CN110018165B - Monitoring method for tunnel intermittent rock burst inoculation evolution process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring method for a tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process. The monitoring method for the tunnel intermittent rock burst inoculation evolution process comprises the following steps: distributing a plurality of microseismic sensors in a first rock burst generation area; acquiring a rock mass fracture concentrated area according to the monitoring results of the microseismic sensors; and arranging a first drilling camera probe in the rock mass fracture concentrated area to monitor the rock mass fracture. According to the monitoring method for the tunnel intermittent rock burst inoculation evolution process, the micro-seismic sensor is distributed in the first rock burst generation area, and the rock mass fracture concentration area is obtained according to the monitoring result of the micro-seismic sensor. Then, a first drilling camera probe for monitoring rock mass fracture is arranged in a rock mass fracture concentrated area, so that the first drilling camera probe can directly monitor intermittent rock burst locally, and the pertinence is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock mass monitoring, in particular to a monitoring method for a tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process.
Background
Rock burst is a strong surrounding rock damage caused by sudden release of high strain energy accumulated in a rock body in the construction process of high-stress underground engineering, has the characteristics of burst property, violent property and randomness, and causes great harm to constructors and mechanical equipment. The intermittent rock burst is formed by intermittently generating multiple rock bursts at the same position or adjacent positions of underground engineering, has high rock burst frequency, long duration and larger danger, and brings serious casualties, economic losses and construction period delay. In order to warn the intermittent rock burst and ensure the construction safety, the inoculation process of the intermittent rock burst needs to be monitored.
However, the traditional rock burst monitoring method focuses on omnibearing monitoring, and the monitoring capability of a local position is poor, so that the intermittent rock burst monitoring method which is locally generated and has a more complicated inoculation process cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a monitoring method for the evolution process of the tunnel intermittent rock burst inoculation aiming at the problem that the monitoring method for the transmission rock burst cannot meet the monitoring of the intermittent rock burst which locally occurs and has a more complicated inoculation process.
A monitoring method for a tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process comprises the following steps:
distributing a plurality of microseismic sensors in a first rock burst generation area;
acquiring a concentrated region of rock mass fracture according to the monitoring results of the microseismic sensors;
and arranging a first drilling camera probe in the concentrated region of the rock mass fracture to monitor the rock mass fracture.
According to the monitoring method for the tunnel intermittent rock burst inoculation evolution process, the micro-seismic sensor is distributed in the first rock burst generation area, and the rock mass fracture concentration area is obtained according to the monitoring result of the micro-seismic sensor. Then, a first drilling camera probe for monitoring rock mass fracture is arranged in a rock mass fracture concentrated area, so that the first drilling camera probe can directly monitor intermittent rock burst locally, and the pertinence is strong.
In one embodiment, the step of deploying a plurality of microseismic sensors in a rock burst generation region comprises:
and laying a plurality of the microseismic sensors based on a D value optimization design rule so that the solution of an objective function constructed by the seismic source covariance matrix is smaller than a preset value. Therefore, the layout of the microseismic sensor in the intermittent rock burst generation area is optimized, and the accuracy and the capability of monitoring and identifying the rock mass fracture at the local position are improved.
In one embodiment, the plurality of microseismic sensors are divided into four groups, each group of microseismic sensors comprises two;
the first group and the second group are arranged on one side of the surrounding rock with the blasting pits, and are arranged on one side of the blasting pits far away from the tunnel face at intervals along the axis direction of the tunnel, and the first group is closer to the blasting pits than the second group; the third group and the fourth group are arranged on the opposite side of the surrounding rock with the blasting pits and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel. Therefore, the arrangement mode of the micro-seismic sensors is favorable for improving the rock mass fracture monitoring precision and monitoring capability of the intermittent rock burst area.
In one embodiment, two of the microseismic sensors in each set of microseismic sensors are located at the arch waist and arch shoulder of the surrounding rock, respectively. Thus, the monitoring precision and the monitoring capability can be further improved.
In one embodiment, two of the microseismic sensors in each set of the microseismic sensors are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction of the tunnel. Therefore, the positioning of the seismic source is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the two microseismic sensors are located on the same section.
In one embodiment, the spacing between the first set and the blast pits and the second set is 25m to 35 m. Therefore, the monitoring precision of the microseismic sensor is improved, and the monitoring capability of the microseismic sensor is fully exerted.
In one embodiment, the third set is disposed corresponding to the blast pits; the fourth group is positioned on one side of the third group far away from the tunnel face, and the distance between the fourth group and the third group is 25 m-35 m. Therefore, the monitoring precision of the microseismic sensor is improved, and the monitoring capability of the microseismic sensor is fully exerted.
