval in the hydrogen storage step is as follows. As described above, in the hydrogen storage process, hydrogen is stored in the NdFeB alloy. As a result, the NdFeB-based alloy becomes brittle. However, since the rare earth-rich phase occludes more hydrogen than the main phase, the embrittlement progresses particularly in the rare earth-rich phase lamella. Therefore, in the next fine pulverization step, fine pulverization is performed with the same size as the interval between the rare earth rich phase lamellae. As a result, an alloy powder having a substantially uniform particle size is obtained, and as shown in FIG. 2B, a part 14 of the rare earth rich phase lamella adheres to the surface of each particle 13 of the alloy powder. .
- the size of the main phase particles in the base material obtained after the sintering step becomes uniform.
- the size of the magnetic domain becomes uniform, and the magnetic characteristics of the sintered base material are improved.
- the rare earth-rich phase adheres to the surface of each particle of the alloy powder, the rare earth-rich phase is uniformly dispersed at the grain boundaries in the base material.
- Rare earth-rich phase to become a major passage of time to diffuse the R H at the grain boundary diffusion process, by the rare earth-rich phase are uniformly dispersed in the grain boundaries in the base material, is R H at the grain boundary diffusion process Diffusion from the adhesion surface to a sufficiently deep depth makes it difficult to produce a difference in RH concentration with respect to the depth direction.
- the target value of the particle diameter of the alloy powder to be produced is set to be equal to or less than the average lamella spacing of the NdFeB alloy. This is because when the particle size of the alloy powder is set larger than the average lamella spacing of the NdFeB-based alloy, the alloy powder particles containing the rare earth-rich phase increase and disperse relatively at the grain boundaries in the sintered base material. This is because the rare earth-rich phase is reduced and the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the average lamella spacing of the alloy plate 10 is approximately equal to the particle size (several ⁇ m) of the alloy powder. Since there is a correlation between the thickness of the alloy plate 10 and the average lamella interval, in order to make the average lamella interval of the alloy plate 10 about several ⁇ m, the thickness of the alloy plate 10 is adjusted to be 350 ⁇ m or less on average.
- the reason for using the base material manufacturing method without dehydrogenation is as follows.
- a lubricant is added in the fine grinding step and the filling step.
- the lubricant is generally organic and contains a lot of carbon.
- carbon remaining inside the substrate forms a carbon-rich phase with a high carbon concentration in the grain boundary. This carbon-rich phase acts as a weir in diffusing RH through the grain boundary and prevents RH diffusion. This makes it difficult for RH to reach sufficiently deep from the adhesion surface.
- the RH concentration locally increases in the vicinity of the carbon-rich phase, and the RH concentration becomes non-uniform.
- the lubricant needs to be mixed to some extent in order to increase the fluidity of the powder.
- the alloy powder is a hydrogen compound.
- Hydrogen in this hydride reacts with carbon contained in the lubricant by heating during the sintering process, and is discharged as a hydrocarbon compound.
- the concentration of carbon remaining in the substrate is lowered, and the magnetic properties of the substrate are improved.
- a carbon-rich phase is hardly formed in the grain boundary, RH is uniformly diffused by the grain boundary diffusion treatment, and the coercivity of the main phase particles in the NdFeB-based sintered magnet after the grain boundary diffusion treatment is substantially reduced. Will be equal.
- Oxygen and nitrogen may be mixed as impurities, but these also react with hydrogen and are discharged as a gas such as H 2 O or a hydrogen nitride compound.
- the R H during the grain boundary diffusion process is obtained by having the above two features (rare earth rich phase lamellar alloy and base material manufacturing method without dehydrogenation). It is possible to uniformly diffuse RH from the surface on which is adhered to a sufficiently deep depth. As a result, the NdFeB-based sintered magnet manufactured by the manufacturing method of this example can obtain a squareness ratio of 95% or more as described later.
- an NdFeB alloy having an average lamella spacing of 3.7 ⁇ m (hereinafter referred to as “3 ⁇ m lamella alloy”) is used, and a laser diffraction method is performed by a hydrogen occlusion process (step A1) and a fine grinding process (step A3).
- An NdFeB-based alloy powder having a measured median value D 50 of 3 ⁇ m was prepared.
- an NdFeB alloy powder having a median D 50 of particle size distribution measured by laser diffraction method of 3 ⁇ m was prepared for an NdFeB alloy having a lamellar spacing of 4.5 ⁇ m (hereinafter referred to as “4 ⁇ m lamella alloy”).
- the average lamella spacing was evaluated by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 2665590.
- the alloy compositions of the 3 ⁇ m lamella alloy and the 4 ⁇ m lamella alloy are as shown in Table 1 below.
