A kind of mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation test device
Technical field:
The invention belongs to coal mine work area coal seam floor failure simulated test facility technical field, it is related to one
Plant mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation test device.
Background technology:
At present, constantly deepen with seam mining, geological structure and hydrogeology are increasingly sophisticated,
Mine pressure and mining induced stress continue to increase to the collapse dept of base plate, run into during exploitation the following group coal
Thin water barrier, water-bearing with high pressure adopts gushing water problem and increasingly becomes the main prestige of mine water disaster
The side of body, China originates in the sixties in terms of Water Inrush law study, noticed breast tooth at that time
The theoretical application in practice of sharp base plate relative water resisting layer, in Jiaozuo Mine Field hydrogeology decisive battle
In, using coal academy of sciences Xi'an exploration branch as representative it is proposed that adopting water bursting coefficient as prediction
Forecast Water Inrush whether standard;At the beginning of the eighties, existed from just by University Of Science and Technology Of Shandong chaste tree
The theoretical point view of " Down Three Zone " is proposed in practice, and by a collection of scientific research being represented with li po Ying Wei
Personnel are applied in practice and are developed;Coal academy of sciences Beijing exploitation institute king makees space, Liu Hongquan
Et al. propose in the beginning of the nineties in last century to split in situ and Zero Position Failure is theoretical, coal academy of sciences north
Institute Liu Tianquan academician is exploited in capital, and Zhang Jincai proposes floor rock " two equal to the nineties in last century
The model of band ", Chinese Academy of Sciences's geology proposes " strong bleed-through road " nineties in be set forth in last century
Say;Xi’an Branch of Mei Ke institute proposes rock water stress relation the nineties in last century " say.China
Mining industry university Qian Minggao academician, the outstanding layer structure feature according to floor strata of Li Liang, in previous generation
Discipline the mid-90 establishes the vital edge of stope sill rock mass.The beginning of this century is by Shandong
University of Science and Technology applies dragon green grass or young crops, Song Zhen black horse academician proposes as working seam base plate " lower four bands " theory
Model.Above-mentioned Water Inrush and coal seam floor failure research are mainly calculated and numerical software with theory of mechanics
Based on simulation, and plate destructing depth detects with physical prospecting detection, pouring water into borehole and ultrasonic listening
Based on.Roof fracture in face surrounding rock motion is developed, motion can be using indoor analog simulation
Tested, but stope sill is not destroyed and be simulated test;Meanwhile, current coal seam is opened
Adopt be large-scale fully-mechanized mining equipment come and go knife cut coal breakage, caving zone rock is compacted goaf bottom again
Plate, to these Mining technology condition also similar analogy method useless.Therefore, in conjunction with current coal
Ore deposit production technique present situation, develops a kind of mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation test device,
Mining failure behavior base plate being subject to carries out test simulation, in conjunction with rock mechanics experiment,
The means such as Damage-fracture mechanics theory, numerical simulation calculation, disclose base plate Mining failure mechanism,
Solve to be subject at present a Mining failure Water Inrush difficult problem.
Content of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to the shortcoming overcoming prior art to exist, seeking design provides one kind
Mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation test device, exploitation mine working face base plate is adopted broken
Bad analogue test platform.
To achieve these goals, mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation according to the present invention
Experimental rig agent structure includes main hydraulic-servo-load device, top-loaded body, hydraulic servo unload
Carry loader, unload load plate, laterally secure plate, lateral loaded holders, platform base,
Fluid pressure line, top fluid pressure line, stress monitoring point, stress acquisition system, hydraulic servo control
System processed, detachable side and test rock mass;The symmetrical expression fixation of platform base two ends is formed with lateral
Loaded holders, in order to simulate the loading effect to stratum for the lateral tectonic stress;Lateral loading is solid
Determine device and be fixedly connected with lateralling secure plate, during the work of lateral loaded holders, laterally secure plate with
Test rock mass contact loads;Lateral loaded holders are fixed testing rock mass by lateralling secure plate
On platform base;Test rock mass same depth level direction is equal with the distribution density of two every meter
Even distribution is formed with stress monitoring point, and stress monitoring point adopts ess-strain sheet type sensor, collection
Base sheet stresses distribution characteristics;Stress monitoring point is connected with stress acquisition system, stress acquisition system
Automatic data collection tests the stress-strain data of rock mass;The upper end fixed installation of test rock mass is formed with unloads
Carry load plate, unloading load plate both sides distributing installation is formed with detachable side, and detachable side exists
In simulated test, the stress of transmission is the main cause destroying base plate;Top-loaded body and unloading add
It is provided with hydraulic servo unloading loader, hydraulic servo unloading loader is unloaded by one group between support plate
Loader forms, and the quantity of unloading loader is consistent with the quantity of unloading load plate, and firmly connects
Connect, hydraulic servo unloads loader and simulates the release to floor undulation after working face coal seam produces
Effect, also in the simulation old dead zone of face roof, directly top emits backwardness and again base plate is recovered
Loading effect;Top-loaded body top is installed and is formed with main hydraulic-servo-load device, main hydraulic servo
Loader simulates vertical crustal stress by on-load pressure, and the total earnings of test starting stage is added
Carry, when working face adopts the unloading loader release of hydrodynamic pressure servo, main hydraulic-servo-load device is still
Keep original state, so that total pressure is existed always;Main hydraulic-servo-load device and top hydraulic pressure
Pipeline connection;Hydraulic control servo-drive system as whole device power source and power control system
Respectively with main hydraulic-servo-load device, hydraulic servo unloading loader and lateral loaded holders even
Connect.
