CN112763581A - Multi-strain-rate disturbance outburst simulation test system and method in roadway pressure-maintaining excavation process - Google Patents
Multi-strain-rate disturbance outburst simulation test system and method in roadway pressure-maintaining excavation process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a tunnel pressurize excavation process many strain rate disturbance outburst simulation test system and method, including: the reaction sealing system is used for forming a high-pressure gas sealing space, arranging a test model in the high-pressure gas sealing space, providing loaded reaction, and performing tunnel excavation on the test model under the conditions of high-pressure gas filling, pressure maintaining and true three-dimensional ground stress loading; the counter-force sealing system is used as a main body structure of the test system and is respectively provided with a dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder, a dynamic load applying system and an acoustic emission monitoring system; the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder is configured to realize the coupling application of real three-dimensional multi-strain rate dynamic and static loads on the surface of the test model and the quick release simulation of coal rock elastic energy; the dynamic load applying system is configured to quantitatively apply multi-strain-rate disturbance loads to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder; the technical scheme disclosed by the invention can realize pressure-maintaining tunneling of a roadway and dynamic and static coupling loading with multiple strain rates under the condition of realizing high-air-pressure filling and ground stress loading of a test model.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of mineral engineering safety, especially, relate to many strain rates of tunnel tunnelling process under the pressurize condition dynamic load disturbance outburst simulation test system is aerifyd in the physical simulation test of coal and gas outburst.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The coal and gas outburst is the result of the combined action of the crustal stress, the gas pressure and the physical and mechanical properties of the coal, but the action mechanism of each factor is still in the research and research stage. The main means for researching the coal and gas outburst mechanism comprises theoretical analysis, simulation test, numerical simulation and field monitoring, and the physical simulation test is the mainstream means for researching the coal and gas outburst at present because the theory and numerical calculation is not stopped before the theory and numerical calculation is delayed because a multi-factor coupling action mechanism and a mechanical model are not clear.
At present, a large amount of research work is carried out on coal and gas outburst simulation test devices, a series of simulation test devices are developed, and the main research current situations are as follows:
(1) the invention discloses a Chinese patent with the patent number of CN201110187459, which discloses a tectonic coal pressure relief outburst simulation experiment device, and the device can be used for simulating a coal and gas outburst process caused by deep disturbance pressure relief under a mechanical condition of roof fracture, and measuring related gas pressure parameters. When the device is used, the coal powder particle size parameter, the gas loading pressure, the pressing thickness of the coal sample, the pressing force of the coal sample and different disturbing forces of the pressed coal sample can be adjusted to obtain different test results.
(2) The invention discloses a dynamic disturbance induced coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device and an experiment method, which are disclosed by the Chinese patent with the patent number of CN201410398007, and solves the problems that disturbance of far-field concentrated dynamic load and complex geological conditions are not considered in the induced coal and gas outburst simulation experiment device in the prior art, so that the experiment result is inaccurate, and gas cannot be effectively prevented and treated.
(3) The invention discloses a simulation test method for metal framework reinforced coal and gas outburst under the action of dynamic and static loads, which is disclosed by the Chinese patent with the patent number of CN201910281860, can realize the loading of various stress waves of a coal rock body, is more flexible in an impact load applying test method and more diverse in stress conditions compared with two dynamic load applying modes of a traditional drop hammer and a Hopkinson bar, and is combined with the preparation of a similar model of a coal series rock stratum containing a fault to better simulate the mechanical properties of the coal series rock stratum containing the fault under the complex stress conditions.
