WO2013143151A1

WO2013143151A1 - Experiment method for simulated impact-type rock burst

Info

Publication number: WO2013143151A1
Application number: PCT/CN2012/073439
Authority: WO
Inventors: 何满潮; 孙晓明; 杨晓杰
Original assignee: 中国矿业大学(北京)
Priority date: 2012-03-31
Filing date: 2012-03-31
Publication date: 2013-10-03
Also published as: US9316568B2; JP2015511710A; US20150068319A1; EP2835627A1; EP2835627A4; JP5926854B2

Abstract

An experiment method for a simulated impact-type rock burst, comprising the following steps: manufacturing a rock sample piece having a through hole or a half-formed hole; loading a three-way initial static load stress onto the rock sample piece; loading a disturbance load onto the rock sample piece for 0.5 to 10 minutes, observing whether or not a spalling phenomenon is found on the inner surface of the through hole or of the half-formed hole of the rock sample piece; if further destruction is found by observing whether or not the spalling phenomenon is found on the inner surface of the hole, then observing and recording the destruction process; if not, then increasing the value of the static load stress loaded onto the rock sample piece, or increasing the strength of the disturbance load and proceeding to repeat the experiment process until the rock sample piece enters the destruction process, observing and recording the destruction process, thus ending the impact rock burst experiment. Under the effect of the disturbance load, the experiment method successfully induces the occurrence of a rock burst phenomenon of the rock sample piece, and, by researching the mechanisms of the rock burst phenomenon of the rock sample piece, lays a foundation for gradual understanding and comprehension of the nature of actual rock burst phenomenon.

Description

Experimental method for simulating impact rockburst

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering research of deep mine engineering, in particular to an experimental method for simulating impact rock burst. Background technique

With the development of geotechnical engineering such as mines, water conservancy and hydropower, and railway (highway) traffic tunnels, rockburst is a very dangerous disaster phenomenon in deep mines, and it occurs more and more frequently. Rockburst is sudden and violent. When it is destroyed, the rock fragments that are ejected carry a lot of energy, which will pose a threat to equipment and personnel, and will seriously endanger life.

As is known to all, blasting is an indispensable construction method for rock mass excavation of large-scale water conservancy, tunnels, mining projects and nuclear power projects. Explosives in the rock mass instantaneously release a large amount of explosive energy, generating explosion shock waves and stress waves, acting on the surrounding rock mass in the form of dynamic loads, causing the surrounding rock mass to be broken and damaged, and even rockburst. However, the current laboratory simulation methods for rock burst are mostly based on static load. No experimental methods under disturbance factors such as excavation or blasting have been observed. Due to the unique mechanical characteristics of the deep rock mass and the current research on the laws of human beings entering the deep rock mass, the understanding of the law of rockburst under the disturbance factor is still shallow. Therefore, in the process of excavation and blasting, in order to study the rock mass under the action of disturbance factors such as excavation and blasting, the inventor of the present application conducted a laboratory simulation on the rockburst phenomenon under the action of disturbance factors, and proposed a kind of Experimental method for simulating impact rockburst. Summary of the invention

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an experimental method for simulating an impact type rock burst based on a disturbance factor.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention comprises the following steps:

51. Making a rock sample having a through hole or a half hole;

52. Applying a three-way initial static load stress to the rock sample piece, and preserving the load, simulating the situation that the excavation roadway is subjected to static load stress;

53. Load the rock specimen with one-way or two-direction or three-direction disturbance load for 0.5-10 minutes, and observe whether the inner surface of the through-hole or the half-hole of the rock sample is peeled off, and the disturbance load is used to simulate the opening. Digging, blasting, earthquake Or mechanical vibration waveform;

54. Under the disturbance load of the step S3, if the peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface of the hole, continue to maintain the disturbance load loading state in the S3 step for 0.5-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample is further damaged, if the rock sample If the test piece is not further damaged, stop the load disturbance load, and increase the one-way or two-way or three-way static load stress value applied to the rock sample test piece, repeat the above step S2 and the following experimental steps; if the rock sample test piece enters the damage Process, then observe and record the damage process, and the impact rockburst experiment ends;

55. Under the disturbance load of the step S3, if no peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample test piece, continue to maintain the disturbing load loading state in the step S3 for 2-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample test piece is peeled off. Phenomenon, if the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample is peeled off, repeat the above steps S4 and the following experimental steps; if there is no peeling on the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample, stop the disturbance loading and increase the loading to the rock sample. Repeat the above steps S2 and the following experimental steps for the one-way or two-way or three-way static load stress values; if the rock sample test piece enters the failure process, observe and record the damage process, and the impact rockburst experiment ends.