- Step A1 embrittlement of the alloys in Table 1 by hydrogen storage (Step A1), without dehydrogenation heating (Step A2), 0.05 wt% of alkyl carboxylate was mixed with the obtained metal piece, and 100AFG type made by Hosokawa Micron
- the metal piece is finely pulverized in a nitrogen gas stream using a jet mill device (step A3).
- the particle size of the finely pulverized powder is adjusted to 3 ⁇ m with the median value D 50 of the particle size distribution measured with a laser particle size distribution measuring device (HELOS & RODOS manufactured by Sympatec).
- step A4 0.07 wt% of alkyl carboxylate is mixed with the produced alloy powder, and this alloy powder is filled in a filling container (step A4). Then, the powder is oriented in the magnetic field while filling the fine powder in the filling container (step A5), and then the whole filling container is sintered in a vacuum at 950-1000 ° C. for 4 hours (step A6). Further, as an aging treatment after sintering, heating is performed at 800 ° C. for 0.5 hours in an inert gas atmosphere, followed by rapid cooling, and further heating is performed at 480-580 ° C. for 1.5 hours to quench.
- the base materials S1 to S8 in the table are base materials made from a 3 ⁇ m lamella alloy, and the base materials C1 to C8 are base materials made from a 4 ⁇ m lamella alloy.
- Br is the residual magnetic flux density (magnetization J or magnetic flux density B when the magnetic field H of the JH curve or BH curve is 0)
- Js is the saturation magnetization (maximum value of the magnetization J)
- H cB is the coercivity defined by the BH curve
- H cJ is the coercivity defined by the JH curve
- (BH) Max is the maximum energy product (the maximum value of the product of magnetic flux density B and magnetic field H on the BH curve)
- B r / J s is the degree of orientation
- H k is the value of the magnetic field H when the magnetization J is 90% of the residual magnetic flux density B r
- SQ is the squareness ratio (H k / H cJ ). The larger these values are, the better magnet characteristics are obtained.
- the magnetic properties shown in Tables 2 and 3 were measured with a pulse magnetization measuring device.
- the pulse magnetization measuring device is manufactured by Nippon Electromagnetic Sequential Co., Ltd. (trade name: Pulse BH Curve Tracer BHP-1000), the maximum applied magnetic field is 10T, and the measurement accuracy is ⁇ 1%.
- the pulse magnetization measuring apparatus is suitable for evaluating a high H cJ magnet, which is a subject of the present invention.
- the pulse magnetization measuring device tends to have a lower squareness ratio SQ of the JH curve than a magnetization measuring device (also called a DC BH tracer) by applying a normal DC magnetic field.
- the squareness ratio SQ measured by the direct current magnetization measuring device is 95% is about 90% in the pulse magnetization measuring device.
- FIG. 3 is but a graph of the magnetic properties of the base materials in Table 2, this as shown in the figure, the residual magnetic flux density B r in substrate S1 ⁇ S8 are obtained relatively high substrate It can be seen that C1 to C8 have a relatively high coercive force H cJ .
- all the base materials shown in Table 1 have a high degree of orientation B r / J s of around 95%. This is because the magnetic anisotropy of each particle of the alloy powder was lowered and the coercive force of each particle was lowered because no dehydrogenation heating was performed.
- the coercive force of each particle is low, after the alloy powder is oriented, a reverse magnetic domain is generated in each particle with a decrease in the applied magnetic field, resulting in multiple magnetic domains. As a result, the magnetization of each particle is reduced, so that the deterioration of the degree of orientation due to the magnetic interaction between adjacent particles is alleviated, and a high degree of orientation is obtained.
- Grain boundary diffusion treatment is performed on each of the substrates S1 to S8 and C1 to C8 (step A7).
- Specific conditions for the grain boundary diffusion treatment are as follows. First, 0.07 g of silicone oil was added to 10 g of a mixture of TbNiAl alloy powder of Tb (R H ): 92 wt%, Ni: 4.3 wt%, Al: 3.7 wt% and silicone grease in a ratio of 80:20 by weight. Apply 10mg each of the paste to both pole faces (7mm square face) of the substrate.
- the cuboid base material coated with the paste is placed on a molybdenum tray provided with a plurality of point-shaped support portions, and the cuboid base material is supported by the support portions while being in a vacuum of 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- the heating temperature is 800-950 ° C and the heating temperature is 4 hours. Then, it is rapidly cooled to near room temperature, then heated at 480-560 ° C. for 1.5 hours and then rapidly cooled to room temperature.
- T1 to T8 and D1 to D8 were prepared by the above grain boundary diffusion treatment.
