CN103760595B - Method for arranging microquake real-time monitoring sensors in large-diameter surge shaft excavation process - Google Patents
Method for arranging microquake real-time monitoring sensors in large-diameter surge shaft excavation process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for arranging microquake real-time monitoring sensors in the large-diameter surge shaft excavation process. Before a first layer is excavated, two sets of microquake sensors are arranged around a surge shaft and in excavated chambers, wherein seven microquake sensors are arranged in the two sets in total, and the first set comprises arch crown microquake sensors which are arranged in an arch crown rock mass on the central axis of the surge shaft; sets of microquake sensors are sequentially arranged downwards from an arch shoulder according to exposed surrounding rocks and the structural surface at the current excavated position, each set comprises six sensors, and every two separated sets are arranged in the same way. According to the method, the microquake sensors are dynamically added or reduced along with excavation of the surge shaft, the microquake sensors are arranged in the excavated surrounding rocks of the surge shaft and the surrounding rocks to be excavated of the surge shaft, a microquake sensor monitoring network is arranged in a staggered mode from top to bottom in space, and therefore the microquake sensors can capture more effective micro-fracture source signals as many as possible, microquake sources can be positioned, and the microquake monitoring effect is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to On Microseismic Monitoring Technique, more specifically relate to a kind of major diameter surge shaft excavation microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method, be applicable to micro seismic monitoring in the surge shaft digging process of power station.
Background technology
Surge shaft, also claims pressure well, and referring generally to is be excavated from massif well type structured, plays the effect regulating hydraulic pressure.Major diameter surge shaft is large due to its diameter, the borehole wall easily occurs in digging process and caves on a large scale, fall the block even disaster such as rock burst, affect workmen's safety and construction speed.Therefore be necessary to carry out stability of surrounding rock Real-Time Monitoring in major diameter surge shaft digging process, grasp adjoining rock stability sexual state at any time, the risk that early warning exists, ensure workmen and device security.When surge shaft in layer constantly excavates from top to bottom, Sidewall Surrounding Rock monitored area, upper strata distance excavation face is more and more higher, monitoring personnel are caused to be difficult to regularly carry out the routine monitoring work such as distortion, stress, displacement, and then the judgement of impact to surge shaft stability of surrounding rock.
But nearly all releasing energy along with the generation of crackle, expansion, friction, energy accumulation and the form with stress wave in surge shaft digging process before wall rock destabilization, thus produce microseismic event.By monitoring analysis microseismic event, rock mass internal stress state and destruction situation can be inferred, and then analysis and early warning is carried out to rock stability.Therefore, the microseismic activity in monitoring surge shaft digging process, can grasp the steadiness of country rock at any time.Routine monitoring means compared with routine, micro seismic monitoring means are a kind of spatial information measuring techniques, only need microseismic sensors to be arranged near perpetual object, stronger for surge shaft stage excavation adaptability.