Another experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention includes the following steps:

Sl, making a rock sample having a through hole or a half hole;

S2, loading the rock specimen with three-way initial static load stress, and preserving the load, simulating the situation that the excavation roadway is subjected to static load stress;

S3, loading the rock sample piece with a one-way or two-direction or three-direction disturbance load for 0.5-10 minutes, and observing whether the inner surface of the through hole or the half hole of the rock sample piece is peeled off, wherein the disturbance load is used to simulate opening Digging, blasting, earthquake or mechanical vibration waveforms;

S4. Under the disturbance load of the step S3, if the peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface of the hole, continue to maintain the disturbing load loading state in the step S3 for 0.5-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample is further damaged, if the rock sample If the test piece is not further damaged, stop the load disturbance load, and increase the intensity value of the one-way or two-way or three-direction disturbance load, repeat the above step S3 and the following experimental steps; if the rock sample test piece enters the damage process, observe and record The destruction process, the end of the impact rockburst experiment;

S5. Under the disturbance load of the step S3, if no peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface surface of the hole of the rock sample test piece, continue to maintain the disturbing load loading state in the step S3 for 2-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample test piece appears. Exfoliation phenomenon, if the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample is peeled off, repeat the above steps S4 and the following experimental steps; if there is no peeling on the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample, stop the disturbance loading and improve the one-way or two-way or Repeat the above steps S3 and the following experimental steps for the intensity value of the three-way disturbance load; if the rock sample enters the failure process, then Inspect and record the damage process, and the impact rockburst experiment ends.

Further, in the above experimental method for simulating impact rockburst:

In the step S1, the rock sample is taken from the rock mass at the site to be excavated.

In the steps S4 and S5, after the rock sample test piece is not broken and the disturbance is stopped, the one-way or two-way or three-way static load stress value applied to the rock sample test piece is increased, and the increase is in the step S3. The intensity of the disturbance load applied to the rock specimen.

In the step S2, the loading mode of the static load is the force loading mode or the displacement loading mode, wherein when the displacement loading mode is adopted, the loading rate is 0.004-0.2 mm/s, and when the force loading mode is adopted, the loading is performed. The rate is 0.05-2 kN/s. .

The through holes or the half holes of the rock sample in the step SI are round, semicircular or horseshoe.

The rock sample test piece in the step S1 has a joint structure, and the rock sample test piece with the joint structure is processed by the field, or is prepared as follows: (1) making a plurality of pieces 5 to 10 mm thick Gypsum board or 3~8mm thick resin board, and air-dried; (2) Bonding air-dried gypsum board or resin sheet together to form a laminate, air-drying; (3) Joint direction will be air-dried A good laminated plaster body is cut to a desired size, and holes are machined at the centerline position to obtain a rock sample test piece having a joint structure.

In the step S3, the disturbance signal of the disturbance load includes: a cyclic wave disturbance signal, a single pulse disturbance signal, a step pulse disturbance signal, a noise wave disturbance signal, or any of the above-mentioned cyclic wave disturbance signals and the slope wave superposition The composite wave disturbance signal formed together or the superimposed disturbance signal formed by superimposing the composite wave disturbance signal and the noise wave disturbance signal.

