Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F3/06—Severing by using heat
  • B26F3/08—Severing by using heat with heated members
  • B26F3/12—Severing by using heat with heated members with heated wires
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
  • B29C44/5627—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching
  • B29C44/5654—Subdividing foamed articles to obtain particular surface properties, e.g. on multiple modules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
  • B29C44/5681—Covering the foamed object with, e.g. a lining
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
  • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
  • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
  • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
  • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
  • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
  • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
  • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
  • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
  • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
  • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
  • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
  • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
  • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
  • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
  • B32B17/04—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
  • B32B3/18—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
  • B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
  • B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
  • B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
  • B32B5/20—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material foamed in situ
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
  • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
  • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
  • B29C65/7433—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a wire
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
  • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
  • B29C65/8215—Tensile tests
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
  • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
  • B29C65/8223—Peel tests
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
  • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
  • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
  • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y10T428/249976—Voids specified as closed
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y10T428/249982—With component specified as adhesive or bonding agent

Definitions

• the invention relates to a structural element for use as a core layer in a sandwich composite element according to the preamble of claim 1, a sandwich composite element, in particular for the production of wind blades for Windkraf tan and / or for applications in the marine sector (especially in the production of boat hulls and boat decks) in the area of rail transport (draft fronts, roofs, floors, wall elements of railway wagons), in mass transport on the road (bus roofs, floors, fronts), for structural applications in the construction sector (eg roofs) according to claim 15 and a method for producing such a structural element according to the preamble of claim 10.
• a sandwich composite element in particular for the production of wind blades for Windkraf tan and / or for applications in the marine sector (especially in the production of boat hulls and boat decks) in the area of rail transport (draft fronts, roofs, floors, wall elements of railway wagons), in mass transport on the road (bus roofs, floors, fronts), for structural applications in the construction sector (eg roof
• a generic structural element is described in EP 1 536 944 B2, which is suitable and intended for use as a core layer in a sandwich composite element for producing wind wings in wind power plants.
• the known structural element is characterized by a plurality of in a plane side by side arranged and interconnected body segments of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), wherein the body segments are welded at their abutting side surfaces to form flat, in a plan view of a surface side of the structural element intersecting welds , wherein the planar welds form a pore-poor or pore-free plastic intermediate layer of molten plastic of the body segments in the form of a net-like, stiffening web structure.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the known sheet-like structural element is obtained by a foam block comprising the plurality of welded together Body segments perpendicular to the surface extension of the intersecting welds is divided by sawing into a plurality of plate-shaped structural elements.
• the structural element thus obtained is processed into a sandwich composite element by bonding the surface sides formed by sawing from a foam block in each case to a cover layer (eg aluminum sheet) using adhesive resin or by directly laminating with a fiber-reinforced resin cover layer without further adhesive layer.
• cover layer eg aluminum sheet
• the known structural elements have proven to be core layers in such sandwich composite elements.
• WO 2005/047377 A1 which does not deal with PET foams, offers a solution to a similar problem of making the foam finer in size. However, this ultimately leads to inadequate adhesion or adhesive action between a structural element and a cover layer.
• US 2005 / 0060895A1 is concerned with the production of surfboards made of a plurality of foamed structural elements made of polystyrene, wherein the structural elements are deformed in a joint process step and welded together. From the document it is known to use hot wire cutting for shaping the structural elements welded together.
• No. 6,213,540 A1 describes a method for the production of energy absorption articles in which a block of foam is passed through with a network of hot wires, thus producing within the block the structure-strengthening welds. Also, this document is not concerned with the reduction of the resin absorption.
• GB 2474431 A describes a method for producing a structural element for use as a core layer in a sandwich composite element, in which first plastic layers are extruded over one another, and wherein the respective lower layer is heated by means of an infrared radiator before the subsequent layer is extruded, so that the layers connect intimately.
• the layer arrangement is then subdivided into large blocks by means of hot-wire cutting, which in turn are then subdivided into plate-shaped structural elements by hot-wire cutting.
• the document does not address the problem of reducing the resin absorption of the structural element in its further processing into a sandwich composite element.
