CN104132844A - Dynamic disturbance induction coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device and experiment method - Google Patents
Dynamic disturbance induction coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device and experiment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic disturbance induction coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device and an experiment method. The dynamic disturbance induction coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device comprises an experiment box body, wherein front, rear, left and right side plates (5) of the experiment box body, an experiment box body top cover (2) and an experiment box body base plate (15) form a sealed cavity. The dynamic disturbance induction coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device is characterized in that the sealed cavity is separated through a ventilation steel plate (30) from the middle; the cavity between the experiment box body base plate (15) and the ventilation steel plate (30) is a simulation model cavity; a jack (3) is mounted between the experiment box body top cover (2) and the ventilation steel plate (30); stress wave conduction rods (13) are fixed on the left side plate and the right side plate of the sealed cavity; a power loading device (7) is mounted on the experiment box body; a data detection device is mounted on the sealed cavity. The problems that gas cannot be effectively prevented and treated due to an inaccurate experiment result as the conventional induction coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device does not consider the disturbance of a concentrative dynamic load in a far field and a complicated geological condition in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to simulation coal and Gas Outburst technology, relate in particular to a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation and experimental technique.
Background technology
Along with the increase of the coal mining degree of depth, enter deep high stress environment, architectonic effect significantly increases, the inducement of impacting disaster changes the disturbance acting in conjunction of concentrating dynamic load with far field of gathering of being concentrated dead load by near field into, coal and Gas Outburst disaster mechanism are more complicated, and existing research is coal and Gas Outburst characteristic research under static state or quasistatic effect mostly, cause energetic disturbance under complex geological condition to induce coal and Gas Outburst disaster can not carry out effective prediction and prevention, mine safety High-efficient Production is caused to very large threat, particularly along with the increase of mining depth, this class disaster problem will become more outstanding.For this reason, must strengthen the research to energetic disturbance induction coal and gas outburst mechanism under complex geological condition, the coal of particularly exploiting under the multiple physical field coupling of energetic disturbance, self-weight stress field, tectonic stress field and seepage field seems particularly important with the research of gas outburst mechanism and the development of corresponding experimental facilities.At present, the research method of coal and Gas Outburst rule mainly contains engineering site experiment, numerical simulation, outstanding statistics of features analysis and the test of laboratory analog simulation, because coal and Gas Outburst are a kind of dynamic phenomenons of complexity, the danger of its generation and suddenly make to be difficult to carry out Real-Time Monitoring research, therefore analog simulation experiment in chamber is the effective ways of Study on Coal and Gas Outburst rule by experiment.As far back as nineteen fifty-one USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) B.B. suddenly many top grades people just carried out coal and gas outburst simulation test first, started the new tool with Gas Outburst rule with simulation test Study on Coal, after this state scholar priority such as Canadian, Japanese has been carried out a series of coals and Gas Outburst analog simulation is tested.The people such as Deng Quan envelope have carried out coal and the gas outburst simulation test research of China first in 1989, through the research and development of nearly 60 years, coal and Gas Outburst analogue means obtain significant progress, test and develop into gradually three-dimensional simulation experiment by One-dimensional simulation, bringing out outstanding means opens fast till now aspis by early stage Bian detonator blasting and utilizes impact pouring weight to apply the means such as impact load, it is abundant that monitoring instrument, means and monitoring parameter become gradually, simulation coal sample size, charge pressure progressively become greatly, and sealing is also guaranteed gradually.But, existing analog simulation device become some there is not following problems:
One, general analog simulation device is only considered coal under static state or quasistatic effect and the characteristic research of Gas Outburst, in fact, have for 8669 times in the outstanding example of clear and definite operating type record in China, have blow out for 8362 times, supporting, coal breakage and the energetic disturbance operating type such as drill brought out outstanding, account for 96.5%, understand under energetic disturbance effect that coal and prevention and the improvement of Gas Outburst pests occurrence rule to coal and gas burst accident have important effect.
Two, after mineral resources enter deep mining, be subject to " three high disturbances " effect, the inducement of coal and Gas Outburst dynamic disaster changes the disturbance acting in conjunction of concentrating dynamic load with far field of gathering of being concentrated dead load by near field into, and architectonic effect is simultaneously also in remarkable increase.But the analog simulation experimental study of coal and Gas Outburst is not carried out energetic disturbance under complex geological condition and is brought out in the test of current analog simulation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention: a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation and experimental technique are provided, do not consider that to solve prior art induction coal and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation the disturbance of the concentrated dynamic load in far field and complex geological condition cause that experimental result is inaccurate can not effectively prevent and administer the problems such as gas.
