CN102735600B - Method for testing coal sample seepage under true triaxial state - Google Patents

Method for testing coal sample seepage under true triaxial state Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102735600B
CN102735600B CN201210231726.7A CN201210231726A CN102735600B CN 102735600 B CN102735600 B CN 102735600B CN 201210231726 A CN201210231726 A CN 201210231726A CN 102735600 B CN102735600 B CN 102735600B
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backing plate
test specimen
gas
coal
pressure
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CN102735600A (en
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尹光志
许江
王倩
彭守建
黄滚
蒋长宝
王浩
程立朝
刘�东
李文璞
李波波
王维忠
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing coal sample seepage under a true triaxial state. The method comprises the steps of: 1) preparing a sample; 2) installing the sample; (3) filling oil, evacuating and vacuumizing; (4) loading; (5) absorbing by gas; (6) measuring seepage parameters; (7) stopping an experiment, and (8) storing data. According to the method, a real work condition can be really simulated and a theoretical basis is provided for solving on-site problems.

Description

Coal sample seepage flow method of testing under true three Spindle Status
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seepage flow method of testing of a kind of coal sample under true three Spindle Status.
Background technology
Coal and Gas Outburst are a kind of extremely complicated dynamic phenomenons occurring under coal mine, and it can be sprayed a large amount of coal a large amount of gas of gushing out, the safety in production of serious threat China's coal-mine and miner's life security within the utmost point short time to digging space by coal body.Therefore, add the research of strong coal and gas outburst mechanism very important.Research shows, coal and Gas Outburst are under the ringing of inside and outside stress, to make coal body produce the process of shear failure, while coal body generation local fracture being destroyed under the inside and outside agent effect that causes stress field, lithostructure and gas state and mobile variation to be brought out because of mining activity to form outstanding source, the vibration that produces some strength forms cyclic stress ripple repeated action on coal body, finally brings out coal and Gas Outburst and occurs.Combined action hypothesis thinks that coal and Gas Outburst are the coefficient results of physico-mechanical properties by terrestrial stress, gas, coal, it is the effect of intercoupling between terrestrial stress, gas and coal and rock physico-mechanical properties, but how on earth still very unclear the percentage contribution of three in coal and Gas Outburst be, especially acting in conjunction mechanism and the percentage contribution situation under true three-dimension stress field, high temperature, high gas permeation pressure condition, knows little about it.
Coal-bed gas (coal-seam gas) permeability is the physical parameter of gas seepage flow complexity in reflection coal seam, is also the important parameter of gas permeation fluid mechanics and engineering.Therefore, the research of the measuring method of coal-bed gas permeability or Gas Permeation Coefficients of Coal Seams is the gordian technique of gas permeation fluid mechanics development, and the key of a series of mine safety problems such as person's Study on Coal and Gas Outburst, gas explosion that are also Safety Work in Colliery is started with a little.
Coal seam reservoirs is a set of dual structure model being made up of natural crack and matrix pores, fissure system is the passage of coal-bed methane seepage migration, reservoir permeability is except being subject to self characteristics of fracture development control, contraction, coal seam buried depth, Coal Pore Structure and the electric field etc. of tectonic structure, terrestrial stress state, gas pressure, ground temperature, matrix of coal all affect coal seam permeability to some extent, and the evolution of permeability is the result of above-mentioned variant factors effect.
In prior art, measurement to permeability generally completes by seepage tests, but, the seepage characteristic research of existing seepage tests method under can not Reality simulation three-dimensional ground stress field condition, confined pressure bearing capacity is little, maximum can only be applied to several to tens MPas, can not reach the object of heavily stressed and high tectonic stress Coal Under layer On The Characters of Methane Seepage and migration rule of research deep, cannot carry out the Coalbed Gas Seepage experimental study under earth formation deep hyperosmosis condition, the accurately infiltrative Evolution of coal and rock under researching high-temperature condition, can not meet the object of perviousness rule research under the hot environment of adopting due to dark increase.
Along with the variation of exploitation scale and mining depth, the most of colliery of China will become the high gas production condition of low-permeable, and this type of condition gas control is global problem, does not solve for a long time, cause coal mine gas explosion multiple, safety and high efficiency is difficult to realize.This type of Coal Under layer gas production technique of growth and development, for the production efficiency that improves coal-seam gas, increases energy resource supply significant.
Waterfrac treatment simulation test is the important means of understanding crack propagation mechanism, and by the crushing test under simulation stratum condition, actual physics process that can fracture expansion is monitored, and the crack forming is directly observed.In addition, the various factors that affects crack propagation can be separated, carry out parameter study.
The hydraulic fracturing application of having succeeded in oil exploitation, but applied research in coal-bed gas exploitation still belongs to the starting stage, also exists a lot of problems to need further investigation.Although coal bed gas well is carried out to waterfrac treatment and well fracturing exists a lot of similarities, still there is very big difference in the two.There were significant differences with oil and gas reservoir in composition, structure, structure and mechanics physical property for coal petrography.Petroleum reservoir is generally sandstone, can regard homogeneous isotropic material as; And coal seam comprises a large amount of natural cracks, it is larger that mechanical property is affected by bedding, joint, strictly says, belongs to orthotropy or transverse isotropy material, in the crack initiation in crack and expansion mechanism, has essential difference.Crack propagation in coal seam is mainly expansion, the perforation of original crack under water under high pressure effect, forms Fracture Networks; And sandstone during by pressure break water under high pressure make lithostrome constantly produce new crack, therefore the research method of two kinds of rock stratum is also by different.In addition, the general buried depth in coal seam is more than 1000m, and the general buried depth of oil and gas reservoir is below 1500m, causes thus the two in the very large difference of the textural existence of terrestrial stress.Due to the greatest differences of above coal seam and petroleum reservoir, the crack crack initiation and the expansion extended characteristics that make further to study in coal seam hydraulic fracture seem particularly important.
Ground vertical drilling extraction coal-seam gas is to enter coal seam at ground drilling well, by drainage and step-down, the adsorbed gas in coal seam is desorbed, flow to ground by pit shaft, or utilize nature pressure reduction or gas pump extract gathering and remain in the coal-seam gas being subject among the rock in mining influence district, unquarried coal seam and in goaf by pit shaft.The impact that whether is subject to recovery activity according to coal seam can be divided into conventional perpendicular hole exploitation and the exploitation of mining influence district surface well.The former requires to have coal seam or the coal seam group that thickness is larger, the perviousness in coal seam is wanted better, and more favourable topographic condition, because Chinese coal seam belongs to high-order coal mostly, initial fissure is relatively less, the feature that ubiquity perviousness is low therefore also needs coal seam to carry out pressure break and make cave equal excitation measure to improve gas production rate in drilling well.Ground perpendicular hole exploiting coal bed methane, gas production rate is large, resource recovery is high, mobility strong, can form scale and benefit.This technology is not subject to space constraint, is not subject to time restriction, can shift to an earlier date 5 years, 10 years or longer time at the extensive gang of wells of ground configuration, carry out large area extraction; Simultaneously a well can reach geologic prospecting, adopt frontly take out in advance, minery extraction and goaf extraction, the special result of " a well four-function ".The method is in advance the gas in pre-mining height gassy seam is discharged and is used, and reduces the gas bearing capacity in coal seam, fundamentally solves coal mine gas explosion.
It is how to improve recovery ratio that the key of mining with surface drill well coal-seam gas studies a question.This comprises two aspects, and first technical elements comprises the technical indicator of design parameter and the extraction equipment self of drilling well; It two is the permeabilities in coal seam.The permeability in coal seam is larger, reaches the needed time of same exploitation effect just shorter.Because the technology such as drilling well, pressure break and extraction have been widely used at oil and gas industry, and obtained significant achievement, this drilling fracturing technology for coal seam has played good reference function undoubtedly.The major measure of current raising coal seam permeability comprises: 1, hydrofracturing renovation technique, dominant mechanism is: clamp-on by high drive current in the crack occurring after original in coal and pressure break, widen and stretch these cracks, and then in coal, produce more secondary fracture and crack, increase the gas penetration potential in coal seam; 2, multicomponent gas displacement technology; 3, directed pinniform horizontal drilling technology.
Under existing situation, though from cost or construction technology consider, hydrofracturing has very large advantage to coal seam transformation.But coal bed fracturing technology does not obtain ubiquity to be broken through, and except a few coalfield, most coalfields do not possess technology and the condition of ground extraction.As can be seen here, how the key issue of mining with surface drill well coal-seam gas technology is further converted to by the control design of ground drilling hydrofracturing increases the maximum length etc. that coal seam mutually connects the number in crack and increases fracture propagation, thereby reaches the object that improves coal seam permeability.And these are to be based upon how crack initiation of the borehole wall, crack under the effect of water under high pressure, how to expand and the basis of extending on.Therefore, the crack initiation of the borehole wall, crack propagation are extended, the theoretical research of crack maximum length, have more important realistic meaning to improving the permeability in coal seam and the exploitation effect of coal-bed gas.