But the monitoring capability of the arrangement of microseismic sensors to the microseismic event produced in surge shaft digging process has material impact, rational sensor arrangement method can not only make sensor capture in surge shaft digging process all microseismic event produced as much as possible, and can determine time that microseismic event occurs, position, the information such as earthquake magnitude size and fault offset more accurately.Current microseismic monitoring sensor arrangement mainly concentrates on the engineerings such as nuclear waste srorage Underground Tunnels chamber, mine and high precipitous rock slope, arranges, have no relevant report for major diameter surge shaft excavation microseismic sensors.Along with power station gets more and more, the stability problem in major diameter surge shaft digging process is also more and more serious, and this problems demand solves.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, a kind of major diameter surge shaft is the object of the present invention is to provide to excavate microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method, by reasonable Arrangement with dynamically augment microseismic sensors, microseismic sensors is made to capture the microseismic event of surge shaft excavation generation as much as possible, realize carrying out Real-Time Monitoring, for the stability analysis of Sidewall Surrounding Rock lays the foundation to surge shaft overall process excavation stability.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of major diameter surge shaft excavation microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method, comprises the steps:
A kind of major diameter surge shaft excavation microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, before ground floor excavation, two groups of totally seven microseismic sensors are arranged excavating in cavern to surge shaft surrounding, first group comprises vault microseismic sensors, be arranged in the vault rock mass on surge shaft central axis, second group comprises six microseismic sensors, selected any one direction perpendicular to surge shaft central axis is 0 ° of angle direction, the angle direction of this group microseismic sensors is then towards excavation face, with 0 ° of angle direction for start angle direction and with the central axis of surge shaft for turning axle turn clockwise the number of degrees obtain angle direction, first microseismic sensors of second group is arranged in surge shaft spandrel place section 0 ° of angle direction, second microseismic sensors of second group is arranged in 60 ° of angle directions of downward A rice place, surge shaft spandrel position section, 3rd microseismic sensors of second group is arranged in the hexagonal angle degree direction of downward 2A rice place, surge shaft spandrel position section, 4th microseismic sensors of second group is arranged in 180 ° of angle directions of downward 3A rice place, surge shaft spandrel position section, 5th microseismic sensors of second group is arranged in 240 ° of angle directions of downward 4A rice place, surge shaft spandrel position section, 6th microseismic sensors of second group is arranged in 300 ° of angle directions of downward 5A rice place, surge shaft spandrel position section, this group microseismic sensors cloth postpone can be excavated stability to surge shaft and be carried out Real-Time Monitoring, wherein A is the fore-and-aft distance often organizing each microseismic sensors in microseismic sensors except first group,
When step 2, surge shaft excavation face excavate spandrel place section, supplement layout the 3rd group totally six microseismic sensors, this group microseismic sensors is buried underground by beating angling hole downwards from the surge shaft abutment wall excavated,
The country rock that current excavation place discloses be I class or II class surrounding rock and current excavation place without I ~ III level structural plane time, the 7th microseismic sensors of this group is arranged in the 6th section downward 30-40m place, microseismic sensors place section 30 ° of angle directions;
The country rock that current excavation place discloses is III ~ V class surrounding rock or current excavation place when there is I ~ III level structural plane, and this group the 7th microseismic sensors is arranged in the 6th section downward 10-15m place, microseismic sensors place section 30 ° of angle directions;
8th microseismic sensors is arranged in the 7th section downward A rice, microseismic sensors place section 90 ° of angle directions, 9th microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 2A rice, microseismic sensors place section 150 ° of angle directions, tenth microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 3A rice, microseismic sensors place section 210 ° of angle directions, 11 microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 4A rice, microseismic sensors place section 270 ° of angle directions, 12 microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 5A rice, microseismic sensors place section 330 ° of angle directions,
When step 3, surge shaft excavation face are excavated and be positioned at one group of the top microseismic sensors place section, next group totally six microseismic sensors are arranged in supplement,
The country rock that current excavation place discloses be I class or II class surrounding rock and current excavation place without I ~ III level structural plane time, this group first microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from section downward 30-40m place, upper one group of bottom microseismic sensors place section,
The country rock that current excavation place discloses is III ~ V class surrounding rock or current excavation place when there is I ~ III level structural plane, and this group first microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from section downward 10-15m place, upper one group of bottom microseismic sensors place section,
The angle direction of each microseismic sensors of this group is consistent with upper group with neighbor distance, and embedding manner and buried depth all remain unchanged,
Step 4, excavation along with surge shaft, constantly repeat step 3 until surge shaft has excavated, micro seismic monitoring terminates.
As above all microseismic sensors are all installed in the rock mass of surge shaft inwall by boring flush type, microseismic sensors is put into and to hole slip casting after boring, make microseismic sensors and rock mass fixed coupling, microseismic sensors imbed position should exceed surge shaft excavation after country rock loose zone, drilling depth exceeds the position that microseismic sensors is imbedded.
The scope of A as above is 0.5 ~ 2m.