The physical simulation test device also has the following defects in comprehensive analysis:
(1) the dynamic and static coupling loading and the roadway tunneling and coal uncovering with multiple strain rates cannot be realized simultaneously under the conditions of high-pressure gas filling and ground stress loading;
(2) only one dynamic load can be applied, quantitative automatic application of various dynamic loads cannot be realized, and the test function is relatively single;
(3) in actual engineering on site, after the surface surrounding rock of the underground engineering is damaged, the surrounding rock in the deep elastic region can quickly release elastic energy, and the protruding process is promoted. The existing test device can not realize the quick release simulation of elastic energy;
(4) the acoustic emission data is used as an important parameter for analyzing the fracture damage of the rock material, and has an important significance for analyzing the outburst mechanism, but the existing test device is limited by the high-pressure severe environment and the air sealing requirement, and the acoustic emission signal can not be obtained in a three-dimensional high-precision mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-strain-rate disturbance outburst simulation test system in the roadway pressure-maintaining excavation process, which can realize multi-strain-rate dynamic and static load coupling application, dynamic disturbance load quantitative control, elastic energy release simulation and acoustic emission signal high-precision acquisition under the conditions of high-pressure gas filling and ground stress loading.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:
the first aspect discloses many strain rate disturbance outburst analogue test system of tunnel pressurize tunnelling process, includes:
the reaction sealing system is used for forming a high-pressure gas sealing space, arranging a test model in the high-pressure gas sealing space, providing loaded reaction, and performing tunnel excavation on the test model under the conditions of high-pressure gas filling, pressure maintaining and true three-dimensional ground stress loading;
the counter-force sealing system is used as a main body structure of the test system and is respectively provided with a dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder, a dynamic load applying system and an acoustic emission monitoring system;
the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder is configured to realize the coupling application of real three-dimensional multi-strain rate dynamic and static loads on the surface of the test model and the quick release simulation of coal rock elastic energy;
the dynamic load applying system is configured to quantitatively apply multi-strain-rate disturbance loads to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder;
the acoustic emission monitoring system is configured to achieve lossless leading-out and acquisition of three-dimensional acoustic emission signals inside the test model.
According to a further technical scheme, the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a hollow piston, a pressure supplementing piston and an impact rod, wherein the hollow piston and the pressure supplementing piston divide the space of the cylinder body into a return stroke cavity, an oil pressure cavity and an energy storage cavity;
preferably, the impact rod penetrates through the hollow piston, penetrates through the whole dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder, and externally applies impact loads with various strain rates to the impact rod, so that the impact loads are transmitted to a test model to realize dynamic and static coupling loading;
preferably, a plurality of sealing rings are arranged in the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder to isolate each chamber, so that dynamic sealing is realized;
the return cavity adjusts the hollow piston to a specified position through hydraulic oil.
High-pressure oil is filled in the oil pressure cavity, and the oil pressure is transmitted to the test model through the hollow piston;
the high-pressure gas is filled in the energy storage cavity, the high-pressure gas is further compressed by high-pressure oil to store the expansion energy of the gas, when the test model is broken, the load is rapidly reduced, the high-pressure gas rapidly expands to do work, the pressure supplementing piston acts on the oil pressure cavity to be further transmitted to the test model, and the process of rapidly releasing the elastic energy of the surrounding rock in the elastic region is simulated.
According to a further technical scheme, the dynamic load applying system comprises a dynamic load frame, a heavy hammer, a pendulum bob, a heavy hammer lifting mechanism, a pendulum bob lifting mechanism and a Hopkinson bar, wherein the dynamic load frame is a main body structure of the dynamic load applying system, and the rest mechanisms are all arranged on the dynamic load frame;
the dynamic load frame is arranged at the periphery of the counter-force sealing system, and a sliding device is arranged on the dynamic load frame to realize the sliding of the dynamic load frame;
preferably, the heavy hammer, the pendulum and the hopkinson bar can all apply impact load to the dynamic and static combined loading cylinder, the heavy hammer lifting mechanism lifts the heavy hammer to a specified height, and the pendulum lifting mechanism lifts the pendulum to the specified height, so that the impact load is applied quantitatively.
According to the further technical scheme, the acoustic emission monitoring system is used for achieving lossless leading-out of acoustic emission signals inside the test model and consists of an acoustic emission probe, a signal probe, a mounting flange, a bolt and a sealing ring;
the signal probe penetrates through the counter-force sealing system to enter a model, and the sealing ring is arranged between the signal probe and the counter-force sealing system to realize air sealing;
preferably, the signal probe is hermetically mounted on the counter force sealing system through the mounting flange, the sealing ring and the bolt;
preferably, the signal probe is made of a stainless steel dense material, so that nondestructive transmission of acoustic emission signals is facilitated;
the acoustic emission probe is tightly attached to the outer end of the signal probe, so that the acoustic emission signal is acquired with high precision;
preferably, the acoustic emission signal detection system is arranged on a plurality of surfaces of the reaction sealing system in the test process, and different monitoring points form a three-dimensional space, so that the acoustic emission signal inside the model can be acquired in a three-dimensional manner, and then a three-dimensional fracture field inside the test model can be analyzed and formed.