In addition, enter after deep mining, the weighing factor of temperature factor in Deep Mine exploitation obviously increases during compared with shallow mining, temperature this in the negligible factor of shallow mining, in deep mining, produced important impact.Deep high temperature and the series of problems that produced thus become a difficult problem of deep mining, at present in deep mining about the research of temperature impact still in initially, stage qualitatively, mainly there is following problem: do not consider real ground stress environment; In the constitutive equation of the lower rheological model of rock of temperature, pressure coupling of setting up at present, distribute and temperature variation in the situation that, temperature is thought of as to linear factor also to be needed to prove and improvement in specific, concrete temperature field not yet; Deep rock mass crisp-impact of Yan conversion aspect temperature lacks and determines quantitative analysis, also do not form the concrete parametric equation that has universal significance, do not have to show reach, influence degree and the mechanism of temperature in crisp-Yan transforms by mathematics row formula clearly; Relation between calculating and two kinds of damages of Rock Damage under TM coupling is also needed further to studies have shown that; On coupling between temperature and pressure-water-time and under several persons influence each other situation temperature the form that affects, affect aspect the degree of depth and need further investigate; Should focus on the process of dynamic change to the research of temperature, analyse in depth from microcosmic and two angles of macroscopic view.Therefore under true three axle experimental situations, the research of the problems referred to above has important theory and practice meaning for the research of deep mining.
Traditional common triaxial apparatus can only be for the mechanical characteristic of the axi symmetrical stress state research soil body, and the real stress state of the soil body is generally asymmetric, is three-dimensional stress state sometimes, as plane strain etc.Along with going deep into of this structure of soil body theoretical research, it is also developed that some can simulate the test apparatus of the soil body under complex stress condition, as thin-walled hole cylinder torsional shear instrument, true triaxil tester, plane strain instrument etc.Wherein, true triaxil tester adopts cuboid sample, loads respectively from three principal directions of stress, can study the mechanical characteristic of the soil body under complex stress condition.True triaxil tester is since Kjellmn in 1936 designs successfully, successively develop multiple true triaxil tester both at home and abroad, according to the difference of the mode that applies of intermediate principal stress, generally can be divided into three kinds: rigidity level increased pressure board true triaxil tester, level of flexibility increased pressure board true triaxil tester and combination of rigidity and flexibility pressurization true triaxil tester.China did not also have independent development and introduces true triaxil tester before the eighties in 20th century, the development of true triaxil tester and experimental study afterwards also mainly carried out in Tsing-Hua University, Tongji University and Hohai University.Up to the present the research institution and the research institutions that, have true three axle equipment mainly comprise: Hohai University, China Mining University, Tsing-Hua University, Wuhan ground institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan, North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power and three of Luoyang Headquarters of the General Staff, China University Of Petroleum Beijing.
The actual triaxial testing apparatus of the designed exploitation of above unit, though deepened to a certain extent the progress of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, permeation fluid mechanics and colliery dynamic disaster, all can not realize the true triaxial test function of high temperature, high confining pressure and high seepage flow condition.Along with the variation of exploitation scale and mining depth, surrouding rock stress constantly increases, and the most of colliery of China will become the high gas production condition of low-permeable, this type of condition gas control is global problem, do not solve for a long time, cause coal mine gas explosion multiple, safety and high efficiency is difficult to realize.In addition, enter after deep mining, the weighing factor of temperature factor in Deep Mine exploitation obviously increases during compared with shallow mining, temperature this in the negligible factor of shallow mining, in deep mining, produced important impact.Deep high temperature and the series of problems that produced thus become a difficult problem of deep mining.Therefore the testing requirements that, above equipment all cannot meet research and solve the practical challenges that a period of time colliery faces at present and in the future.
Therefore those skilled in the art are devoted to develop and a kind ofly can simulate the solid coupling test system of true three axial flows of high temperature, high confining pressure and high seepage flow condition simultaneously and carry out Hydraulic Fracturing Tests and seepage tests under true three Spindle Status.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defect of prior art, technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of true three axial flows that can simultaneously simulate high temperature, high confining pressure and high seepage flow condition and consolidates coupling test system and carry out Hydraulic Fracturing Tests and seepage tests under true three Spindle Status.
For realizing the object of the first level of the present invention, the invention provides the solid coupling test system of a kind of multi-functional true three axial flows, comprise frame and the pressure chamber that can place coal petrography sample;
Described frame comprises bearing; On described bearing, be fixedly connected with framework;
The top of described framework is provided with the first lining; The top of described framework is fixedly connected with the first end cap; The outside of described the first end cap is fixed with the first oil cylinder; Described the first oil cylinder is connected with the first servo oil circuit device; The first oil cylinder piston and the first cylinder piston rod in described the first oil cylinder, are wholely set; In described the first oil cylinder piston and the first cylinder piston rod, be provided with the first oil cylinder displacement transducer;
The bottom of described framework is provided with the second lining; The bottom of described framework is fixedly connected with the second end cap; The outside of described the second end cap is fixed with the second oil cylinder; Described the second oil cylinder is connected with the second servo oil circuit device; The second oil cylinder piston and the second cylinder piston rod in described the second oil cylinder, are wholely set; In described the second oil cylinder piston and the second cylinder piston rod, be provided with the second oil cylinder displacement transducer;
The left part of described framework is provided with the 3rd lining; The left part of described framework is fixedly connected with the 3rd end cap; The outside of described the 3rd end cap is fixed with the 3rd oil cylinder; Described the 3rd oil cylinder is connected with the 3rd servo oil circuit device; The 3rd oil cylinder piston and the 3rd cylinder piston rod in described the 3rd oil cylinder, are wholely set; In described the 3rd oil cylinder piston and the 3rd cylinder piston rod, be provided with the 3rd oil cylinder displacement transducer;
The right part of described framework is provided with the 4th lining; The right part of described framework is fixedly connected with the 4th end cap; The outside of described the 4th end cap is fixed with the 4th oil cylinder; Described the 4th oil cylinder is connected with the 4th servo oil circuit device; The 4th oil cylinder piston and the 4th cylinder piston rod in described the 4th oil cylinder, are wholely set; In described the 4th oil cylinder piston and the 4th cylinder piston rod, be provided with the 4th oil cylinder displacement transducer;
Described pressure chamber comprises cylindrical shell; The top of described cylindrical shell is provided with first pressure chamber's lining, and bottom is provided with second pressure chamber's lining, and left part is provided with the 3rd pressure chamber's lining, and right part is provided with the 4th pressure chamber's lining;
In described first pressure chamber's lining, be fixedly connected with the first load sensor; Described the first load sensor is fixedly connected with the first centring sleeve; Described the first centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the first backing plate; Described the first centring sleeve comprises the first cylindrical portion and first base portion of one; The front end of described the first load sensor is provided with the first installation groove; In described the first cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts described the first installation groove; Described the first base portion is fixedly connected with described the first backing plate by bolt;
In described second pressure chamber's lining, be fixedly connected with the second load sensor; Described the second load sensor is fixedly connected with the second centring sleeve; Described the second centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the second backing plate; Described the second centring sleeve comprises the second cylindrical portion and second base portion of one; The front end of described the second load sensor is provided with the second installation groove; In described the second cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts described the second installation groove; Described the second base portion is fixedly connected with described the second backing plate by bolt;
In described the 3rd pressure chamber's lining, be fixedly connected with the 3rd load sensor; Described the 3rd load sensor is fixedly connected with the 3rd centring sleeve; Described the 3rd centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 3rd backing plate; Described the 3rd centring sleeve comprises the 3rd cylindrical portion and the 3rd base portion of one; The front end of described the 3rd load sensor is provided with the 3rd groove is installed; In described the 3rd cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts described the 3rd installation groove; Described the 3rd base portion is fixedly connected with described the 3rd backing plate by bolt;
In described the 4th pressure chamber's lining, be fixedly connected with the 4th load sensor; Described the 4th load sensor is fixedly connected with the 4th centring sleeve; Described the 4th centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 4th backing plate; Described the 4th centring sleeve comprises the 4th cylindrical portion and the 4th base portion of one; The front end of described the 4th load sensor is provided with the 4th groove is installed; In described the 4th cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts described the 4th installation groove; Described the 4th base portion is fixedly connected with described the 4th backing plate by bolt;
Described the first cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with first pressure chamber's lining with the first lining through described the first end cap; Described the second cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with second pressure chamber's lining with the second lining through described the second end cap; Described the 3rd cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 3rd pressure chamber's lining with the 3rd lining through described the 3rd end cap; Described the 4th cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 4th pressure chamber's lining with the 4th lining through described the 4th end cap;
The front end of described cylindrical shell is fixedly connected with five terminal lid; The outside of described five terminal lid is fixed with the 5th oil cylinder; Described the 5th oil cylinder is connected with the 5th servo oil circuit device; The 5th oil cylinder piston and the 5th cylinder piston rod in described the 5th oil cylinder, are wholely set; In described the 5th oil cylinder piston, be provided with the 5th oil cylinder displacement transducer; In described the 5th cylinder piston rod, be fixed with the 5th load sensor; Described the 5th pressure chamber's cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 5th centring sleeve; Described the 5th centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 5th backing plate; Described the 5th centring sleeve comprises the 5th cylindrical portion and the 5th base portion of one; The front end of described the 5th load sensor is provided with the 5th groove is installed; In described the 5th cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts described the 5th installation groove; Described the 5th base portion is fixedly connected with described the 5th backing plate by bolt;
The rear end of described cylindrical shell is fixedly connected with the 6th end cap; The outside of described the 6th end cap is fixed with the 6th oil cylinder; Described the 6th oil cylinder is connected with the 6th servo oil circuit device; The 6th oil cylinder piston and the 6th cylinder piston rod in described the 6th oil cylinder, are wholely set; In described the 6th oil cylinder piston, be provided with the 6th oil cylinder displacement transducer; In described the 6th cylinder piston rod, be fixed with the 6th load sensor; Described the 6th pressure chamber's cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 6th centring sleeve; Described the 6th centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 6th backing plate; Described the 6th centring sleeve comprises the 6th cylindrical portion and the 6th base portion of one; The front end of described the 6th load sensor is provided with the 6th groove is installed; In described the 6th cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts described the 6th installation groove; Described the 6th base portion is fixedly connected with described the 6th backing plate by bolt;
Described framework has and has cavity; In described cavity, be arranged with the first guide rail and the second guide rail in parallel; Described the first guide rail and the second guide rail pass through supporting leg;
On described the first guide rail and the second guide rail, be provided with pressure chamber's bearing assembly; Described pressure chamber bearing assembly comprises the linear bearing coordinating with guide rail; Described linear bearing is fixedly connected with and connects piece; The described piece that connects is fixedly connected with the bottom of described pressure chamber.