When surge shaft in layer constantly excavates from top to bottom, Sidewall Surrounding Rock monitored area, upper strata distance excavation face is more and more higher, monitoring personnel are caused to be difficult to regularly carry out the routine monitoring work such as distortion, stress, displacement, and then the judgement of impact to surge shaft stability of surrounding rock.By micro seismic monitoring means can break surge shaft excavation carry out STABILITY MONITORING, but the monitoring capability of the arrangement of microseismic sensors to the microseismic event produced in surge shaft digging process has material impact, rational sensor arrangement method can not only make sensor capture in surge shaft digging process all microseismic event produced as much as possible, and can determine time that microseismic event occurs, position, the information such as earthquake magnitude size and fault offset more accurately.Current microseismic monitoring sensor arrangement mainly concentrates on the engineerings such as tunnel, mine and high precipitous rock slope, arranges, have no relevant report for major diameter surge shaft excavation microseismic sensors.
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, in conjunction with the feature of major diameter surge shaft, propose the sensor arrangement method of suitable major diameter surge shaft, a) microseismic sensors is dynamically augmented immediately following surge shaft excavation, excavating and be about to all to be furnished with microseismic sensors in the surge shaft country rock excavated, the surge shaft country rock excavating and be about to excavation is made to be included in microseismic monitoring sensor array all the time; B) microseismic sensors monitoring network is spatially arranged in staggered from top to bottom, makes microseismic sensors catch more effective micro rupture source signals as far as possible, and is conducive to microquake sources location, improves micro seismic monitoring effect; C) character of surge shaft country rock is considered targetedly, achieve surge shaft overall process excavation real-time monitoring of stability, solve the problem that the surge shaft adjoining rock stability brought cannot judge because routine monitoring (such as distortion, stress, displacement monitoring etc.) is difficult to operate, ensure construction and personnel equipment's safety.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) microseismic sensors is dynamically augmented immediately following surge shaft excavation, all microseismic sensors is furnished with in the surge shaft country rock excavating and be about to excavation, the surge shaft country rock excavating and be about to excavation is made to be included in microseismic monitoring sensor array all the time, simultaneously, microseismic sensors monitoring network is spatially arranged in staggered from top to bottom, make microseismic sensors catch more effective micro rupture source signals as far as possible, and be conducive to microquake sources location, improve micro seismic monitoring effect.
2) character of surge shaft country rock is considered targetedly, achieve surge shaft overall process excavation real-time monitoring of stability, solve the problem that the surge shaft adjoining rock stability brought cannot judge because routine monitoring (such as distortion, stress, displacement monitoring etc.) is difficult to operate, ensure construction and personnel equipment's safety.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is first group and second group of microseismic monitoring sensor cloth postpone, 0 ° of angle direction side view;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the 3rd group of microseismic monitoring sensor cloth postpone 0 ° of angle direction side view;
Fig. 4 is the 3rd group of microseismic monitoring sensor vertical view;
Fig. 5 is the 4th group of microseismic monitoring sensor cloth postpone 0 ° of angle direction side view;
Fig. 6 is the 4th group of microseismic monitoring sensor vertical view;
Fig. 7 is the 5th group of microseismic monitoring sensor cloth postpone 0 ° of angle direction side view;
Fig. 8 is the 5th group of microseismic monitoring sensor vertical view;
Fig. 9 is embodiment test result figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, a kind of major diameter surge shaft excavation of the present invention microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Certain major diameter surge shaft diameter 41m, country rock relaxation depth is within the scope of 3m, and carry out micro seismic monitoring to this surge shaft excavation stability, surge shaft microseismic monitoring sensor arrangement is as follows.