Technical solution of the present invention:
A kind of energetic disturbance induction coal and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it comprises experimental box body, side plate all around, experimental box body top cover and a seal chamber of experimental box body base plate composition of experimental box body, in the middle of seal chamber, separate by air permeable steel plate, experimental box body base plate to the cavity between air permeable steel plate is analogy model chamber, between experimental box body top cover and air permeable steel plate, lifting jack is installed, on the left side plate of seal chamber, be fixed with stress wave conductive bar, power charger is installed on experimental box body, data detection device is installed on seal chamber.
Between experimental box body base plate and experimental box body top cover, there are at least four rhizoid bars to support, between screw mandrel and experimental box body base plate and experimental box body top cover, fix by nut, power charger is pendulum, the fork of pendulum is connected on the side of experimental box body top cover left and right, when pendulum is vertical with experimental box body top cover, the hammer portion of pendulum and the axle center of stress wave conductive bar are on same straight line, and the top of pendulum is provided with transmitter, between pendulum and the top of stress wave conductive bar, are provided with velometer.
Analogy model chamber is roof from top to bottom, coal seam and seat earth, and inside, coal seam has tunnel.
On the left side plate of analogy model chamber, be pasted with air-permeable mattress, stress wave conductive bar enters in coal seam through the air-permeable mattress on test box side, and the 30%-70% of stress wave conductive bar length enters coal seam.
The first displacement meter group and the first taseometer group are installed in roof; The second displacement meter group and the second taseometer group are installed in seat earth; At least 6 of the quantity of every group of taseometer and every group of displacement meter.
Between coal seam and roof, be equipped with transparent resin plate, transparent resin intralamellar part is provided with the second high-speed camera head, and tunnel internal frame is provided with supporting, and the first high-speed camera head is arranged in supporting, and gas density probe is also installed in supporting.
Be provided with at least two group sonic probes and one group of microseism probe at roof and seat earth interior zone.
On rear, the left and right side plate of experimental box body, have the first air admission hole, the second air admission hole and the 3rd air admission hole, on rear, left and right and front side board, be respectively equipped with the first barometer group, the second barometer group, the 3rd barometer group and four barometer groups.
A kind of energetic disturbance induction coal and its test method of Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it comprises the steps:
Texture of coal seam in step 1, assembling experimental box body and analogy model chamber, installs each detection means;
Step 2, utilize hydraulic jack (3) to apply original pressure to analogy model chamber, make more than primary stress in analogy model chamber reaches 0.1MPa.
Step 3, experimental box body is vacuumized, until test casing air pressure inside is less than 50pa, then inject gas by air admission hole;
Step 4, send by transmitter the front end that pendulum impacts stress wave conductive bar (13) and produce dynamic loading, this dynamic loading is delivered in analogy model the chamber in and forms energetic disturbance, and then induce coal and Gas Outburst;
Step 5, image data: acoustic emission signal and microseismic signals to tunnel gas density, terrestrial stress, roof, seat earth displacement, coal and rock before and after coal and Gas Outburst generation detect in real time.
Described in step 3, inject gas by air admission hole, gas method for implanting be: from low pressure to high pressure, inject step by step, at different levels between pressure differ 0.25Mpa, want interval 10-20 minute between at different levels.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Adopt technical solution of the present invention, compared with prior art, the present invention adopts pendulum to impact stress wave conductive bar front end and produces dynamic loading, this dynamic loading is delivered on the assigned address of scale model coal seam and forms energetic disturbance, under the combined action of energetic disturbance, pressure from surrounding rock and gas pressure, coal sample is broken and is outstanding from leakage test casing front side board opening; Monitor pendulum and impact the speed of stress wave conductive bar by velometer, and by detecting element, acoustic emission signal and the microseismic signals etc. of the tunnel gas density before and after outstanding, terrestrial stress, roof and floor displacement, coal and rock are detected in real time, just can induce the pests occurrence rule research of coal and Gas Outburst for the energetic disturbance under complex geological condition by the data message gathering reliable basis is provided; Method of the present invention is simple, and the apparatus structure adopting is simple, and result of use is good; Solve prior art induction coal and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation and do not considered that the disturbance of the concentrated dynamic load in far field and complex geological condition cause that experimental result is inaccurate can not effectively prevent and administer the problems such as gas.
brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the II---II cross-sectional schematic of Fig. 1.
embodiment:
A kind of energetic disturbance induction coal and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it comprises experimental box body, the side plate all around 5 of experimental box body, experimental box body top cover 2 and experimental box body base plate 15 form a seal chamber, in the middle of seal chamber, separate by air permeable steel plate 30, experimental box body base plate 15 to the cavity between air permeable steel plate 30 is analogy model chamber, between experimental box body top cover 2 and air permeable steel plate 30, lifting jack 3 is installed, on the left side plate of seal chamber, be fixed with stress wave conductive bar 13, power charger 7 is installed on experimental box body, data detection device is installed on seal chamber.
Lifting jack 3 provides vertically stress.
The effect of air permeable steel plate 30 is that the power of the lifting jack that the coal seam in casing is subject to can be uniformly distributed; Because air permeable steel plate 30 has gas penetration potential, make the good desorb of the gases such as gas and permeate in the object in experimental box body.
Between experimental box body base plate 15 and experimental box body top cover 2, there are at least four rhizoid bars 4 to support, fixing by nut 1 between screw mandrel and experimental box body base plate 15 and experimental box body top cover 2, power charger 7 is pendulum, the fork of pendulum is connected on experimental box body top cover 2 left and right sides, when pendulum is vertical with experimental box body top cover 2, the hammer portion of pendulum and the axle center of stress wave conductive bar 13 are on same straight line, pendulum is provided with transmitter, between the top of pendulum and stress wave conductive bar 13, be provided with velometer, send the speed of pendulum by controlling transmitter, the weight size of control pendulum and pendulum amplitude are controlled the size of dynamic loading, conduct energetic disturbance induction coal and Gas Outburst by stress wave conductive bar 13.
Analogy model chamber is roof 11 from top to bottom, coal seam 24 and seat earth 14, and 24 inside, coal seam have tunnel 9.
On the left side plate of analogy model chamber, be pasted with air-permeable mattress 6, stress wave conductive bar (13) enters in coal seam 24 through the air-permeable mattress 6 on test box side, the 30%-70% of stress wave conductive bar 13 length enters coal seam 24, adopt air-permeable mattress 6, make the gases such as gas better make desorption of mash gas and absorption and coal seam; The 30%-70% of stress wave conductive bar 13 length enters coal seam 24, and the stress wave that can make pendulum beat generation is delivered in coal seam 25 uniformly,
The first displacement meter group 8 and the first taseometer group 32 are installed in roof 11; The second displacement meter group 32 and the second taseometer group 12 are installed in seat earth 14; At least 6 of the quantity of every group of taseometer and every group of displacement meter; The object of taseometer group is to distribute in order to detect stress in coal bed, and displacement meter is the deformation in order to detect roof 11 and seat earth 24.
Between coal seam 24 and roof 11, be equipped with transparent resin plate 10, transparent resin plate 10 inside are provided with the second high-speed camera head 25, tunnel 9 internal frames are provided with supporting, the first high-speed camera head 22 is arranged in supporting, gas density probe 21 is also installed in supporting, and the object that transparent resin plate 10 is set is to facilitate the second high-speed camera head 25 for taking variation and the outstanding process of coal body in coal seam compression process; The first high-speed camera head 22 is arranged in supporting and observes rib and deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel to realize by the first high-speed camera head 22, gas density probe 21 is also installed, to detect in real time tunnel gas density in supporting.
Adopt transparent resin plate 10, for convenient install the second high-speed camera head 25 and convenient take it near coal seam disturbance destroy situation.
Be provided with at least two group sonic probes 18,29 and one group of microseism probe 23 at roof 11 and seat earth 14 interior zones.To realize the detection of carrying out acoustic emission in energetic disturbance induction coal and Gas Outburst, microseismic signals, judge fractured rock type according to signal type, and determine with acoustic emission, microseismic signals location can energetic disturbance induction coal and the feature of Gas Outburst signal.