• the invention is based on the object, one for use as a core layer in a Specify sandwich composite element suitable structural element, which is such that the resin receptacle, in particular at least approximately constant top layer adhesion is reduced to a connectable to the structural element cover layer.
• this goal should be achieved without additional steps and without significant increase in density of the structural element.
• the object is to provide a method for producing such a structural element as well as a sandwich composite element with such a structural element as the core layer.
• the invention has recognized that the surface condition of the first surface side (and preferably also a second surface side parallel to the first surface side) with which the preferably plate-shaped structural element can be bonded or laminated to a sandwich composite element is critical for the resin absorption, since the resin, in particular an adhesive or laminating resin, wherein the pores opened by the separation step, ie separation of the structural element from a foam block, of the, preferably otherwise predominantly closed-cell, foam can penetrate into the structural element, the adhesive or lamination resin, in particular a polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin or phenolic resin from a certain penetration depth and thus penetration no longer has a positive effect on the adhesive effect, but instead only increases the weight of the structural element, which is disadvantageous for lightweight applications in which a sandwich component formed with such a structural element as a structural supporting component should be used.
• the resin in particular an adhesive or laminating resin, wherein the pores opened by the separation step, ie separation of the structural element from a foam block, of the, preferably otherwise predominantly closed-cell
• the invention has further recognized that a smooth, non-porous surface also has a disadvantageous effect on the cover layer adhesion, since the adhesive resin can not anchor sufficiently in the structural element.
• the invention proposes to obtain the surface of the first surface side of the structural element so that it has open pores, which provide for the desired anchoring of the resin in the structural element, but it is essential that a part of the surface thermally sealed, ie closed to reduce the resin absorption. This effect is due to the fact that due to the partial thermal sealing of the surface fewer pores for penetration of resin are available than in a structural element according to the prior art, in which the first surface side was produced by sawing.
• a surface which fulfills these features is produced according to the invention by hot element cutting, in particular hot wire cutting, preferably in which the structural element is separated from a foam block by hot element cutting, the hot element cutting process being such that the surface is not completely sealed but instead open pores remain to allow anchoring of the resin.
• An indicator for a correct process control of the H representedelementschneidvorgangs or for a surface of the first and / or second surface side of the structural element, which is characterized by a low resin absorption with good cover layer adhesion is the below explained in more detail gloss value of the surface of the first and optionally also the second surface side, measured at 60 ° according to DIN 67530-1982. This should be according to the invention between 2 and 10 gloss units.
• a polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin or phenolic resin is used for the production of sandwich composite elements.
• a hot cutting element is disadvantageous at first glance, since the cutting process takes many times longer than with a saw used in the prior art.
• a gloss value of the surface of the first surface side is between 2 and 10 gloss units, preferably between 2 and 8 gloss units, more preferably between 3 and 6 gloss units.
• 100 gloss units correspond to a glass reference body (plane, polished black glass plate).
• the use of the gloss value as a parameter for describing the surface of the first and preferably also the second surface side is based on the idea that a too few pores, in particular completely sealed surface, which has too low a resin absorption reaches too high gloss value, then poor adhesion and, on the other hand, a surface which is too porous, as obtained by sawing in the prior art, value, which is accompanied by a good adhesion, but with too high resin absorption.
• the structural element according to the invention is characterized by a lower resin absorption with good adhesive or adhesive properties or strength in combination with a cover layer defined on the first surface side.
• the sandwich composite element comprising the structural element preferably comprises not only one covering layer, but two parallel covering layers sandwiching the structural element, more preferably each covering layer being glued to an area side or being infused in the infusion process, the surface of which is produced by hot element cutting, in such a way that the surface is partially thermally sealed, so still having open pores.
• the cover layers are preferably glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, and even more preferably the resin penetrating the glass fiber material is at the same time the resin which produces the connection to the structural element.
• the structural element is further distinguished by the fact that it assumes supporting functions in the sandwich composite element, which is why it has, in particular, a compressive strength of at least 0.7 MPa, a pressure modulus of at least 30 MPa, a shear strength of at least 0.4 MPa and a shear modulus of at least 10 Should have MPa.