1) major diameter surge shaft 2, diameter is 41m, and the degree of depth is 109.5m, before ground floor excavation, to surge shaft 2 surrounding arranges two group totally seven microseismic sensors in the exploratory heading 4 excavated and anchor caverns 5 near surge shaft 2.First group comprises vault microseismic sensors 101, is arranged in the vault rock mass on surge shaft 2 central axis.Second group comprises six microseismic sensors, being 0 ° of angle direction perpendicular to the direct north of surge shaft 2 central axis.The angle direction of these all the other microseismic sensors of group is then towards excavation face, with 0 ° of angle direction for start angle direction and with the central axis of surge shaft 2 for turning axle turn clockwise the number of degrees obtain angle direction, lower with.First microseismic sensors 102 of second group is arranged in surge shaft 2 spandrel place section 0 ° of angle direction, second microseismic sensors 103 of second group is arranged in 60 ° of angle directions of downward 1m place, surge shaft 2 spandrel position section, 3rd microseismic sensors 104 of second group is arranged in the hexagonal angle degree direction of downward 2m place, surge shaft 2 spandrel position section, 4th microseismic sensors 105 of second group is arranged in 180 ° of angle directions of downward 3m place, surge shaft 2 spandrel position section, 5th microseismic sensors 106 of second group is arranged in 240 ° of angle directions of downward 4m place, surge shaft 2 spandrel position section, 6th microseismic sensors 107 of second group is arranged in 300 ° of angle directions of downward 5m place, surge shaft 2 spandrel position section.To stagger up and down 1m at surge shaft axial direction with group microseismic sensors, avoid arranging at grade and affecting microquake sources location.Microseismic sensors is all installed in the rock mass of surge shaft inwall by boring flush type, puts into microseismic sensors and to hole slip casting, make microseismic sensors and rock mass fixed coupling after boring.It is surge shaft 2 country rock surface inwardly 5m that microseismic sensors imbeds position, exceeds country rock loose zone 2m, and avoiding microseismic sensors to be embedded in relaxation zone affects its reception rock burst vibration signal.Drilling depth exceeds the position 20cm that microseismic sensors is imbedded.This group microseismic sensors cloth postpone can be excavated stability to surge shaft 2 and be carried out Real-Time Monitoring.
2) when surge shaft 2 excavation face 3 excavation is to spandrel place section, supplement layout the 3rd group totally six microseismic sensors.This group microseismic sensors is buried underground by beating angling hole downwards from surge shaft 2 abutment wall excavated, and puts into microseismic sensors and to hole slip casting, make microseismic sensors and rock mass fixed coupling after boring.It is surge shaft country rock surface inwardly 5m that microseismic sensors imbeds position, exceedes country rock loose zone 2m, and avoiding microseismic sensors to be embedded in relaxation zone affects its reception rock burst vibration signal.Drilling depth exceeds the position 20cm that microseismic sensors is imbedded, and prevents from falling the space of slag muck in the installation of foot of hole blocking microseismic sensors in hole.
The country rock that current excavation place discloses be divided into II class surrounding rock according to GB " Standard for classification of engineering rock masses " GB50218-94 and current excavation place without I ~ III level structural plane, the 7th microseismic sensors 108 of this group is arranged in the 6th section downward 35m place, the microseismic sensors 107 place section 30 ° of angle directions apart from upper group;
8th microseismic sensors 109 is arranged in the 7th section downward 1m place, microseismic sensors 108 place section 90 ° of angle directions, 9th microseismic sensors 110 is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 2m place, microseismic sensors 108 place section 150 ° of angle directions, tenth microseismic sensors 111 is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 3m place, microseismic sensors 108 place section 210 ° of angle directions, 11 microseismic sensors 112 is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 4m place, microseismic sensors 108 place section 270 ° of angle directions, 12 microseismic sensors 113 is arranged in apart from the 7th section downward 5m place, microseismic sensors 108 place section 330 ° of angle directions.Orientation, this group six microseismic sensors places all drops on position, middle, orientation, hexad microseismic sensors place, and microseismic sensors is spatially arranged in staggered, is conducive to microseism location.Continue that stability is excavated to surge shaft 2 and carry out Real-Time Monitoring.