Among them, the recording step and/or the photographing step are also included. When a phenomenon occurs on the surface of the rock sample, the micro camera is used to image and/or photograph the destruction process.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the advantages and positive effects of the experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention are as follows: In the experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention, the rock sample test piece has a hole, which truly simulates Excavation or blasting the actual state of the on-site tunnel. In the present invention, the static stress load and the disturbance load are applied to the rock sample in one, two or three directions to simulate the static stress and the disturbing load of the excavation or blasting site tunnel. According to the experimental design, According to the different geological depths, the rock specimens are loaded with different static stress loads and disturbance loads, and further different types of disturbance loads, such as pulse waves or noise waves, are designed according to the actual conditions of the excavation site to simulate the mechanical vibration. Disturbing loads caused by earthquakes, artificial excavation actions, etc. The invention successfully induces the rockburst phenomenon of the rock sample under the disturbance load, and studies the mechanism of the rockburst phenomenon of the rock sample by It is the basis for understanding and mastering the nature of the actual rockburst phenomenon. In particular, when the rock sample used is taken from the excavation or blasting site, it is beneficial to simulate the rockburst disaster phenomenon of the rock sample and fully analyze the rockburst process and phenomena. We will find weak parts that are sensitive to the impact of excavation or blasting, so as to strengthen the support measures for the weak parts, to achieve the purpose of maintaining construction safety, and ensure the smooth progress of mining and other work.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from DRAWINGS

1 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of an experimental method for simulating an impact rock burst according to the present invention;

2A to 2E are schematic structural views of various test pieces used in the experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention;

3 is an experimental road diagram of a first experimental example of an experimental method for simulating an impact rock burst according to the present invention;

4A to 4F are photographs of a rockburst process taken during the experiment in the first experimental example of the experimental method for simulating impact rockburst;

Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the first experimental example of the simulated impact rockburst of the present invention, in which the disturbance load signal is loaded onto the rock sample;

6 is a flow chart of a second embodiment of an experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to the present invention;

7 is an experimental roadmap of a second experimental example of an experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to the present invention;

8A to 8F are photographs of the rockburst process taken during the experiment in the second experimental example of the experimental method for simulating the impact rockburst of the present invention. detailed description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

In the embodiment of the experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention, the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction are perpendicular to each other to form a three-dimensional space, the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction are horizontal, and the Y-axis direction is vertical. direction. Example 1

As shown in FIG. 1, the first embodiment of the experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention comprises the following steps: Sl, preparing a rock sample test piece 60, and the rock sample test piece 60 has a through hole 61 having a circular cross section in the center. (See Figure 2A) Or a circular half-hole 62 (see Figure 2B) or a horseshoe-shaped through hole 63 (see Figure 2C) or a horseshoe-shaped half-hole 64 (see Figure 2D). The holes in the rock sample test piece 60 are mainly through holes and half holes, but the cross-sectional shape of the holes can be various, and is not limited to a circular shape or a horseshoe shape. The rock sample can be made in the laboratory, or it can be taken from the rock mass at the site to be excavated. The rock mass at the site to be excavated can not only study the mechanism of rockburst, but also the actual site. Excavation and blasting play a guiding role.

52. Load the three-way initial static load stress on the rock sample and maintain the load to simulate the static load stress of the excavation roadway. The loading mode of the static load is the force loading mode or the displacement loading mode. When the displacement loading mode is adopted, the loading rate is 0.004-0.2 mm/s. When the force loading mode is adopted, the loading rate is 0.05-2 kN. /s.

53. Load the rock specimen with one-way or two-way or three-direction disturbance load for 0.5-10 minutes to observe whether the inner surface of the through-hole or the half-hole of the rock sample is peeled off. The disturbance load is used to simulate excavation. Blasting, seismic or mechanical vibration waveforms.

54. Under the disturbance load of step S3, if the surface of the hole is observed to peel off, continue to maintain the disturbance load loading state in step S3 for 0.5-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample is further damaged, if the rock sample test piece If there is no further damage, the load disturbance loading is stopped, and the one-way or two-way or three-way static load stress value loaded to the rock sample is increased, and the amount of the one-way or two-way or three-way static load stress value may be increased in step S3. The intensity of the disturbance load loaded by the medium-to-rock sample is not limited thereto, and may be other quantities. After the three-way static load stress value of the rock sample is increased, the above step S2 and the following experimental steps are repeated; If the rock sample enters the failure process, the failure process is observed and recorded, and the impact rockburst experiment ends; another case: under the disturbance load of step S3, the inner surface of the hole is peeled off, followed by further damage. When the phenomenon develops into a rockburst, the damage process is directly observed and recorded, and the impact rockburst experiment ends.