The present invention is simulated test and includes testing rock mass to mine working face base plate Mining failure
Preparation, mine working face base plate adopt coal seam floor failure simulated test test and mine working face adopt
Dynamic floor failure mechanism analyzes three steps, and specific embodiment is:
(1), test the preparation of rock mass:Test rock mass has two kinds, and one kind is in mine working face
The mine working face floor rock collecting during tunnelling, mine working face base plate rock during preparation
The plane of stone will meet the standard of rock mechanics experiment defined in prior art;Another kind be with
The floor undulation of mine working face floor rock similar materials preparation, it is prepared material and joins
With mine working face floor rock mechanical test parameter for instructing, rock mechanics parameters include resisting ratio
Tensile strength (MPa), compression strength (MPa), shearing strength (MPa), cohesive force (MPa),
Internal friction angle (°), bulk modulus (GPa), modulus of shearing (GPa), Poisson's ratio, size
(m), density (kg/m-3);A length of 55cm, a width of 55cm of the test rock mass of preparation,
A height of 20cm, when test Mining in Rock Mass is with working face floor rock rock sample, its plane will be using existing
Technology is had to carry out formation measurement;
(2), mine working face base plate Mining failure simulated test test:First pass through and laterally secure
Plate and lateral loaded holders are fixed on testing rock mass on platform base, load simultaneously and laterally should
Power;Again main hydraulic-servo-load device is declined with top-loaded body and contact with test rock mass, plus
Carry vertical stress, the load time is 1~2 day, after test rock mass ambient stress is stable, adjust liquid
Pressure servo unloading loader, opens hydraulic servo unloading loader and unloads die pressing type, loading and unloading
Open after pressure identical vertical stress stress and reload pattern, in order to simulate seam mining bottom
Plate release and the Mining technology condition of caving zone rock compaction;During test is carried out, opening should
Power monitoring system, carries out data monitoring and collection;Then utilize outside existing acoustic emission monitor(ing)
System, is monitored to the test rock mass fracture growth in process of the test;After the completion of test, profit
With outside existing supersonic sounding device, the test rock mass after destroying is detected, monitor rock
Sample cranny development depth and bearing features;
(3) adopt floor failure mechanism analysis:Based on the mechanical property testing rock mass,
Carry out Mining failure numerical simulation analysis, calculate and adopt base sheet stresses distribution characteristics, analysis is adopted
Base plate elastoplasticity subregion, and contrasted with the stress data of simulated test collection;Analysis is adopted
Floor failure mechanism, studies to adopting plate destructing depth simultaneously, with solve base plate thin every
Water layer, water-bearing with high pressure adopt a gushing water difficult problem.
Numerical simulation analysis of the present invention adopt existing FLAC-3D (Three
Dimensional Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) software, FLAC-3D is
The three-dimensional control network program of U.S. Itasca Consulting Group Inc exploitation,
Can preferably simulation geological materials reach the destruction occurring when strength degree or yield limit or
The mechanical behavior of Plastic Flow, is particularly well-suited to analyze Progressive failure and unstability and the big change of simulation
Shape.
Floor failure mechanism of the present invention is to be adopted stress distribution feature, broken using rock stratum base plate
Bad feature, analyzes failure law under mining influence for the base plate, that is, pass through to build floor strata originally
Structure model, sets up breakdown strength criterion, analyzes floor strata stress~strain stress relation, obtains on earth
Elastoplasticity distributed areas after plate destruction, the Growth Depth of coal seam floor failure, coal seam floor failure and exploitation
Technique, working face size, working face absolute altitude, push to adopt the operational parameters such as speed, roof and floor lithologic
Correlation, and the numerical computational formulas of plate destructing depth of deriving, simplify formula.