In one embodiment, the monitoring method further comprises the steps of:
and arranging second drilling camera probes in and around the explosion pit. Therefore, the method is more suitable for the characteristic of complex intermittent type rock burst inoculation process, more finely monitors the intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process, and has strong pertinence.
In one embodiment, two second borehole camera probes are arranged in the explosion pit; and four second drilling camera probes are distributed around the explosion pit.
In one embodiment, two first borehole camera probes are deployed at the rock mass fracture concentration location.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring the evolution process of intermittent type rock burst inoculation in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed flowchart of step S100 of the method for monitoring the evolution process of the tunnel batch type rockburst inoculation shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout position of microseismic sensors in the monitoring method for the evolution process of the tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the arrangement position of the borehole imaging probe near the explosion hole a shown in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Before describing the monitoring method of the tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process in detail, firstly, the tunnel engineering is briefly explained. Generally, as shown in fig. 3, the tunnel section includes a vault 200, a shoulder 300 and a waist 100, the vault 200 is a top position of the tunnel, the waist 100 is a vertical sidewall position of both sides of the tunnel, and the shoulder 300 is a connection process position of the vault 200 and the waist 100. The working face 400 refers to a working face which is continuously pushed forward in the tunnel excavation project. The surrounding rock refers to a surrounding rock body which is subjected to stress state change due to excavation in the tunnel engineering. Rock burst is a dynamic phenomenon that rock blocks are broken and ejected out due to sudden release of surrounding rock stress in the tunnel excavation process. The intermittent type rock burst is formed by intermittently generating multiple times of rock bursts at the same position or the adjacent position of tunnel engineering, and has high rock burst frequency, long duration and larger hazard. In order to prevent the disaster of the intermittent rock burst in the tunnel engineering, the most key problem is to deeply know the evolution mechanism of the inoculation of the intermittent rock burst, thereby providing scientific basis for the design optimization and the construction scheme of the control of the intermittent rock burst. Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for monitoring intermittent rock burst with more complicated local generation and inoculation process.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for monitoring the evolution process of the tunnel batch type rockburst inoculation in one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows a detailed flowchart of step S100 of the method for monitoring the evolution process of the tunnel batch type rockburst inoculation shown in fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution positions of microseismic sensors in the monitoring method of the evolution process of the tunnel intermittent type rock burst shown in fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution positions of borehole imaging probes in the vicinity of the explosion pit a shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 3 and fig. 4, a method for monitoring an evolution process of a tunnel batch type rockburst inoculation provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
s100: distributing a plurality of microseismic sensors 10 in the first rock burst generation area for monitoring microseisms in the first rock burst generation area;
s200: acquiring a concentrated region of rock mass fracture according to the monitoring results of the micro-seismic sensors 10 (shown in figure 3);
s300: a first borehole camera probe 20a (see figure 4) is deployed in the region of concentration of rock mass fractures to monitor rock mass fractures. Specifically, two first borehole camera probes 20a are arranged in a rock mass fracture concentration area, so that the monitoring precision of rock mass fracture is improved.
According to the monitoring method for the tunnel intermittent rock burst inoculation evolution process, the micro-seismic sensor 10 is arranged in the first rock burst generation area, and the rock mass fracture concentration area is obtained according to the monitoring result of the micro-seismic sensor 10. And then, arranging a first borehole camera probe 20a for monitoring rock mass fracture in a rock mass fracture concentrated region, so that the first borehole camera probe 20a can directly monitor the intermittent rock burst locally, and the pertinence is strong.
It should be noted that the first borehole camera 20a is disposed in the region of concentrated rock mass fracture obtained from the monitoring results of the plurality of microseismic sensors 10, and thus the first borehole camera 20 can be used to detect the fracture of the rock massaThe correctness of the monitoring results of the microseismic sensors 10 is verified according to the monitoring results, and the accuracy and the capability of monitoring the intermittent type rock burst inoculation process are improved.
It should be noted that fig. 3 and 4 also show that in one embodiment, the position of the occurrence of the rock mass fracture event B can be obtained through the monitoring results of a plurality of microseismic sensors, so that the region where the rock mass fracture event B is more dense is the region where the rock mass fracture is concentrated.
Alternatively, the microseismic sensor may be a one-way microseismic sensor.
In one embodiment, step S100 specifically includes:
and distributing a plurality of microseismic sensors based on the D value optimization design rule so that the solution of the objective function constructed by the seismic source covariance matrix is smaller than a preset value, thereby improving the monitoring and identifying precision and capability of the microseismic sensors on the inoculation evolution process of the intermittent rock burst.