55. Under the disturbance load of step S3, if no peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample, continue to maintain the disturbing load loading state in step S3 for 2-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample is peeling off. If the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample is peeled off, repeat the above steps S4 and the following experimental steps; if there is no peeling on the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample, stop the disturbance loading and improve the loading to the rock sample. Or the two-way or three-way static load stress value, the three-way static load stress value may be the intensity of the disturbance load loaded into the rock sample in step S3, of course, not limited thereto, or other quantities. After increasing the three-way static load stress value of the rock sample, repeat the above steps S2 and the following experimental steps; if the rock sample enters the failure process, observe and record the experimental road map, amplitude and frequency, and the occurrence of the impact rockburst process. The phenomenon and the moment, stress, strain, etc., the end of the impact rockburst experiment.

In the above experiment process, it also includes taking a camera or taking a photo step of the destruction process with a micro camera, that is, when When the surface of the rock sample is peeled off and/or when the sample of the rock sample enters the process of destruction, the camera is photographed or photographed by a miniature camera, or photographed and photographed simultaneously.

As shown in FIG. 2E, in the step S1 of the above experiment, a rock sample test piece with a joint structure can also be prepared, which is specifically prepared by the following method: (1) simulating the rock mass ratio of the site to produce a plurality of pieces 5 to 10 mm thick. Gypsum board or 3~8mm thick resin board, and air-dried; (2) Bonding air-dried gypsum board or resin sheet together to form a laminated body, air-dried; (3) Simulating on-site rock mass joint Towards the air-dried layered plaster body is cut to the required size, for example, a 160x 160x160mm cube, and a hole is machined at the centerline position to obtain a rock specimen with a joint structure. The rock specimen with the joint structure can also be formed by retrieving and reworking the site to be excavated or blasted.

As shown in Table 1, in the S3 step of the above experiment, the disturbance load signal loaded to the rock sample can be: a cyclic wave disturbance signal, a single pulse disturbance signal (used to simulate impact ground pressure, blasting instantaneous impact), step a pulse disturbance signal, a noise wave disturbance signal (for simulating construction machinery vibration, a mine running vibration, and a seismic wave disturbance signal), or a composite wave disturbance signal formed by superimposing any one of the above-mentioned cyclic wave disturbance signals and a ramp wave, or It is a superimposed disturbance signal formed by superimposing the composite wave disturbance signal and the noise wave disturbance signal. The single-pulse disturbance signal includes a sine wave, a triangular wave, a positive sawtooth wave, a square wave, etc., and the pulse width and the pulse amplitude of the single-pulse disturbance signal can be adjusted; the step pulse disturbance signal includes a half sine wave, a semi-triangle wave, Semi-positive sawtooth wave, semi-square wave, etc., the pulse width and pulse amplitude of the step pulse disturbance signal can be adjusted. Some typical types of disturbance load signals are listed below, as shown in Table 1.

Table I

Cyclic wave and noise

3 positive sawtooth wave 10 wave superimposed

Edit 1 , compound wave

Slope wave and cycle

Wave and noise wave stack

4 square wave 1 1

Combined composite wave

5 uniform white noise L [(曙iii面趣垂' 12 loading single pulse

Humming

6 Gaussian white noise 13 Unloading single pulse,

Random white

7 14 Load step pulse

noise

15 Unloading step pulse γ/ Experimental example 1

See Figure 3, Figure 4Α to Figure 4F. The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to the first embodiment above is used, wherein the rock sample is a sandstone rock body collected at the site to be excavated, and is a cube of l lOxl lOxl lOmm having a circular through diameter of 50 mm. Hole. The uniaxial strength of the rock specimen is 68 MPa. In step S2, the three-way initial static load stress applied to the rock specimen is: X-direction static stress FX: 30 kN, Y-direction static stress FY: 290 kN , Z direction static stress FZ : 50 kN, when the force loading mode is used, the loading rate is 0.5 kN/s, and the disturbance load type in step S3 is square wave (wave amplitude is 0.1mm, frequency is 0.05HZ), only in the Y direction Disturbance, the disturbance load is applied for 3 minutes, the rock sample test piece does not peel off in the hole, stop the disturbance; increase the Y-direction static stress to 320kN _; apply the same kind of disturbance load for 3 minutes, and the rock sample specimen does not peel off through the hole. , stop the disturbance; increase the Y-static stress to 350kN again, apply the same kind of disturbance load, observe the peeling and cracking phenomenon on the inner surface of the rock sample through the hole, accompanied by the sound, keep the load state for 3 minutes, the crack does not expand , without further damage, stop the disturbance; increase the Y-direction static stress to 380kN, apply the same kind of disturbance load, the rock sample specimens have severe rock explosion phenomenon, and a large number of debris fragments are sprayed. With a loud sound, the experiment stopped.