The present invention utilizes Damage-fracture mechanics theoretical, according to " simulated test-numerical simulation-theory
Analysis " guideline, analyzes mine working face base plate mining induced fissure law of development, discloses at present
The seat earth thin water barrier water-bearing with high pressure mechanism of water inrush that mine runs into, base plate is adopted in research
Failure mechanism key technology.
The present invention compared with prior art, has advantages below:One be according to " simulated test-
Numerical simulation-theory analysis " guideline, analysis mine working face base plate mining induced fissure is developed
Rule, discloses the seat earth thin water barrier water-bearing with high pressure gushing water machine that current mine runs into
Reason, floor failure mechanism key technology is adopted in research;Two is to design rigorous, power control system
Using hydraulic servo device, cranny development adopts acoustic emission device, and crack detects and adopts ultrasonic wave
Detection device, by comprehensive means, improves to the research essence adopting coal seam floor failure cranny development
Degree, the preventing and treating of mine floor water damage has universal directive significance;Its structure is simple, scientific in principle,
Easy to maintenance, Monitoring Data is accurately, easy to operate, to mine working face base plate Mining failure mould
Intend, solve the problems, such as existing mine working face Mining failure Water Inrush.
Brief description:
Fig. 1 is the agent structure principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the agent structure three-dimensional side view of the present invention.
Specific embodiment:
Below by embodiment and combine accompanying drawing the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment:
The mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation test device that the present embodiment is related to includes leading
Hydraulic-servo-load device 101, top-loaded body 102, hydraulic servo unloading loader 103,
Unload load plate 104, laterally secure plate 105, lateral loaded holders 106, platform base
107th, fluid pressure line 108, top fluid pressure line 109, stress monitoring point 110, stress collection
System 111, hydraulic servo control system 112, detachable side 113 and test rock mass 114;
Platform base 107 two ends symmetrical expression fixation is formed with lateral loaded holders 106, in order to analog side
To the loading effect to stratum for the tectonic stress;Lateral loaded holders 106 with laterally secure plate
105 are fixedly connected, and during lateral loaded holders 106 work, laterally secure plate 105 and test
Rock mass 114 contact loads;Lateral loaded holders 106 will be tested by lateralling secure plate 105
Rock mass 114 is fixed on platform base 107;Test the same depth level direction of rock mass 114 with
The distribution density of two every meter is uniformly distributed and is formed with stress monitoring point 110, stress monitoring point 110
For ess-strain sheet type sensor, gather base sheet stresses distribution characteristics;Stress monitoring point 110 with
Stress acquisition system 111 connects, and stress acquisition system 111 automatic data collection tests rock mass 114
Stress-strain data;The upper end fixed installation of test rock mass 114 is formed with unloading load plate 104,
Unloading load plate 104 both sides distributing installation is formed with detachable side 113, detachable side 113
In simulated test, the stress of transmission is the main cause destroying base plate;Top-loaded body 102 He
It is provided with hydraulic servo unloading loader 103, hydraulic servo unloading adds between unloading load plate 104
Carry device 103 to be made up of one group of unloading loader, unload quantity and the unloading load plate of loader
104 quantity is consistent, and firmly connects, hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 simulation working face
Release effect to floor undulation after the extraction of coal seam, also straight in the simulation old dead zone of face roof
Connect top and emit to fall behind and again base plate is carried out recovering loading effect;Top-loaded body 102 top is installed
It is formed with main hydraulic-servo-load device 101, main hydraulic-servo-load device 101 passes through on-load pressure mould
Intend vertical crustal stress, the total earnings of test starting stage is loaded, adopts hydrodynamic pressure in working face and watch
During clothes unloading loader 103 release, main hydraulic-servo-load device 101 still keeps original state,
Total pressure is made to exist always;Main hydraulic-servo-load device 101 is with top fluid pressure line 109 even
Logical;112 points of the hydraulic control servo-drive system as whole device power source and power control system
Not solid with main hydraulic-servo-load device 101, hydraulic servo unloading loader 103 and lateral loading
Determine device 106 to connect.