According to a further technical scheme, the counter force sealing system comprises a counter force device, a tunneling device and a rotary oil cylinder;
the counterforce device is of a bottom plate structure, a middle square-shaped structure and a top plate structure from bottom to top respectively to form a high-pressure gas sealed space of the test model;
the rotary oil cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate structure, and the reaction device can rotate according to the inclination angle of the model coal rock layer to lay the inclined coal rock layer in a horizontal layering manner;
the tunneling device is arranged at the front part of the counterforce device, and pressure-maintaining tunneling of the test model roadway is realized.
According to the technical scheme, the base plate structure is provided with an inflation hole and a lead hole, the inflation hole is used for filling high-pressure gas into the test model, and the lead hole is used for leading out signal wires of various sensors in the test model.
According to a further technical scheme, the counter force sealing system is further provided with a plurality of loading holes, thrust plates are correspondingly arranged inside the loading holes, and the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinders are installed outside the loading holes, so that true three-dimensional ground stress loading is realized.
According to the further technical scheme, a sliding device is arranged on the dynamic load frame, the dynamic load frame is moved to a designated position, the heavy hammer and the impact rod of the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder are concentrically arranged, and the heavy hammer is also concentrically arranged with the impact rod of the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder in a falling state.
The second aspect discloses a simulation test method for multi-strain-rate disturbance outburst generation in a roadway pressure maintaining tunneling process, which comprises the following steps:
during a test, firstly, hydraulic oil is filled into the return cavity to enable the hollow piston to move to a specified position, then high-pressure gas is filled into the energy storage cavity, then high-pressure oil is filled into the oil pressure cavity, the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil can act on the hollow piston and further is transmitted to the thrust rod inside the counter-force sealing system, the gas in the energy storage cavity can be further compressed by the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil, and the expansion energy accumulated by the gas is improved;
dynamic loads with various strain rates are applied to the impact rod through various dynamic load applying mechanisms outside the gas-liquid composite loading oil cylinder, and are transmitted to the thrust plate through the impact rod, so that dynamic and static coupling loading with various strain rates is realized;
after the test model is damaged under the action of dynamic and static coupling loading, high-pressure gas in the energy storage cavity can be rapidly expanded to apply work to the pressure compensation piston, and then pressure is transmitted to the oil pressure cavity and the hollow piston, so that the process of rapidly releasing the elastic energy of the surrounding rock in the elastic region of the underground engineering is simulated.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme, the acoustic emission signals in the test model can be led out without damage through the structure. The acoustic emission probe is tightly attached to the outer end of the signal probe, so that the acoustic emission signal is acquired with high precision. The acoustic emission signal monitoring system is simple in structure and convenient to install. In the test process, the acoustic emission signal detection system is arranged on a plurality of surfaces of the counter-force sealing system, three-dimensional space is formed by different monitoring points, three-dimensional acquisition of acoustic emission signals in the model is realized, and then a three-dimensional fracture field in the test model can be analyzed and formed.
The technical scheme disclosed by the invention can realize pressure-maintaining tunneling of a roadway and dynamic and static coupling loading with multiple strain rates under the condition of realizing high-air-pressure filling and ground stress loading of a test model.
The technical scheme disclosed by the invention realizes the coupling application of dynamic and static loads with various strain rates and has rich test functions.
According to the technical scheme, after the test model is damaged, the process of quickly releasing the elastic energy of the surrounding rock in the elastic region of the deep underground engineering can be simulated through quick expansion of the high-pressure gas, so that the simulation test is more accurate.