4A to 4F are photographs taken by the micro-camera during the above experiment: FIG. 4A shows the peeling phenomenon of the inner surface of the rock sample through the hole and crack propagation; FIG. 4B shows that the rock burst occurs, and a large amount of debris is sprayed, Figure 4C shows that the rockburst is weakened and the debris is ejected; Figure 4D shows that a small amount of debris is ejected and the sound is reduced; Figure 4E shows that the chip is weakly ejected and the sound almost disappears; Figure 4F shows the end of the rock burst , causing obvious cracks and the sound disappears.

As shown in Fig. 5, in the present invention, the rock sample test piece can be loaded with a disturbance load signal through the control system. The control system includes three sets of control systems that are independent and coordinated with each other, and are used to load the disturbance load to the rock sample in the Z-axis direction of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively. Each control system has control parameters such as force (stress) and actuator displacement (strain). When one of them is selected, it can form the control loop of the selected parameter, and the unselected parameters (test results to be obtained) It is a function of the selected parameters (test conditions); the control system is fully digitized and controlled by the controller, and the composition and working principle of each control system are the same. As shown in FIG. 5, the control system includes: a plurality of sensors, a hydraulic source, and a controller, wherein the plurality of sensors are respectively used to collect the force, displacement or deformation received by the rock sample test piece; the hydraulic source includes the pump station and a servo valve for supplying hydraulic oil to an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and/or a Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and/or a Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, the servo valve comprising at least one regulating valve and at least one reversing valve; Receiving signals collected by multiple sensors and comparing them with the input value of the given disturbance load signal to obtain a difference, the controller performs correction adjustment according to the difference, controls the opening degree of the regulating valve, and then controls the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and / or Y direction loading hydraulic cylinder and / or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder respective oil intake or return oil and oil inlet speed or oil return speed, further control X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and / or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and / Or Z-direction loading the displacement length of the respective piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder or the magnitude of the respective force, while the controller controls the reversing valve to reverse the direction, and finally makes the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder / or the length of the telescopic movement of the respective piston rods of the Y-loading hydraulic cylinder and/or the Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder or the respective forces received are consistent with the force, displacement or deformation expressed by the input disturbance load signal . The control system of the invention also has an alarm function. When the value measured by the sensor exceeds the set limit control value range, the controller controls the servo valve to close, cuts off the oil circuit, withdraws the oil pressure, and protects the rock sample test piece. It is accidentally destroyed, and at the same time, the pump station is stopped; when the value of the given disturbance load signal exceeds the set limit control value range, it will also alarm. In addition, the control system of the present invention can perform data processing on the data measured by the sensor: extracting the signal value measured by the sensor and deriving valuable and meaningful data, such as generating a force-time curve, a displacement-time curve, and a stress. - strain relationship curve, etc.

In the present invention, the hydraulic source outputs a large amount of high-pressure oil into the servo valve, and the operator selects the control parameter (or the test force, or the deformation of the test piece, or the piston stroke) and the given disturbance load signal according to the test purpose, and gives the disturbance load signal. The input is compared with the value measured by the comparator to obtain a comparison difference. After the difference is corrected, the servo valve is driven, and the servo valve (which can be used as the existing structure) is turned into the oil flow to drive the hydraulic cylinder piston to make the rock sample. The test piece is stressed, and the non-electrical physical quantity (force, deformation and displacement) is converted into electric quantity by the sensor. After being amplified, it is compared with the given signal in the comparator, and the output difference is adjusted by the regulator to correct the deviation so that the rock sample is subjected to the test. The controlled non-electrical physical quantity tracks the given signal quickly and accurately with a certain accuracy.