In order to do gas flow test, on described the first backing plate, be provided with the first flow and the second runner that communicate with each other; Described first flow is along the horizontally set of described the first backing plate; The center that described the second runner is positioned at described the first backing plate is to downward-extension; Described the first backing plate is provided with air permeable plate in the exit of described the second runner; On described the second backing plate, be provided with the 3rd runner and the 4th runner that communicate with each other; Described the 3rd runner is along the horizontally set of described the second backing plate; Upwards extend at the center that described the 4th runner is positioned at described the second backing plate; On described cylindrical shell, be provided with the air valve that can be communicated with described first flow and the 3rd runner; On described cylindrical shell, be provided with at least one oil-in and at least one oil-out.
In order to realize different stress under true three axle loading environments, different temperatures environment, acoustic emission detection and location in the true three axial compression scissor test processes of coal petrography under different tests type and different coal lithotypes condition, analyze sound emission signal characteristic and affect coal petrography and press the relation between each factor of shear fracture, inquire into coal petrography and press propagation law and the decay characteristics of acoustic emission signal in shear fracture process, and the acoustic emission signal in coal petrography rupture process is positioned, analyze truly high confining pressure in stress field environment, hyperosmosis power, the temporal and spatial evolution that under high temperature, coal petrography destroys, explain coal and Gas Outburst genesis mechanism further to disclose, On The Characters of Methane Seepage, with hydrofracturing principle, on described the 5th backing plate and the 6th backing plate, be provided with probe mounting hole, described probe mounting hole is welded with plug near one end of backing plate inner side, is combined with the first bolt near the one end in backing plate outside, between described the first bolt and the end face of backing plate, be provided with refractory seals packing ring, the inner side of described plug is provided with sound source probe, between described sound source probe and the end face of described the first bolt, be pressed with spring, on described the first bolt, be provided with the first axially extending bore, in described the first axially extending bore, be combined with the second bolt, on described the second bolt, be provided with the second axially extending bore, the external wire of described sound source probe picks out from described the first axially extending bore and the second axially extending bore, on described cylindrical shell, be provided with the acoustic emission joint picking out for described sound source probe external wire.
For improving the reliability of sound source probe, described the first axially extending bore comprises taper hole; The aperture of described taper hole is along diminishing gradually near the direction of backing plate inner side; In described the first axially extending bore, be positioned at described taper hole place and be provided with cutting ferrule; Described the second bolt is arranged on the outside of described cutting ferrule; The front end of described cutting ferrule is coniform, and its tapering is less than the tapering of described taper hole; The front end edge of described cutting ferrule is axially provided with at least two open slots; Described open slot is uniform at circumferencial direction.
For ease of the installation of pressure chamber and sample, below, described pressure chamber be provided with six groups described in pressure chamber's bearing assembly, wherein, first group of pressure chamber's assembly is fixedly connected with described the 5th oil cylinder; Second group of pressure chamber's assembly is fixedly connected with described five terminal lid; The 3rd group of pressure chamber's assembly is fixedly connected with the front end of described cylindrical shell; The 4th group of pressure chamber's assembly is fixedly connected with the rear end of described cylindrical shell; The 5th group of pressure chamber's assembly is fixedly connected with described the 6th end cap; The 6th group of pressure chamber's assembly is fixedly connected with described the 6th oil cylinder.
In order to do Hydraulic Fracturing Tests, the fracturing pipe that described the second backing plate is threaded overhanging at described the 4th runner place.
For ease of accurately measuring the microdeformation of test specimen itself, described the first backing plate, the second backing plate, the 3rd backing plate, the 4th backing plate, the 5th backing plate, the 6th backing plate are the square backing plate that area equates;
The length of side of described the first backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the first base portion of described the first centring sleeve;
The length of side of described the second backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the second base portion of described the second centring sleeve;
The length of side of described the 3rd backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 3rd base portion of described the 3rd centring sleeve;
The length of side of described the 4th backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 4th base portion of described the 4th centring sleeve;
The length of side of described the 5th backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 5th base portion of described the 5th centring sleeve;
The length of side of described the 6th backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 6th base portion of described the 6th centring sleeve;
The edge of described the 3rd backing plate is fixed with to the first fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the first backing plate with to the second fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the second backing plate; The edge of described the 4th backing plate is fixed with to the 3rd fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the first backing plate with to the 4th fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the second backing plate;
Described the first fixed mount is fixed with the first test specimen displacement transducer near the end of described the first backing plate; Described the 3rd fixed mount is fixed with the first test specimen displacement transducer extension rod near the end of described the first backing plate; Described the first test specimen displacement transducer and the first test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are positioned at the outside of described the first backing plate, and just to arranging;
Described the second fixed mount is fixed with the second test specimen displacement transducer near the end of described the second backing plate; Described the 4th fixed mount is fixed with the second test specimen displacement transducer extension rod near the end of described the second backing plate; Described the second test specimen displacement transducer and the second test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are positioned at the outside of described the second backing plate, and just to arranging;
Described the first test specimen displacement transducer and described the second test specimen displacement transducer are oppositely arranged; The first test specimen displacement transducer extension rod and described the second test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are oppositely arranged;
The edge of described the 5th backing plate is fixed with to the 5th fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 3rd backing plate with to the 6th fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 4th backing plate; The edge of described the 6th backing plate is fixed with to the 7th fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 3rd backing plate with to the 8th fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 4th backing plate;
Described the 7th fixed mount is fixed with the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer near the end of described the 3rd backing plate; Described the 5th fixed mount is fixed with the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer extension rod near the end of described the 3rd backing plate; Described the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer and the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are positioned at the outside of described the 3rd backing plate, and just to arranging;
Described the 8th fixed mount is fixed with the 4th test specimen displacement transducer near the end of described the 4th backing plate; Described the 6th fixed mount is fixed with the 4th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod near the end of described the 4th backing plate; Described the 4th test specimen displacement transducer and the 4th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are positioned at the outside of described the 4th backing plate, and just to arranging;
Described the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer and described the 4th test specimen displacement transducer are oppositely arranged; The 3rd test specimen displacement transducer extension rod and described the 4th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are oppositely arranged;
The edge of described the first backing plate is fixed with to the 9th fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 5th backing plate with to the tenth fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 6th backing plate; The edge of described the second backing plate is fixed with to the 11 fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 5th backing plate with to the 12 fixed mount of 45 ° of inclinations of described the 6th backing plate;
Described the 9th fixed mount is fixed with the 5th test specimen displacement transducer near the end of described the 5th backing plate; Described the 11 fixed mount is fixed with the 5th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod near the end of described the 5th backing plate; Described the 5th test specimen displacement transducer and the 5th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are positioned at the outside of described the 5th backing plate, and just to arranging;
Described the tenth fixed mount is fixed with the 6th test specimen displacement transducer near the end of described the 6th backing plate; Described the 12 fixed mount is fixed with the 6th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod near the end of described the 6th backing plate; Described the 6th test specimen displacement transducer and the 6th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are positioned at the outside of described the 6th backing plate, and just to arranging;
Described the 5th test specimen displacement transducer and described the 6th test specimen displacement transducer are oppositely arranged; Described the 5th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod and described the 6th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod are oppositely arranged.