3) when surge shaft 2 excavation face 3 excavates the 3rd group of the 7th microseismic sensors 108 place section, supplement layout the 4th group totally six microseismic sensors.
There is an III level structural plane in the country rock that current excavation place discloses, this group first microseismic sensors 114 is arranged in apart from section downward 15m place, the 3rd group of the 12 microseismic sensors 113 place section.
The angle direction of each microseismic sensors of this group is consistent with upper group with neighbor distance, embedding manner and buried depth all remain unchanged, as shown in the 13 microseismic sensors the 114, the 14 microseismic sensors the 115, the 15 microseismic sensors the 116, the 16 microseismic sensors the 117, the 17 microseismic sensors the 118 and the 18 microseismic sensors 119 in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.Continue that stability is excavated to surge shaft 2 and carry out Real-Time Monitoring.
4) when surge shaft 2 excavation face 3 excavates the 4th group of the 13 microseismic sensors 114 place section, supplement layout the 5th group totally six microseismic sensors.
The country rock that current excavation place discloses be divided into II class surrounding rock according to GB " Standard for classification of engineering rock masses " GB50218-94 and current excavation place without I ~ III level structural plane, the 19 microseismic sensors 120 of this group is arranged in the 18 section downward 35m place, the microseismic sensors 119 place section 30 ° of angle directions apart from upper group;
The angle direction of each microseismic sensors of this group is consistent with upper group with neighbor distance, embedding manner and buried depth all remain unchanged, as shown in the 19 microseismic sensors the 120, the 20 microseismic sensors the 121, the 21 microseismic sensors the 122, the 22 microseismic sensors the 123, the 23 microseismic sensors the 124 and the 24 microseismic sensors 125 in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.Continue that stability is excavated to surge shaft 2 and carry out Real-Time Monitoring.
5) surge shaft 2 continues excavation, and not excavated to during the 5th group of the 19 microseismic sensors 120 place section, micro seismic monitoring terminates.
Collect a series of Monitoring Data during monitoring, carry out analyzing and processing in time to test result, test result as shown in Figure 9.Fig. 9 accumulates microseismic signals 6 spatial distribution map monitored, and this stage has arranged first three groups microseismic monitoring sensor.In Fig. 9, spheroid represents microseismic signals 6, and spheroid size represents the energy of micro rupture release, and spheroid is larger, and energy is larger.As shown in Figure 9, the sensor monitoring network all collects a large amount of microseismic signals 6 near surge shaft 2 country rock excavating and be about to excavation, wherein near 270 ° of direction spandrels, microseismic signals 6 is more and concentrated, near excavation face, its other region microseismic signals 6 are less, monitoring result shows that current 270 ° of directions exist higher Instability of Rock Body risk, and excavation face is neighbouring and other Regional Risks are lower.Along with the excavation of excavation face, there is strong rock burst in microseismic signals concentrated area, surge shaft 270 ° of directions in scene, and excavation face is neighbouring and other region adjoining rock stabilities, coincide, show validity and the accuracy of the technical program with monitoring result.
During taking technical scheme described above to carry out STABILITY MONITORING to surge shaft 2, all successfully capture 9 the local buckling's omen microseismic signals occurred during surge shaft 2 excavates, the surge shaft 2 of early warning accurately excavates the risk existed, after implementing technical solution of the present invention, surge shaft 2 excavates and does not cause workmen's injures and deaths, ensure that construction safety.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims defines.