According to the technical scheme, the three-dimensional acoustic emission signals in the test model can be acquired with high precision under the high-pressure gas filling condition, and three-dimensional imaging of the cracks in the test model is realized.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a test apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the entire test apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a counter force sealing system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a dynamic and static combined loading cylinder in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of an acoustic emission monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. the device comprises a counter-force sealing system 1-1, a counter-force device 1-2, a tunneling device 1-3, a thrust plate 1-4, a rotary oil cylinder 1-5, a bottom plate structure 1-6, a middle zigzag structure 1-7, a top plate structure 1-8, a loading hole 2, a dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2-1, a cylinder body 2-2, a hollow piston 2-3, an impact rod 2-4, a pressure compensating piston 2-5, a return cavity 2-6, an oil pressure cavity 2-7, an energy storage cavity 2-8, a sealing ring 3, a dynamic load applying system 3-1, a dynamic load frame 3-2, a heavy hammer 3-3, a pendulum hammer 3-4, a heavy hammer lifting mechanism 3-5, a pendulum hammer lifting mechanism 3-6, The acoustic emission monitoring system comprises a Hopkinson bar, 3-7 parts of a sliding device, 4 parts of an acoustic emission monitoring system, 4-1 parts of an acoustic emission probe, 4-2 parts of a signal probe, 4-3 parts of a mounting flange, 4-4 parts of a bolt.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
The technical scheme of the system solves the technical problem that the existing test system cannot carry out roadway excavation and apply multi-strain-rate dynamic-load disturbance outburst simulation under the conditions of ground stress loading and high-pressure gas filling, and has the beneficial effects of multi-strain-rate dynamic and static load coupling application, dynamic disturbance load quantitative control, elastic energy release simulation and acoustic emission signal high-precision acquisition, and the system is as follows: the multi-strain-rate disturbance outburst simulation test system in the pressure-maintaining excavation process of the roadway comprises a counter-force sealing system, a pressure-sensitive sealing cavity and a pressure-sensitive sealing cavity, wherein the counter-force sealing system is used for forming a high-pressure sealing cavity of a test model and providing loaded counter force; the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder is used for realizing the coupling application of dynamic and static loads with multiple strain rates and the quick release simulation of coal rock elastic energy; the dynamic load applying system is used for automatically and quantitatively applying the multi-strain-rate disturbance load; the acoustic emission monitoring system realizes the lossless leading-out and high-precision acquisition of acoustic emission signals in the model.
Example one
As introduced in the background art, the defects in the prior art are that in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a system and a method for a multi-strain-rate disturbance outburst simulation test in a roadway pressure maintaining tunneling process.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the system and method for the simulation test of multiple strain rate disturbance outburst in the process of roadway pressure maintaining excavation comprises a counter force sealing system 1, a dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2, a dynamic load applying system 3 and an acoustic emission monitoring system 4. The counter-force sealing system 1 is a main body structure of a testing device, a testing model is arranged in the counter-force sealing system 1 to form a high-pressure sealing containing cavity of the testing model, a dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2 used for loading the model is installed on the counter-force sealing system 1 through a high-strength bolt, the dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2 loads the surface of the model through a piston, the loaded counter-force is transmitted to the counter-force sealing system 1 through the bolt, the loaded counter-force is provided, and roadway pressure maintaining tunneling is carried out on the testing model.
Specifically, the method is characterized in that the coal bed gas pressure maintaining is used as a precondition for performing roadway pressure maintaining tunneling on a test model, and a three-layer gas pressure maintaining device is designed for the purpose, wherein 1, a coal bed is integrally wrapped through special sealant; 2. the top plate and the bottom plate are made of low-permeability materials, so that the gas permeation rate is reduced; 3. the reaction sealing system is integrally provided with a plurality of sealing structures, so that the integral air tightness is realized. On the basis, a test model is excavated through the excavating device, so that pressure-maintaining excavation of the roadway is realized.
The dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2 is embedded in the counter-force sealing system 1, and the true three-dimensional multi-strain-rate dynamic and static load coupling application on the surface of the test model and the rapid release simulation of the coal rock elastic energy are realized. The dynamic load applying system 3 is arranged on the periphery of the counter-force sealing system 1, and automatically and quantitatively applies the multi-strain-rate disturbance load to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2. The acoustic emission monitoring system 4 is hermetically arranged on the counter-force sealing system 1, so that nondestructive leading-out and high-precision acquisition of three-dimensional acoustic emission signals in the test model are realized.
As shown in figures 1-3, the counter-force sealing system 1 consists of a counter-force device 1-1, a tunneling device 1-2, a thrust plate 1-3 and a rotary oil cylinder 1-4. The counter-force device 1-1 is a structure of a counter-force sealing system 1, the counter-force device 1-1 is respectively a bottom plate structure 1-5, a middle square-shaped structure 1-6 and a top plate structure 1-7 from bottom to top, and the top plate structure 1-5, the middle square-shaped structure 1-6 and the bottom plate structure 1-7 are connected into a whole through high-strength bolts and sealing rings to form a high-pressure gas sealing space of the test model. Two sides of the bottom of the counterforce device 1-1 are respectively provided with a rotating oil cylinder 1-4, and the counterforce device 1-1 can rotate according to the inclination angle of the model coal rock layer, so that the inclined coal rock layer can be paved horizontally, and the accuracy and the convenience of the manufacture of the inclined coal rock layer model are improved.