For the interference that reduces to produce between each backing plate border, and improve the sealing of pressing plate to test specimen, the middle part of each fixed mount is fixed with rubber press strip; The space between adjacent two backing plates is close in the outer face of described rubber press strip.
In order to make pressure indoor temperature in the default condition of high temperature, the top of described framework is provided with the high temperature oil entrance being communicated with described cavity; The bottom of described framework is provided with the high temperature oil outlet being communicated with described cavity.
For realizing the object of the present invention's the second aspect, the invention provides a kind of Hydraulic Fracturing Tests, comprise the following steps:
1) prepare test specimen: 200mm × 200mm × 200mm standard cube body coal petrography sample that coal petrography sample is processed into, and the each length of side of test specimen is greater than 2% of the backing plate length of side, to reduce the interference between different directions load; After the physical dimension of sample machines, get out diameter 12mm on the edge, middle part of sample perpendicular to the direction of predetermined face, the fracturing hole of long 100mm, and with acetone or alcohol cleaning, wait for to test specimen dry.
2) test specimen is installed: will in the fracturing hole of test specimen, be inserted in fracturing pipe, test specimen is placed on the second backing plate, then test specimen and the first backing plate are aligned, be inserted in together pyrocondensation gum cover, blow contracting gum cover with hair dryer hot blast, ensure that gum cover closely sticks with between test specimen, the first backing plate and second together with; Test specimen, the first backing plate and the second backing plate are put into pressure chamber's assigned address, and the first backing plate is connected with the first centring sleeve, the second backing plate is connected with the second centring sleeve.
3) prestrain: log-on data acquisition system harmony transmission test set, in advance by up and down all around the power of six direction be loaded on the 2-5% of predetermined load value, to check whether there are abnormal conditions.
4) load: adopt power control mode to load, substep CYCLIC LOADING successively, three step numbers that direction is divided equate, to prevent that test specimen from being damaged by pressure, and more accurately simulate actual condition; Taking above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, loading sequence is followed successively by Z-direction → X to → Y-direction → Z-direction, circulation increases progressively 1MPa successively to predetermined load value.
5) hydrofracturing: open servomotor water regulator, opening stop valve injects water under high pressure in test specimen, and hydraulic pressure adopts hierarchical loading, every grade of pressure reduction 1MPa increases step by step, when bust appears in water injection pressure, can stop servomotor water regulator.
6) unloading: sequence of unloading is Y-direction → X to → Z-direction → Y-direction, the circulation 1MPa that successively decreases successively.
7) all data of save data acquisition system record; Take out test specimen, observe test specimen form.
For realizing the object of the present invention's the 3rd aspect, the invention provides a kind of seepage tests, comprise the steps:
1) prepare test specimen: the original coal cinder plastic sheeting good seal of fetching from scene is placed in wooden case, then water with thin orthopaedics aggregate concrete, to fill up the gap between coal cinder and wooden case, after concrete hardening completely, get core with corning machine again, finally utilize grinding machine by the coal core careful of taking-up be polished into 200mm × 200mm × 200mm raw coal cube coal sample, and it is placed in to drying in oven, then deposit with drying box;
Or, got original coal cinder is pulverized with comminutor, selecting coal particle size by Vibration Screen is the pulverized coal particle between 40～80 orders, then in the coal dust screening at these, add a small amount of pure water and be evenly placed on the coal sample that is pressed into 200mm × 200mm × 200mm in mould on 200t stiff experiment machine with the pressure of 100MPa, after finally the moulded coal coal sample preparing being dried, be positioned in drying box.
2) test specimen is installed: for ensureing impermeability, first with 704 silicon rubber, each coal sample test specimen side is smeared to the glue-line of one deck 1mm, glue-line to be spread parches completely; Test specimen is placed on the second backing plate, then test specimen and the first backing plate is aligned, be inserted in together pyrocondensation gum cover, blow contracting gum cover with hair dryer hot blast, ensure that gum cover closely sticks with between test specimen, the first backing plate and second together with; Test specimen, the first backing plate and the second backing plate are put into pressure chamber's assigned address, and the first backing plate is connected with the first centring sleeve, the second backing plate is connected with the second centring sleeve; Gas inlet pipe in pressure chamber and escape pipe are connected with inlet suction port and the air outlet adapter of the first backing plate and the second backing plate respectively; On each backing plate, connect each test specimen displacement measurement sensor and test specimen displacement transducer extension rod; Hermetically closing pressure chamber.
(3) oil-filled emptying with vacuumize: power-on, log-on data acquisition system and controller, start each oil cylinder, in advance the power of three directions is loaded on to the 2-5% of predetermined load value; Emptying oil-filled to pressure chamber, oil temperature is actual condition temperature; Close the air intake opening stop valve being connected with first flow on upper padding plate and the second runner, open the gas outlet stop valve being connected with the 3rd runner on lower bolster and the 4th runner, by outside gas outlet, test specimen is vacuumized, continue two hours, vacuum tightness reaches 1000Pa; Close vacuum pump, close gas outlet stop valve.
(4) load: start for high-pressure oil pump, utilize independently high-pressure oil pump to oiling pressurization in pressure chamber, ensure that the force value of pump is higher than Gas seepage pressure 2%; Employing power control mode loads, substep CYCLIC LOADING successively, and three step numbers that direction is divided equate, to prevent that test specimen from being damaged by pressure, and more accurately simulate actual condition; Taking above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, loading sequence is followed successively by Z-direction → X to → Y-direction → Z-direction, circulation increases progressively 1MPa successively to predetermined load value; In the cavity of framework, inject high temperature wet goods, and open temp control system, thereby make in pressure chamber oil temperature constant.
(5) gas adsorption: open gas gas cylinder reduction valve, open methane gas supercharging device, open air intake opening stop valve, be filled with gas to test specimen, observe the dynamic change situation of gas pressure, wait after flowmeter numerical stability, close outlet shutoff valve; Adsorb 12 hours, until adsorption equilibrium.
(6) measure seepage parameters: open gas outlet stop valve; In observed data acquisition system, gas outlet pressure changes rule over time, waits for to gas outlet gas pressure stable; Modulation X, Y, Z are respectively to pressure, load mode, gas pressure; The following parameter of dynamic measurement: oil pressure, X, Y, Z triaxial pressure, gas pressure, test specimen transversal displacement, test specimen axial displacement, temperature, gas flow etc.
(7) experiment stops: first turning off methane gas supercharging device, turn off gas gas cylinder reduction valve, then lay down high-pressure oil pump, finally unloading, sequence of unloading is Y-direction → X to → Z-direction → Y-direction, the circulation 1MPa that successively decreases successively, carry unloaded after, turn off the oil pump that each oil cylinder is corresponding; Turn off again temperature control system.
(8) data storage: all data of save data acquisition system record; Take out test specimen, observe test specimen form.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is mainly used in carrying out deep heavily stressed and tectonic stress field, hyperosmosis power Coal Under and gas outburst mechanism, coal-seam gas Penetration Signature and hydrofracturing mechanism, and the research work such as rock mechanics based under true three axles and hot conditions.Mainly study in heavily stressed and tectonic stress field, different loading speeds under dull and periodic loading, different moisture state, differently destructive process, strength characteristic and the Acoustic emission of stress field, different stress level, different stress path loading rock type materials, different loading speeds, different gas pressure, differently destructive process, strength characteristic and the Acoustic emission of stress field, different stress level, different stress path, different-grain diameter, different forming pressure, different cohesive strength raw coal and moulded coal; Under, tectonic stress field heavily stressed in deep, hyperosmosis power condition, carry out the differently Evolution of stress, different gas pressure, different water cut coal containing methane gas rock permeability research under dull and periodic loading, and the coupling Mechanism Study between terrestrial stress, gas pressure etc. and Permeability Oe Coal And Porous Rock And Fractured Rock under the condition of adopting, thereby disclose to a deeper level Methane Transport in Coal Seam mechanism; Research moulded coal and raw coal sample be the Changing Pattern research such as parting pressure when hydrofracturing, fracture azimuth, fracture length in different stress field, from test angle, the expansion of hydraulic fracture is extended and study; Study mechanics, distortion, intensity, damage, the rheological characteristics of the deep coal petrography under true triaxial stress and hot environment.