• the structural element according to the invention is particularly suitable as a core layer in a sandwich composite component produced in the infusion process, in which the structural element is constructed with preferably laid on both sides scrim or fabric in the dry state and then impregnated with liquid lamination resin from a reservoir, wherein the lamination with Help vacuum is sucked into the layer structure.
• the resin which connects the cover layers to the structural element is at the same time also the cover layer resin, with which the scrim or fabric, in particular glass fiber mats, are impregnated.
• a surface portion of between about 35% and about 85%, preferably between about 40% and about 75% of the first and preferably also the second surface side is thermally sealed.
• the density of the structural element is selected from a value range between 50 kg / m 3 and 250 kg / m 3 , even more preferably between 60 kg / m 3 and 150 kg / m 3 .
• the extrusion-foamed thermoplastic material is polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the average pore size (in areas outside of welds) is between 0.1 mm and 1, 0 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm.
• the Foam block from which a structural element according to the invention can be removed is produced according to a process produced in EP 1 536 944 B2, wherein instead of the saw used in EP 1 536 944 B2, a hot element cutting device, in particular a hot wire cutting device, is used to separate the structural element from the foam block is to form the surface of the first and preferably also a second parallel surface side according to the concept of the invention.
• EP 1 536 944 B2 is intended to be duly disclosed with respect to the method features disclosed therein for producing the foam block and with regard to material parameters disclosed therein as being part of a further development of the invention and incorporated into the application.
• the surface of the first surface side is created so that the resin receptacle on the first surface side (or in the first surface side) is less than 600 g / m 2 and / or between 100 g / m 2 and 600 g / m 2 , preferably between 150 g / m 2 and 500 g / m 2 is selected.
• the resin receptacle is the amount (weight) of resin that is received per area portion of the first surface side in the structural member through the open pores.
• the resin uptake is done by determining the density of the structural element before and after the infusion with a resin. In order to make the penetrated resin more visible, it is preferably colored.
• the resin used to carry out the measurement is preferably the following resin composition, the resin constituents being products of Walter Gurder AG, 8956 Killwangen.
• the article numbers are given in parentheses: 100 parts of polyester resin Crystic 192 LV (Art No. 900.0.0.0007),
• the sample body which is preferably cut out of a larger structural element, preferably has the following dimensions: length 200 mm, width 200 mm, thickness 20 mm, three patterns to be checked per structural element and the mean value to be formed.
• PE hoses natural colored, 12x10mm, from Maagtechnik AG, 8600 D Wegner, with sufficient length are attached to the two hose connectors. Before the actual infusion process is evacuated for 1 hour by the hose clamped on the input side 24, and 25 is applied to the output side vacuum.
• the resin is sucked from the storage vessel via the open tube on the inlet side 8, which contains 3 kg of the resin mixture.
• the resin should now move within a few minutes evenly and as straight as possible from the inlet to the outlet. There must be no air bubbles and the inlet is to be disconnected before air is sucked in via the inlet 8.
• the factor 0.5 reflects the reference exclusively on the first surface side and is necessary insofar as resin penetrates not only the first, but also the second surface side. The influence of the second surface side is eliminated by a factor of 0.5.
• the mean value is to be formed.
• the resin receptacle of the aforementioned second, parallel to the first surface side surface side also has the previously described resin absorption values.
• the specific peeling energy when peeling off the cover layer from the core layer of a test body made of a sandwich composite element is at least 100 J / m 2 , preferably more than 200 J / m 2 .
• the specific peeling energy is preferably determined as follows:
• a 20 mm thick foam core layer (structural element) is laminated on both sides with a glass fiber reinforced resin to form a composite sandwich panel.
• the resin used is the resin used in the final application.
• a set for 40 min pot life polyester resin preferably Crystic 196 MV, Walter Switzerland, 8956 Killwangen, Switzerland, can be used.
• the peeling energy is determined. This is then divided by the generated crack area (sample width x crack length) to obtain the desired specific peel energy. To determine the crack length, the crack end is marked under the microscope. From the results of the total of 6 samples, the mean value is formed. Very particular preference is given to an embodiment of the structural element in which, as already mentioned, this has, in addition to the first surface side produced by hot-element cutting, a second surface side arranged parallel thereto, which is produced analogously to the first surface side.