It can be understood that the preset value can be determined by comprehensively considering factors such as tunnel specifications, geological conditions and the like according to actual conditions.
In another embodiment, step S100 specifically includes:
s101: designing a plurality of sets of layout schemes for laying the plurality of microseismic sensors 10 in the first rock burst generation area;
more specifically, a mixed congruence method and an expert experience method are adopted to design a layout scheme for laying a plurality of sets (for example, 100 sets) of microseismic sensors 10 by considering the position where the intermittent rock burst occurs, the engineering geological conditions, the tunnel space structural characteristics and the like.
S103: optimizing design criteria (D-o) based on D valueptime), and a target function is constructed by using the seismic source covariance matrix, the solutions of the target functions of the above-mentioned layout schemes are respectively calculated, and the microseismic sensors 10 are laid according to the layout scheme with the minimum solution of the target function. That is to say, the objective functions constructed by the seismic source covariance matrix of all the layout schemes are solved respectively based on the D value optimal design criterion, the layout scheme with the minimum solution of the objective functions is taken as the optimal scheme, and the microseismic sensors are arranged according to the optimal scheme. Therefore, the layout of the microseismic sensor 10 in the intermittent rock burst generation area is optimized, and the accuracy and the capability of monitoring and identifying rock mass fracture at local positions are improved.
Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the plurality of microseismic sensors 10 includes eight microseismic sensors 10, and the eight microseismic sensors 10 are divided into four groups, and each group of microseismic sensors 10 includes two.
The first group of microseismic sensors 10a and the second group of microseismic sensors 10b are uniformly distributed on one side of the surrounding rock with the explosion pit A and are arranged on one side of the explosion pit A far away from the tunnel face 400 at intervals along the axis direction of the tunnel, and the first group of microseismic sensors 10a are closer to the explosion pit A than the second group of microseismic sensors 10 b. The third group of micro-seismic sensors 10c and the fourth group of micro-seismic sensors 10d are arranged on the opposite side of the surrounding rock with the blasting pits A and are arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the tunnel. Therefore, the arrangement mode of the microseismic sensors 10 is beneficial to improving the rock mass fracture monitoring precision and monitoring capability of the intermittent rock burst area.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the blast pit a is located in the surrounding rock on the north side of the tunnel, and therefore, the first group of microseismic sensors 10a and the second group of microseismic sensors 10b are arranged in the surrounding rock on the north side of the tunnel, and the third group of microseismic sensors 10c and the fourth group of microseismic sensors 10d are arranged in the surrounding rock on the south side of the tunnel.
In the embodiment, two microseismic sensors 10 in each set of microseismic sensors are respectively positioned at the arch waist 100 and the arch shoulder 300 of the surrounding rock, so that the monitoring precision and the monitoring capability can be further improved.
In the embodiment, two microseismic sensors 10 in each group of microseismic sensors are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction of the tunnel, so that the influence on the positioning of the seismic source caused by the fact that the two microseismic sensors 10 are positioned on the same section is avoided.
In particular, in the embodiment, the first set of microseismic sensors 10a are spaced from the blast pit a and the second set of microseismic sensors 10b by 25m to 35 m. Preferably, the first set of microseismic sensors 10a is spaced 30m from the blast pit a and the second set of microseismic sensors 10 b. Thus, the monitoring accuracy of the microseismic sensor 10 is improved, and the monitoring capability of the microseismic sensor 10 is fully exerted.
In particular embodiments, the third set of microseismic sensors 10c is positioned in correspondence with the blast hole a. The fourth group of microseismic sensors 10d is located on the side of the third group of microseismic sensors 10c away from the tunnel face 400, and the distance between the fourth group of microseismic sensors 10d and the third group of microseismic sensors 10c is 25m to 35 m. Preferably, the fourth set of microseismic sensors 10d is spaced 30m from the third set of microseismic sensors 10 c. Thus, the monitoring accuracy of the microseismic sensor 10 is improved, and the monitoring capability of the microseismic sensor 10 is fully exerted.
In the embodiment, the microseismic sensor 10 is installed in the rock mass by drilling and burying. Firstly, drilling a hole in surrounding rock, placing the micro-seismic sensor 10 in the hole, and then grouting into the hole to fixedly couple the micro-seismic sensor 10 with a rock body. It should be noted that the depth of the embedding of the microseismic sensor 10 needs to exceed the surrounding rock relaxation depth, which is beneficial for the microseismic sensor 10 to receive the vibration signal. Further, the drilling depth should be greater than the depth that the microseismic sensor 10 needs to be buried, i.e. to avoid the microseismic sensor 10 being disposed at the bottom of the hole, and to prevent the slag falling in the hole from accumulating at the bottom and blocking the installation space of the microseismic sensor 10.