The present invention can further disclose that deep is heavily stressed, hyposmosis coal petrography hydrofracturing mechanism and seepage characteristic under tectonic stress field, hyperosmosis power condition; Further under heavily stressed, the tectonic stress field in research deep, hyperosmosis power condition, the effect of intercoupling between terrestrial stress, gas and the physico-mechanical properties of coal, rock mass break and evolution law of cracks and the combined action mechanism to coal and Gas Outburst thereof, to disclose coal petrography shear fracture, seepage characteristic and coal and gas outburst mechanism on more profound; Further mechanics, distortion, intensity, damage, the rheological characteristics of the deep coal petrography under the true triaxial stress of research and hot environment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing at I place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing at II place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing at III place in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing at IV place in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of pressure chamber in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the partial enlarged drawing at V place in Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8.
Figure 11 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8.
Figure 12 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of sound source probe in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 is the partial enlarged drawing at V place in Figure 12.
Figure 14 is the structural representation of cutting ferrule in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 15 is the upward view of Figure 14.
Figure 16 is the structural representation at short transverse backing plate in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17 is the partial enlarged drawing at VI place in Figure 16.
Figure 18 is the structural representation at left and right directions backing plate in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 is the structural representation at fore-and-aft direction backing plate in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 20 is the installation process schematic diagram of test specimen in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
As shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 19, the solid coupling test system of a kind of multi-functional true three axial flows, comprises frame 100 and the pressure chamber 200 that can place coal petrography sample, and frame 100 comprises bearing 1, is fixedly connected with framework 2 on bearing 1.
The top of framework 2 is provided with the first lining 3, and the outside that the top of framework 2 is fixedly connected with the first end cap 4, the first end caps 4 is fixed with the first oil cylinder 5, the first oil cylinders 5 and is connected with the first servo oil circuit device 6.In the first oil cylinder 5, be wholely set in the first oil cylinder piston 7 and the first cylinder piston rod 8, the first oil cylinder pistons 7 and the first cylinder piston rod 8 and be provided with the first oil cylinder displacement transducer 10.
The bottom of framework 2 is provided with the second lining, and the bottom of framework 2 is fixedly connected with the second end cap, and the outside of the second end cap is fixed with the second oil cylinder, and the second oil cylinder is connected with the second servo oil circuit device.In the second oil cylinder, be wholely set the second oil cylinder piston and the second cylinder piston rod, in the second oil cylinder piston and the second cylinder piston rod, be provided with the second oil cylinder displacement transducer.
The left part of framework 2 is provided with the 3rd lining, and the left part of framework 2 is fixedly connected with the 3rd end cap, and the outside of the 3rd end cap is fixed with the 3rd oil cylinder, and the 3rd oil cylinder is connected with the 3rd servo oil circuit device.In the 3rd oil cylinder, be wholely set the 3rd oil cylinder piston and the 3rd cylinder piston rod, in the 3rd oil cylinder piston and the 3rd cylinder piston rod, be provided with the 3rd oil cylinder displacement transducer.
The right part of framework 2 is provided with the 4th lining, and the right part of framework 2 is fixedly connected with the 4th end cap, and the outside of the 4th end cap is fixed with the 4th oil cylinder, and the 4th oil cylinder is connected with the 4th servo oil circuit device.In the 4th oil cylinder, be wholely set the 4th oil cylinder piston and the 4th cylinder piston rod, in the 4th oil cylinder piston and the 4th cylinder piston rod, be provided with the 4th oil cylinder displacement transducer.
Pressure chamber 200 comprises cylindrical shell 11, and the top of cylindrical shell 11 is provided with first pressure chamber's lining 9, and bottom is provided with second pressure chamber's lining, and left part is provided with the 3rd pressure chamber's lining, and right part is provided with the 4th pressure chamber's lining.
In first pressure chamber's lining 9, be fixedly connected with the first load sensor 12, the first load sensors 12 and be fixedly connected with the first centring sleeve 14, the first centring sleeve 14 is fixedly connected with the first backing plate 13a.The first centring sleeve 14 comprises that the first cylindrical portion 141 of one and the front end of the first base portion 142, the first load sensors 12 are provided with the first installation groove 121; Bolt 41, the first base portions 142 that are provided with insertion the first installation groove in the first cylindrical portion 141 are fixedly connected with the first backing plate 13a by bolt.
In second pressure chamber's lining, be fixedly connected with the second load sensor, the second load sensor is fixedly connected with the second centring sleeve, and the second centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the second backing plate 13b.The second centring sleeve comprises the second cylindrical portion and second base portion of one, and the front end of the second load sensor is provided with the second installation groove; In the second cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts the second installation groove, the second base portion is fixedly connected with the second backing plate 13b by bolt.
In the 3rd pressure chamber's lining, be fixedly connected with the 3rd load sensor, the 3rd load sensor is fixedly connected with the 3rd centring sleeve, and the 3rd centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 3rd backing plate 13c.The 3rd centring sleeve comprises the 3rd cylindrical portion and the 3rd base portion of one, and the front end of the 3rd load sensor is provided with the 3rd groove is installed; In the 3rd cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts the 3rd installation groove, the 3rd base portion is fixedly connected with the 3rd backing plate 13c by bolt.
In the 4th pressure chamber's lining, be fixedly connected with the 4th load sensor, the 4th load sensor is fixedly connected with the 4th centring sleeve, and the 4th centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 4th backing plate 13d.The 4th centring sleeve comprises the 4th cylindrical portion and the 4th base portion of one, and the front end of the 4th load sensor is provided with the 4th groove is installed; In the 4th cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts the 4th installation groove, the 4th base portion is fixedly connected with the 4th backing plate 13d by bolt.
The first cylinder piston rod 8 is fixedly connected with first pressure chamber's lining 9 with the first lining 3 through the first end cap 4, the second cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with second pressure chamber's lining with the second lining through the second end cap, the 3rd cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 3rd pressure chamber's lining with the 3rd lining through the 3rd end cap, and the 4th cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 4th pressure chamber's lining with the 4th lining through the 4th end cap.
The front end of cylindrical shell 11 is fixedly connected with five terminal lid, and the outside of five terminal lid is fixed with the 5th oil cylinder, and the 5th oil cylinder is connected with the 5th servo oil circuit device.The 5th oil cylinder piston and the 5th cylinder piston rod in the 5th oil cylinder, are wholely set, in the 5th oil cylinder piston, be provided with the 5th oil cylinder displacement transducer, in the 5th cylinder piston rod, be fixed with the 5th load sensor, the 5th pressure chamber's cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 5th centring sleeve, and the 5th centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 5th backing plate 13e.The 5th centring sleeve comprises the 5th cylindrical portion and the 5th base portion of one, and the front end of the 5th load sensor is provided with the 5th groove is installed; In the 5th cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts the 5th installation groove, the 5th base portion is fixedly connected with the 5th backing plate 13e by bolt.
The rear end of cylindrical shell 11 is fixedly connected with the 6th end cap, and the outside of the 6th end cap is fixed with the 6th oil cylinder, and the 6th oil cylinder is connected with the 6th servo oil circuit device.The 6th oil cylinder piston and the 6th cylinder piston rod in the 6th oil cylinder, are wholely set, in the 6th oil cylinder piston, be provided with the 6th oil cylinder displacement transducer, in the 6th cylinder piston rod, be fixed with the 6th load sensor, the 6th pressure chamber's cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the 6th centring sleeve, and the 6th centring sleeve is fixedly connected with the 6th backing plate 13f.The 6th centring sleeve comprises the 6th cylindrical portion and the 6th base portion of one, and the front end of the 6th load sensor is provided with the 6th groove is installed; In the 6th cylindrical portion, be provided with the bolt that inserts the 6th installation groove, the 6th base portion is fixedly connected with the 6th backing plate 13f by bolt.
In the present embodiment, the size of each backing plate equates.