• the values for the resin absorption and / or the gloss value and / or the peel strength are preferably in the ranges specified in the context of the first surface side in the further development.
• the thickness tolerance of the structural element ie, the maximum thickness tolerance, measured between the first and the second surface side of a plane-parallel plate with 2 to 3 m 2 base area, less than 1, 0 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm.
• the structural element in a plan view of the first or second surface side exclusively parallel planar welds
• the surface extension preferably extends perpendicular to the surface extension of the first surface side.
• the parallel weld seams then act stiffening with respect to a pressure load on the first surface side.
• the welds are formed and arranged as described and claimed in EP 1 536 944 B2, i. it is formed (in a plan view of the first surface side) a network of intersecting welds, which form a stiffening web structure. In each case, the arrangement of the welds in a plan view of the first surface side is meant.
• the structural element as a supporting component, when the foamed plastic has a predominantly closed-cell structure, wherein preferably the closed cells are provided in a volume percent ratio based on the structural element volume from a value range between 92 and 98% by volume. The percentage is determined by subtracting from 100% the fraction of open cells. This value is determined or defined by means of water absorption in vacuo according to ASTM D 1056-07, whereby the weight percentage resulting from the method described in the standard must first be converted into the volume profile. value by multiplying the weight percentage by the density of the structural element and dividing by the density of water.
• the first surface side is arranged perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the body segments, ie perpendicular to the enforcement of the polymer structure, which in the extrusion direction is oriented.
• the first surface side is additionally or alternatively arranged perpendicular to the surface extension of weld seams provided between the body segments, so that a weld line structure results in the plan view of the first surface side.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a previously described, according to the concept of the invention formed structural element, wherein according to the method initially by extrusion foaming, preferably plate or rod-shaped body segments of a thermoplastic material, in particular PET, are produced. These are then longitudinally flat, in particular gapless, ie free space, welded together to form a foam block, wherein the extrusion direction preferably extends in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the body segments.
• the foam block is then divided into individual structural elements, preferably transversely to the surface extension of the planar weld seams formed between the body segments, whereby the first surface side and preferably also a second parallel surface side is created on the structural elements with an open-pore surface.
• the structural element produced from the process consists exclusively of plastic, ie it is in particular free of adhesive.
• the splitting of the foam block into the structural elements does not take place by means of a saw, but by hot element welding, in particular hot wire welding, in such a way that the surface of the first surface side and preferably also of the second surface side (with retention of pores) is partially sealed.
• the temperature of the hot element in particular of the hot wire, in particular in combination with the relative speed of the hot element to the foam block, has proved to be critical for the process control. Good results with regard to the desired surface finish have been achieved with a temperature of the hot element from a value range between 300 ° C and 700 ° C, in particular between 400 ° C and 700 ° C, preferably between 500 ° C and 700 ° C, this temperature should be provided at least at the beginning of a cutting or separating operation. Preferably, the temperature is at least approximately maintained during the cutting or Abrennvorgangs. It is also essential that, in combination with the temperature shown above, for separating a relative velocity between the hot element and foam block by moving the hot element and / or the foam block from a range between 50 mm / min and 150 mm / min.
• the aforementioned temperature and feed rate values apply in particular to a foam block material having a density (including air inclusions) in a range between 50 kg / m 3 and 250 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 kg / m 3 and 150 kg / m 3 . It has been found that the optimum feed rate to achieve the desired gloss values depends on the density of the foam block to be processed. For a foam block with a density of 60 kg / m 3 , the feed rate of the hot element is preferably selected from a value range between 100 mm / min and 140 mm / min.
• the feed rate is preferably selected from a value range between 65 mm / min and 85 mm / min.
• the feed rate is preferably selected from a value range between 50 mm / min and 70 mm / min.
• E stands for the energy to be introduced per teilzuveriegelnder Design.
• the electrical energy used is calculated from the product of the electrical voltage U applied to the hot element and the current I of the current flowing through the hot element. This product is divided by the product of the feed rate v of the hot element, in particular the hot wire and the length L of the hot element, measured perpendicular to the feed direction.
• the unit of energy is Wh / m 2 , where W stands for watts, h for hours and m 2 for square meters.