- T1 to T8 are samples corresponding to the substrates S1 to S8, respectively
- D1 to D8 are samples corresponding to the substrates C1 to C8, respectively.
- Tables 4 and 5 below show the results of measuring these samples with a pulse magnetization measuring apparatus.
- Samples T1 to T8 have an extremely high squareness ratio of 96.8-98.5%.
- the squareness ratio of samples D1 to D8 shown in Table 5 is between 90.4-94.4%, which is lower than the squareness ratio at the time of the base material shown in Table 3.
- the base material is manufactured by the base material manufacturing method without dehydrogenation, but there are cases where care is taken when using this method.
- impurities such as carbon can be reduced by the base material manufacturing method without dehydrogenation.
- the amount of impurities is reduced too much, the main phase particles grow by heating in the grain boundary diffusion treatment, and coarse particles may be generated as shown in FIG. 4 (about 100 ⁇ m in the micrograph in FIG. 4).
- coarse particles may be generated as shown in FIG. 4 (about 100 ⁇ m in the micrograph in FIG. 4).
- the squareness ratio decreases.
- impurities are mixed in the substrate to some extent.
- carbon is 500 ppm or more
- oxygen is 500 ppm or more
- nitrogen is 150 ppm or more
- the total of these is 1150 ppm
- it may be within the range of 3000 ppm or less.
- a method of adjusting these contents there is a method of adjusting the amount of lubricant added to the alloy powder after pulverizing the NdFeB alloy.
- the addition amount is 0.01 wt% or more, 0.6 wt% or less, the content of carbon in the NdFeB-based sintered magnet after the grain boundary diffusion treatment
- the amount can be adjusted between 500ppm and 3000ppm ( Figure 5).
- the NdFeB sintered magnet of sample T1 was measured for carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- the carbon content was 950 ppm
- the oxygen content was 820 ppm
- the nitrogen content was 170 ppm.
- the optical microscope photograph of this sample was taken, the coarse grain did not generate
- produce (FIG. 6).
- the average particle size of the main phase particles of this sample was calculated to be 2.8 ⁇ m.
- the grain boundary diffusion method generally, as the thickness of the base material increases, the difference in the concentration of RH in the vicinity of the adhesion surface and in the center increases, and the squareness ratio decreases, but in the manufacturing method of this example, When the thickness was 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, an NdFeB-based sintered magnet having a squareness ratio of 95% or more could be produced by the grain boundary diffusion method.
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Abstract
Description
NdFeB系合金の粉末を磁界中で配向し、焼結することにより製造した基材の表面に、Dy及び/又はTbを付着させ、粒界拡散処理によって該基材内部の粒界に拡散させたNdFeB系焼結磁石であって、角型比が95%以上であることを特徴とする。
また、磁石の温度が上昇するにつれて保磁力は低下していくものの、一般的に常温(室温)における保磁力と角型比が高いほど、高温での保磁力と角型比は高くなる。従って、常温における保磁力と角型比を共に高くすれば、磁石の温度が高くなっても不可逆減磁が生じにくくなる。
なお、焼結工程の後や粒界拡散工程の後に時効処理を行うこともある。時効処理は複数回に分けて行うこともある。
上記の通り、水素吸蔵工程では、NdFeB系合金に水素を吸蔵させる。これによりNdFeB系合金が脆化するが、主相よりも希土類リッチ相の方が水素をより多く吸蔵するため、特に希土類リッチ相ラメラの部分において脆化が進む。そのため、次の微粉砕工程では、希土類リッチ相ラメラの間隔とほぼ同じ大きさで微粉砕される。その結果、粒径のほぼ揃った合金粉末が得られると共に、図2(b)に示すように、合金粉末の各粒子13の表面には希土類リッチ相ラメラの一部14が付着することとなる。
上記のように、微粉砕工程と充填工程では潤滑剤を添加する。潤滑剤は一般的に有機物であり、炭素が多く含まれる。従来の脱水素有り基材製造方法では、この炭素の一部が基材の内部に残留し、基材の磁気特性の低下をもたらす。また、基材の内部に残留した炭素は、粒界中に炭素濃度の高い炭素リッチ相を形成する。この炭素リッチ相は、粒界を通してRHを拡散させる際の堰のような役割を果たし、RHの拡散を妨げる。これにより、RHが付着面から十分深くまで到達しにくくなる。また、炭素リッチ相によって堰き止められることで、炭素リッチ相の近傍においてRHの濃度が局所的に高くなり、RHの濃度が不均一になる。
基材中に炭素が残留することを避けるには、潤滑剤の使用量を減らすことが考えられるが、潤滑剤は、粉末の流動性を高めるためにある程度混入する必要がある。
本実施例では、平均ラメラ間隔が3.7μmのNdFeB系合金(以下、「3μmラメラ合金」と呼ぶ)を用い、水素吸蔵工程(ステップA1)と微粉砕工程(ステップA3)により、レーザ回折法で測定した粒度分布の中央値D50が3μmとなるNdFeB系合金粉末を作製した。また、ラメラ間隔が4.5μmのNdFeB系合金(以下、「4μmラメラ合金」と呼ぶ)に対し、レーザ回折法で測定した粒度分布の中央値D50が3μmとなるNdFeB系合金粉末を作製した。なお、平均ラメラ間隔の評価は特許第2665590号公報に記載の方法で行った。また、3μmラメラ合金と4μmラメラ合金の合金組成は、それぞれ以下の表1の通りである。
まず、Tb(RH):92wt%、Ni:4.3wt%、Al:3.7wt%のTbNiAl合金粉末とシリコーングリースを重量比で80:20の割合で混合した混合物10gにシリコーンオイルを0.07g添加したペーストを基材の両磁極面(7mm角の面)にそれぞれ10mgずつ塗布する。