The general relaxation depth of the surrounding rock of the hard rock tunnel is about 1.5 m. In one embodiment, the hole for mounting the microseismic sensor 10 may have a depth of 3m and the microseismic sensor 10 may be buried to a depth of 2.7m to 2.9 m.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method for monitoring the tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process further comprises the following steps:
s400: and the second drilling camera probes 20b are arranged in the explosion pit A and around the explosion pit A, so that the characteristics of complex intermittent type rock burst inoculation process are better adapted, the intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process is more finely monitored, and the pertinence is strong.
More specifically, two second borehole camera probes 20b are arranged within the blast pit a. Four second borehole camera probes 20b are arranged around the blast pit a. Therefore, the monitoring precision of rock mass fracture is further improved.
Alternatively, the second borehole camera 20b may be a digital panoramic borehole camera.
It should be noted that the first borehole camera 20a and the second borehole camera 20b can be used to perform multiple times of camera monitoring, so as to improve the accuracy of the monitoring result.
In the embodiment, the holes for installing the first borehole camera probe 20a and the second borehole camera probe 20b need to be flushed by water injection to remove rock powder in the holes, so that the camera shooting definition of the borehole camera probes is ensured, and a clear intermittent rock burst inoculation evolution process is convenient to obtain. Optionally, the depth of the hole for mounting the first borehole camera 20a and the second borehole camera 20b is 2.8m to 3 m.
The monitoring method for the tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process has the following advantages that:
the layout of the microseismic sensor 10 in the intermittent rock burst generation area is optimized, and the accuracy and the capability of monitoring and identifying the local rock mass fracture are improved.
According to the monitoring results of the micro-seismic sensors 10 on the rock mass in the intermittent rock burst area, a first drilling camera probe 20a is arranged in the rock mass fracture concentrated area, and second drilling camera probes 20b are arranged in the explosion pit A and around the explosion pit A, so that the monitoring and identification on the rock mass fracture are more targeted.
The spatial monitoring of the microseismic sensor 10 is combined with the local monitoring of the drilling camera probe, and mutual verification is carried out, so that the monitoring precision and the monitoring capability of rock mass fracture in the intermittent rock burst inoculation evolution process are guaranteed.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A monitoring method for a tunnel intermittent type rock burst inoculation evolution process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
distributing a plurality of microseismic sensors in the first rock burst generation area, and monitoring microseisms in the first rock burst generation area;
acquiring a concentrated region of rock mass fracture according to the monitoring results of the microseismic sensors;
arranging a first drilling camera probe in the concentrated region of the rock mass fracture to monitor the rock mass fracture;
the plurality of microseismic sensors are divided into four groups, and each group of microseismic sensors comprises two microseismic sensors;
the first group and the second group are arranged on one side of the surrounding rock with the blasting pits, and are arranged on one side of the blasting pits far away from the tunnel face at intervals along the axis direction of the tunnel, and the first group is closer to the blasting pits than the second group; the third group and the fourth group are arranged on the opposite side of the surrounding rock with the blasting pits and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel.
2. The method of monitoring as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of deploying a plurality of microseismic sensors in a rock burst occurrence region comprises:
and laying a plurality of the microseismic sensors based on a D value optimization design rule so that the solution of an objective function constructed by the seismic source covariance matrix is smaller than a preset value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein two of said microseismic sensors of each set of microseismic sensors are located at the haunch and haunch of said surrounding rock, respectively.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein two of the microseismic sensors of each set of microseismic sensors are arranged offset in the direction of the axis of the tunnel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set is spaced from the blast pits and the second set by a distance of 25m to 35 m.
6. The method of monitoring of claim 1, wherein the third set is disposed in correspondence with the blast pits; the fourth group is positioned on one side of the third group far away from the tunnel face, and the distance between the fourth group and the third group is 25 m-35 m.
7. The monitoring method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and arranging second drilling camera probes in and around the explosion pit.
8. The monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein two second borehole camera probes are arranged in the blast pit; and four second drilling camera probes are distributed around the explosion pit.
9. A method of monitoring as claimed in claim 1 wherein two of the first borehole camera probes are deployed at the rock mass fracture concentration location.
10. The method of monitoring of claim 1, wherein the microseismic sensor is a unidirectional microseismic sensor.
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