On rear, the left and right side plate of experimental box body, have the first air admission hole 17, the second air admission hole 19 and the 3rd air admission hole 20, the object of air admission hole is to facilitate air feed, on rear, left and right and front side board, be respectively equipped with the first barometer group 16, the second barometer group 26, the 3rd barometer group 27 and four barometer groups 28, to can evenly detect the gaseous tension in analogue experiment installation, observation coal body gas pressure distribution, all air admission holes need sealing to stop up in process of the test.
A kind of energetic disturbance induction coal and its test method of Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it comprises the steps:
Texture of coal seam in step 1, assembling experimental box body and analogy model chamber, according to analogy model chamber roof 11 from top to bottom, coal seam 24 and seat earth 14, and each detection means is installed;
Step 2, utilize hydraulic jack 3 to apply original pressure to analogy model chamber, make more than primary stress in analogy model chamber reaches 0.1MPa.
Step 3, experimental box body is vacuumized, until test casing air pressure inside is less than 50pa, then inject gas by air admission hole; The air admission hole sealing of not using is stopped up.
Step 4, send by transmitter the front end that pendulum impacts stress wave conductive bar (13) and produce dynamic loading, this dynamic loading is delivered in analogy model the chamber in and forms energetic disturbance, and then induce coal and Gas Outburst;
Step 5, image data: acoustic emission signal and microseismic signals to tunnel gas density, terrestrial stress, roof, seat earth displacement, coal and rock before and after coal and Gas Outburst generation detect in real time.
Described in step 3, inject gas by air admission hole, gas method for implanting be: from low pressure to high pressure, inject step by step, at different levels between pressure differ 0.25Mpa, want interval 10-20 minute between at different levels; Object is in the coal body of initial stress area, to form gradually more and more higher free gas pressure and adsorption gas amount, guarantees that the gas pressure numerical value of scale model to be measured reaches requirement of experiment.
Further for example test method is carried out to refinement explanation below:
1, with reference to certain coal mine drilling data, obtain analogy model chamber and test required coal (rock) layer attribute, and obtain the analog intensity value of coal (rock) layer according to the requirement of simulated experiment, utilize preparation coal (rock) the layer analog materials such as sand, calcium carbonate, gypsum, borax, complete the moulding of analog simulation model in test casing, the installation of Data Detection element;
2, analog simulation model and coherent detection element are packed in the analogy model chamber of testing casing, utilize hydraulic jack to add primary stress, when primary stress is greater than 0.1Mpa when above, in the past excavation tunnel, side plate openings place, and apply suitable supporting, in digging process, form periphery supporting pressure distribution, and form effective thickness coal body; With vacuum pump by experimental box body vacuum pumping; Make air pressure be less than 50pa, then inject gas by air admission hole, inject gas (for safety, available CO by peripheral inlet port
2), gas injects and will from low pressure to high pressure, inject step by step, and the interval certain hours of wanting at different levels form gradually more and more higher free gas pressure and adsorption gas amount in the coal body of initial stress area, guarantee that the gas pressure numerical value of scale model to be measured reaches requirement of experiment;
3, reach after desired numerical value in primary stress and the gas pressure in analogy model chamber, sending pendulum by transmitter impacts stress wave conductive bar 13 and produces dynamic loading, this dynamic loading is delivered on the coal seam assigned address of scale model in analogy model chamber and forms energetic disturbance, under the combined action of energetic disturbance, pressure from surrounding rock and gas pressure, coal sample reduction outstanding from the opening of leakage test casing front side board, records coal and Gas Outburst by high-speed camera head; Measure pendulum from impacting the speed stress wave conductive bar 13 by velometer, and by detecting element, acoustic emission signal and the microseismic signals etc. of the tunnel gas density before and after outstanding, terrestrial stress, roof and floor displacement, coal and rock are detected in real time.
4, stop gas (or CO
2) supply, shed the stress that hydraulic jack applies, open test casing, take out scale model model, the destruction situation of record analysis analog simulation model.
Gas (or the CO that gas pressure is 99.9% by concentration
2) tank provides, gas permeation speed has digitizing gas flow apparatus measures.
experimental principle:before experiment, first experimental box body is carried out to application of vacuum, pump the air in scale model space, be then placed on experiment porch.Keep primary stress constant by hydraulic jack, by gas (or CO
2) to maintain gas pressure in experimentation constant for equalizing valve on tank.Reach after desired numerical value until primary stress and gas pressure, starting to send pendulum by transmitter hits stress wave conductive bar 13 and produces dynamic loading again, this dynamic loading is delivered on scale model assigned address and forms energetic disturbance, coal sample reduction side-prominent from leakage test casing under the combined action of energetic disturbance, pressure from surrounding rock and gas pressure.Finally by the data in the instruments such as velometer, primary stress controller, gas pressure controller, displacement meter, taseometer, sonic probe and microseism probe, draw energetic disturbance induction coal under complex geological condition and the pests occurrence rule of Gas Outburst.