In pressure chamber 200, be provided with the pressure transducer plug 27 connecting one to one with each load sensor, institute's measuring pressure signal of load sensor spreads out of from pressure transducer plug 27 by wiring.
Framework 2 has and has cavity 15, and pressure chamber 200 can be placed in cavity 15.In cavity 15, be arranged with the first guide rail 16 and the second guide rail 16b in parallel, the first guide rail 16 and the second guide rail 16b support by leg 18.
On the first guide rail 16 and the second guide rail 16b, be provided with pressure chamber's bearing assembly 17, pressure chamber's bearing assembly 17 comprises the linear bearing 17a coordinating with guide rail, and linear bearing 17a is fixedly connected with and connects piece 17b, connects piece 17b and is fixedly connected with the bottom of pressure chamber 200.Taking pressure chamber's bearing assembly of the first guide rail and the second guide rail left and right relative position as one group, 200 belows, pressure chamber are provided with six groups of pressure chamber's bearing assemblies 17, wherein, first group of pressure chamber's assembly is fixedly connected with the 5th oil cylinder, second group of pressure chamber's bearing assembly is fixedly connected with five terminal lid, the 3rd group of pressure chamber's bearing assembly is fixedly connected with the front end of cylindrical shell 11, the 4th group of pressure chamber's bearing assembly is fixedly connected with the rear end of cylindrical shell 11, the 5th group of pressure chamber's bearing assembly is fixedly connected with the 6th end cap, and the 6th group of pressure chamber's bearing assembly is fixedly connected with the 6th oil cylinder.
On the first backing plate 13, be provided with the first flow 19 and the second runner 20 that communicate with each other, first flow 19 is along the horizontally set of the first backing plate 13, the second runner 20 is positioned at the first backing plate 13 center to downward-extension, and the first backing plate 13 is provided with air permeable plate 21 in the exit of the second runner 20.First flow 19 places are provided with the first joint, for air inlet.
On the second backing plate 13b, be provided with the 3rd runner 22 that communicates with each other and the 4th runner 23, the three runners 22 horizontally set along the second backing plate 13b, the 4th runner 23 is positioned at the second backing plate 13b center and upwards extends.The fracturing pipe 24 that the second backing plate 13b is threaded overhanging at the 4th runner 23 places.The 3rd runner 22 places arrange the second joint, and the second joint can be used for giving vent to anger or feed liquor.
Cylindrical shell 11 tops are provided with a high-pressure gas-liquid mixing valve 42, middle part is provided with four high-pressure gas-liquid mixing valves 42, in test, general is done gas vent or inlet with one, other is for subsequent use, each high-pressure gas-liquid mixing valve all can be connected with the first joint or the second joint, each high-pressure gas-liquid valve all can be connected with external source of the gas or liquid source simultaneously, passes into gas or liquid thereby realize to test specimen.On cylindrical shell, be provided with oil-in 29a and oil-out 29b.
Attenuation characteristic according to sound wave in coal and rock, take into full account and realize to greatest extent reasonably location of data receiver memory, taken into account the operability on mould simultaneously, on four angles of the 5th backing plate 13e and the 6th backing plate 13f, be provided with 4 probe mounting holes, amount to 8, thereby acoustic emission device 300 can be installed.
Probe mounting hole is welded with plug 31 near one end of backing plate inner side, is combined with between the first bolt 32, the first bolts 32 and the end face of backing plate and is provided with refractory seals packing ring 40 near the one end in backing plate outside.
The inner side of plug 31 is provided with sound source probe 33, between sound source probe 33 and the end face of the first bolt 32, be pressed with spring 34, on the first bolt 32, be provided with the first axially extending bore 35, in the first axially extending bore 35, be combined with the second bolt 36, on the second bolt 36, be provided with the second axially extending bore 37, the external wire 39 of sound source probe 33 picks out from the first axially extending bore 35 and the second axially extending bore 37.
The first axially extending bore 35 comprises taper hole 35a, the aperture of taper hole 35a is along diminishing gradually near the direction of backing plate inner side, in the first axially extending bore 35, be positioned at taper hole 35a place and be provided with cutting ferrule 38, the second bolt 36 is arranged on the outside of cutting ferrule 38, the front end of cutting ferrule 38 is coniform, its tapering is less than the tapering of taper hole 35a, and the front end edge of cutting ferrule 38 is axially provided with at least two open slots 38, and open slot 38 is uniform at circumferencial direction.
On cylindrical shell 11, be provided with corresponding with acoustic emission device, the acoustic emission joint 30 picking out for sound source probe external wire 39.
In the present embodiment, the first backing plate 13a, the second backing plate 13b, the 3rd backing plate 13c, the 4th backing plate 13d, the 5th backing plate 13e, the 6th backing plate 13f are the square backing plate that area equates.
The length of side of the first backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the first base portion of the first centring sleeve; The length of side of the second backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the second base portion of the second centring sleeve; The length of side of the 3rd backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 3rd base portion of the 3rd centring sleeve; The length of side of the 4th backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 4th base portion of the 4th centring sleeve; The length of side of the 5th backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 5th base portion of the 5th centring sleeve; The length of side of the 6th backing plate is greater than the external diameter of the 6th base portion of the 6th centring sleeve.
The edge of the 3rd backing plate 13c is fixed with to the first fixed mount 44a of the first backing plate 13a inclination at 45 ° with to the second fixed mount 44b of the second backing plate 13b inclination at 45 °; The edge of the 4th backing plate is fixed with to the 3rd fixed mount 45a of the first backing plate inclination at 45 ° with to the 4th fixed mount 45b of the second backing plate inclination at 45 °.
The first fixed mount 44a is fixed with the first test specimen displacement transducer 43a near the end of the first backing plate 13a; The 3rd fixed mount 45a is fixed with the first test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46a near the end of the first backing plate 13a; The first test specimen displacement transducer 43a and the first test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46a are positioned at the outside of the first backing plate 13a, and just to arranging.
The second fixed mount 44b is fixed with the second test specimen displacement transducer 43b near the end of the second backing plate 13b; The 4th fixed mount 45b is fixed with the second test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46b near the end of the second backing plate 13b; The second test specimen displacement transducer 43b and the second test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46b are positioned at the outside of the second backing plate 13b, and just to arranging.
The first test specimen displacement transducer 43a and the second test specimen displacement transducer 43b are oppositely arranged; The first test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46a and the second test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46b are oppositely arranged.
The edge of the 5th backing plate 13e is fixed with to the 5th fixed mount 47a of the 3rd backing plate 13c inclination at 45 ° with to the 6th fixed mount 47b of the 4th backing plate 13d inclination at 45 °; The edge of the 6th backing plate 13f is fixed with to the 7th fixed mount 48a of the 3rd backing plate inclination at 45 ° with to the 8th fixed mount 48b of the 4th backing plate inclination at 45 °.
The 7th fixed mount 48a is fixed with the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer 43c near the end of the 3rd backing plate 13c; The 5th fixed mount 47a is fixed with the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46c near the end of the 3rd backing plate 13c; The 3rd test specimen displacement transducer 43c and the 3rd test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46c are positioned at the outside of the 3rd backing plate 13c, and just to arranging.
The 8th fixed mount 48b is fixed with the 4th test specimen displacement transducer 43d near the end of the 4th backing plate 13d; The 6th fixed mount 47b is fixed with the 4th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46d near the end of the 4th backing plate 13d; The 4th test specimen displacement transducer 43d and the 4th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46d are positioned at the outside of the 4th backing plate 13d, and just to arranging.
The 3rd test specimen displacement transducer 43c and the 4th test specimen displacement transducer 43d are oppositely arranged; The 3rd test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46c and the 4th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46d are oppositely arranged.
The edge of the first backing plate 13a is fixed with to the 9th fixed mount 49a of the 5th backing plate 13e inclination at 45 ° with to the tenth fixed mount 49b of the 6th backing plate 13f inclination at 45 °; The edge of the second backing plate 13b is fixed with to the 11 fixed mount 50a of the 5th backing plate inclination at 45 ° with to the 12 fixed mount 50b of the 6th backing plate inclination at 45 °.
The 9th fixed mount 49a is fixed with the 5th test specimen displacement transducer 43e near the end of the 5th backing plate 13e; The 11 fixed mount 50a is fixed with the 5th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46e near the end of the 5th backing plate 13e; The 5th test specimen displacement transducer 43e and the 5th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46e are positioned at the outside of the 5th backing plate 13e, and just to arranging.
The tenth fixed mount 49b is fixed with the 6th test specimen displacement transducer 43f near the end of the 6th backing plate 13f; The 12 fixed mount 50b is fixed with the 6th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46f near the end of the 6th backing plate 13f; The 6th test specimen displacement transducer 43f and the 6th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46f are positioned at the outside of the 6th backing plate 13f, and just to arranging.