Of course, the loading method of the disturbance load in the present invention may also be selected in any other existing manner. In fact, the loading method is basically the same as the static load. In the static load loading mode, the stress value changes linearly. In the disturbance load loading mode, the stress value is consistent with the selected disturbance signal change. Example 2

As shown in FIG. 6, the steps of the second embodiment of the experimental method for simulating impact rockburst of the present invention are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, except that in steps S4 and S5 of the first embodiment, When the rock sample does not have a rock burst, after the three-way static stress value loaded on the rock sample is increased, the remaining experimental steps are repeated (ie, the step S2 and the following experimental steps are repeated); In steps S4 and S5 of the example, when the rock sample does not have a rock burst, after the disturbance load applied to the rock sample is increased, the remaining experimental steps are repeated (ie, the step S3 and the following experimental steps are repeated). And finally succeeded in triggering the occurrence of rockburst. The rest of the second embodiment that is identical to the first embodiment will not be described again. Experimental example 2

See Figure 7. The experimental method of the simulated impact rockburst according to the second embodiment is used, wherein the rock sample is a sandstone rock body collected at the site to be excavated, and is a cube of l lOxl lOxl lOmm having a circular through diameter of 50 mm. The hole has a uniaxial strength of 73 MPa. In step S2, the three-way initial static load stress applied to the rock sample is: X-direction static stress FX: 30 kN, Y-direction static stress FY: 350 kN, Z-direction static Stress FZ: 50 kN, when loading by force, the loading rate is 0.5 kN/s; the type of disturbance load in step S3 is square wave (bottle amplitude 0.1mm, frequency 0.05HZ), only in the Y-direction disturbance, apply the disturbance load 3 Minutes, there is no phenomenon in the rock sample through the hole, stop the disturbance; increase the Y-direction disturbance intensity, increase the amplitude of the Y-disturbing load to 0.2mm, the frequency is still 0.05HZ, and immediately observe the rock sample through the hole. The surface has spalling and cracking, accompanied by sound, and the load state is maintained for 3 minutes. The crack does not expand, and the rock specimen does not continue to break through the inner surface of the hole, stopping the disturbance; The amplitude of the disturbance load is 0.3mm, and the frequency is still 0.05HZ. The rock sample specimen immediately undergoes a violent rock explosion phenomenon, a large amount of debris is sprayed, and with a huge sound, the experiment stops.

8A to 8F are photographs taken by the micro camera during the above experiment: Fig. 8A shows the rock sample test piece through the hole The inner surface is spalled and cracked; Figure 8B shows the occurrence of rockburst, with debris jets, accompanied by loud sounds; Figure 8C shows an increase in rockburst, a large number of debris jets, and increased sound; Figure 8D shows The rock burst is weakened, the debris is ejected, and the sound is reduced; Figure 8E shows the end of the rock burst, the specimen breaks and collapses; Figure 7F shows the complete collapse of the specimen.

While the invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments illustrated embodiments The present invention may be embodied in a variety of forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the details of the invention. All changes and modifications that come within the scope of the claims and their equivalents are intended to be embraced by the appended claims.

Claims

Rights request

1. An experimental method for simulating impact rockburst, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

51. Making a rock sample having a through hole or a half hole;

52. Applying the three-way initial static load stress to the rock sample piece, and preserving the load, simulating the situation that the excavation roadway is subjected to static load stress;

53. Apply one-way or two-way or three-direction disturbance load to the rock sample for 0.5-10 minutes to observe whether the inner surface of the through-hole or the half-hole of the rock sample is peeled off, and the disturbance load is used to simulate the opening. Digging, blasting, earthquake or mechanical vibration waveforms;

54. Under the disturbance load of the step S3, if the peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface of the hole, continue to maintain the disturbing load loading state in the S3 step for 0.5-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample is further damaged, if the rock sample If the test piece is not further damaged, stop the load disturbance load, and increase the one-way or two-way or three-way static load stress value applied to the rock sample test piece, repeat the above step S2 and the following experimental steps; if the rock sample test piece enters the damage Process, then observe and record the damage process, and the impact rockburst experiment ends;

2. The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the rock sample is taken from the rock mass at the site to be excavated.

3. The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S4 and S5, after the rock sample is not broken and the disturbance is stopped, the loading to the rock sample is improved. The one-way or two-way or three-way static load stress value is increased by the intensity of the disturbance load applied to the rock sample in the step S3.

The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the loading mode of the static load is a force loading mode or a displacement loading mode, wherein In the loading mode, the loading rate is 0.004-0.2 mm/s, and when the force loading mode is used, the loading rate is 0.05-2 kN/s.