Claims (10)
1. an energetic disturbance is induced coal and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it comprises experimental box body, the side plate all around (5) of experimental box body, experimental box body top cover (2) and a seal chamber of experimental box body base plate (15) composition, it is characterized in that: in the middle of seal chamber, separate by air permeable steel plate (30), experimental box body base plate (15) to the cavity between air permeable steel plate (30) is analogy model chamber, between experimental box body top cover (2) and air permeable steel plate (30), lifting jack (3) is installed, on the left side plate of seal chamber, be fixed with stress wave conductive bar (13), power charger (7) is installed on experimental box body, data detection device is installed on seal chamber.
2. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 1 and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: between experimental box body base plate (15) and experimental box body top cover (2), have at least four rhizoid bars (4) to support, fixing by nut (1) between screw mandrel and experimental box body base plate (15) and experimental box body top cover (2), power charger (7) is pendulum, the fork of pendulum is connected on the side of experimental box body top cover (2) left and right, when pendulum is vertical with experimental box body top cover (2), the axle center of the hammer portion of pendulum and stress wave conductive bar (13) is on same straight line, the top of pendulum is provided with transmitter, between the top of pendulum and stress wave conductive bar (13), be provided with velometer.
3. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 1 and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: analogy model chamber is roof (11) from top to bottom, coal seam (24) and seat earth (14), inside, coal seam (24) has tunnel (9).
4. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 1 and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: on the left side plate of analogy model chamber, be pasted with air-permeable mattress (6), stress wave conductive bar (13) enters in coal seam (24) through the air-permeable mattress (6) on test box side, and the 30%-70% of stress wave conductive bar (13) length enters coal seam (24).
5. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 3 and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, is characterized in that: the first displacement meter group (8) and the first taseometer group (32) are installed in roof (11); The second displacement meter group (32) and the second taseometer group (12) are installed in seat earth (14); At least 6 of the quantity of every group of taseometer and every group of displacement meter.
6. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 3 and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: between coal seam (24) and roof (11), be equipped with transparent resin plate (10), transparent resin plate (10) inside is provided with the second high-speed camera head (25), tunnel (9) internal frame is provided with supporting, the first high-speed camera head (22) is arranged in supporting, and gas density probe (21) is also installed in supporting.
7. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 3 and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, is characterized in that: be provided with at least two group sonic probes (18,29) and one group of microseism probe (23) at roof (11) and seat earth (14) interior zone.
8. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 1 and Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: on rear, the left and right side plate of experimental box body, have the first air admission hole (17), the second air admission hole (19) and the 3rd air admission hole (20), on rear, left and right and front side board, be respectively equipped with the first barometer group (16), the second barometer group (26), the 3rd barometer group (27) and four barometer groups (28).
9. energetic disturbance induction coal and its test method of Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it comprises the steps:
Texture of coal seam in step 1, assembling experimental box body and analogy model chamber, installs each detection means;
Step 2, utilize hydraulic jack (3) to apply original pressure to analogy model chamber, make more than primary stress in analogy model chamber reaches 0.1MPa;
Step 3, experimental box body is vacuumized, until test casing air pressure inside is less than 50pa, then inject gas by air admission hole;
Step 4, send by transmitter the front end that pendulum impacts stress wave conductive bar (13) and produce dynamic loading, this dynamic loading is delivered in analogy model the chamber in and forms energetic disturbance, and then induce coal and Gas Outburst;
Step 5, image data: acoustic emission signal and microseismic signals to tunnel gas density, terrestrial stress, roof, seat earth displacement, coal and rock before and after coal and Gas Outburst generation detect in real time.
10. a kind of energetic disturbance induction coal according to claim 9 and its test method of Gas Outburst analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: described in step 3, inject gas by air admission hole, gas method for implanting be: from low pressure to high pressure, inject step by step, between at different levels, pressure differs 0.25Mpa, wants interval 10-20 minute between at different levels.
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