Sealing grooves are processed on the upper surface of the bottom plate structure, the lower surface of the top plate structure and the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle clip structure, and are used for placing sealing rings during integral installation. The upper surface and the lower surface of the middle clip structure are both processed by integral steel plates, so that the integrity and the air tightness of the device are improved.
Specifically, the bottom plate structure 1-5 of the counterforce device 1-1 is provided with an inflation hole and a lead hole, the inflation hole is used for filling high-pressure gas into the test model, and the lead hole can be used for leading out signal wires of various sensors in the test model. The counterforce device 1-1 is provided with a plurality of loading holes 1-8, thrust plates 1-3 are correspondingly arranged inside the loading holes 1-8, and a dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2 is arranged outside the loading holes 1-8, so that true three-dimensional ground stress loading is realized.
The middle part of the counterforce device is provided with two loading holes in a shape-reversing structure and a top plate structure, the three surfaces of the middle part of the shape-reversing structure are provided with the loading holes, and the other surface of the middle part of the shape-reversing structure is provided with an excavation opening.
The thrust plates 1-3 are correspondingly arranged in the loading holes 1-8, namely one loading hole is correspondingly provided with one loading plate, the loading plate and the loading hole are concentrically arranged, the loading hole is an opening on the counter-force device, and the loading plate is a mechanism placed in the counter-force device.
During the test, the piston of the oil cylinder extends into the counterforce device through the loading hole and is in contact with the loading plate, so that the loading force is transferred to the loading plate.
The tunneling device 1-2 can realize pressure-maintaining tunneling of the test model roadway. By the structure, the roadway driving under the conditions of high-pressure gas filling and pressure maintaining of the test model and true three-dimensional ground stress loading is realized.
Specifically, the tunneling device is arranged at the middle return structure position of the counter-force device, three surfaces of the middle return structure are provided with loading holes, the other surface of the middle return structure is provided with an excavation opening, and the tunneling device is correspondingly arranged outside the excavation opening.
The specific design scheme of the reaction sealing system 1 can be seen in a dissertation of Yuan-Lian, Wang-Wei, Wang-HanPeng-roadway excavation and coal uncovering induction coal and gas outburst simulation test system [ J ]. proceedings of Chinese university of mining 2020,49(02): 205-.
As shown in fig. 4, the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2 is embedded outside the loading holes 1-8 of the counterforce sealing system 1, and the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2 is correspondingly provided with thrust plates 1-3 for applying true three-dimensional ground stress to the test model.
The dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2 consists of a cylinder body 2-1, a hollow piston 2-2, an impact rod 2-3 and a pressure supplementing piston 2-4, the hollow piston 2-2 and the pressure supplementing piston 2-4 divide the internal space of the cylinder body 2-1 into a return cavity 2-5, an oil pressure cavity 2-6 and an energy storage cavity 2-7, hydraulic oil is filled into the return cavity 2-5 and the oil pressure cavity 2-6, and high-pressure gas is filled into the energy storage cavity 2-7. The impact rod 2-3 penetrates through the hollow piston 2-2 and penetrates through the whole dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2. One end of the impact rod 2-3 is flush with the end part of the hollow piston 2-2, and the other end of the impact rod 2-3 protrudes out of the dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2. A plurality of sealing rings 2-8 are arranged inside the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2 to isolate each chamber, so that dynamic sealing is realized. Preventing oil and gas mixing. The impact rod penetrates through the hollow piston, impact loads with various strain rates can be applied to the impact rod externally, and then the impact loads are transmitted to a test model, so that dynamic and static coupling loading is realized. The return cavity can adjust the hollow piston to a specified position through hydraulic oil.
For preventing among the test process, the inside gas of counterforce device outwards reveals through loading hole and sound composite loading hydro-cylinder, sets up multichannel sealing washer on sound composite loading hydro-cylinder, mainly does: mounting flange, piston rod, impact rod.