• the factor V takes into account that two partially sealed surfaces are produced simultaneously per hot element.
• the width of the foam block, measured parallel to the longitudinal extent of the hot element preferably corresponds to at least 60%, preferably between 70% and 95%, of the length of the hot element.
• Optimum gloss values of the resulting surface area surface are obtained when energy is introduced per partially sealed area over the hot element, in particular the hot wire, which is calculated according to the following functional, linear relationship:
• + b [Wh / m 2 ] m is preferably selected from a value range between +0.12 and +0.20 Whm / kg, even more preferably from a value range between +0.12 and +0.18 Whm / kg.
• b is preferably selected from a range of values between -0.5 and +0.5 Wh / m 2, very particularly preferably chosen between -0.5 and 0.0 Wh / m 2.
• a density of 60 kg / m 3 thus result in the following preferred limits for the preferably applied energy (sealing energy) per unit area: 6,7Wh / m 2 to 12,5Wh / m 2, in particular 6.7 Wh / m 2 to 10.8 Wh / m 2 .
• preferred energy ranges between 1 1, 5 Wh / m 2 and 20.5 Wh / m 2 , preferably between 1 1, 5 Wh / m 2 and 18.0 Wh / m 2 .
• the following preferred limits for the introduced energy between 15.1 Wh / m 2 and 26.5 Wh / m 2 , preferably between 15.1 Wh / m 2 and 23.4 Wh / m 2 .
• the following table shows that failure to comply with the preferred cutting speed and cutting temperature specification (see right column) results in a surface whose gloss values are outside the claimed range. The peel strength in poor settings was not measurable because the adhesion was minimal to none.
• the foam block is cut with a plurality of parallel hot elements, in particular hot wires simultaneously in a plurality of structural elements.
• the temperature of the hot element (s) is adjusted and, at the same time, the relative velocity between the hot element or elements and the foam block is selected such that the aforementioned gloss value is achieved from a value range between 2 and 10.
• the diameter of the preferably cylindrical hot wire consists of a diameter value range between 0.25 mm and 2.0 mm, in particular between 0.25 mm and 1.00 mm, preferably between 0.40 mm and 0.80 mm is selected.
• the invention also leads to a sandwich composite element, in particular for the production of wind blades for wind turbines and / or marine applications (in particular for the production of boat hulls, boat decks) in the field of rail transport (in particular for the production of train fronts, roofs, floors, wall elements of Railway wagons), in mass transport on the road (in particular for the production of bus roofs, - floors, - fronts), for structural applications in the construction sector (eg roofs), etc.
• the sandwich composite element in addition to the structural element according to the invention comprises at least one associated with the structural element covering layer , In particular two the structural element between them receiving cover layers, wherein it is preferred that the at least one cover layer is formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
• the invention is preferably suitable for the production of sandwich composite elements in the resin infusion process.
• the fiber composite (scrim or fabric) incl. Core material is built up in the dry state. Then it is covered by means of vacuum-tight film and sealed at the edge. A vacuum applied to the film eventually draws the liquid resin from a reservoir through the structure and thus impregnates the composite.
• the curing or the resin reaction typically takes place at room temperature, but can also be carried out at elevated temperature.
• the invention therefore also relates in particular to a sandwich composite element which has been produced in the resin infusion process, wherein it is essential that the resin, specifically the laminating resin, be sucked into the layer structure by means of vacuum, wherein it is particularly preferred if the cover layers are impregnated with the At the same time, the resin connecting the structural element is the resin of the cover layers, with which the scrim or fabric of the cover layers is impregnated. It is particularly preferred if the body segments have a shape cross-section, which allows a gapless joining of the body segments, wherein the body segments are preferably joined together by welding without gaps.