The 5th test specimen displacement transducer 43e and the 6th test specimen displacement transducer 43f are oppositely arranged; The 5th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46e and the 6th test specimen displacement transducer extension rod 46f are oppositely arranged.
The middle part of each fixed mount is fixed with rubber press strip 51, and the space between adjacent two backing plates is close in the outer face of rubber press strip 51.
The top of described framework 2 is provided with the high temperature oil entrance 52 being communicated with cavity 15; The bottom of framework 2 is provided with the high temperature oil outlet 53 being communicated with cavity 15.Can corresponding joint be set at high temperature oil entrance 52 and outlet 53 places, so that high temperature oil flows into and output.
While preparing test, as shown in figure 20, five terminal lid is separated with cylindrical shell 11, then five terminal lid and the 5th oil cylinder are moved forward to a segment distance, on the track between five terminal lid and cylindrical shell 11, place dress sample dolly 25, the front end of dress sample dolly 25 is set to " U " shape structure.Test specimen is placed in to the second backing plate 13b upper, then test specimen and the first backing plate 13a are aligned, be inserted in together pyrocondensation gum cover, blow contracting gum cover with hair dryer hot blast, ensure that gum cover is together with tight sticking between test specimen, the first backing plate and second; Test specimen, the first backing plate and the second backing plate are put into pressure chamber's assigned address, and the first backing plate 13a is connected with the first centring sleeve 14, the second backing plate 13b is connected with the second centring sleeve 14b; Remove the foul in pressure chamber; Each oil cylinder piston is return to original position, check that whether the second load sensor overhang is in test specimen installation site, otherwise adjust.
Promote dress sample dolly 25, test specimen 26 is sent into after pressure chamber's assigned address, observe and whether align the second centring sleeve, if do not align, adjust, after centering, the first backing plate 13a and the second backing plate 13b are installed, last connecting line, the oil pump and the servo-control system that start power supply, each oil cylinder are carried out correlation test.
This pilot system can be carried out the Hydraulic Fracturing Tests under true three Spindle Status, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) prepare test specimen: 200mm × 200mm × 200mm standard cube body coal petrography sample that coal petrography sample is processed into, and the each length of side of test specimen is greater than 2% of the backing plate length of side, to reduce the interference between different directions load; After the physical dimension of sample machines, get out diameter 12mm on the edge, middle part of sample perpendicular to the direction of predetermined face, the fracturing hole of long 100mm, and with acetone or alcohol cleaning, wait for to test specimen dry.
2) test specimen is installed: will in the fracturing hole of test specimen, be inserted in fracturing pipe 24, test specimen is placed on the second backing plate 13b, again test specimen and the first backing plate 13 are aligned, be inserted in together pyrocondensation gum cover, blow contracting gum cover with hair dryer hot blast, ensure that gum cover closely sticks with between test specimen, the first backing plate and second together with; Test specimen, the first backing plate and the second backing plate are put into pressure chamber's assigned address, and the first backing plate 13 is connected with the first centring sleeve 14, the second backing plate 13b is connected with the second centring sleeve 14b.
3) prestrain: log-on data acquisition system harmony transmission test set, in advance by up and down all around the power of six direction be loaded on the 2-5% of predetermined load value, to check whether there are abnormal conditions; Predetermined load value can, according to test specimen size, material etc., draw by conventionally calculation.
4) load: adopt power control mode to load, substep CYCLIC LOADING successively, three step numbers that direction is divided equate, to prevent that test specimen from being damaged by pressure, and more accurately simulate actual condition; Taking above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, loading sequence is followed successively by Z-direction → X to → Y-direction → Z-direction, circulation increases progressively 1MPa successively to predetermined load value.
5) hydrofracturing: open servomotor water regulator, opening stop valve injects water under high pressure in test specimen, and hydraulic pressure adopts hierarchical loading, every grade of pressure reduction 1MPa increases step by step, when bust appears in water injection pressure, can stop servomotor water regulator.
6) unloading: sequence of unloading is Y-direction → X to → Z-direction → Y-direction, the circulation 1MPa that successively decreases successively.
7) all data of save data acquisition system record; Take out test specimen, observe test specimen form.
Step 4) in, when being positive and negative both direction due to X, Y, the each direction of Z, load, therefore can effectively prevent the test specimen skew of its center line relatively, reduce the friction effect that the test specimen changing of the relative positions relative to backing plate causes, thereby more Measurement accuracy related data, more accurate, stable simulation actual condition; And, can change by test objective load and the stress of all directions, as the load difference increasing progressively in each direction, thereby simulated formation 3-D stree field more truly all greatly improves on simulation precision, in system stability.In loading procedure, by the feedback of each direction upper cylinder displacement transducer, can accurately control size and the amount of feeding of each oil cylinder loading force.
According to surveyed data, can be according to conventionally calculation and computer processing, the whole process of true reflection, reduction test specimen pressure break, thus accurately simulate actual condition, for practical engineering application provides theoretical foundation.In the present embodiment, the waterfrac treatment research by acoustic emission position application under true three Spindle Status, and in laboratory implementation, to explore waterfrac treatment mechanism; Acoustic emission test can carry out the acoustic emission propagation attenuation mechanism research in waterfrac treatment process, for waterfrac treatment prediction provides basis; Acoustic emission test positions the acoustic emission signal producing that coal petrography is broken, can realize the visual reproduction of temporal-spatial evolution phenomenon that test specimen in waterfrac treatment process is broken, the space-time location of the acoustic emission signal of surveying will provide direct data for hole crack forming process and evolution around, can study the evolution of the spatial shape in crack, for the research of waterfrac treatment mechanism provides approximate on-the-spot actual parameter support reliably.
By Hydraulic Fracturing Tests repeatedly, can study the Changing Pattern such as crack starter location, propagation direction, parting pressure, fracture azimuth, fracture length in coal petrography crack in the time that the Water Under such as different buried depth, different stress field, different lithostructure, different-grain diameter, different forming pressures is pressed fracturing, realize the accurate simulation of pressure break coal petrography edge stress field by computer control and data handling system, the dynamic changing process of pressure break hole ambient stress and strain in true reflection hydrofracturing process, the dynamic changing process of discharge etc. in hydrofracturing process; Acoustic emission signal in waterfrac treatment overall process is gathered, inquire into the propagation law of each influence factor on the acoustic emission signal in fracturing process and the impact of decay characteristics; And acoustic emission source is positioned, while analyzing waterfrac treatment, coal petrography produces position and the condition in rupture failure source, time and the spatial character of the development of coal petrography internal rupture after analysis waterfrac treatment.Further improve hydrofracturing correlation theory, for the engineering practice of deep, low-permeable, high gas layer exploitation and gas control provides reference.
This pilot system can be carried out seepage tests, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) prepare test specimen: the original coal cinder plastic sheeting good seal of fetching from scene is placed in wooden case, then water with thin orthopaedics aggregate concrete, to fill up the gap between coal cinder and wooden case, after concrete hardening completely, get core with corning machine again, finally utilize grinding machine by the coal core careful of taking-up be polished into 200mm × 200mm × 200mm raw coal cube coal sample, and it is placed in to drying in oven, then deposit with drying box;
Or, got original coal cinder is pulverized with comminutor, selecting coal particle size by Vibration Screen is the pulverized coal particle between 40～80 orders, then in the coal dust screening at these, add a small amount of pure water and be evenly placed on the coal sample that is pressed into 200mm × 200mm × 200mm in mould on 200t stiff experiment machine with the pressure of 100MPa, after finally the moulded coal coal sample preparing being dried, be positioned in drying box.
2) test specimen is installed: for ensureing impermeability, first with 704 silicon rubber, each coal sample test specimen side is smeared to the glue-line of one deck 1mm, glue-line to be spread parches completely; Remove in the fracturing pipe 24 on the second backing plate 13b, test specimen is placed in to the second backing plate 13b upper, then test specimen and the first backing plate 13a are aligned, be inserted in together pyrocondensation gum cover, blow contracting gum cover with hair dryer hot blast, ensure that gum cover closely sticks with between test specimen, the first backing plate and second together with; Test specimen, the first backing plate and the second backing plate are put into pressure chamber's assigned address, and the first backing plate 13a is connected with the first centring sleeve 14, the second backing plate 13b is connected with the second centring sleeve 14b; Gas inlet pipe in pressure chamber and escape pipe are connected with the first joint and second joint of the first backing plate and the second backing plate respectively; On each backing plate, connect each test specimen displacement measurement sensor and test specimen displacement transducer extension rod (as shown in Figure 16 to 19); Hermetically closing pressure chamber 200.