During the test, firstly, hydraulic oil is filled into the return cavity 2-5 to enable the hollow piston 2-2 to move to a designated position, then high-pressure gas is filled into the energy storage cavity 2-7, then high-pressure oil is filled into the oil pressure cavity 2-6, the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil can act on the hollow piston 2-2 and further is transmitted to the thrust plate 1-3 inside the counter-force sealing system 1, and the gas in the energy storage cavity 2-7 can be further compressed by the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil, so that the expansion energy of gas accumulation is improved. According to the test scheme, dynamic loads with various strain rates are applied to the impact rods 2-3 through various dynamic load applying mechanisms outside the gas-liquid composite loading oil cylinder 2, and are transmitted to the thrust plates 1-3 through the impact rods 2-3, so that dynamic and static coupling loading with multiple strain rates is achieved.
The oil pressure cavity can be filled with high-pressure oil, and the oil pressure is transmitted to the test model through the hollow piston. The high-pressure gas can be filled into the energy storage cavity, the high-pressure gas can further compress the expansion energy of the stored gas through the high-pressure oil, after the test model is broken, the load is rapidly reduced, the high-pressure gas rapidly expands to do work, the pressure supplementing piston acts on the oil pressure cavity, and then the high-pressure gas is transmitted to the test model to simulate the process of rapidly releasing the elastic energy of the surrounding rock in the elastic region.
As shown in fig. 4, after the test model is damaged under the action of dynamic and static coupling loading, the bearing capacity of the test model is rapidly reduced. Due to incompressibility of hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil in the oil pressure cavities 2-6 cannot be supplemented quickly, the oil pressure in the oil pressure cavities 2-6 will be reduced, the oil pressure output by the hydraulic oil cannot be kept constant, and the thrust plates 1-3 can be in an empty state, so that the test precision is influenced. At the moment, high-pressure gas in the energy storage cavity 2-7 can rapidly expand to do work, the pressure supplementing piston 2-4 is pushed to extrude hydraulic oil in the oil pressure cavity 2-6, and then pressure is transmitted to the hollow piston 2-2, so that the process of rapidly releasing elastic energy of surrounding rocks in the elastic region of underground engineering is simulated.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the dynamic load applying system 3 is disposed at the periphery of the counter force sealing system 1, the dynamic load applying system 3 includes a dynamic load frame 3-1, a weight 3-2, a weight 3-3, a weight lifting mechanism 3-4, a weight lifting mechanism 3-5, and a hopkinson bar 3-6, the dynamic load frame 3-1 is a main body structure of the dynamic load applying system 3, and the rest mechanisms are all mounted on the dynamic load frame 3-1.
The reaction force sealing system 1 is like a square mechanical mechanism, the dynamic load applying system 3 is of a frame structure, and the reaction force sealing system is located in the middle of the dynamic load applying system.
The sliding device 3-7 is designed on the dynamic loading frame 3-1, and the dynamic loading frame 3-1 can be automatically moved to a designated position. The counter weight 3-2 and the impact rod 2-3 of the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2 which is positioned at the top of the counter-force sealing system 1 are concentrically arranged, wherein the concentric arrangement refers to that the counter weight contacts the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder after falling, the counter weight and the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder are concentric, and only the counter weight and the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder are concentrically arranged, the impact force can be more uniformly and accurately transmitted to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder, and the counter weight is prevented from hitting other positions after falling. The pendulum bob 3-3 is concentrically arranged with the impact rod 2-3 of the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2 positioned at the side part of the counter-force sealing system 1 in a falling state, wherein the concentric arrangement means that after the pendulum bob falls down, the pendulum bob is contacted with the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder, the pendulum bob and the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder are concentric, and only the pendulum bob and the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder are concentrically arranged, the impact force can be more uniformly and accurately transmitted to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder, so that the pendulum bob is prevented from pounding to other positions after falling.
The weight lifting mechanism 3-4 is correspondingly arranged beside the weight 3-2, and the pendulum lifting mechanism 3-5 is correspondingly arranged beside the pendulum 3-3. The heavy hammer lifting mechanism 3-4 can automatically lift the heavy hammer 3-2 to a specified height through a servo motor, a cam, a steel wire rope and other mechanisms, so that quantitative impact load is applied to the dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder 2 arranged at the top of the counter-force sealing system 1.
The pendulum bob lifting mechanism 3-5 can automatically lift the pendulum bob 3-3 to a designated angle through a servo motor, a steel wire rope and other mechanisms, so that quantitative impact load is applied to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder 2 arranged on the side part of the counter-force sealing system 1.