次に、上記ペーストを塗布した直方体基材を、複数の尖形状の支持部が設けられたモリブデン製のトレイに載せ、直方体基材を該支持部によって支持しつつ、10-4Paの真空中で加熱する。加熱温度は800-950℃、加熱温度は4時間である。その後室温付近まで急冷して、次に480-560℃で1.5時間加熱して、再度室温まで急冷する。
従って、本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法では、ストリップキャスト合金の平均ラメラ間隔に対して、微粉砕後の合金粉末粒子の粒径が小さくなりすぎないように注意する必要がある。
11…主相
12…希土類リッチ相ラメラ
13…合金粉末粒子
14…希土類リッチ相ラメラの一部
Claims (15)
- NdFeB系合金の粉末を磁界中で配向し、焼結することにより製造した基材の表面に、Dy及び/又はTbを付着させ、粒界拡散処理によって該基材内部の粒界に拡散させたNdFeB系焼結磁石であって、角型比が95%以上であることを特徴とするNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記角型比が96%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記NdFeB系合金が、ストリップキャスト法により、希土類リッチ相のラメラが所定の間隔で並ぶように作製されたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記間隔の平均値が3.7μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記粉末の、レーザ回折法で測定される粒度分布の中央値D50が前記間隔以下であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記NdFeB系合金に水素を吸蔵させて該NdFeB系合金を粗解砕すると共に、前記焼結に至るまで該吸蔵させた水素を脱離させるための加熱を行わないまま、前記基材が製造されたことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記NdFeB系焼結磁石中の酸素と炭素と窒素の含有量の総計が1150ppm以上、3000ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記炭素の含有量が500ppm以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記酸素の含有量が500ppm以上であることを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記窒素の含有量が150ppm以上であることを特徴とする請求項7~9のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記粉末が作製された後に添加する潤滑剤の量が0.01wt%以上、0.6wt%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記NdFeB系焼結磁石の配向度が95%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記NdFeB系合金の厚みの平均値が350μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記NdFeB系焼結磁石中の主相となる粒子の平均粒径が4.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記NdFeB系焼結磁石の厚みが1mm以上、10mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~14のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
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EP13769202.6A EP2833376A4 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | SINTERED MAGNET BASED ON NdFeB |
US14/389,519 US20150059525A1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | NdFeB SYSTEM SINTERED MAGNET |
KR1020147027684A KR20150002638A (ko) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | NdFeB계 소결 자석 |
JP2014507915A JP6305916B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | NdFeB系焼結磁石 |
CN201380018248.4A CN104221100B (zh) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | NdFeB系烧结磁体 |
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US20150086710A1 (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-26 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | METHOD FOR PRODUCING RFeB-BASED MAGNET |
US10340064B2 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2019-07-02 | Byd Company Limited | Rare earth permanent magnetic material and method of preparing the same |
JP7574736B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 | 2024-10-29 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 希土類焼結磁石及び希土類焼結磁石の製造方法 |
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DE102017222060A1 (de) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-07 | Tdk Corporation | Permanentmagnet auf R-T-B-Basis |
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CN110444385A (zh) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-12 | 浙江英洛华磁业有限公司 | 一种提升Nd-Fe-B磁体矫顽力的工艺 |
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JP7574736B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 | 2024-10-29 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 希土類焼結磁石及び希土類焼結磁石の製造方法 |
Also Published As
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US20150059525A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
CN104221100A (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
CN104221100B (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
EP2833376A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
JPWO2013146781A1 (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
EP2833376A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
JP6305916B2 (ja) | 2018-04-04 |
KR20150002638A (ko) | 2015-01-07 |
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