(3) oil-filled emptying with vacuumize: power-on, log-on data acquisition system and controller, start each oil cylinder, in advance the power of three directions is loaded on to the 2-5% (predetermined load value can, according to test specimen size, material etc., draw by conventionally calculation) of predetermined load value; Emptying oil-filled to pressure chamber, after being full of, close oil-out; Close the air intake opening stop valve being connected with first flow on upper padding plate and the second runner, open the gas outlet stop valve being connected with the 3rd runner on lower bolster and the 4th runner, by outside gas outlet, test specimen is vacuumized, continue two hours, vacuum tightness reaches 1000Pa; Close vacuum pump, close gas outlet stop valve.
(4) load: start for high-pressure oil pump, utilize independently high-pressure oil pump to oiling pressurization in pressure chamber, ensure that the force value of pump is higher than Gas seepage pressure 2%; Employing power control mode loads, substep CYCLIC LOADING successively, and three step numbers that direction is divided equate, to prevent that test specimen from being damaged by pressure, and more accurately simulate actual condition; Taking above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, loading sequence is followed successively by Z-direction → X to → Y-direction → Z-direction, circulation increases progressively 1MPa successively to predetermined load value; Open temp control system is injected high temperature oil in the cavity of framework, and making in pressure chamber oil temperature constant is actual condition temperature, as 40 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 80 DEG C etc.
(5) gas adsorption: open gas gas cylinder reduction valve, open methane gas supercharging device, open air intake opening stop valve, be filled with gas to test specimen, observe the dynamic change situation of gas pressure, wait after flowmeter numerical stability, close outlet shutoff valve; Adsorb 12 hours, until adsorption equilibrium.
(6) measure seepage parameters: open gas outlet stop valve; In observed data acquisition system, gas outlet pressure changes rule over time, waits for to gas outlet gas pressure stable; Modulation X, Y, Z are respectively to pressure, load mode, gas pressure; The following parameter of dynamic measurement: oil pressure, X, Y, Z triaxial pressure, gas pressure, test specimen transversal displacement, test specimen axial displacement, temperature, gas flow etc.
(7) experiment stops: first turning off methane gas supercharging device, turn off gas gas cylinder reduction valve, then lay down high-pressure oil pump, finally unloading, sequence of unloading is Y-direction → X to → Z-direction → Y-direction, the circulation 1MPa that successively decreases successively, carry unloaded after, turn off the oil pump that each oil cylinder is corresponding; Turn off again temperature control system.
(8) data storage: all data of save data acquisition system record; Take out test specimen, observe test specimen form.
In seepage tests, separately independently because three directions load, thereby can change by test objective load and the stress of all directions, realize real true three axle seepage tests, more truly the Penetration Signature in coal seam under Reality simulation three-dimensional ground stress field condition.
Stablize supercharging owing to utilizing methane gas regulator to realize, pressure that can constant maintenance Gas seepage, reaches as high as 20MPa, and precision is ± 0.5%, resolution is 0.001MPa, therefore can comparatively accurately simulate under hyperosmosis gas condition methane gas at the seepage characteristic of coal and rock inside.
Owing to utilizing temperature control system to realize the hot environment control of seepage tests, temperature controlling range is room temperature-100 DEG C, precision is ± 0.5 DEG C, thus can simulated formation depths, under hot environment and truly ply stress after the match fluid at the seepage characteristic of coal and rock inside.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art just can design according to the present invention make many modifications and variations without creative work.Therefore, all technician in the art, all should be in by the determined protection domain of claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.

Claims (3)

1. a coal sample seepage flow method of testing under true three Spindle Status, comprises the steps:
1) prepare test specimen: cube coal sample that preparation is dry;
2) test specimen is installed: for ensureing impermeability, first with 704 silicon rubber, each coal sample test specimen side is smeared to the glue-line of one deck 1mm, glue-line to be spread parches completely; Test specimen is placed on the second backing plate, then test specimen and the first backing plate is aligned, be inserted in together pyrocondensation gum cover, blow contracting gum cover with hair dryer hot blast, ensure that gum cover closely sticks with between test specimen, the first backing plate and second together with; Test specimen, the first backing plate and the second backing plate are put into pressure chamber's assigned address, and the first backing plate is connected with the first centring sleeve, the second backing plate is connected with the second centring sleeve; Gas inlet pipe in pressure chamber and escape pipe are connected with inlet suction port and the air outlet adapter of the first backing plate and the second backing plate respectively;
In the first oil cylinder piston of test unit and the first cylinder piston rod, the first oil cylinder displacement transducer is set, the second oil cylinder displacement transducer is set in the second oil cylinder piston and the second cylinder piston rod, the 3rd oil cylinder displacement transducer is set in the 3rd oil cylinder piston and the second cylinder piston rod, in the 4th oil cylinder piston and the 4th cylinder piston rod, the 4th oil cylinder displacement transducer is set, in the 5th oil cylinder piston and the 5th cylinder piston rod, the 5th oil cylinder displacement transducer is set, in the 6th oil cylinder piston and the 6th cylinder piston rod, the 6th oil cylinder displacement transducer is set;
On each backing plate, connect each test specimen displacement measurement sensor and test specimen displacement transducer extension rod; Hermetically closing pressure chamber;
3) oil-filled emptying with vacuumize: power-on, log-on data acquisition system and controller, start each oil cylinder, in advance the power of three directions is loaded on to the 2-5% of predetermined load value; Emptying oil-filled to pressure chamber, after being full of, close oil-out; Close the air intake opening stop valve being connected with first flow on upper padding plate and the second runner, open the gas outlet stop valve being connected with the 3rd runner on lower bolster and the 4th runner, by outside gas outlet, test specimen is vacuumized, continue two hours, vacuum tightness reaches 1000Pa; Close vacuum pump, close gas outlet stop valve;
4) load: start for high-pressure oil pump, utilize independently high-pressure oil pump to oiling pressurization in pressure chamber, ensure that the force value of pump is higher than Gas seepage pressure 2%; Employing power control mode loads, substep CYCLIC LOADING successively, and three step numbers that direction is divided equate, to prevent that test specimen from being damaged by pressure, and more accurately simulate actual condition; Taking above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, loading sequence is followed successively by Z-direction → X to → Y-direction → Z-direction, circulation increases progressively 1MPa successively to predetermined load value; Open temp control system is injected high temperature oil in the cavity of framework, and making in pressure chamber oil temperature constant is actual condition temperature;
5) gas adsorption: open gas gas cylinder reduction valve, open methane gas supercharging device, open air intake opening stop valve, be filled with gas to test specimen, observe the dynamic change situation of gas pressure, wait after flowmeter numerical stability, close outlet shutoff valve; Adsorb 12 hours, until adsorption equilibrium;
6) measure seepage parameters: open gas outlet stop valve; In observed data acquisition system, gas outlet pressure changes rule over time, waits for to gas outlet gas pressure stable; Modulation X, Y, Z are respectively to pressure, load mode, gas pressure; The following parameter of dynamic measurement: oil pressure, X, Y, Z triaxial pressure, gas pressure, test specimen transversal displacement, test specimen axial displacement, temperature, gas flow etc.;
7) experiment stops: first turning off methane gas supercharging device, turn off gas gas cylinder reduction valve, then lay down high-pressure oil pump, finally unloading, sequence of unloading is Y-direction → X to → Z-direction → Y-direction, the circulation 1MPa that successively decreases successively, carry unloaded after, turn off the oil pump that each oil cylinder is corresponding; Turn off again temperature control system;
8) data storage: all data of save data acquisition system record; Take out test specimen, observe test specimen form.
2. coal sample seepage flow method of testing under true three Spindle Status as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 1) in test specimen make by the following method: the original coal cinder plastic sheeting good seal of fetching from scene is placed in wooden case, then water with thin orthopaedics aggregate concrete, to fill up the gap between coal cinder and wooden case, after concrete hardening completely, get core with corning machine again, finally utilize grinding machine by the coal core careful of taking-up be polished into 200mm × 200mm × 200mm raw coal cube coal sample, and it is placed in to drying in oven, deposit with drying box again.
3. coal sample seepage flow method of testing under true three Spindle Status as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 1) in test specimen make by the following method: got original coal cinder comminutor is pulverized, selecting coal particle size by Vibration Screen is the pulverized coal particle between 40～80 orders, then in the coal dust screening at these, add a small amount of pure water and be evenly placed on the coal sample that is pressed into 200mm × 200mm × 200mm in mould on 200t stiff experiment machine with the pressure of 100MPa, after finally the moulded coal coal sample preparing being dried, be positioned in drying box.
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