The heavy hammer, the pendulum bob and the Hopkinson bar can apply impact load to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder. The heavy hammer lifting mechanism can automatically lift the heavy hammer to a specified height, and the pendulum lifting mechanism can automatically lift the pendulum to the specified height, so that the quantitative application of impact load is realized
As shown in FIG. 5, acoustic emission signal monitoring holes are provided in a plurality of surfaces of the reaction force device 1-1 of the reaction force sealing system 1, and the acoustic emission signal monitoring system 4 is installed in the signal monitoring holes.
In order to form a three-dimensional cloud picture of crack development in the model, acoustic emission probes must be arranged on at least three surfaces, and for this purpose, the specific positions for arranging the acoustic emission probes on the device are as follows: the front of the reaction device has a surface with an excavation opening, a bottom plate structure of the reaction device, and a back surface (opposite to the excavation opening) of the middle clip structure of the reaction device.
The acoustic emission monitoring system 4 consists of an acoustic emission probe 4-1, a signal probe 4-2, a mounting flange 4-3, a bolt 4-4 and a sealing ring 2-8. The signal probe 4-2 penetrates through the counter-force sealing system 1 from outside to inside to enter the test model, and the signal probe 4-2 is made of stainless steel dense materials, so that the acoustic emission signals can be conveniently transmitted without damage. And a sealing ring 2-8 is arranged between the signal probe 4-2 and the counter force sealing system 1 to realize air sealing. The signal probe 4-2 is hermetically mounted on the counter-force sealing system 1 through a mounting flange 4-3, a sealing ring 2-8 and a bolt 4-4. The acoustic emission probe 4-1 is arranged at the outer end of the signal probe 4-2 and is connected with the signal probe through latex.
The signal probe penetrates through the counter force sealing system to enter the model, and the sealing ring is arranged between the signal probe and the counter force sealing system to realize air sealing. The signal probe is installed in the counter-force sealing system in a sealing mode through the mounting flange, the sealing ring and the bolt. The acoustic emission signal in the test model can be led out without loss through the structure. The acoustic emission probe is tightly attached to the outer end of the signal probe, so that the acoustic emission signal is acquired with high precision.
The acoustic emission signal in the test model can be led out without loss through the structure. The acoustic emission probe 4-1 is tightly attached to the outer end of the signal probe 4-2, so that the acoustic emission signal is acquired with high precision. The acoustic emission signal monitoring system is simple in structure and convenient to install. In the test process, the acoustic emission signal detection system is arranged on a plurality of surfaces of the counter-force sealing system, three-dimensional space is formed by different monitoring points, three-dimensional acquisition of acoustic emission signals in the model is realized, and then a three-dimensional fracture field in the test model can be formed through analysis.
Example two
The embodiment aims to provide a simulation test method for multiple strain rate disturbance outburst in a roadway pressure maintaining tunneling process, which comprises the following steps:
during a test, firstly, hydraulic oil is filled into the return cavity to enable the hollow piston to move to a specified position, then high-pressure gas is filled into the energy storage cavity, then high-pressure oil is filled into the oil pressure cavity, the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil can act on the hollow piston and further is transmitted to the thrust rod inside the counter-force sealing system, the gas in the energy storage cavity can be further compressed by the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil, and the expansion energy accumulated by the gas is improved;
dynamic loads with various strain rates are applied to the impact rod through various dynamic load applying mechanisms outside the gas-liquid composite loading oil cylinder, and are transmitted to the thrust plate through the impact rod, so that dynamic and static coupling loading with various strain rates is realized;
after the test model is damaged under the action of dynamic and static coupling loading, high-pressure gas in the energy storage cavity can be rapidly expanded to apply work to the pressure compensation piston, and then pressure is transmitted to the oil pressure cavity and the hollow piston, so that the process of rapidly releasing the elastic energy of the surrounding rock in the elastic region of the underground engineering is simulated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. Many strain rate disturbance outburst analogue test system of tunnel pressurize tunnelling process, characterized by includes:
the reaction sealing system is used for forming a high-pressure gas sealing space, arranging a test model in the high-pressure gas sealing space, providing loaded reaction, and performing tunnel excavation on the test model under the conditions of high-pressure gas filling, pressure maintaining and true three-dimensional ground stress loading;
the counter-force sealing system is used as a main body structure of the test system and is respectively provided with a dynamic and static composite loading oil cylinder, a dynamic load applying system and an acoustic emission monitoring system;
the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder is configured to realize the coupling application of real three-dimensional multi-strain rate dynamic and static loads on the surface of the test model and the quick release simulation of coal rock elastic energy;