Claims (3)
1. a major diameter surge shaft excavation microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, before ground floor excavation, two groups of totally seven microseismic sensors are arranged excavating in cavern to surge shaft (2) surrounding, first group comprises vault microseismic sensors (101), be arranged in the vault rock mass on surge shaft (2) central axis, second group comprises six microseismic sensors (102-107), selected any one direction perpendicular to surge shaft (2) central axis is 0 ° of angle direction, the angle direction of this group microseismic sensors is then towards excavation face, with 0 ° of angle direction for start angle direction and with the central axis of surge shaft (2) be turning axle turn clockwise the number of degrees obtain angle direction, first microseismic sensors (102) of second group is arranged in surge shaft (2) spandrel place section 0 ° of angle direction, second microseismic sensors (103) of second group is arranged in 60 ° of angle directions of downward A rice place, surge shaft (2) spandrel position section, 3rd microseismic sensors (104) of second group is arranged in the hexagonal angle degree direction of downward 2A rice place, surge shaft (2) spandrel position section, 4th microseismic sensors (105) of second group is arranged in 180 ° of angle directions of downward 3A rice place, surge shaft (2) spandrel position section, 5th microseismic sensors (106) of second group is arranged in 240 ° of angle directions of downward 4A rice place, surge shaft (2) spandrel position section, 6th microseismic sensors (107) of second group is arranged in 300 ° of angle directions of downward 5A rice place, surge shaft (2) spandrel position section, this group microseismic sensors cloth postpone can carry out Real-Time Monitoring to surge shaft (2) excavation stability
When step 2, surge shaft (2) excavation face (3) excavation is to spandrel place section, supplement layout the 3rd group totally six microseismic sensors, this group microseismic sensors is buried underground by beating angling hole downwards from the surge shaft excavated (2) abutment wall
The country rock that current excavation place discloses be I class or II class surrounding rock and current excavation place without I ~ III level structural plane time, the 7th microseismic sensors (108) of this group is arranged in the 6th section downward 30-40m place, microseismic sensors (107) place section 30 ° of angle directions;
The country rock that current excavation place discloses is III ~ V class surrounding rock or current excavation place when there is I ~ III level structural plane, and this group the 7th microseismic sensors (108) is arranged in the 6th section downward 10-15m place, microseismic sensors (107) place section 30 ° of angle directions;
8th microseismic sensors (109) is arranged in the 7th microseismic sensors (108) place section downward A rice section 90 ° of angle directions, 9th microseismic sensors (110) is arranged in apart from the 7th microseismic sensors (108) place section downward 2A rice section 150 ° of angle directions, tenth microseismic sensors (111) is arranged in apart from the 7th microseismic sensors (108) place section downward 3A rice section 210 ° of angle directions, 11 microseismic sensors (112) is arranged in apart from the 7th microseismic sensors (108) place section downward 4A rice section 270 ° of angle directions, 12 microseismic sensors (113) is arranged in apart from the 7th microseismic sensors (108) place section downward 5A rice section 330 ° of angle directions,
Step 3, surge shaft (2) excavation face (3) excavation is to when being positioned at upper one group of bottom microseismic sensors place section, and next group totally six microseismic sensors are arranged in supplement,
The country rock that current excavation place discloses be I class or II class surrounding rock and current excavation place without I ~ III level structural plane time, this group first microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from section downward 30-40m place, upper one group of bottom microseismic sensors place section,
The country rock that current excavation place discloses is III ~ V class surrounding rock or current excavation place when there is I ~ III level structural plane, and this group first microseismic sensors is arranged in apart from section downward 10-15m place, upper one group of bottom microseismic sensors place section,
The angle direction of each microseismic sensors of this group is consistent with upper group with neighbor distance, and embedding manner and buried depth all remain unchanged,
Step 4, excavation along with surge shaft (2), constantly repeat step 3 until surge shaft has excavated, micro seismic monitoring terminates.
2. a kind of major diameter surge shaft excavation microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, all microseismic sensors are all installed in the rock mass of surge shaft inwall by boring flush type, microseismic sensors is put into and to hole slip casting after boring, make microseismic sensors and rock mass fixed coupling, microseismic sensors imbed position should exceed surge shaft excavation after country rock loose zone, drilling depth exceeds the position that microseismic sensors is imbedded.
3. a kind of major diameter surge shaft excavation microseism Real-Time Monitoring sensor arrangement method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the scope of described A is 0.5 ~ 2m.
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