• 1 is a plan view of a first surface side of a Strukturele- element
• 2 shows a sectional view through a structural element perpendicular to the surface extension of the first surface side, after it has been treated with adhesive resin for determining the resin absorption in accordance with the method described in the general description part
• FIG. 3 shows a sectional view through a structural element according to the prior art by means of a surface side produced by sawing, which has been charged with resin for determining the resin absorption
• Fig. 4 two body segments, which are welded together along their longitudinal side surface
• Fig. 5 a foam block of several welded together
• FIG. 6 shows an alternative foam block, made of two or alternatively several foam blocks according to FIG. 5, which are welded together in such a way that intersecting weld seams result, wherein the foam block is divided into structural elements by means of hot wires,
• FIG. 7 shows a resulting from a foam block according to FIG. 5
• FIG. 8 shows a resulting from the foam block of FIG. 6
• Fig. 10 Arrangement of the specimens for measuring the resin absorption
• Fig. 1 1 sample sawn out of a sandwich composite panel for
• Fig. 12 Experimental setup for determining the peeling energy, wherein the
• Sample is fixed in accordance with FIG. 9 in a clamping device on a tensile testing machine
• FIG. 13 shows a measured curve recorded by means of a tensile testing machine for determining the peeling energy, in which the tensile force is recorded as a function of the traversing path.
• FIG. 1 shows in plan view a first surface side 1, more precisely the surface of a first surface side 1 of a structural element 2 made of foamed PET.
• a weld 3 the surface extension is perpendicular to the surface extension of the first surface side 1 and the two body segments 4, 5, which were obtained by extrusion foaming PET, flat connected to each other.
• the body segments 4, 5 themselves have a kind of honeycomb-shaped structure, which therefore results in the PET being pressed through a hole die at the end of the extruder and the individual strands being completely self-adhering to each other before curing, ie they are welded together completely.
• the surface of the first surface side 1 of the structural element 2 has a gloss value of 4.3.
• FIG. 2 shows a sectional view perpendicular to the surface extension of the first surface side 1 through a structural element 2.
• Parallel to the first surface side 1 extends a second surface side, which is cut off in the illustration of FIG. 2, however.
• a weld 3 which can be seen on a pore-poor (compressed) area.
• the first surface side 1 is (for the determination of the resin receptacles) acted upon by adhesive resin 8, according to the method described in the general description part.
• a certain penetration depth of the adhesive resin 8, a polyester resin, into the pore structure, can be seen through the open pores 6.
• the resin absorption is 150 g / m 2 .
• FIG. 3 in which a corresponding sectional view through a structural element according to the prior art with saw-made first surface side is shown, the penetration depth of the resin in the embodiment of FIG. 2 is lower, and in particular the adhesive resin 8 in the embodiment of FIG. 2 penetrate through substantially less existing open pores in the first surface side 1 as in the embodiment according to the prior art in Fig. 3, which leads to a significantly lower overall resin absorption of the embodiment of FIG.
• FIG. 4 shows a method step in the production of a structural element.
• E plate-shaped body segments 4, 5 which have approximately an example thickness of 5 cm, a width of about 1 m and a length extension of about 2m.
• the body segments 4, 5 are joined in the direction of the arrow 9, after the opposite side surfaces 10, 1 1 have been melted.
• This process is carried out with several body segments so that a foam block 12 shown by way of example in FIG. 5 results.
• the foam block 12 according to FIG. 5 consists of a total of four body segments and has three parallel weld seams 3.
• a hot element 13 merely exemplified as a hot wire, the foam block 12 is subdivided into plate-shaped structural elements 2, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
• the temperature of the hot element 13 is 640 ° C. and the speed with which the hot element 13 moves through the foam block 12 is preferably perpendicular to the extrusion direction E perpendicular to the surface extension of the welds 3 is 84 mm / min, so that a surface side 1 with the desired surface, having open pores and partially thermally sealed areas results.
• the foam block 12 is separated simultaneously with a plurality of parallel hot elements 13 into a plurality of structural elements. In Fig. 6, two foam blocks 12 are joined as shown in FIG.
• FIG. 8 wherein on the first surface side 1 intersecting weld seams can be seen whose surface extension extends in the extrusion direction E, ie perpendicular to the surface extension of the first surface side 1 and the second surface side 15 parallel thereto.
• a sandwich composite element can be produced by adhering to the first and the surface side 1, 15 of a structural element 2 shown by way of example in FIG. 7 or 8, preferably by means of a resin, a cover layer, in particular of glass fiber reinforced plastic.

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• 2012
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