the dynamic load applying system is configured to quantitatively apply multi-strain-rate disturbance loads to the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder;
the acoustic emission monitoring system is configured to achieve lossless leading-out and acquisition of three-dimensional acoustic emission signals inside the test model.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic and static combined loading cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a hollow piston, a pressure compensating piston and an impact rod, and the hollow piston and the pressure compensating piston divide the cylinder body into a return cavity, an oil pressure cavity and an energy storage cavity;
preferably, the impact rod penetrates through the hollow piston, penetrates through the whole dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder, and externally applies impact loads with various strain rates to the impact rod, so that the impact loads are transmitted to a test model to realize dynamic and static coupling loading;
preferably, a plurality of sealing rings are arranged in the dynamic and static combined loading oil cylinder to isolate each chamber, so that dynamic sealing is realized;
the return cavity adjusts the hollow piston to a specified position through hydraulic oil.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein high pressure oil is filled into the oil pressure cavity, and the oil pressure is transmitted to the test model through the hollow piston;
the high-pressure gas is filled in the energy storage cavity, the high-pressure gas is further compressed by high-pressure oil to store the expansion energy of the gas, when the test model is broken, the load is rapidly reduced, the high-pressure gas rapidly expands to do work, the pressure supplementing piston acts on the oil pressure cavity to be further transmitted to the test model, and the process of rapidly releasing the elastic energy of the surrounding rock in the elastic region is simulated.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic load applying system comprises a dynamic load frame, a heavy hammer, a pendulum, a heavy hammer lifting mechanism, a pendulum lifting mechanism and a Hopkinson bar, the dynamic load frame is a main structure of the dynamic load applying system, and the rest mechanisms are mounted on the dynamic load frame;
the dynamic load frame is arranged at the periphery of the counter-force sealing system, and a sliding device is arranged on the dynamic load frame to realize the sliding of the dynamic load frame;
preferably, the heavy hammer, the pendulum and the hopkinson bar can all apply impact load to the dynamic and static combined loading cylinder, the heavy hammer lifting mechanism lifts the heavy hammer to a specified height, and the pendulum lifting mechanism lifts the pendulum to the specified height, so that the impact load is applied quantitatively.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring system is used for realizing lossless extraction of acoustic emission signals inside the test model, and comprises an acoustic emission probe, a signal probe, a mounting flange, a bolt and a sealing ring;
the signal probe penetrates through the counter-force sealing system to enter a model, and the sealing ring is arranged between the signal probe and the counter-force sealing system to realize air sealing;
preferably, the signal probe is hermetically mounted on the counter force sealing system through the mounting flange, the sealing ring and the bolt;
preferably, the signal probe is made of a stainless steel dense material, so that nondestructive transmission of acoustic emission signals is facilitated;
the acoustic emission probe is tightly attached to the outer end of the signal probe, so that the acoustic emission signal is acquired with high precision;
preferably, the acoustic emission signal detection system is arranged on a plurality of surfaces of the reaction sealing system in the test process, and different monitoring points form a three-dimensional space, so that the acoustic emission signal inside the model can be acquired in a three-dimensional manner, and then a three-dimensional fracture field inside the test model can be analyzed and formed.
6. The method for the simulation test of the multiple strain rate disturbance outburst in the pressure-maintaining tunneling process of the roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
during a test, firstly, hydraulic oil is filled into the return cavity to enable the hollow piston to move to a specified position, then high-pressure gas is filled into the energy storage cavity, then high-pressure oil is filled into the oil pressure cavity, the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil can act on the hollow piston and further is transmitted to the thrust rod inside the counter-force sealing system, the gas in the energy storage cavity can be further compressed by the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil, and the expansion energy accumulated by the gas is improved;
dynamic loads with various strain rates are applied to the impact rod through various dynamic load applying mechanisms outside the gas-liquid composite loading oil cylinder, and are transmitted to the thrust plate through the impact rod, so that dynamic and static coupling loading with various strain rates is realized;
after the test model is damaged under the action of dynamic and static coupling loading, high-pressure gas in the energy storage cavity can be rapidly expanded to apply work to the pressure compensation piston, and then pressure is transmitted to the oil pressure cavity and the hollow piston, so that the process of rapidly releasing the elastic energy of the surrounding rock in the elastic region of the underground engineering is simulated.
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