The present invention adopts mine working face base plate Mining failure simulation test device that mine is worked
Face base plate Mining failure is simulated test, including the preparation of test rock mass 114, mine work
Face base plate adopts the test of coal seam floor failure simulated test and mine working face adopts floor failure mechanism
Analyze three steps, specific embodiment is:
(1), test the preparation of rock mass 114:Test rock mass 114 has two kinds, and one kind is in ore deposit
The mine working face floor rock collecting during well roadway workface driving, mine work during preparation
The plane of face floor rock will meet the standard of rock mechanics experiment defined in prior art;Separately
A kind of is the floor undulation prepared with mine working face floor rock similar materials, its system
Standby material mixture ratio with mine working face floor rock mechanical test parameter for instructing, join by rock mechanics
Number includes tensile strength (MPa), compression strength (MPa), shearing strength (MPa), interior
Poly- power (MPa), internal friction angle (°), bulk modulus (GPa), modulus of shearing (GPa),
Poisson's ratio, size (m), density (kg/m-3);A length of 55cm of the test rock mass 114 of preparation,
A width of 55cm, a height of 20cm, when test rock mass 114 adopts floor undulation rock rock sample,
Its plane will carry out formation measurement using prior art;
(2), mine working face base plate Mining failure simulated test test:First pass through and laterally secure
Plate 105 and lateral loaded holders 106 are fixed on testing rock mass 114 on platform base 107,
Load lateral stress simultaneously;Again by under main hydraulic-servo-load device 101 and top-loaded body 102
Fall is simultaneously contacted with test rock mass 114, loads vertical stress, the load time is 1~2 day, test
After rock mass ambient stress is stable, adjustment hydraulic servo unloading loader 103, open hydraulic servo
Unloading loader 103 unloads die pressing type, opens weight after loading and unloading stress identical vertical stress
New loading mode, in order to simulate the exploitation skill of seam mining base plate release and caving zone rock compaction
Art condition;Test carry out during, open stress monitoring system 111, carry out data monitoring and
Collection;Then utilize outside existing acoustic emission monitoring system, to the test rock in process of the test
Body 114 cranny development is monitored;After the completion of test, using outside existing ultrasonic listening
Device detects to the test rock mass 114 after destroying, and monitors rock sample cranny development depth and tax
Deposit feature;
(3) adopt floor failure mechanism analysis:With the mechanical property of test rock mass 114 as base
Plinth, carries out Mining failure numerical experiments, calculates and adopts base sheet stresses distribution characteristics, analysis
Adopt base plate elastoplasticity subregion, and contrasted with the stress data of simulated test collection;Analysis
Adopt floor failure mechanism, study to adopting plate destructing depth, to solve base plate simultaneously
Thin water barrier, water-bearing with high pressure adopt a gushing water difficult problem.
Numerical simulation analysis described in the present embodiment adopt existing FLAC-3D (Three
Dimensional Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) software, FLAC-3D is
The three-dimensional control network program of U.S. Itasca Consulting Group Inc exploitation,
Can preferably simulation geological materials reach the destruction occurring when strength degree or yield limit or
The mechanical behavior of Plastic Flow, is particularly well-suited to analyze Progressive failure and unstability and the big change of simulation
Shape;According to field with "nine squares" internal drilling data, (boring discloses formation thickness, lithology, absolute altitude, examination of drawing water
Certification of registered capital material etc.), and combine rock mechanics experiment data, using its rock mechanics parameters;Numerical value
The foundation of simulation model it needs to be determined that working seam, around the absolute altitude of overlying strata, tensile strength
(MPa), shearing strength (MPa), cohesive force (MPa), internal friction angle (°), volume mould
Amount (GPa), modulus of shearing (GPa), Poisson's ratio, size (m), density (kg/m-3), tool
Volume modeling process is:Level takes 400m, vertically takes 150m, due to being simulation the following group coal seam,
Plus deadweight 260m, face propulsion speed is 8m/ days, is analyzed according to analog result,
With the propulsion of working face, base plate has following Changing Pattern:
(1) as advance of the face 20m, base plate starts to be disturbed, and tension and breaks
Bad, predominantly draw fail in shear, plate destructing depth is 6m.Due to supporting pressure effect coal
Wall two ends start stress concentration, are easiest to destroy, and maximum principal stress value is -8MPa,
Form is arch, and stress value is outwards increased by cutting eye, illustrates that, the closer to working face, rock stratum is subject to
Pressure condition is more obvious;
(2), when working face mining is to 60m, floor strata maximum principal stress coverage expands,
But its form does not change, principal stress value is -8.8MPa to the maximum, and coal seam floor failure is mainly to be sheared
Destroy, plate destructing depth is 20m.
(3), when working face mining is to 100m, base plate maximum principal stress continues to rock stratum deep
Development, maximum principal stress is internal gentle, and principal stress maximum is -8.1MPa, stress influence model
Enclose and extend forward with the advance of the face;Failure by shear mainly occurs, plate destructing depth 30m,
Its reason is with the advance of the face, and the effect being in a bearing capacity in front of seat earth is pressed
Contracting.After working face pushes through, Stress Release, base plate is in swelling state;Constantly push away in working face
During entering, base plate is in the state of compression-expansion recompression all the time, therefore in compression
With the transition region of dilatancy, base plate the most easily occur shearing flow and destroy.
(4), after Seam Mining, cut eye stress concentration nearby, be susceptible to deformation and produce crack, because
This cut at eye with rib in front of base plate mining induced fissure comparative development, easily formed projective water point.