The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the through-hole or the half-hole in the rock sample in the step S1 is circular or semi-circular. Or horseshoe shape.

6. The experimental method of simulating impact rockburst according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 The rock sample in the middle has a joint structure, and the rock sample with the joint structure is processed by on-site retrieval, or is made as follows:

(1) making a number of 5~10mm thick gypsum board or 3~8mm thick resin board and air drying;

(2) Bonding a number of air-dried gypsum board or resin sheets together to form a laminate and air drying; (3) Jointing the edge to cut the air-dried layered plaster into the required size and at the center The hole is machined to obtain a rock sample specimen with a joint structure.

7. The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the disturbance signal of the disturbance load comprises: a cyclic wave disturbance signal, a single pulse disturbance signal, a step pulse a disturbance signal, a noise wave disturbance signal, or a composite wave disturbance signal formed by superimposing any one of the above-mentioned cyclic wave disturbance signals and a ramp wave, or a superposition of the composite wave disturbance signal and the noise wave disturbance signal Disturbing the signal.

The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a recording step and/or a photographing step, when a phenomenon occurs on the surface of the rock sample, The miniature camera takes pictures and/or takes pictures of the destruction process.

9. An experimental method for simulating impact rockburst, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

51. Making a rock sample having a through hole or a half hole;

54. Under the disturbance load of the step S3, if the peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface of the hole, continue to maintain the disturbing load loading state in the S3 step for 0.5-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample is further damaged, if the rock sample If the test piece is not further damaged, stop the load disturbance load, and increase the intensity value of the disturbance load, repeat the above step S3 and the following experimental steps; if the rock sample enters the destruction process, observe and record the damage process, impact rock burst The experiment is over;

55. Under the disturbance load of the step S3, if no peeling phenomenon occurs on the inner surface surface of the hole of the rock sample test piece, continue to maintain the disturbing load loading state in the S3 step for 2-10 minutes to observe whether the rock sample test piece appears. Exfoliation phenomenon, if the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample is peeled off, repeat the above steps S4 and the following experimental steps; if there is no peeling on the inner surface of the hole of the rock sample, stop the disturbance loading, and To increase the intensity value of the disturbance load, repeat the above step S3 and the following experimental steps; if the rock sample specimen enters the failure process, observe and record the failure process, and the impact rockburst experiment ends.

10. The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 9, wherein in the step S1, the rock sample is taken from the rock mass at the site to be excavated.

1 1. The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 9, wherein the step

In S4 and S5, after the rock sample is not destroyed and the disturbance is stopped, the value of the one-way or two-way or three-way static load applied to the rock sample is increased, and the increase is the rock sample in the step S3. The strength of the disturbance load loaded by the specimen.

The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 9, wherein in the step S2, the loading mode of the static load is a force loading mode or a displacement loading mode, wherein In the loading mode, the loading rate is 0.004-0.2 mm/s, and when the force loading mode is employed, the loading rate is 0.05-2 kN/s. .

The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 9, wherein the through hole or the half hole of the rock sample in the step S1 is circular or semicircular. Or horseshoe shape.

14. The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to claim 9, wherein the rock sample in the step S1 has a joint structure, and the rock sample with the joint structure is taken on site. Back-made, or made as follows:

(2) bonding an air-dried gypsum board or a plurality of sheets of resin sheets together with an adhesive to form a laminate, which is air-dried;

(3) The joint direction cuts the air-dried layered plaster into the required size, and the hole is processed at the center line to obtain the rock sample with the joint structure.

15. The experimental method of simulating impact rockburst according to claim 9, wherein said step

In S3, the disturbance signal of the disturbance load comprises: a cyclic wave disturbance signal, a single pulse disturbance signal, a step pulse disturbance signal, a noise wave disturbance signal, or any one of the above-mentioned cyclic wave disturbance signals and a slope wave are superposed to form The composite wave disturbance signal is a superimposed disturbance signal formed by superimposing the composite wave disturbance signal and the noise wave disturbance signal.

The experimental method for simulating impact rockburst according to any one of claims 9-15, further comprising a recording step and/or a photographing step, when a phenomenon occurs on the surface of the rock sample, The miniature camera takes pictures and/or takes pictures of the destruction process.